初二下册英语语法

初二年级下学期语法总结

一．一般将来时

表示一般将来时在八年级中我们已经学习了以下几种表现形式：1．用现在进行时表将来时（表示按计划安排要发生的事件。）What are you doing this weekend?

I’m playing soccer with Jim.

Are you visiting the aquarium tomorrow? Yes, we are. 2．用be going to do表将来时（表示明确的打算或用来表示必然，很可能发生的事或自然现象。）

It is going to rain this afternoon.

We’re going to have a new subject this year.

3．用will do表示将来时（表示单纯的将来概念或表示“意愿”。）

I will see you tomorrow.

Will you please open the door?

二．交际用语——寻求/提出建议

Ask for advice 寻求建议

（1）What shall I do?

（2）Can you help me?/Can you give me a hand?

（3）What should he do?

（4）Could you give me some advice?(a piece of advice, some pieces of advice)

Give suggestions 提出建议

（1）You should say you are sorry.

（2）You could write him a letter.

（3）They shouldn’t argue.

（4）Maybe you should call him up.

（5）I think Evin should tell her friend to get different clothes.

（6）Why don’t you tell him the truth?

（7）Why not borrow one?

（8）Let’s go shopping.

（9）Shall we play soccer?

（10）How about /What about seeing a movie?

（11）You’d better not go out now.

（12）It’s best to wear warm clothes.

三、语法点拨—过去进行时的用法

1．过去进行时的构成：动词be的过去式was /were＋动词的现在分词构成。

（1）过去进行时的否定式是在动词be后加not构成。例如：He wasn’t watching TV when his mother came back.

妈妈回来的时候他没在看电视。

We weren’t playing basketball when he arrived.

他到的时候我们没有打篮球。

（2）过去进行时的疑问句是将动词be（were, was）移至句首。例如：

Were you playing the computer games at 10 last night?

昨天晚上10点你在玩电脑游戏吗？

Was your brother doing his homework at this time yesterday? 你哥哥昨天这个时候在做作业吗？

注意：

①I was 不能缩写成I’s ; They were, We were不能缩写成They’ere, We’ere

②有些表示感情知觉和状态的动词一般不用于进行时态，如：see, hear, love, like，know, remember, understand，have等。

2．过去进行时的用法：表示在过去某一时间内正在进行的动作。例如：

I was watching TV at that time.

那时我正在看电视。

He was cooking at 12 o’clock yesterday.

昨天12点时他正在做饭。

When I came in, she was writing a letter.

我进来时她正在写信。

The students were talking about the movie when the teacher came in.

老师进来时学生们正在谈论那部影片。

3．过去进行时还可以用来表示在过去某阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。例如：

They were waiting for you yesterday.

昨天他们在等你。

He was studying in a middle school at that time.

那时他在中学念书。

4．过去进行时行时与一般过去时的区别：

过去进行时表示在过去某时间里正在进行的动作或存在的状态，一般过去时则表示一个发生在过去的动作或状态，一般说来该动作已完成。例如：

They were writing a letter to their pen-pals last night. （表示他们在昨晚某时刻正在做的动作，但不强调信是否写完）They wrote a letter yesterday.（表示一个完整的动作）

辨析：when与while

（1）when adv. （关系副词）当…… 时；（疑问副词）什么时候，何时

When will he come? 他什么时候来？

It was raining when they started. 他们动身时正下着雨。We’ll start when the team leader comes. 队长一来，我们就出发。

（2）while conj. 当……的时候，和……同时