必修4动词-ing形式作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语

年级高一学科英语版本人教实验版

内容标题必修4 Unit 3 A taste of English humor动词-ing形式作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语

编稿老师林静

【本讲教育信息】

一. 教学内容：

动词-ing形式作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语

二. 知识精讲

（一）动词的ing形式作表语

1. 动名词作表语一般表示抽象的、习惯性的行为，这时主语与表语的位置可以互换。

Her duty is taking care of the babies.

照看婴儿是她的职责。

Our job is playing all kinds of music.

我们的工作就是演奏各种音乐

2. 现在分词作表语，表明的是主语的性质与特征，相当于形容词，可有比较级形式，亦可被very, quite，so等副词修饰，这时主语与表语的位置不可互换

The music they are playing sounds exciting.

他们演奏的音乐是如此令人兴奋

The film we saw last night is quite moving.

我们昨晚看的电影十分感人。

（二）动词的ing形式作定语

1. 动名词作定语，表示该名词的用途或与其有关的动作，通常只能放在所修饰的名词前。

a walking stick手杖 reading room 阅览室 washing machine洗衣机

2.现在分词作定语，说明所修饰的名词正在进行的动作或存在的状态，现在分词与所修饰的名词具有逻辑上的主谓关系，可换成定语从句来表达，单个的现在分词作定语常置于被修饰的名词前，现在分词短语作定语须置于被修饰的名词后。

Nobody can stop the running horse(=the horse that is running).

没人能阻止那匹奔跑的马。

The student making the experiment(=who is making the experiment) is our monitor.

正在做实验的那个学生是我们的班长。

（三）动词-ing形式作宾语补足语

动词-ing形式作宾语补足语表示动作正在进行，这时宾语与宾补之间构成主谓关系，主要用于以下两类动词之后：

1. 表示感觉和状态的动词，如see, hear, feel, smell, watch, find, notice，catch，observe等。

I felt someone patting on the shoulder.

我感到有人拍了拍我的肩膀

I caught a stranger sliding into the manager’s office.

我无意中发现一个陌生人溜进了经理的办公室。

2. 表示“指使”等意义的动词，如have, set, keep, get, leave等

Do you think you can get the radio working

你认为你能修好这台收音机吗

I’m sorry to have kept you waiting long.

对不起，让你久等了

知识拓展：

感官动词和使役动词后，除用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语外，还可以用省略to 的不定式（强调动作的完成，指全过程）及过去分词（宾语与宾补之间构成被动关系）作宾补。

I saw the thief get on the train and disappeared .

我看见那个贼上了火车，消失了。

There was so much noise in the hall that I couldn’t make myself heard.

大厅里太嘈杂了，我说话的声音无法被别人听到。

即学即用：

1. If a solution ________ the rivers against pollution is found, then our living surroundings will be improved.

A. to protect

B. protecting

C. to protecting

D. protect

2. The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket _____ the desert.

A. covering

B. covered

C. cover

D. to cover

3. He looked around and caught a man _____ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.

A. put

B. to be put

C. to put

D. putting

4. ________ to give up smoking, he threw away his ________ cigarettes.

A. Determined; remained?

B. Determined; remaining

C. Determining; remained?

D. Determining; remaining

5. The houses ________ by the first company will be completed by the end of this year.

A. being built?

B. built

C. to be building?

D. to build

6. He was deeply _______because the story is ____________.

A. moved; moved

B. moving; moving

C. moved; moving

D. moving; moved

（四）现在分词（短语）（动词-ing形式）作状语

1. 现在分词（短语）作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语，分词必须和句子的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。现在分词作状语可以表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、让步或伴随情况等。

（1）表示时间，作时间状语，相当于时间状语从句，有时可以在动词-ing 形式前加一个表示时间的连词，如when，while等。

Turning away (= When she turned around ), she saw a car driving up.

转过身来，她看见一辆车开过来了。

While shopping(= While I was shopping ) in the supermarket , I met an old friend of mine.

在超市购物时，我碰到了一个老朋友。

Having finished(=After he had finished ) the homework , Henry went home.