Interactive Television Systems – A Technology That Offers New Ways of
口译考试资料整理
A .English to Chinese1.随着我国加入WTO和对外经济交往迅速加深与扩大，英语广告已逐渐发展成为企业增进出口销售，开拓海外市场的一个主要手腕。
2.广告可以利用有争议的政治话题、社会话题作由头宣传自己，也可以赤裸裸吹自己的产品以抓住消费者的注意力，引导他们购买产品或服务。
3.这种牌子的吸尘器在国际市场上颇具竞争力，是同类产品中最畅销的。
4.咱们生产的电脑其特点是品质好，体积小，节能，而且易学好用。
5.随着世界经济的发展，报纸，杂志和电视愈来愈依赖广告，并使之成为公司收入的一大部份。
1. Along with China's entry into the WTO and more businesses going international, English advertisement has gradually become a major tool for enterprises to promote exportations and to develop foreign markets.2. Advertising can incorporate controversial political tones, social tones, partial nudity, etc. to capture the attention of consumers and entice them to make a purchase.3. Vacuum cleaner of this brand is competitive in the international market and it is the best- selling product of the same kind.4. The computer we produced is characterized by its high quality, compact size, energy saving qualities and is also easy to operate.5. With the rapid development of world economy, newspapers, magazines and television companies are dependent on advertising for a large part of their income.B. Chinese to English1.If the advertisers simply translate the successful ads at home into English, it is quite likely that they will not succeed.2.One of the most important automotive shows in China, Auto China 2021 will be held in June at the China International Exhibition Centre, Beijing.3.Interactive TV movies television into an entirely new medium combining entertainment, shopping, marketing and advertising.4.Advertising on British television is subject to strict regulations.5.As our product has all the features you need and is 20% cheaper compared with that of Japanese make,I strongly recommend it to you.1．若是广告的写作者只是简单地把国内成功的广告翻译成英文，往往不会成功。
介绍电视机的技巧英语作文
介绍电视机的技巧英语作文How to Introduce a Television Set。
Television sets are an essential part of our daily lives, allowing us to stay informed, entertained, and connected to the world around us. Whether you are purchasing a new television set or trying to explain its features to someone else, it is important to know how to introduce a television set effectively. In this article, we will discuss some tips and tricks for introducing a television set in English.Firstly, it is important to understand the basic components of a television set. A typical television set consists of a screen, a tuner, and an audio system. The screen displays the images and videos, while the tuner receives broadcast signals and converts them into audio and video signals. The audio system reproduces the sound.When introducing a television set, it is important tostart with the basics. Begin by describing the size and type of screen. For example, you might say, "This is a 55-inch LED television set." Next, explain the resolution of the screen, which refers to the number of pixels that make up the image. For example, you might say, "This television set has a 4K resolution, which means the image is four times sharper than a standard high-definition television set."Next, explain the audio system. For example, you might say, "This television set has a built-in soundbar, which provides high-quality audio without the need for external speakers." You can also describe any additional features, such as Bluetooth connectivity or surround sound.Finally, explain the tuner. For example, you might say, "This television set has a digital tuner, which allows you to receive high-definition channels without the need for a separate set-top box." You can also explain any additional features, such as the ability to record programs or pause live television.When introducing a television set, it is important to use clear and concise language. Avoid technical jargon and focus on the features that are most important to the user. Use visual aids, such as diagrams or videos, to help illustrate the features of the television set.In conclusion, introducing a television set requires a basic understanding of its components and features. By starting with the basics and using clear and concise language, you can effectively introduce a television set to others. With these tips and tricks, you can help others understand the features and benefits of this essential device.。
电影电视相关职务 英语 解释与翻译
Film & TV Production Roles and DepartmentsKEY CREATIVE TEAMProducerThe producer initiates, coordinates, supervises, and controls matters such as raising funding, hiring key personnel, contracting and arranging for distributors. The producer is involved throughout all phases of the process from development to completion of a project.DirectorThe director is responsible for overseeing the creative aspects of a film, including controlling the content and flow of the film's plot, directing the performances of actors, selecting the locations in which the film will be shot, and managing technical details such as the positioning of cameras, the use of lighting, and the timing and content of the film's soundtrack.ScreenwriterScreenwriters or scriptwriters are responsible for researching the story, developing the narrative, writing the screenplay, and delivering it, in the required format, to the Producers. They are almost always freelancers who either pitch original ideas to Producers in the hope that they will be optioned or sold, or who are commissioned by a Producer to create a screenplay from a concept, true story, existing screenwork or literary work, such as a novel or short story.PRODUCTION DEPARTMENTExecutive ProducerAn executive producer is usually an investor in the project or someone who has facilitated the funding of the project. There may be multiple executive producers on a project, depending on the financing arrangements.Line ProducerTypically, a line producer manages the budget of a film production. Alternatively, or in addition, they may manage the day to day physical aspects of the film production.Production ManagerThe production manager supervises the physical aspects of the production including personnel, technology, budget, and scheduling. It is the PM’s responsibility to make sure the filming stays on schedule and within its budget. The PM often works under the supervision of a line producer and directly supervises the Production Coordinator.Production CoordinatorThe production coordinator is the information nexus of the production, responsible for organising all the logistics from hiring crew, renting equipment, and booking talent. The PC is an integral part of film production.Production SecretaryThe Production Secretary provides administration assistance in the production office to the production co-ordinator and production manager.Production AccountantProduction accountants are responsible for managing finances and maintaining financial records during film production. They work closely with the Producer and the production office to manage the day-to-day accounting office functions, and report on the project’s financial progress against the budgets (cost reporting).Post-production SupervisorPost-production supervisors are responsible for the post production process, during which they maintain clarity of information and good channels of communication between the Producer, Editor, Supervising Sound Editor, the Facilities Companies (such as film labs, CGI studios and negative cutters) and the Production Accountant.First Assistant DirectorThe first assistant director (1st AD) assists the production manager and director. They oversee day-to-day management of the cast and crew scheduling, equipment, script, and the set. They ensure the filming comes in on schedule while maintaining a working environment in which the director, principal artists (actors) and crew can be focused on their work.Second Assistant DirectorThe second assistant director (2nd AD) is the chief assistant of the 1st AD and helps carry out those tasks delegated to the 1st AD. The 2nd AD works closely with the Production Coordinator to create the daily Call Sheets that let the crew know the schedule and important details about the shooting day.Third Assistant DirectorThe third assistant director (3rd AD) works on set with the "First" and may liaise with the "Second" to move actors from unit base, organise crowd scenes, and supervise one or more production assistants. Production Assistant/Production RunnerThe production assistant or runner assists the first assistant director with on-set operations. PAs also assist in the production office with general tasks.Script SupervisorAlso known as "continuity", keeps track of what parts of the script have been filmed and makes notes of any deviations between what was actually filmed and what appeared in the script. They make notes on every shot, and keep track of props, blocking, and other details to ensure continuity from shot to shot and scene to scene.Stunt CoordinatorWhere the film requires a stunt, and involves the use of stunt performers, the stunt coordinator will arrange the casting and performance of the stunt, working closely with the Director.SCRIPT DEPARTMENTStory ProducerThe story producer has overall responsibility for the story across episodes. In reality TV, the story producer is responsible for creating a story line via editing/producing the show's source footage. They may also be responsible for writing the host’s dialogue.Script EditorProvides a critical overview of the screenwriting process, using their analytical skills to help the screenwriter identify problems and thereby help to strengthen and develop the screenplay.Script Co-ordinatorThe script coordinator is responsible for producing each draft of the script and annotating it for ease of use for the production team.LOCATION DEPARTMENTLocation ManagerThe location manager is responsible for finding and securing locations to be used for the production and coordinating the logistics, permits and costs involved. They are also the face of the production to the community .Location AssistantAssists the location manager and is on-set before, during, and after the filming process. General responsibilities include arriving first at the location to allow the set dressers onto the set; maintaining the cleanliness of the location areas during filming and fielding complaints from neighbors.Location ScoutResponsible for the initial scouting of locations for the production, taking into account production logistics, eg location fees and budgetary restrictions, local permitting costs and regulations, camera and lighting requirements, convenience to other locations, production services, crew and unit parking. CAMERA DEPARTMENTDirector of Photography/CinematographerThe director of photography is the head of the camera and lighting department of the film. The DoP makes decisions on lighting and framing of scenes in conjunction with the film's director.Camera OperatorThe camera operator operates the camera under the direction of the director of photography, or the film director, to capture the scenes on film. Depending on the camera format being used for filming (eg film or digital), a director of photography may not operate the camera, but sometimes these two roles are combined.First Assistant Camera (Focus Puller)The first assistant camera (1st AC) is responsible for keeping the camera in focus while it is shooting.Second Assistant Camera (Clapper Loader)The second assistant camera (2nd AC) operates the clapperboard at the beginning of each take and loads the raw film stock into the camera magazines between takes. Also oversees the log books that record when the film stock is received, used, and sent to the lab for processing.LoaderThe loader transfers the film from the manufacturer's light-tight canisters to the camera magazines for attachment to the camera by the 2nd AC. After filming, the loader then removes the film from the magazines and places it back into the light-tight cans for transport to the lab.Camera Production AssistantUsually a trainee in the camera department, the camera PA assists the crew with menial details while learning the trade of the camera assistant, operator or cinematographer.Digital Imaging Technician (DIT)On digital productions the digital imaging technician is responsible for the coordination of the internal workings of the digital camera. Under the direction of the director of photography, the DIT will make adjustments to the multitude of variables available in most professional digital cameras to manipulate the resulting image.Data WranglerOn digital productions the data wrangler is responsible for managing the transfer of data from the camera to a computer and/or hard drive.Steadicam OperatorThe steadicam operator is someone who is skilled at operating a Steadicam (trademark for a camera stabilization rig).Motion Control Technician/OperatorThis technician operates a motion control rig, which essentially is a 'camera robot' able to consistently repeat camera moves for special effects use.Video Split/Assist OperatorA video split is used by directors to watch a monitor during each take. This is captured by special recorders fitted to film cameras next to the eye piece.SOUND DEPARTMENTProduction Sound Mixer (Sound Recordist)The production sound mixer is head of the sound department on set, responsible for recording all sound during filming. This involves the choice of microphones, operation of a sound recording device, and sometimes the mixing of audio signals in real time.Boom Operator(Boom Swinger)The boom operator is responsible for microphone placement and movement during filming. The boom operator uses a boom pole to position the microphone above or below the actors, just out of the camera's frame.GRIP DEPARTMENTGrips are trained lighting and rigging technicians. Their main responsibility is to work closely with the electrical department to put in lighting set-ups required for a shot.Key GripThe key grip is the chief grip on a set, and is the head of the set operations department. The key grip works with the director of photography to help set up the set and to achieve correct lighting and blocking.Best Boy (Grip)The best boy grip is chief assistant to the key grip. They are also responsible for organizing the grip truck throughout the day.Dolly GripThe grip in charge of operating the camera dolly is called the dolly grip. They place, level, and move the dolly track, then push and pull the dolly, and usually a camera operator and camera assistant as riders. ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENTGafferThe gaffer is the head of the electrical department, responsible for the design and execution of the lighting plan for a production. Sometimes the gaffer is credited as "Chief Lighting Technician".Best Boy (Electrical)The best boy electric is the chief assistant to the gaffer.Lighting TechnicianLighting technicians are involved with setting up and controlling lighting equipment.ART DEPARTMENTProduction DesignerResponsible for creating the physical, visual appearance of the film - settings, costumes, props, character makeup.Art DirectorOversees the artists and craftspeople who give form to the production design as it develops.Set DesignerThe set designer is the draftsman, often an architect, who realizes the structures or interior spaces called for by the production designer.IllustratorThe illustrator creates visual representations of the designs to communicate the ideas imagined by the production designer.Set DecoratorThe set decorator is in charge of decorating the set, including the furnishings and all the other objects that will be seen in the film.BuyerThe buyer locates, and then purchases or rents the set dressing.Set DresserThe set dressers apply and remove the "dressing", i.e., furniture, drapery, carpets—everything one would find in a location, even doorknobs and wall sockets.Props MasterIn charge of finding and managing all the props used in the film. Usually has several assistants. Standby PropsWork on set during the filming of a scene, overseeing the use of props, and monitoring their continuity. They are able to respond quickly to requests for moving props and fixtures and to help position actors, crew and equipment.Props BuilderProps builders are technicians skilled in construction, plastics casting, machining & electronics. ArmourerThe armourer is a specialized props technician who deals with firearms.Construction Coordinator/ Construction ManagerOrders materials, schedules the work, and supervises the construction crew of carpenters, painters and labourers.Key ScenicResponsible for the surface treatments of the sets, including special paint treatments such as aging and gilding, simulating the appearance of wood, stone, brick, metal, etc.GreensmanDeals with the artistic arrangement or landscape design of plant material.HAIR AND MAKE-UP DEPARTMENTMake-up ArtistMake-up artists work with makeup, hair, prosthetics and special effects to create the characters look for anyone appearing on screen. Their role is to manipulate an actors on screen appearance. HairdresserThe hair stylist is responsible for maintaining and styling the hair of anyone appearing on screen. They work in conjunction with the makeup artist.WARDROBE DEPARTMENTCostume DesignerThe costume designer is responsible for all the clothing and costumes worn by the cast. They design and plan construction of the garments down to the fabric, colours, and sizes.Costume SupervisorThe costume supervisor works closely with the designer to supervise the creation or sourcing of garments, hiring of support staff, budget, paperwork, and department logistics.Costume StandbyThe costume standby is present on set at all times to monitor the quality and continuity of the actors and actresses costumes before and during takes. They also assist the cast with dressing.Art FinisherAn art finisher may be employed during pre-production to "break down" garments. This specialised job includes making new clothing appear dirty, faded and worn.BuyerOn large productions a buyer may be employed to source and purchase fabrics and garments.Cutter/FitterA costume technician who fits or tailors costumes, usually on-set. They can also be called seamstresses or tailors.POST PRODUCTIONFilm Editor (Offline Editor for video productions)Assembles the various shots into a coherent film, working closely with the director.Assistant EditorAssists the editor by collecting and organising all the elements needed for the edit.Online Editor (for video productions)When the offline edit is complete, adds visual effects, titles, and applies color correction. Also ensures that the program meets the technical delivery specifications.ColouristAdjusts the colour of the film to achieve greater consistency.Negative CutterCuts and splices the film. Provides assembled negative reels to the lab for prints to be made.VISUAL EFFECTS (VFX)Visual Effects SupervisorThe visual effects supervisor is in charge of the visual effects department.CompositorA compositor is a visual effects artist responsible for compositing images from different sources such as video, film, computer generated 3-D imagery, 2-D animations, matte paintings and text.Roto/Paint ArtistManually creates mattes for use in compositing. May also paint visual information out of a scene, such removing wires and rigs, logos and scratches.Matte PainterThese artists draw/paint entire sets or extend portions of an existing set.POST PRODUCTION - SOUND/MUSICSound DesignerIn charge of the post-production sound of a movie.Dialogue EditorResponsible for assembling and editing all dialogue in the soundtrack.Sound EditorResponsible for assembling and editing all sound effects in the soundtrack.Re-recording MixerBalances the sounds prepared by the dialogue, music and effects editors.Music SupervisorWorks with the composer, mixers and editors to create and integrate the film's music. Negotiates licensing of the necessary rights for all source music used in a film.ComposerThe composer is responsible for writing the musical score for a film.Foley ArtistCreates and records many of the sound effects for a film.OTHER PRODUCTION CREWCasting DirectorWorks closely with the Director and Producer to understand requirements, suggests artists for each role, as well as arranging and conducting interviews and auditions.Storyboard ArtistVisualises stories using sketches on paper. Quick pencil drawings and marker renderings are two of the most common traditional techniques, although nowadays Flash, Photoshop and specialist storyboard software applications are being used more often.CaterersCatering is provided by specialist companies who drive catering trucks packed with food and a range of equipment including ovens, gas and water to each Unit Base for filming.Unit NurseProvides first aid cover and primary healthcare to the cast and crew on a film production. This includes ensuring that people are looking after their own health.Unit PublicistResponsible for Unit press and the publicity budget set by Producers. Work on a freelance basis, and are hired only for the duration of each shoot, although may also be employed to handle distribution publicity in the run-up to the film's release.Stills PhotographerStills Photographers usually work on set, recording scenes from the film, but they may also be required to set up photographs in the style of the film in a studio environment.INTERACTIVE MEDIAProducerIdentifies and specifies the product’s high-level requirements or purpose, ensuring that its business objectives and creative vision are understood and maintained by everyone involved in the project. This is a senior, client-facing role that requires expertise in business, management, content, design and technical disciplines.DesignerCreates the 'look and feel' of an interactive media product. Produces visuals of user interfaces, using software such as Adobe Photoshop or Illustrator. They usually follow a design brief that may be given as verbal instructions, a written specification or 'wire–frame' diagrams.DeveloperDevelopers use authoring tools, mark-up languages and scripting languages to create the product. Sometimes this will be according to designs created by someone else (such as a Designer); other times the Developer may design the product as well.Production AssistantContributes to the production of an interactive media product by helping other members of the team. Usually works with the Designer and Developer or with a Web Editor. Often taken on as interns. Studio ManagerEnsures the smooth running of an interactive media studio, managing the team, overseeing the work and liaising with other departments within the company. May also set up the studio and recruit staff.Project ManagerPlans, schedules and co-ordinates interactive media development projects, ensuring they run smoothly, on time and within budget. Focuses on the mechanics of running the project rather than creative requirements.Account ManagerDevelops, maintains and improves relationships with existing clients, ensuring their needs are met, and obtaining repeat business from them.New Business DeveloperGenerates business for the interactive organisation or agency.Content StrategistScopes and plans interactive media product’s content and determines its overall style - what to say, how to say it effectively, when and where to say it.Information ArchitectInterprets high-level requirements in order to design the overall user experience of an interactive media product.Web EditorPlans and oversees the on-going management of a web site and the publication of content to it. This may involve writing copy from scratch, or coordinating and editing contributions from others.SEO Specialist (Search Engine Optimisation)Optimises a web site or pages to make them as visible as possible to Internet search engines, in order to maximise traffic to them.ProgrammerProduces computer software in order to give a product its functionality. Similar to the Developer role but is usually more purely technical and focuses on high-level programming rather than scripting –although they often overlap. It does not usually involve visual or interface design, but may include technical design, such as devising systems or databases.Usability SpecialistEnsures an interactive media product meets the needs of its intended audiences through analysis, evaluation and testing of the user experience. This is very much a research-led role, but it may sometimes also require technical skills.。
英语作文-以色列广播电视接收设备制造业：创新科技与安全解决方案
英语作文-以色列广播电视接收设备制造业：创新科技与安全解决方案The Israeli broadcasting and television reception equipment manufacturing industry is at the forefront of innovation and security solutions. With a commitment to excellence and a focus on cutting-edge technology, Israeli companies in this sector have revolutionized the way people access and experience media.One of the key factors driving the success of Israel's broadcasting and television reception equipment manufacturing industry is its relentless pursuit of innovation. Israeli companies are known for their ability to develop groundbreaking technologies that enhance the quality and reliability of broadcast signals. Whether it's through the use of advanced antenna designs, signal processing algorithms, or network optimization techniques, Israeli manufacturers are constantly pushing the boundaries of what's possible in the field of broadcasting technology.In addition to their focus on innovation, Israeli companies in this industry also place a strong emphasis on security solutions. As the threat landscape continues to evolve, ensuring the integrity and confidentiality of broadcast signals has become paramount. Israeli manufacturers have responded to this challenge by developing a wide range of security solutions, including encryption algorithms, authentication protocols, and intrusion detection systems. These solutions help to safeguard against unauthorized access, signal interference, and other potential threats, ensuring that viewers can enjoy their favorite programs with peace of mind.Furthermore, Israeli companies in the broadcasting and television reception equipment manufacturing industry are known for their commitment to quality and reliability. From the design and manufacturing process to testing and deployment, Israeli manufacturers adhere to the highest standards of excellence. This dedication to quality ensures that their products perform flawlessly in even the most demanding environments,providing broadcasters and consumers alike with a reliable and consistent viewing experience.Moreover, Israeli manufacturers are also actively engaged in international collaborations and partnerships, further enhancing their competitiveness in the global market. By working with leading broadcasters, technology companies, and research institutions around the world, Israeli manufacturers are able to leverage their expertise and resources to develop innovative solutions that address the evolving needs of the industry. These collaborations not only drive technological advancement but also facilitate the exchange of ideas and best practices, helping to drive the industry forward as a whole.In conclusion, the Israeli broadcasting and television reception equipment manufacturing industry stands as a shining example of innovation, security, and excellence. Through their relentless pursuit of technological advancement, commitment to quality, and collaborative spirit, Israeli companies continue to push the boundaries of what's possible in the world of broadcasting technology. As the industry continues to evolve, Israeli manufacturers are poised to lead the way, delivering cutting-edge solutions that redefine the future of media consumption.。
介绍电视机器人英语作文
介绍电视机器人英语作文Introducing Television RobotsIn the age of rapid technological advancement, television robots have emerged as a fascinating innovation, revolutionizing the way we perceive entertainment and interact with media. These intelligent machines, equipped with artificial intelligence and advanced programming, have seamlessly integrated into our daily lives, offering a myriad of benefits and transforming the landscape of television consumption.Firstly, television robots redefine the viewing experience by providing personalized recommendations and content curation tailored to individual preferences. Through sophisticated algorithms and user profiling, these robots analyze viewing habits, genre preferences, and even mood indicators to deliver a customized selection of programs and channels. This level of personalization enhances user satisfaction and engagement, fostering a deeper connection between viewers and their chosen content.Moreover, television robots serve as interactive companions, engaging users in meaningful dialogue and enhancing social interaction. Equipped with natural language processing capabilities, these robots can hold conversations, answer queries, and even provide insightful commentary on the programs being watched. Whether discussing plot twists, analyzing character development, or debating thematic elements, these interactions enrich the viewing experience and create a sense of camaraderie between humans and machines.Furthermore, television robots play a pivotal role in accessibility and inclusivity, breaking down barriers for individuals with disabilities and special needs. By incorporating features such as audio descriptions, closed captions, and voice commands, these robots ensure that entertainment remains accessible to all, regardless of physical or cognitive limitations. This inclusivity fosters a more diverse and equitable media landscape, where everyone can participate and engage with content on an equal footing.In addition to their entertainment value, television robots also offer practical utility in household management and automation. With integrated smart home capabilities, these robots can control various devices, adjust environmental settings, and even perform tasks such as scheduling recordings, ordering groceries, or managing household finances. This seamless integration of entertainment and utility consolidates the role of television robots as indispensable companions in modern households.Despite their numerous benefits, the widespread adoption of television robots also raises important ethical and societal considerations. Concerns regarding privacy, data security, and the potential for algorithmic bias necessitate careful regulation and oversight to ensure responsible development and deployment. Additionally, questions surrounding the displacement of human workers in the entertainment industry and the erosion of traditionalviewing habits underscore the need for thoughtful reflection on the implications of this technological transformation.In conclusion, television robots represent a paradigm shift in the realm of entertainment, offering personalized experiences, interactive engagement, and inclusive accessibility. While they hold immense promise for enhancing our viewing pleasure and simplifying our daily lives, their integration into society requires careful consideration of ethical, regulatory, and social implications. As we navigate the everevolving landscape of technology and media, embracing innovation while safeguarding ethical principles remains paramount.。
监控专有名词
決定鏡頭品質因素
彩用鏡片數目
多類型鏡片組合可減少色偏改善焦距等問題， 但會減少透光率
鏡片透光率
好鏡片透光率佳價格貴， 差鏡片較會阻擋光線通過
鍍層與研磨
鏡片鍍層與研磨技術影響鏡片品質
機械裝置
鏡頭內部機械結構經密度 影響鏡片移動精確度及可靠度品質差 機械結構會產生調整誤差及不一致性
鏡頭工作原理簡介
鏡頭是由許多凹击鏡片組合而成﹒ 各種不同數量之鏡片經由有順序排列組合 形成各種不同焦距之鏡頭﹒ 鏡頭內部有部分鏡片為可移動式， 以利得到寬廣之使用範圍﹒ 外部影像經由鏡頭鏡片組聚焦後， 將清晰影像投射於攝影機CCD sens
鏡頭倍數： 6倍，8倍，10倍，12倍等﹒
鏡頭特有術語及其代表義
Lris（光圈） Focus（聚焦） Zoom（變焦） F-stop（光圈孔徑） Focus length（焦距） F.F & f 代表意義 F：代表光圈孔徑： F1.2，F1.4，F1.6，F1.8，F2.0， 數值越小代表光圈可開啟越大進光量越強； F.代表焦距範圍f：4mm；f：6mm；f：8mm等； zoom lens f：8-48；f：8-80；f：7.5-120等。
CAMERA（解析度）解析度？
水準（解析度）解析度： 水準解析度表示在監視器上可分辨的垂直方向的電視線的條數， 與CCD傳感器水準圖元數有關，解析度的經驗換算是 CCD傳感器水準圖元數乘上0.75， 如：MTV－1881EX B/W 1/2英吋CCD水準圖元數為795 則：795 ×0.75＝596.25＝600TVLines﹒ 原則上水準解析度可無限增加，但有兩個限制；技術可能尚未突破， 無法增加傳感器圖元數，若增加傳感器上圖元，晶片卻越設計越小， 雖增高解析度，但是降低了感光度； 垂直解析度受水準電視掃描線的影響一般不專門要求， 可有檢驗（解析）圖卡直接讀取 註：水準解析度測量方法： a﹒檢驗（解析）圖卡： 將攝影機直接拍攝檢驗圖於監視器上直接讀取垂直及水準解析度 b﹒頻寬測量： 使用示波器測量攝影機取像訊號頻寬，量測出頻寬再乘80 就是攝影機的解析度﹒ EX：量測出頻寬 5MHZ﹒5 × 80＝400條
【精选】各国数字TV标准
6．2数字电视数字电视有三种广播传播方式。
(1)地面数字电视广播地面数字电视广播是由电视台在地面VHF／UHF广播信道上开路传输数字电视节目的广播，是最普及的电视广播方式。
由于地面广播信道情况复杂、干扰严重，面临多径传播而带来的符号间干扰，因此技术上的要求比较高，是要重点介绍的无线通信内容。
(2)卫星数字电视广播卫星电视广播是利用卫星作为微波中继站的一种电视广播通信手段。
在第5章已详细介绍了卫星通信技术，本章第3节还将专门介绍卫星数字电视广播的内容。
．(3)有线数字电视广播有线数字电视广播是利用电缆或光纤作为传输信道的广播电视系统，由于信道条件好，因此质量高，节目频道多，便于开展按节目收费(PPV)、节目点播(VOD)及其他双向业务。
严格地讲，有线电视数字广播属于有线通信，已超出本书讨论的范围，所以不准备进一步展开。
6．2．1世界主要数字电视标准正如模拟电视有PAL、NTSC、SECAM等制式一样，数字电视也要制定本身的标准。
目前世界上最主要的数字电视标准有三种：美国的ATSC、欧洲的DVB和日本的ISDB。
其中前两种标准用得较为广泛，特别是DVB已逐渐成为世界数字电视的主流标准。
(1)ATSC标准ATSC(Advanced Television System Committee)是美国高级电视系统委员会的简称，于1995年经美国联邦通信委员会正式批准成为美国的高级电视(ATV)国家标准。
ATSC标准规定了一个在6 MHz带宽内传输高质量的视频、音频和辅助数据的系统，在地面广播信道中能可靠地传输约19 Mb／s的数字信息，在有线电视频道中能可靠传输38 Mb／s的数字信息，该系统能提供的分辨率达常规电视的5倍之多。
ATSC被加拿大、韩国、阿根廷、中国台湾地区以及墨西哥采用，亚洲及中北美洲的许多国家也正在考虑使用。
(2)DVB标准DVB(Digital Video Broadcast)数字视频广播是欧洲广播联盟组织的一个项目。
电视新概念及交互电视
... Upstream Compression
Information
Layer
Elementary Streams
Elementary Stream Interface
SL ...
Sync
SL
Layer
FlexMux
(PES) MPEG-2
TS
(RTP) UDP
IP
FlexMux
AAL2 ATM
SL-Packetized Streams
FlexMux
H223 PSTN
DAB Mux
...
DMIF Application Interface
Delivery Layer
Multiplexed Streams
Transmission/Storage Medium
DAI(DMIF Application Interface)
DMIF是集成了现有诸多相关发送协议的一个集成框架 ，目的是最大限度的利用这些协议标准，避免功能的 重复定义。 DMIF规范MPEG-4流与不同网络技术和协议 的接口，提供了MPEG-4流的全面的发送结构。单独作 为MPEG-4标准的一部分。
目前多媒体电视有两个概念。一是指又能收看 电视（DVD等），又能接计算机的电视机。
第二是指在闭路电视上加上电脑交互功能，所 以又叫交互式多媒体电视。特别用于电化教学。
传统的闭路系统只能被动地收看电视节目，交 互式多媒体教学系统却具有系统交互式功能。 中心控制室能控制教室内的节目播放，老师在 教室内也能够任意点播中心控制室的教学节目。 还可以快进、快退，反复播放，这样老师在教 学的时候就能够更加主动地组织自己的授课内 容，提高课堂教学效果。
Interactive TV 交互电视
电影专业词汇中英翻译
电影专业词汇中英翻译电影专业词汇中英翻译Names of Some Chinese and Foreign Movie Companies, Film Studios and Film Distribution Corporations 中外一些影业公司、电影制片厂和电影发行公司名称Agricultural Film Studio of China 中国农业电影制片厂August First Film Studio (中)八一电影制片厂Beijing Children’s Film Studio (中)北京儿童电影制片厂Beijing Film Studio (中)北京电影制片厂Central Newsreel and Documentary Film Studio (中)中央新闻纪录电影制片厂Changchun Film Studio (中)长春电影制片厂China Film Distribution and Exhibition Corporation 中国电影发行放映公司China Motion Picture Studio (中国台湾)中国电影公司Cinema International Corporation (美)新艺国际电影公司Cinema Television Ltd. (英)电影电视有限公司Emei Film Studio (中)峨嵋电影制片厂Pacific Audio and Video Corporation of China 中国太平洋影音公司Pearl River Film Studio, Zhujiang River Film Studio (中)珠江电影制片厂Radio Films (美)雷电华影片公司Shanghai Film Dubbing Studio (中)上海电影译制厂Shenzhen Film Enterprise (中)深圳影业公司Taiwan Film Studio (中)台湾电影制片厂20th Century Fox Fed. Inc. (美)二十世纪福斯影片公司Unique Films, Ltd. (美)比高电影有限公司United Artists (美)联艺影片公司Universal Picture Corporation (美)环球影片公司Warner Brothers (美)华纳影片公司Xi’an Film Studio (中)西安电影制片厂Xiaoxiang Film Studio (中)潇湘电影制片厂Youth Film Studio (中)青年电影制片厂Film Awards 电影奖Academy Awards, Oscar Awards (美)电影艺术科学院奖，奥斯卡奖best actor award 最佳男演员奖best art direction award 最佳艺术指导奖best cameraman award 最佳摄影奖best costume designing award 最佳服装设计奖best director award 最佳导演奖best documentary award 最佳纪录片奖bestdubbing award 最佳配音奖best feature film award 最佳故事片奖best female supporting role award 最佳女配角奖best film editing award 最佳剪辑奖best foreign language film award 最佳外国影片奖best make up award 最佳化装奖best male supporting role award 最佳男配角奖best props award 最佳道具奖best recording award 最佳录音奖best scenarist award 最佳编剧奖best science film award 最佳科教片奖best science film award 最佳布景设计奖best sound effects award 最佳音响效果奖best special effects award 最佳特技奖Gary Cooper Prize (戛纳国际电影节)加菜·古柏奖Golden Bear (柏林电影节最高奖)金熊奖Golden Gate award (旧金山国际电影节)金门奖Golden Harvest (亚洲电影工作者联盟最佳奖)丰收奖Golden Rooster awards (中)金鸡奖Gold Horse Prize (中国台湾)金马奖Gold Lion award (威尼斯国际影展)金狮奖Grand Prix (电影比赛)大奖，最高奖Hong Kong Gold Statue awards 香港金像奖honorary award 荣誉奖Hundred Flowers awards (中)百花奖New York Film Critics’Award (美)纽约电影评论家奖outstanding film award 优秀影片奖special award 特别奖电影工业film industry cinematograph电影摄影机, 电影放映机cinema, pictures电影院(美作:movie theater) first-run cinema首轮影院second-run cinema二轮影院art theatre艺术影院continuous performance cinema循环场电影院film society电影协会,电影俱乐部(美作:film club) film library电影资料馆premiere首映式film festival电影节distributor 发行人Board of Censors审查署shooting schedule摄制计划censor’s certificate审查级别release准予上映banned film禁映影片A-certificate A级(儿童不宜) U-certificate U级X-certificate X级(成人级) direction导演production制片adaptation改编scenario, screenplay, script编剧scene场景exterior外景lighting灯光shooting摄制to shoot 拍摄dissolve渐隐,化入,化出fade-out淡出fade-in淡入special effects特技slowmotion慢镜头editing, cutting剪接montage剪辑recording, sound recording录音sound effects音响效果mix, mixing混录dubbing配音postsynchronization后期录音合成studio制片厂,摄影棚(motion)film studio电影制片厂set, stage, floor场地properties, props道具dolly移动式摄影小车spotlight聚光灯clapper boards拍板microphone麦克风,话筒boom长杆话筒scenery布景影片类型films types film, motion picture影片,电影(美作:movie) newsreel新闻片,纪录片documentary (film)记录片,文献片filmdom电影界literary film文艺片musicals音乐片comedy 喜剧片tragedy悲剧片dracula movie恐怖片sowordsmen film武侠片detective film 侦探片ethical film伦理片affectional film爱情片erotic film黄色片western movies 西部片film d’avant-garde前卫片serial系列片trailer预告片cartoon (film)卡通片,动画片footage 影片长度full-length film, feature film长片short(film)短片colour film 彩色片(美作:color film) silent film默片,无声片dubbed film配音复制的影片,译制片silent cinema, silent films无声电影sound motion picture, talkie有声电影cinemascope, CinemaScope 西涅玛斯科普型立体声宽银幕电影,变形镜头式宽银幕电影cinerama, Cinerama西涅拉玛型立体声宽银幕电影,全景电影title片名original version原著dialogue对白subtitles, subtitling字幕credits, credit titles对原作者及其他有贡献者的谢启和姓名telefilm电视片Film Actors, Screen Actresses 电影演员atmosphere person (电影)临时演员cast 演员班子character actor (电影)性格演员child actress 女童星cinemaster \\ (美)，film star，movie star 电影明星Crowd film actor, film super 演配角的电影演员dubber, dubbing speaker 配音演员extra 特别客串演员(拍摄群众场面)临时演员film artist 电影表演艺术家film comedian 电影喜剧演员leading cinemactor, leading photo player 演主角的电影演员leading movie luminary 大牌电影明星leg artist “大腿”明星lip-synchronist 对口型录音者，配音演员matinee idol 受女观众欢迎的男明星money making movie star所拍影片卖座的影星movie king 影帝movie queen 影后new star 新星regular film actor 基本演员semi star 二流演员sex goddess 受欢迎的性感女明星stand in 在拍摄前对光调整镜头的演员替身starlet 正在受训的小明星stunt girl 女明星的替身，替身中的女性stunt man 拍摄危险场面时的替身演员super-numerary (电影)无声配角演员superstar (电影)超级明星supporting cinemactress, supporting movie actress 演配角的电影女演员top screen star 最佳电影演员tragic star 悲剧明星ugly star 丑星young actress 年轻的女电影演员演员actors cast阵容film star, movie star电影明星star, lead主角double, stand-in替身演员stunt man特技替身演员extra, walker-on临时演员character actor性格演员regular player基本演员extra 特别客串film star电影明星film actor男电影明星film actress女电影明星support配角util跑龙套工作人员technicians adapter改编scenarist, scriptwriter脚本作者dialogue writer对白作者production manager制片人producer制片主任film director导演assistant director副导演,助理导演cameraman, set photographer 摄影师assistant cameraman摄影助理property manager, propsman道具员art director布景师(美作:set decorator) stagehand化装师lighting engineer灯光师film cutter剪辑师sound engineer, recording director录音师script girl, continuity girl场记员scenario writer, scenarist剧作家电影摄制filming shooting camera摄影机shooting angle拍摄角度high angle shot俯拍long shot远景full shot全景close-up, close shot特写,近景medium shot 中景background背景three-quarter shot双人近景pan摇镜头frame, picture镜头still静止double exposure两次曝光superimposition叠印exposure meter 曝光表printing洗印放映projection reel, spool(影片的)卷,本sound track音带,声带showing, screening, projection放映projector放映机projection booth, projection room 放映室panoramic screen宽银幕Titles 电影字幕与标题art title 美术字幕bridging title 插入字幕Chinese title 中文字幕clip 新闻影片的标题credit title 工作人员名单(电影字幕)descriptive title 叙述字幕English captions 英文字幕explanatory title 说明字幕film name, film title 片名leader 片头部分，叙述字幕main title 主字幕side title 说明字幕，幻灯字幕spoken title 对白字幕sub-title 副字幕working title (美)影片的暂定名称，工作字幕G(General Audience) G级(此类影片男女老少均可观看) late show 午夜场packed house 爆满premiere, screen debut 电影的首映public show 公映Restricted (Restricted Under 17) R级(专为十七岁以下青年放映)Films, Magic Lamps, Lantern Slides, Screen Scripts 电影，影片，幻灯，幻灯片，电影剧本Pictures 电影，影片action film 情节电影added short 加映的短片adult Western 成年人看的西部电影adventure film, adventure story 惊险片affectional film, love story film 爱情片American movie 美国影片animated film 动画片anti-espionage film, anti-spy film 反特片，反谍片art film, artistic film 艺术片artistic documentary film 艺术纪录片athletic film, sports film 体育片audience picture 受一般观众欢迎的影片avant-garde picture (法)前卫派电影bang-bang, war film 战争片biographical film 传记片black and white film, black and white movie 黑白电影blue film, peep cinerama 黄色下流电影 B movie B 级片，水平不高的影片Cartoon and puppet films 美术片children's film, kid movie 儿童电影Chinese film 中国影片，汉语片cinema colour, colour film, colour movie 彩色影片Cinemascope 一种宽银幕电影(商标名)cinema verite, cineverite (法)实录电影cinemexploration 探险题材的影片，游记片cinepanoramic 全景宽银幕电影cinerama 宽银幕立体电影collective story film 集合故事片college film 学院片colour documentary film 彩色纪录片colour printing film 彩印片comedy film 喜剧片costume film 古装片cow-boy film 牛仔电影，美国西部电影cutting copy, sample film 样本，样片day-light movie 白昼电影deepie (口)，stereoscopic film, three-dimensional film 立体电影detective film 侦探片documentary shorts, newsreel 新闻短片double feature 分上、下集之影片double feature movie 双题材故事片dracula movie 内容残酷、恐怖的电影dubbed film 译制片dubbed foreign film 译制的外国片duplicated film 复制片education film, educational film 教育片English film with Chinese captions 带中文字幕的英语影片English story film 英国故事片epic film 史诗片eroducion, erotic film, pornographic film, sex film, sexploiter 色情电影ethical film 伦理片experimental film 探索性影片fairy film 童话片feature film 故事片，长片，正片featurette 短故事片，短艺术片，教育影片featurization 特制片film colossus 规模很大的电影filmlet 短小的影片first run film 首轮放映的影片foreign film 外国影片full length record film 大型纪录片full length wide screen cartoon film 大型宽银幕动画片instruction film 教学片medical film 医学片military film 军事片movie-movie 真实的电影multi media show 多媒体电影original version 原版片，原文片popular science film 科普片preview, prevue(美) 预告片puppet film, puppetoon 木偶片science and education film 科教片science fiction, sci-fi film 科幻片serial 分集的影片，成套的影片silent film, silent picture 无声电影swordsmen film 武侠片titled film 片印字幕的影片topical film 时事片tragedy film 悲剧片trailer 广告性的电影预告片vitaphone 利用唱片放音的有声电影广播电视英语词汇broadcast, broadcasting 播送，播放，广播live broadcast 直接广播，直播rebroadcast 重播recorded broadcast, recorded transmission 录音后广播broadcasting station, transmitter 电台aerial 天线indoor aerial 室内天线network 广播网，电视广播网wave length 波长long wave 长波medium wave 中波short wave 短波kilocycle 千周echo chamber回响室recording studio录音棚sound recording 录音sound technician, sound engineer 录音师tape recorder 磁带录音机microphone 传声筒，话筒earphones 耳机loudspeaker 喇叭track 轨,声道recording head 录音磁头playback head 放音磁头erasing head 抹音磁头turntable 唱机转盘tone control音调控制tuner knob, tuning knob 调谐钮frequency modulation调频high fidelity, hi-fi 高保真interference 干扰valve 电子管（美作：tube）radio station 广播站radio engineering, radio-technology 无线电技术radio receiver, radio set, receiving set, wireless 收音机radio engineer 无线电工程师radio transmission 无线电广播radio transmitter 无线电广播发射机radio frequency 无线电广播频率dial 刻度盘to dial, to tune in调谐signature tune音调listener 听众VHF 甚高频，特高频UHF 超高频NTSC NTSC制式PAL PAL制式SECAM SECAM制式to televise, telecast, television broadcasting 电视播送colour television 彩色电视closed-circuit television 闭路电视telecommunication satellite 通信卫星television set, television receiver 电视接收机，电视机screen 屏幕the small screen 小屏幕channel selector 频道选择器definition清晰度cathode-ray tube 阴极射线管to scan, scanning 扫描scanning beam 扫描线contrast 对比度brightness 亮度chrome 色度hue 色调picture 画面test chart 调试卡，测试图framing 图像定位televiewer, viewer 电视观众television camera 电视摄像机cameraman 摄像师console 控制台relay 中继relay station 中继站video 视频的magnetoscope 验磁器kinescope 电视显像管to programme 制作节目（美作：to program）programming 节目制作（美作：programing）programmer 节目制作者（美作：programer）live programme 实况转播（美作：live program）production 制片to produce 录制，制片producer 制片人announcer 播音员news bulletin, newscast 新闻news flash 最后新闻newsroom 新闻编辑室to interview, interview 采访interviewer 采访记者TV play 电视剧TV play series 电视连续剧telefilm 电视片script剧本shooting, to shoot录制shot景close shot近景dolly 摄影推车set布景set designer布景师lighting engineering照明技术lighting engineer照明师lighting effects 灯光效果spotlight, spot聚光灯rehearsal试录makeup girl化妆师sound effects 音响效果background music 背景音乐special effects 特技效果广播电视英语词汇术语A Analog 模拟A/D Analog to Digital 模-数转换AAC Advanced Audio Coding 高级音频编码ABB Automatic Black Balance 自动黑平衡ABC American Broadcasting Company 美国广播公司Automatic Bass Compensation 自动低音补偿Automatic Brightness Control 自动亮度控制ABL Automatic Black Level 自动黑电平ABLC Automatic Brightness Limiter Circuit 自动亮度限制电路ABU Asian Broadcasting Union 亚洲广播联盟(亚广联)ABS American Bureau of Standard 美国标准局AC Access Conditions 接入条件Audio Center 音频中心ACA Adjacent Channel Attenuation 邻频道衰减ACC Automatic Centering Control 自动中心控制ACK Automatic Chroma Killer 自动消色器ACP Additive Colour Process 加色法ACS Access Control System 接入控制系统Advanced Communication Service 高级通信业务Area Communication System 区域通信系统ADC Analog to Digital Converter 模-数转换器Automatic Degaussirng Circuit 自动消磁电路ADL Acoustic Delay Line 声延迟线ADS Audio Distribution System 音频分配系统AE Audio Erasing 音频（声音）擦除AEF Automatic Editing Function 自动编辑功能AES Audio Engineering Society 音频工程协会AF Audio Frequency 音频AFA Audio Frequency Amplifier 音频放大器AFC Automatic Frequency Coder 音频编码器Automatic Frequency Control 自动频率控制AFT Automatic Fine Tuning 自动微调Automatic Frequency Track 自动频率跟踪Automatic Frequency Trim 自动频率微调AGC Automatic Gain Control 自动增益控制AI Artificial Intelligence 人工智能ALM Audio-Level Meter 音频电平表AM Amplitude Modulation 调幅AMS Automatic Music Sensor 自动音乐传感装置ANC Automatic Noise Canceller 自动噪声消除器ANT ANTenna 天线AO Analog Output 模拟输出APS Automatic Program Search 自动节目搜索APPS Automatic Program Pause System 自动节目暂停系统APSS Automatic Program Search System 自动节目搜索系统AR Audio Response 音频响应ARC Automatic Remote Control 自动遥控ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange 美国信息交换标准AST Automatic Scanning Tracking 自动扫描跟踪ATC Automatic Timing Control 自动定时控制Automatic Tone Correction 自动音频校正ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode 异步传输模式ATF Automatic Track Finding 自动寻迹ATS Automatic Test System 自动测试系统ATSC Advanced Television Systems Committee （美国）高级电视制式委员会A VC Automatic Volume Control 自动音量控制A VR Automatic Voltage Regulator 自动稳压器AWB Automatic White Balance 自动白平衡AZS Automatic Zero Setting 自动调零BA Branch Amplifier 分支放大器Buffer Amplifier 缓冲放大器BAC Binary-Analog Conversion 二进制模拟转换BB Black Burst 黑场信号BBC British Broadcasting Corporation 英国广播公司BBI Beijing Broadcasting Institute 北京广播学院BC Binary Code 二进制码Balanced Current 平衡电流Broadcast Control 广播控制BCT Bandwidth Compression Technique 带宽压缩技术BDB Bi-directional Data Bus 双向数据总线BER Basic Encoding Rules 基本编码规则Bit Error Rate 比特误码率BF Burst Flag 色同步旗脉冲BFA Bare Fiber Adapter 裸光纤适配器Brillouin Fiber Amplifier 布里渊光纤放大器BGM Background Music 背景音乐BIOS Basic Input／Output System 基本输入输出系统B-ISDN Broadband-ISDN 宽带综合业务数据网BIU Basic Information Unit 基本信息单元Bus Interface Unit 总线接口单元BM Bi-phase Modulation 双相调制BML Business Management Layer 商务管理层BN Backbone Network 主干网BNT Broadband Network Termination 宽带网络终端设备BO Bus Out 总线输出BPG Basic Pulse Generator 基准脉冲发生器BPS Band Pitch Shift 分频段变调节器BSI British Standard Institute 英国标准学会BSS Broadcast Satellite Service 广播卫星业务BT Block Terminal 分线盒、分组终端British Telecom 英国电信BTA Broadband Terminal Adapter 宽带终端适配器Broadcasting Technology Association (日本)广播技术协会BTL Balanced Transformer-Less 桥式推挽放大电路BTS Broadcast Technical Standard 广播技术标准BTU Basic Transmission Unit 基本传输单元BVU Broadcasting Video Unit 广播视频型(一种3/4英寸带录像机记录格式) BW BandWidth 带宽BWTV Black and White Television 黑白电视CA Conditional Access 条件接收CAC Conditional Access Control 条件接收控制CAL Continuity Accept Limit 连续性接受极限CAS Conditional Access System 条件接收系统Conditional Access Sub-system 条件接收子系统CA TV Cable Television 有线电视，电缆电视Community Antenna Television 共用天线电视CAV Constant Angular Velocity 恒角速度CBC Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 加拿大广播公司CBS Columbia Broadcasting System （美国）哥伦比亚广播公CC Concentric Cable 同轴电缆CCG Chinese Character Generator 中文字幕发生器CCIR International Radio Consultative Committee 国际无线电咨询委员会CCITT International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee 国际电话电报咨询委员会CCR CCTV Central Control Room 中心控制室China Central Television 中国中央电视台CCS Close-Circuit T elevision 闭路电视CCU Center Central System 中心控制系统CCW Camera Control Unit 摄像机控制器CD Counter Clock-Wise 反时针方向CDA Compact Disc 激光唱片CD-E Current Dumping Amplifier 电流放大器CDFM CDG Compact Disc Erasable 可抹式激光唱片CD-ROM Compact Disc File Manager 光盘文件管理(程序)CETV Compact-Disc Plus Graphic 带有静止图像的CD唱盘CF Compact Disc-Read Only Memory 只读式紧凑光盘CGA China Educational Television 中国教育电视台CI Color Framing 彩色成帧CIE Color Graphics Adapter 彩色图形(显示)卡CII Common Interface 通用接口CIF Chinese Institute of Electronics 中国电子学会CIS China Information Infrastructure 中国信息基础设施CLV Common Intermediate Format 通用中间格式CM Chinese Industrial Standard 中国工业标准CMTS Constant Linear Velocity 恒定线速度CNR Colour Monitor 彩色监视器CON Cable Modem Termination System 线缆调制解调器终端Carrier-to-Noise Ratio 载噪比CPB Console 操纵台CPU Controller 控制器CRC Corporation of Public Broadcasting （美国）公共广播公司CRCC CRI Central Processing Unit 中央处理单元CROM Cyclic Redundancy Check 循环冗余校验CRT Cyclic Redundancy Check Code 循环冗余校验码CS China Radio International 中国国际广播电台CSC Control Read Only Memory 控制只读存储器CSS Cathode-Ray Tube 阴极射线管Communication Satellite 通信卫星CSU Color Sub-carrier 彩色副载波CT Center Storage Server 中央存储服务器CTC Content Scrambling System 内容加扰系统Channel Service Unit 信道业务单元Color Temperature 色温Cassette Tape Controller 盒式磁带控制器CTE Channel Traffic Control 通道通信量控制Counter Timer Circuit 计数器定时器电路CTV Counter Timer Control 计数器定时器控制CVD Cable Termination Equipment 线缆终端设备CW Customer Terminal Equipment 用户终端设备Color Television 彩色电视China Video Disc 中国数字视盘Carrie Wave 载波DAB Digital Audio Broadcasting 数字音频广播DASH Digital Audio Stationary Head 数字音频静止磁头DAT Digital Audio Tape 数字音频磁带DBMS Data Base Management System 数据库管理系统DBS Direct Broadcast Satellite 直播卫星DCC Digital Compact Cassette 数字小型盒带Dynamic Contrast Control 动态对比度控制DCT Digital Component Technology 数字分量技术Discrete Cosine Transform 离散余弦变换DCTV Digital Color Television 数字彩色电视DD Direct Drive 直接驱动DDC Direct Digital Control 直接数字控制DDE Dynamic Data Exchange 动态数据交换DDM Data Display Monitor 数据显示监视器DES Data Elementary Stream 数据基本码流Data Encryption Standard (美国)数据加密标准DF Dispersion Flattened 色散平坦（光纤）DG Differential Gain 微分增益DI Digital Interface 数字接口DITEC Digital Television Camera 数字电视摄像机DL Delay Line 延时线DLD Dynamic Linear Drive 动态线性驱动DM Delta Modulation 增量调制Digital Modulation 数字调制DMB Digital Multimedia Broadcasting 数字多媒体广播DMC Dynamic Motion Control 动态控制DME Digital Multiple Effect 数字多功能特技DMS Digital Mastering System 数字主系统DN Data Network 数据网络DNG Digital News Gathering 数字新闻采集DNR Digital Noise Reducer 数字式降噪器DOB Data Output Bus 数据输出总线DOCSIS DOC Data Over Cable Service InterfaceSpecifications 有线数据传输业务接口规范DOS Drop Out Compensation 失落补偿DP Disc Operating System 磁盘操作系统Differential Phase 微分相位DPCM Data Pulse 数据脉冲DPL Differential Pulse Code Modulation 差值脉冲编码调制DSB Dolby Pro Logic 杜比定向逻辑DSC Digital Satellite Broadcasting 数字卫星广播DSD Digital Studio Control 数字演播室控制DSE Dolby Surround Digital 杜比数字环绕声DSK Digital Special Effect 数字特技DSP Down-Stream Key 下游键Digital Signal Processing 数字信号处理DSS Digital Sound Processor 数字声音处理器DT Digital Satellite System 数字卫星系统Digital Technique 数字技术Digital Television 数字电视Data Terminal 数据终端DTB Data Transmission 数据传输DTBC Digital Terrestrial Broadcasting 数字地面广播DTC Digital Time-Base Corrector 数字时基校正器DTS Digital Television Camera 数字电视摄像机Digital Theater System 数字影院系统Digital Tuning System 数字调谐系统DVB Digital Television Standard 数字电视标准DVC Digital Video Broadcasting 数字视频广播DVE Digital Video Compression 数字视频压缩DVS Digital Video Effect 数字视频特技DVTR Desktop Video Studio 桌上视频演播(系统)Digital Video Tape Recorder 数字磁带录像机EA Extension Amplifier 延长放大器EB Electron Beam 电子束EBS Emergency Broadcasting System 紧急广播系统EBU European Broadcasting Union 欧洲广播联盟EC Error Correction 误差校正ECN Emergency Communications Network 应急通信网络ECS European Communication Satellite 欧洲通信卫星EDC Error Detection Code 错误检测码EDE Electronic Data Exchange 电子数据交换EDF Erbium-Doped Fiber 掺饵光纤EDFA Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier 掺饵光纤放大器EDL Edit Decision List 编辑点清单EDTV Extended Definition Television 扩展清晰度电视EE Error Excepted 允许误差EFM Eight to Fourteen Modulation 8-14调制EFP Electronic Field Production 电子现场节目制作EH Ethernet Hosts 以太网主机EIN Equivalent Input Noise 等效输入噪声EIS Electronic Information System 电子信息系统EISA Extended Industrial Standard Architecture 扩展工业标准总线EL Electro-Luminescent 场致发光EM Error Monitoring 误码监测EN End Node 末端节点ENG Electronic News Gathering 电子新闻采集EOT End of Tape 带尾EP Edit Point 编辑点Error Protocol 错误协议EPG Electronic Program Guides 电子节目指南EPS Emergency Power Supply 应急电源ERP Effective Radiated Power 有效辐射功率ES Elementary Stream 基本码流End System 终端系统ESA European Space Agency 欧洲空间局ETV Education Television 教育电视Enhanced Television 增强电视FA Facial Animation 面部动画FABM FAS Fiber Amplifier Booster Module 光纤放大器增强模块FC Fiber Access System 光纤接入系统Frequency Changer 变频器Fiber Channel 光纤通道FCC Film Composer 电影编辑系统FD Federal Communications Commission （美国）联邦通信委员会Frequency Divider 分频器FDCT Fiber Duct 光纤管道FDDI FDM Forward Discrete Cosine Transform 离散余弦正变换FDP Fiber Distributed Data Interface 分布式光纤数据接口FE Frequency-Division Multiplexing 频分复用Fiber Distribution Point 光纤分配点FF Front End 前端FG Framing Error 成帧误差FH Fast Forward 快进FIT Frequency Generator 频率发生器FN Frequency Hopping 跳频FOA Frame-Interline Transfer 帧一行间转移FOC Fiber Node 光纤节点Fiber Optic Amplifier 光纤放大器Fiber Optic Cable 光缆FOM Fiber Optic Communications 光纤通信FON Fiber Optic Coupler 光纤耦合器FOS Fiber Optic Modem 光纤调制解调器FOTC Fiber Optic Net 光纤网FS Factor of Safety 安全系数Fiber Optic Trunk Cable 光缆干线Frame Scan 帧扫描FT Frame Store 帧存储器FTP Frame Synchro 帧同步机FTTB France Telecom 法国电信FTTC File Transfer Protocol 文件传输协议FTTH FTTN Fiber-T o-The-Building 光纤到楼FTTO Fiber-T o-The-Curb 光纤到路边Fiber-To-The-Home 光纤到家Fiber-To-The-Node 光纤到节点Fiber-To-The-Office 光纤到办公室GA General Average 总平均值GB Gain Bandwidth 增益带宽GFC Generic Flow Control 一般流量控制GMT Greenwich Mean Time 格林威治标准时间GND Ground 接地GPC General Purpose Computer 通用接口GPIB General Purpose Interface Bus 通用接口总线GPS Global Positioning Satellite 全球定位卫星Global Positioning System 全球定位系统GSM Global System for Mobile Communication 全球移动通信系统GVFS General Video File Server 通用视频文件服务器HA Head Amplifier 前置放大器HB Head Bus 前端总线HC Hierarchical Coding 分层编码HCT Home Communication Terminal 家庭通信终端HD High Definition 高清晰度Horizontal Drive 水平驱动（脉冲）HDM High Density Modulation 高密度调制HDTV High Definition Television 高清晰度电视HDVS High Definition Video System 高清晰度视频系统HF High Frequency 高频HFC Hybrid Fiber Coaxial 光纤同轴电缆混合网HFCT Hybrid Fiber Concentric Twisted Pair Wire 混合光纤同轴双绞线HIS Home Information System 家庭信息系统Hi-Fi High-Fidelity 高保真(度)HPA High Power Amplifier 大功率放大器HPF HQAD High-Pass Filter 高通滤波器HS High Quality Audio Disc 高品位音频光盘HSC Horizon Scanner 水平扫描High Speed Camera System 高速摄像机系统HSDB High Speed Channel 高速信道HT High Speed Data Broadcast 高速数据广播HTT HTTP High Tension 高压HTU Home Television Theatre 家庭电视影院Hyper Text Transmission Protocol 超文本传输协议Home Terminal Unit 家庭终端单元IA Information Access 信息存取IB International Broadcasting 国际广播Interface Bus 接口总线Internal Bus 内部总线IBC Integrated Broadband Communication 综合宽带通信International Broadcasting Center 国际广播中心International Broadcasting Convention (欧洲)国际广播会议IBG Inter Block Gap 字组间隔IC Integrated Circuit 集成电路IDCT Inverse Discrete Cosine Transform 离散余弦逆变换IF Intermediate Frequency 中频IM Interface Module 接口模块IMTV Interactive Multimedia Television 交互式多媒体电视IN Integrated Network 综合网INFO INS Integrated Network Using Fiber Optics 光纤综合网IOCS Information Network System 信息网络系统IOD Input-Output Control System 输入/输出控制系统IP Information On Demand 点播信息Input Power 输入功率IPC Internet Protocol 因特网协议IPD Information Processing Center 信息处理中心IPTC Interactive Program Directory 交互式节目指南IRD International Press Telecommunication Council 国际新闻通信委员会IS Integrated Receiver/Decoder 综合接收机/解码器Information Superhighway 信息高速公路Interactive Service 交互业务ISA International Standard 国际标准ISAN Industry Standard Architecture 工业标准总线Integrated Service Analog Network 综合业务模拟网ISO ISRC International Standard Audiovisual Number 国际标准音视频编号ISSI International Standards Organization 国际标准化组织IT International Standard Recording Code 国际标准记录码ITS Inter-Switching System Interface 交换机间系统接口Interline Transfer 行间转移Insertion Test Signal 插入测试信号ITU Intelligent Traffic System 智能交通系统ITV International Telecommunication Service 国际电信业务International Telecommunications Union 国际电信联盟IU Industrial Television 工业电视IVCS Interactive Television 交互式电视IVDS Information Unit 信息单元IVOD Intelligent Video Conferencing System 智能视频会议系统IVS Interactive Video Data Service 交互视频数据业务Interactive Video On Demand 交互点播电视Interactive Video System 交互视频系统JB Junction Box 接线盒JCTA Japan Cable T elevision Association 日本有线电视协会JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group 联合图片专家组JSB Japan Satellite Broadcasting Inc 日本广播卫星公司KB Keyboard 键盘LAN Local Area Network 局域网LBC Low Bit-rate Coding 低码率编码LC Lossless Coding 无损编码LCD Liquid Crystal Display 液晶显示器Light Coupled Device 光耦合器件LD Laser Diode 激光二极管LDTV Low Definition Television 低分辨率数字电视IED Light-Emitting Diode 发光二极管LF Low Frequency 低频LFE Low Frequency Response 低频响应LFO Low Frequency Oscillator 低频振荡器LI Level Indicator 电平指示器LMDS Local Microwave Distribution System 本地微波分配系统LNA Low Noise Amplifier 低噪声放大器LO Local Oscillator 本地振荡器LPF Low Pass Filter 低通滤波器LRC Longitudinal Redundancy Checking 纵向冗余校验LS Light Source 光源LSD Large Screen Display 大屏幕显示器LSI Large Scale Integrated Circuit 大规模集成电路LSN Local Supervision Network 本地监测网LTC Longitudinal Time Code 纵向时间码LVD Laser Vision Disc 激光电视唱片LVR Laser Video Recording System 激光视盘录制系统MAC Multiplexed Analog Components 复用模拟分量MAN Metropolitan Area Network 都市网MAPI Multimedia Application Programming Interface 多媒体应用编程接口MATV Master Antenna Television 共用天线电视MC Main Control 主控Media Composer 非线性媒体编辑系统Motion Compensation 运动补偿Multimedia Communication 多媒体通信MCI Media Control Interface 媒体控制接口MCPC Multi-Channel Per Carrier 多路单载波MCR Master Control Room 主控制室Mobile Control Room 转播车，移动控制室MD Magnetic Drum 磁鼓MDM Multimedia Data Management 多媒体数据管理MDOP Multimedia Data Operation Platform 多媒体数据操作平台MF Medium Frequency 中频MIC Microphone 传声器，话筒MIDI Musical Instrument Digital Interface 乐器数字接口MMDS Multi-Channel Microwave Distribution System 微波多点分配系统MODEM Modulator And Demodulator 调制解调器MOL Maximum Output Level 最大输出电平MON Monitor 监视器，监听器。
大学英语六级仔细阅读专项强化真题试卷5(题后含答案及解析)
大学英语六级仔细阅读专项强化真题试卷5(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1.What a waste of money! In return for an average of ￡44,000 of debt, students get an average of only 14 hours of lecture and tutorial time a week in Britain. Annual fees have risen from ￡1,000 to ￡9,000 in the last decade, but contact time at university has barely risen at all. And graduating doesn’t even provide any guarantee of a decent job: six in ten graduates today are in non-graduate jobs. No wonder it has become fashionable to denounce many universities as little more than elaborate con-tricks(骗术). There’s a lot for students to complain about: the repayment threshold for paying back loans will be frozen for five years, meaning that lower-paid graduates have to start repaying their loans: and maintenance grants have been replaced by loans, meaning that students from poorer backgrounds face higher debt than those with wealthier parents. Yet it still pays to go to university. If going to university doesn’t work out, students pay very little—if any—of their tuition fees back: you only start repaying when you are earning ￡21,000 a year. Almost half of graduates—those who go on to earn less—will have a portion of their debt written off. It’s not just the lectures and tutorials that are important. Education is the sum of what students teach each other in between lectures and seminars. Students do not merely benefit while at university: studies show they go on to be healthier and happier than non-graduates, and also far more likely to vote. Whatever your talents, it is extraordinarily difficult to get a leading job in most fields without having been to university. Recruiters circle elite universities like vultures(兀鹰). Many top firms will not even look at applications from those who lack a 2.1, i. e., an upper-second class degree, from an elite university. Students at university also meet those likely to be in leading jobs in the future, forming contacts for life. This might not be right, but school-leavers who fail to acknowledge as much risk making the wrong decision about going to university. Perhaps the reason why so many universities offer their students so little is they know studying at a top university remains a brilliant investment even if you don’t learn anything. Studying at university will only become less attractive if employers shift their focus away from where someone went to university—and there is no sign of that happening anytime soon. School-leavers may moan, but they have little choice but to embrace university and the student debt that comes with it.1．What is the author’s opinion of going to university?A．It is worthwhile after all.B．It is simply a waste of time.C．It is hard to say whether it is good or bad.D．It is too expensive for most young people.正确答案：A解析：观点态度题。
常用电视与多媒体词汇
常用电视与多媒体词汇A aerial, antellna 天线A ampere 安培A amplitude振幅，幅度A anslog 模拟A audio音频AAC automatic amplitude control 自动振幅控制ABB automatic black balance 自动黑平衡，ABC automatic background control 自动亮度控制ABC automatic beam cotltrOI 自动电子束控制ABC automatic black control 自动黑电平控制ABC automatic brightness control 自动亮度控制ABL automatic black level 自动黑电平ABL automatic brightness limiter circuit 自动亮度限制电路ABO automatic beam optimum 自动电子束佳化ABU Asian Broadcasting Union 亚洲广播联盟（亚广联）AC alternatingcurrent 交流电AC audio Center 音频中心ACA adjacent channel attenuation 邻频道衰减ACC automatic centering control 自动中心控制ACC automatic chroma control 自动色度（增益）控制ACE audio control erasing 音频控制消磁（迹）ACI adjacent channel interference 令B频道干扰ACK automatic chroma killer 自动消色器ACP additive colour process 力口色法ACR adjacent channel rejection 令B频抑制ACR audio cassette recorder 盒式录音机ACTV advanced compatible television 高级兼容电视A /D analog/Digital 模拟/数字ADA audio distribution amPlifier 音频分配放大器ADC automatic degaussirng circuit 自动消磁电路ADC analog —to —digital converter 模/数转换器ADG automatic degaussing 自动消磁Adj adjustment 调整，校准ADPCM adaptive differential pulse code modulation自适应差分脉冲编码调制ADV advanced超前的，提前的，先进的AES Audio Engineering Society（美国）音频工程协会ALC automatic level cont⑹自动电平控制ALC automatic light control 自动照明控制，自亮度控制ALM Audio level meter 音频电平表AM amplitude modulation 调幅AMP ampere 安培AMP amplifier 放大器AMS automatic music sensor自动音乐传感装置ANC automatic noise canceller 自动噪声消除器ANRS a11tOmaticnoj；creduction system 自动降噪系统ANS automic noise supressor 噪声自动抑制器ANT天线AO audio oscillator 音频振荡器APC autormatic phase control 自动相位控制APL automaticr phase lock 自动锁相APL average picture level 平均图象电平ARC automatic resolution control 自动清晰度控制ARS active repeater satellite 主动式（现，行）中继卫星ASCII American standard code for information interchange美国信息交换标准（ASS audio subsystem 音频子系统ASS（Y） assembly汇编，组件，装配.AST automatic scaning tracking 自动扫描跟踪（磁头）ATC attribute controller 属性控制器ATC automatic timing control 自动定时控制ATC automatic tone correction 自动音频校正ATC automatic tone correction 自动音频校正ATD aUtOmatic tape degausser 磁带自动去磁器ATF automatic track finding 自动磁迹跟踪ATM asynchronous transfer mode 异步传输模式ATRAC adaptive transform acoustic coding 自适应转换声学编码ATS aided tracking system 辅助跟踪系统ATT attachment附件，附属装置AUTO CENT automatic centering 自动中心（会聚）AUTOW / B BAl automatic white black balance 自动白平衡/黑平衡AUX auxiliary辅助的附件AV audio —visual 视听的AF aUdiO frequency 音频AFA audio frequency amplifier 音频放大器AFC automatic frequerncy control 自动频率控制AFG audiO frequency gernerator 音频发生器AFL after fade listeen 衰减（推子）后监听AFM audio frequency modulation 音频调频（信号） AFT automatic fine tuning 自动微调AFT auto matic frequency track 自动频率跟踪AFT automatic frequency trim 自动额率微调AGC automatic gain control 自动增益控制AI appliCatiOn interface 应用接口AIAO a11input ／all 0utput 全进全出AJB audiojackboard 音频插口板AJF audiojackfield 音频插口板 B base 基极 B black 黑色（的） B blanking pulse（复合）消隐脉冲B blue 蓝色（的） B byte 字节BA buffer amplifier 缓冲放大器BAL balance 平衡BAL MOD balance modulator 平衡调制器BATT battery 电池BB baseband 基带BB black burst 黑场信号BBAL black balance 黑平衡BC broadcast 广播BCT bandwidth compression technique 带宽压缩技术BE band elimination 带阻（滤波器）BF bandfilter 频带滤波器BF burst flag 色同步旗（脉冲） BIAS OSC bias oscillator 偏磁振荡器 C CapaCitance 电容 C CapaCitOr 电容器 C chroma 色度，色品 C c0llector 集电极 C Colour 彩色CAM camera 摄象机CAP capstan 主导轴CATV cable television 有线电视，电缆电视CATV central aerial television 共用天线电视CATV Community antenna television 共用天线电视CAV Constant angular velocity 恒定角速度AV average value 平均值AVC automatic volume control 自动音量控制AVD audio video driver 音频视频驱动器AVE audio video engine 音频视频引擎AVK audio video kernel 音频视频核AVL audio vide0 library 音频视频库AVR automatic voltage regulator 自动稳压器AVSS audio video subsystem 音频视频子系统AVSS audio video support system 音频视频支撑系织AWB automatic white balance 自动白平衡AWC automatic white control 自动白电平控制AZC automatic zooming control 自动变焦控制BIOS basic input ／output system 基本输入输出系统B —ISDN broadband—intergrated services digitalnetwork 宽带综合业务数据网BK break —in keying 插入键控BL blanking 消隐BNC 视频插头及座（一种视频标准连接端）BOT beginning of tape 磁带首端，带头BPF band pass filter 带通滤波器BRST broodcast 广播BV breakdown voltage 击穿电压BVU broadcasting video unit 广播视频型（一种3／4 英寸带录象机记录格式）BW bandwidth 频带宽度B／W black／white 黑／白CMC Colour mixture curve 混色曲线CMEX Continuous media extensions to x —windows 连续介质扩展的X 窗口CMYB cyannlagenta yellow blacking 青、紫（品红）、黄、黑（即4：4：4：4 编码）C／N Carrier—to—noise ratio 载噪比CNR Carrier —to—noise ratio 载噪比CO cut out 切断。
推销电视的英语作文
推销电视的英语作文Title: Embracing the Future of Television Entertainment The Ultimate Home Entertainment Experience.In the rapidly evolving world of technology, television has transformed from being a mere source of entertainment to an all-encompassing experience that revolutionizes our understanding of home entertainment. The modern television sets available today are not just screens; they are windows to a world of limitless possibilities, offering a blend of cutting-edge technology, exceptional picture quality, and an array of features that cater to the diverse tastes and preferences of today's consumers.At the forefront of this technological revolution is the Smart TV, a device that seamlessly integrates the best of both worlds the traditional television viewing experience and the convenience of the internet. Smart TVs come equipped with a range of features that make them stand out from the crowd. From voice-activated controls tostreaming services, these televisions offer a personalized experience that caters to the unique needs of each user.Picture quality is perhaps the most crucial aspect of any television set. Modern Smart TVs are equipped with 4K Ultra HD resolution, delivering stunning clarity andvibrant colors that bring the viewer closer to the action. Whether it's the intricate details of a landscape or the subtle expressions of a character, these televisions bring out every nuance with remarkable precision.Moreover, the sound quality of modern Smart TVs is nothing short of exceptional. With advanced audio technologies like Dolby Atmos and DTS-X, these televisions offer immersive sound experiences that put the viewer at the center of the action. Whether it's the thunderous roar of a crowd or the soft whisper of a character, the sound is delivered with remarkable clarity and detail.But the true power of Smart TVs lies in their connectivity and integration with other devices. These televisions are not just screens; they are hubs for allyour home entertainment needs. With built-in Wi-Fi and Bluetooth capabilities, you can easily stream content from your smartphone, tablet, or laptop to the big screen. Whether you're watching a movie, playing a game, or even attending a Zoom meeting, the Smart TV is your perfect companion.Another standout feature of Smart TVs is their ability to access a wide range of streaming services. With appslike Netflix, Amazon Prime Video, Hulu, and Disney+ integrated into the system, you can enjoy a diverse library of content from across the globe. Whether you're a fan of action-packed thrillers, heartwarming dramas, or kid-friendly animations, there's something for everyone on these streaming platforms.Moreover, Smart TVs come with a range of smart features that make them even more convenient to use. Voice-activated controls allow you to search for content, adjust volume, and even control other smart home devices using just your voice. Additionally, with features like universal search, you can easily find the content you're looking for acrossmultiple streaming platforms, saving you the trouble of switching between apps.In conclusion, the modern Smart TV is not just a television set; it's a complete home entertainment solution that offers an unparalleled experience. With its exceptional picture and sound quality, advancedconnectivity features, and access to a wide range of streaming services, it's the perfect choice for anyone looking to upgrade their home entertainment setup. So, why wait? Embrace the future of television entertainment today and experience the ultimate home entertainment experience.。
广电专业英语缩写
A Analog 模拟A/D Analog to Digital 模-数转换AAC Advanced Audio Coding 高级音频编码ABB Automatic Black Balance 自动黑平衡ABC American Broadcasting Company 美国广播公司Automatic Bass Compensation 自动低音补偿Automatic Brightness Control 自动亮度控制ABL Automatic Black Level 自动黑电平ABLC Automatic Brightness Limiter Circuit 自动亮度限制电路ABU Asian Broadcasting Union 亚洲广播联盟(亚广联)ABS American Bureau of Standard 美国标准局AC Access Conditions 接入条件Audio Center 音频中心ACA Adjacent Channel Attenuation 邻频道衰减ACC Automatic Centering Control 自动中心控制Automatic Chroma Control 自动色度(增益)控制ACK Automatic Chroma Killer 自动消色器ACP Additive Colour Process 加色法ACS Access Control System 接入控制系统Advanced Communication Service 高级通信业务Area Communication System 区域通信系统ADC Analog to Digital Converter 模-数转换器Automatic Degaussirng Circuit 自动消磁电路ADL Acoustic Delay Line 声延迟线ADS Audio Distribution System 音频分配系统AE Audio Erasing 音频（声音）擦除AEF Automatic Editing Function 自动编辑功能AES Audio Engineering Society 音频工程协会AF Audio Frequency 音频AFA Audio Frequency Amplifier 音频放大器AFC Automatic Frequency Coder 音频编码器Automatic Frequency Control 自动频率控制AFT Automatic Fine Tuning 自动微调Automatic Frequency Track 自动频率跟踪Automatic Frequency Trim 自动频率微调AGC Automatic Gain Control 自动增益控制AI Artificial Intelligence 人工智能ALM Audio-Level Meter 音频电平表AM Amplitude Modulation 调幅AMS Automatic Music Sensor 自动音乐传感装置ANC Automatic Noise Canceller 自动噪声消除器ANT ANTenna 天线AO Analog Output 模拟输出APS Automatic Program Search 自动节目搜索APPS Automatic Program Pause System 自动节目暂停系统APSS Automatic Program Search System 自动节目搜索系统AR Audio Response 音频响应ARC Automatic Remote Control 自动遥控ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange 美国信息交换标准AST Automatic Scanning Tracking 自动扫描跟踪ATC Automatic Timing Control 自动定时控制Automatic Tone Correction 自动音频校正ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode 异步传输模式ATF Automatic Track Finding 自动寻迹ATS Automatic Test System 自动测试系统ATSC Advanced Television Systems Committee （美国）高级电视制式委员会AVC Automatic Volume Control 自动音量控制AVR Automatic Voltage Regulator 自动稳压器AWB Automatic White Balance 自动白平衡AZC Automatic Zooming Control 自动变焦控制AZS Automatic Zero Setting 自动调零BA Branch Amplifier 分支放大器Buffer Amplifier 缓冲放大器BAC Binary-Analog Conversion 二进制模拟转换BB Black Burst 黑场信号BBC British Broadcasting Corporation 英国广播公司BBI Beijing Broadcasting Institute 北京广播学院BC Binary Code 二进制码Balanced Current 平衡电流Broadcast Control 广播控制BCT Bandwidth Compression Technique 带宽压缩技术BDB Bi-directional Data Bus 双向数据总线BER Basic Encoding Rules 基本编码规则Bit Error Rate 比特误码率BF Burst Flag 色同步旗脉冲BFA Bare Fiber Adapter 裸光纤适配器Brillouin Fiber Amplifier 布里渊光纤放大器BGM Background Music 背景音乐BIOS Basic Input／Output System 基本输入输出系统B-ISDN Broadband-ISDN 宽带综合业务数据网BIU Basic Information Unit 基本信息单元Bus Interface Unit 总线接口单元BM Bi-phase Modulation 双相调制BML Business Management Layer 商务治理层BN Backbone Network 主干网BNT Broadband Network Termination 宽带网络终端设备BO Bus Out 总线输出BPG Basic Pulse Generator 基准脉冲发生器BPS Band Pitch Shift 分频段变谂节器BSI British Standard Institute 英国标准学会BSS Broadcast Satellite Service 广播卫星业务BT Block Terminal 分线盒、分组终端British Telecom 英国电信BTA Broadband Terminal Adapter 宽带终端适配器Broadcasting Technology Association (日本)广播技术协会BTL Balanced Transformer-Less 桥式推挽放大电路BTS Broadcast Technical Standard 广播技术标准BTU Basic Transmission Unit 基本传输单元BVU Broadcasting Video Unit 广播视频型(一种3/4英寸带录像机记录格式) BW BandWidth 带宽BWTV Black and White Television 黑白电视CA Conditional Access 条件接收CAC Conditional Access Control 条件接收控制CAL Continuity Accept Limit 连续性接受极限CAS Conditional Access System 条件接收系统Conditional Access Sub-system 条件接收子系统CATV Cable Television 有线电视，电缆电视Community Antenna Television 共用天线电视CAV Constant Angular Velocity 恒角速度CBC Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 加拿大广播公司CBS Columbia Broadcasting System （美国）哥伦比亚广播公司CC Concentric Cable 同轴电缆CCG Chinese Character Generator 中文字幕发生器CCIR International Radio Consultative Committee 国际无线电咨询委员会CCITT International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee 国际电话电报咨询委员会CCR CCTV Central Control Room 中心控制室China Central Television 中国中央电视台CCS Close-Circuit Television 闭路电视CCU Center Central System 中心控制系统CCW Camera Control Unit 摄像机控制器CD Counter Clock-Wise 反时针方向CDA Compact Disc 激光唱片CD-E Current Dumping Amplifier 电流放大器CDFM CDG Compact Disc Erasable 可抹式激光唱片CD-ROM Compact Disc File Manager 光盘文件治理(程序)CETV Compact-Disc Plus Graphic 带有静止图像的CD唱盘CF Compact Disc-Read Only Memory 只读式紧凑光盘CGA China Educational Television 中国教育电视台CI Color Framing 彩色成帧CIE Color Graphics Adapter 彩色图形(显示)卡CII Common Interface 通用接口CIF Chinese Institute of Electronics 中国电子学会CIS China Information Infrastructure 中国信息基础设施CLV Common Intermediate Format 通用中间格式CM Chinese Industrial Standard 中国工业标准CMTS Constant Linear Velocity 恒定线速度CNR Colour Monitor 彩色监视器CON Cable Modem Termination System 线缆调制解调器终端系统 Carrier-to-Noise Ratio 载噪比CPB Console 操纵台CPU Controller 控制器CRC Corporation of Public Broadcasting （美国）公共广播公司CRCC CRI Central Processing Unit 中心处理单元CROM Cyclic Redundancy Check 循环冗余校验CRT Cyclic Redundancy Check Code 循环冗余校验码CS China Radio International 中国国际广播电台CSC Control Read Only Memory 控制只读存储器CSS Cathode-Ray Tube 阴极射线管Communication Satellite 通信卫星CSU Color Sub-carrier 彩色副载波CT Center Storage Server 中心存储服务器CTC Content Scrambling System 内容加扰系统Channel Service Unit 信道业务单元Color Temperature 色温Cassette Tape Controller 盒式磁带控制器CTE Channel Traffic Control 通道通信量控制Counter Timer Circuit 计数器定时器电路CTV Counter Timer Control 计数器定时器控制CVD Cable Termination Equipment 线缆终端设备CW Customer Terminal Equipment 用户终端设备Color Television 彩色电视China Video Disc 中国数字视盘Carrie Wave 载波DAB Digital Audio Broadcasting 数字音频广播DASH Digital Audio Stationary Head 数字音频静止磁头DAT Digital Audio Tape 数字音频磁带DBMS Data Base Management System 数据库治理系统DBS Direct Broadcast Satellite 直播卫星DCC Digital Compact Cassette 数字小型盒带Dynamic Contrast Control 动态对比度控制DCT Digital Component Technology 数字分量技术Discrete Cosine Transform 离散余弦变换DCTV Digital Color Television 数字彩色电视DD Direct Drive 直接驱动DDC Direct Digital Control 直接数字控制DDE Dynamic Data Exchange 动态数据交换DDM Data Display Monitor 数据显示监视器DES Data Elementary Stream 数据基本码流Data Encryption Standard (美国)数据加密标准DF Dispersion Flattened 色散平坦（光纤）DG Differential Gain 微分增益DI Digital Interface 数字接口DITEC Digital Television Camera 数字电视摄像机DL Delay Line 延时线DLD Dynamic Linear Drive 动态线性驱动DM Delta Modulation 增量调制Digital Modulation 数字调制DMB Digital Multimedia Broadcasting 数字多媒体广播DMC Dynamic Motion Control 动态控制DME Digital Multiple Effect 数字多功能特技DMS Digital Mastering System 数字主系统DN Data Network 数据网络DNG Digital News Gathering 数字新闻采集DNR Digital Noise Reducer 数字式降噪器DOB Data Output Bus 数据输出总线DOCSIS DOC Data Over Cable Service Interface Specifications 有线数据传输业务接口规范DOS Drop Out Compensation 失落补偿DP Disc Operating System 磁盘操作系统Differential Phase 微分相位DPCM Data Pulse 数据脉冲DPL Differential Pulse Code Modulation 差值脉冲编码调制DSB Dolby Pro Logic 杜比定向逻辑DSC Digital Satellite Broadcasting 数字卫星广播DSD Digital Studio Control 数字演播室控制DSE Dolby Surround Digital 杜比数字环绕声DSK Digital Special Effect 数字特技DSP Down-Stream Key 下游键Digital Signal Processing 数字信号处理DSS Digital Sound Processor 数字声音处理器DT Digital Satellite System 数字卫星系统Digital Technique 数字技术Digital Television 数字电视Data Terminal 数据终端DTB Data Transmission 数据传输DTBC Digital Terrestrial Broadcasting 数字地面广播DTC Digital Time-Base Corrector 数字时基校正器DTS Digital Television Camera 数字电视摄像机Digital Theater System 数字影院系统Digital Tuning System 数字调谐系统DVB Digital Television Standard 数字电视标准DVC Digital Video Broadcasting 数字视频广播DVE Digital Video Compression 数字视频压缩DVS Digital Video Effect 数字视频特技DVTR Desktop Video Studio 桌上视频演播(系统)Digital Video Tape Recorder 数字磁带录像机EA Extension Amplifier 延长放大器EB Electron Beam 电子束EBS Emergency Broadcasting System 紧急广播系统EBU European Broadcasting Union 欧洲广播联盟EC Error Correction 误差校正ECN Emergency Communications Network 应急通信网络ECS European Communication Satellite 欧洲通信卫星EDC Error Detection Code 错误检测码EDE Electronic Data Exchange 电子数据交换EDF Erbium-Doped Fiber 掺饵光纤EDFA Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier 掺饵光纤放大器EDL Edit Decision List 编辑点清单EDTV Extended Definition Television 扩展清晰度电视EE Error Excepted 答应误差EFM Eight to Fourteen Modulation 8-14调制EFP Electronic Field Production 电子现场节目制作EH Ethernet Hosts 以太网主机EIN Equivalent Input Noise 等效输入噪声EIS Electronic Information System 电子信息系统EISA Extended Industrial Standard Architecture 扩展工业标准总线EL Electro-Luminescent 场致发光EM Error Monitoring 误码监测EN End Node 末端节点ENG Electronic News Gathering 电子新闻采集EOT End of Tape 带尾EP Edit Point 编辑点Error Protocol 错误协议EPG Electronic Program Guides 电子节目指南EPS Emergency Power Supply 应急电源ERP Effective Radiated Power 有效辐射功率ES Elementary Stream 基本码流End System 终端系统ESA European Space Agency 欧洲空间局ETV Education Television 教育电视Enhanced Television 增强电视FA Facial Animation 面部动画FABM FAS Fiber Amplifier Booster Module 光纤放大器增强模块FC Fiber Access System 光纤接入系统Frequency Changer 变频器Fiber Channel 光纤通道FCC Film Composer 电影编辑系统FD Federal Communications Commission （美国）联邦通信委员会 Frequency Divider 分频器FDCT Fiber Duct 光纤管道FDDI FDM Forward Discrete Cosine Transform 离散余弦正变换FDP Fiber Distributed Data Interface 分布式光纤数据接口Fiber Distribution Point 光纤分配点FE Frequency-Division Multiplexing 频分复用FF Front End 前端FG Framing Error 成帧误差FH Fast Forward 快进FIT Frequency Generator 频率发生器FN Frequency Hopping 跳频FOA Frame-Interline Transfer 帧一行间转移Fiber Optic Amplifier 光纤放大器FOC Fiber Node 光纤节点Fiber Optic Cable 光缆FOM Fiber Optic Communications 光纤通信FON Fiber Optic Coupler 光纤耦合器FOS Fiber Optic Modem 光纤调制解调器FOTC Fiber Optic Net 光纤网Fiber Optic Trunk Cable 光缆干线FS Factor of Safety 安全系数Frame Scan 帧扫描FT Frame Store 帧存储器FTP Frame Synchro 帧同步机FT France Telecom 法国电信FTP File Transfer Protocol 文件传输协议FTTB FTTN Fiber-To-The-Building 光纤到楼FTTC Fiber-To-The-Curb 光纤到路边FTTH Fiber-To-The-Home 光纤到家FTTN Fiber-To-The-Node 光纤到节点FTTO Fiber-To-The-Office 光纤到办公室GA General Average 总平均值GB Gain Bandwidth 增益带宽GFC Generic Flow Control 一般流量控制GMT Greenwich Mean Time 格林威治标准时间GND Ground 接地GPC General Purpose Computer 通用接口GPIB General Purpose Interface Bus 通用接口总线GPS Global Positioning Satellite 全球定位卫星Global Positioning System 全球定位系统GSM Global System for Mobile Communication 全球移动通信系统GVFS General Video File Server 通用视频文件服务器HA Head Amplifier 前置放大器HB Head Bus 前端总线HC Hierarchical Coding 分层编码HCT Home Communication Terminal 家庭通信终端HD High Definition 高清晰度Horizontal Drive 水平驱动（脉冲）HDM High Density Modulation 高密度调制HDTV High Definition Television 高清晰度电视HDVS High Definition Video System 高清晰度视频系统HF High Frequency 高频HFC Hybrid Fiber Coaxial 光纤同轴电缆混合网HFCT Hybrid Fiber Concentric Twisted Pair Wire 混合光纤同轴双绞线HIS Home Information System 家庭信息系统Hi-Fi High-Fidelity 高保真(度)HPA High Power Amplifier 大功率放大器HPF HQAD High-Pass Filter 高通滤波器HS High Quality Audio Disc 高品位音频光盘HSC Horizon Scanner 水平扫描High Speed Camera System 高速摄像机系统HSDB High Speed Channel 高速信道HT High Speed Data Broadcast 高速数据广播HTT HTTP High Tension 高压HTU Home Television Theatre 家庭电视影院Hyper Text Transmission Protocol 超文本传输协议Home Terminal Unit 家庭终端单元IA Information Access 信息存取IB International Broadcasting 国际广播Interface Bus 接口总线Internal Bus 内部总线IBC Integrated Broadband Communication 综合宽带通信International Broadcasting Center 国际广播中心International Broadcasting Convention (欧洲)国际广播会议IBG Inter Block Gap 字组间隔IC Integrated Circuit 集成电路IDCT Inverse Discrete Cosine Transform 离散余弦逆变换IF Intermediate Frequency 中频IM Interface Module 接口模块IMTV Interactive Multimedia Television 交互式多媒体电视IN Integrated Network 综合网INFO INS Integrated Network Using Fiber Optics 光纤综合网IOCS Information Network System 信息网络系统IOD Input-Output Control System 输入/输出控制系统IP Information On Demand 点播信息Input Power 输入功率IPC Internet Protocol 因特网协议IPD Information Processing Center 信息处理中心IPTC Interactive Program Directory 交互式节目指南IRD International Press Telecommunication Council 国际新闻通信委员会IS Integrated Receiver/Decoder 综合接收机/解码器Information Superhighway 信息高速公路Interactive Service 交互业务ISA International Standard 国际标准ISAN Industry Standard Architecture 工业标准总线Integrated Service Analog Network 综合业务模拟网ISO ISRC International Standard Audiovisual Number 国际标准音视频编号ISSI International Standards Organization 国际标准化组织IT International Standard Recording Code 国际标准记录码ITS Inter-Switching System Interface 交换机间系统接口Interline Transfer 行间转移Insertion Test Signal 插入测试信号ITU Intelligent Traffic System 智能交通系统ITV International Telecommunication Service 国际电信业务International Telecommunications Union 国际电信联盟IU Industrial Television 工业电视IVCS Interactive Television 交互式电视IVDS Information Unit 信息单元IVOD Intelligent Video Conferencing System 智能视频会议系统IVS Interactive Video Data Service 交互视频数据业务Interactive Video On Demand 交互点播电视Interactive Video System 交互视频系统JB Junction Box 接线盒JCTA Japan Cable Television Association 日本有线电视协会JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group 联合图片专家组JSB Japan Satellite Broadcasting Inc 日本广播卫星公司KB Keyboard 键盘LAN Local Area Network 局域网LBC Low Bit-rate Coding 低码率编码LC Lossless Coding 无损编码LCD Liquid Crystal Display 液晶显示器Light Coupled Device 光耦合器件LD Laser Diode 激光二极管LDTV Low Definition Television 低分辨率数字电视IED Light-Emitting Diode 发光二极管LF Low Frequency 低频LFE Low Frequency Response 低频响应LFO Low Frequency Oscillator 低频振荡器LI Level Indicator 电平指示器LMDS Local Microwave Distribution System 本地微波分配系统LNA Low Noise Amplifier 低噪声放大器LO Local Oscillator 本地振荡器LPF Low Pass Filter 低通滤波器LRC Longitudinal Redundancy Checking 纵向冗余校验LS Light Source 光源LSD Large Screen Display 大屏幕显示器LSI Large Scale Integrated Circuit 大规模集成电路LSN Local Supervision Network 本地监测网LTC Longitudinal Time Code 纵向时间码LVD Laser Vision Disc 激光电视唱片LVR Laser Video Recording System 激光视盘录制系统MAC Multiplexed Analog Components 复用模拟分量MAN Metropolitan Area Network 都市网MAPI Multimedia Application Programming Interface 多媒体应用编程接口MATV Master Antenna Television 共用天线电视MC Main Control 主控Media Composer 非线性媒体编辑系统Motion Compensation 运动补偿Multimedia Communication 多媒体通信MCI Media Control Interface 媒体控制接口MCPC Multi-Channel Per Carrier 多路单载波MCR Master Control Room 主控制室Mobile Control Room 转播车，移动控制室MD Magnetic Drum 磁鼓MDM Multimedia Data Management 多媒体数据治理MDOP Multimedia Data Operation Platform 多媒体数据操作平台MF Medium Frequency 中频MIC Microphone 传声器，话筒MIDI Musical Instrument Digital Interface 乐器数字接口MMDS Multi-Channel Microwave Distribution System 微波多点分配系统MODEM Modulator And Demodulator 调制解调器MOL Maximum Output Level 最大输出电平MON Monitor 监视器，监听器。
介绍电视功能的英文作文
介绍电视功能的英文作文Television: A Journey into the Realm of Entertainment and Information.Television has evolved from a mere flickering screen to a ubiquitous fixture in our homes, captivating audiences with its immersive experiences and unparalleled reach. Its multifaceted functions extend far beyond entertainment, encompassing a wide spectrum of informational, educational, and social purposes.Entertainment: A Cinematic Gateway.Television serves as a primary source of entertainment, offering a boundless selection of content that caters to diverse tastes. From captivating dramas that transport us to distant worlds and thought-provoking comedies thatignite laughter, to exhilarating sports events that pump adrenaline, television has become an indispensable companion for relaxation and escapism.Information: A Window to the World.Beyond entertainment, television plays a pivotal rolein informing the public. News channels provide real-time updates on current events, keeping us abreast of local, national, and global happenings. Documentaries explore the intricate workings of the world, shedding light on pressing issues and broadening our understanding. Educational programs cater to all ages, offering engaging lessons on countless subjects, from science and history to art and culture.Education: A Virtual Classroom.Television has become a powerful tool for education, extending the reach of knowledge beyond traditional classroom walls. Educational channels broadcast specialized programs that complement formal schooling and provide supplementary learning opportunities. Interactive documentaries allow viewers to explore complex concepts in an engaging and interactive manner. Online learningplatforms leverage television's ubiquitous presence tooffer accessible and flexible education to a global audience.Social Commentary: A Platform for Dialogue.Television serves as a platform for social commentary, fostering dialogue and raising awareness about important issues. News programs analyze current events and provide a forum for experts and the public to engage in meaningful discussions. Talk shows facilitate open conversations on topics ranging from politics and social justice to personal experiences and human interest stories. Documentaries often delve into sensitive subjects, prompting viewers to confront societal challenges and reflect on their own beliefs.Cultural Impact: Shaping Societies.Television has an undeniable impact on our culture and values. Popular shows reflect and shape societal norms, influencing fashion trends, language, and even politicaldiscourse. Educational programs promote cultural understanding and foster appreciation for the diversity of human experiences. Historical documentaries shed light on our collective past, providing a foundation for identity and a sense of belonging.Technology: A Constant Evolution.Television technology has witnessed rapid advancements, constantly enhancing the viewer experience. High-definition displays deliver stunning visuals, while surround sound systems immerse us in the action. Smart TVs connect to the internet, enabling access to streaming services and a vast array of content. Virtual and augmented reality technologies promise to revolutionize television viewing, blurring the lines between reality and entertainment.Conclusion.Television has transformed into a multifaceted marvel that fulfills a myriad of functions. It entertains us with captivating dramas and comedies, informs us with breakingnews and documentaries, educates us with interactive lessons and educational programming, promotes social dialogue with talk shows and documentaries, and shapes our culture through its pervasive influence. As technology continues to push the boundaries of innovation, the future of television holds endless possibilities, further enriching our lives and connecting us to the world around us.。
英语作文-日本广播电视接收设备制造业：传统制造与新兴技术
英语作文-日本广播电视接收设备制造业：传统制造与新兴技术The Japanese broadcasting and television receiving equipment manufacturing industry represents a fascinating intersection of traditional manufacturing techniques and emerging technologies. This sector has evolved significantly over the decades, blending craftsmanship with innovation to meet the demands of modern consumers and industrial applications.Historically, Japan has been renowned for its meticulous approach to manufacturing. Traditional methods emphasize precision, reliability, and durability. These qualities have been crucial in establishing Japan as a global leader in electronics and telecommunications equipment. Companies like Sony, Panasonic, and Sharp have set high standards through their commitment to quality and innovation.In recent years, however, the landscape of manufacturing in Japan has been evolving rapidly due to the integration of new technologies. The advent of digitalization, automation, and artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized production processes. These technologies have enabled manufacturers to enhance efficiency, reduce costs, and shorten production cycles significantly.One of the key advancements in the Japanese broadcasting and television receiving equipment industry is the shift towards smart technologies. Smart TVs, for instance, integrate internet connectivity and interactive capabilities, transforming television sets into multifunctional devices. This evolution has not only enriched user experiences but has also opened new avenues for content delivery and consumer engagement.Moreover, the integration of AI has revolutionized various facets of manufacturing. AI-powered analytics are being utilized to optimize supply chain management, predict maintenance needs, and improve product quality. This proactive approach not only minimizes downtime but also ensures that customers receive products of exceptional quality.Another area of innovation is in the development of eco-friendly technologies. Sustainable manufacturing practices are increasingly becoming a priority for Japanese manufacturers. Energy-efficient designs, recyclable materials, and reduced carbon footprints are now integral considerations in product development. This commitment to sustainability not only aligns with global environmental goals but also enhances brand reputation and consumer trust.Furthermore, Japan continues to lead in research and development within the broadcasting and television equipment sector. Investments in next-generation technologies such as 8K resolution, virtual reality (VR), and augmented reality (AR) are paving the way for future innovations. These technologies promise to deliver immersive viewing experiences and redefine the boundaries of entertainment and communication.In conclusion, the Japanese broadcasting and television receiving equipment manufacturing industry exemplifies a harmonious blend of tradition and innovation. While traditional craftsmanship ensures reliability and precision, emerging technologies are driving unprecedented advancements in functionality and user experience. This evolution underscores Japan's commitment to maintaining its leadership position in the global electronics market. As the industry continues to evolve, stakeholders can anticipate further breakthroughs that will shape the future of broadcasting and television technology worldwide.。
INTERACTIVE TELEVISION SYSTEM
专利名称：INTERACTIVE TELEVISION SYSTEM 发明人：DRAZIN, Jonathan, Peter, Vincent申请号：GB2004002568申请日：20040614公开号：WO04/112394P1公开日：20041223专利内容由知识产权出版社提供摘要：A television system for presenting interactive television services to a user. The system comprises a local memory (146, 152) in which one or more data parameters are stored (143). The system is operable to determine the availability of data from a data source, and capture a first portion of the available data and store it in a first area (151) of the local memory (146, 152). The system uses the parameters (143) stored in the local memory to determine whether the first data portion references a second portion of the available data. In the event that it does, the second portion of the data is captured and also stored in the first area (151) of local memory. The first and second portions of data are processed according to their identities. The processed data is written to a second area (150) of the local memory (146, 152), so that it can be used to present interactive television services to the user.申请人：DRAZIN, Jonathan, Peter, Vincent地址：Coombeside Cottage High Street Whitchurch-on-Thames South Oxfordshire RG8 7EY GB,Coombeside Cottage High Street Whitchurch-on-Thames South Oxfordshire RG8 7EY GB国籍：GB,GB代理机构：MACDOUGALL, Donald, Carmichael 更多信息请下载全文后查看。
Interactive Television
Interactive TelevisionThe Internet is not the only technology that permits interactivity. Cable and satellite also allow viewers to “talk back” to content providers. But it is digital cable television, the delivery of digital images and other information to subscribers, that offers the tru-est form of interactive television. There are 45.7 million digital cable subscribers in the United States. Many digital cable subscribers also use their cable connections to access the Internet. Currently, there are also 46.4 million users with cable modems connect-ing their computers to the Net via a specified Internet service provider, or ISP (NCTA, 2012). As a result, “must-carry” has taken on new meaning in the Internet age, as Congress and the courts deba te cable’s power to grant or limit access to its wires to outside service and content providers and those providers’ right to demand that access.Cable’s digital channels permit multiplexing, carrying two or more different signals over the same channel. This, in turn, is made possible by digital compression, which “squeezes” signals to permit multiple signals to be carried over one channel. Digital compression works by removing redundant information from the transmission of the signal. For example, the set behind two actors in a movie scene might not change for several minutes. So why transmit the information that the set is there? Simply transmit the digital data that indicate what has changed in the scene, not what has not.Th is expanded capacity makes possible interactive cable, that is, the ability of sub-scribers to talk back to the system operator (extra space on the channel is used for this back talk). And this permits the following services, many of which you already use: video-on-demand (VOD), one-click shopping (you see it, you click on it, you buy it),local information on demand (news, traffic, and weather), program interactivity (choose a camera angle, learn more about an actor’s career, play along with game show contestants), interactive progra m guides, and as you’ll read more about in Chapter 9, video games. But it is video-on-demand—the ability to access pay-per-view movies and other content that can be watched at any time—that best shows the economic advantage of putting more control into vie wers’ hands. The VOD business earns the MSOs nearly $1.7 billion a year, a figure destined to grow as today’s 53 million VOD households expand to a predicted 71 million—nearly 60% of all U.S. television homes— by 2016 (Marich, 2011; Steinberg, 2011).Figure 8.5 Where Adult Internet UsersWatchVideo.Source: Online Video Business, 2012.Phone-over-CableAnother service offered by many MSOs is phone service over cable wires. Currently there are 25 million cable-delivered residential telephone subscribers (NCTA, 2012). Phone-over-cable offers a special benefit to MSOs. If telephone service can be deliv-ered by the same cable that brings television into thehome, so too can the Internet. And what’s more, if the cable line is broadband capable of handling digitally com-pressed data, that Internet service can be even faster than the service provided over traditional phone lines. Cable, in other words, can become a one-stop communica-tions provider: television, VOD, audio, high-speed Internet access, long-distance and local phone service, multiple phone lines, and fax. This is bundling.How valuable is a bundle-receiving subscriber to an MSO? Add together the bills you’re probably paying right now—basic or premium cable, your Internet service pro-vider, and your phone bill. What does that total? Now speculate on how much pay-per-view and VOD you might buy now that you have broadband and a superfast cable modem. And what would you pay for home delivery of real-time sports or financial data? And the MSO would collect each time you accessed an interactive classified or commercial ad. That’s how valuable a bundled subscriber will be.Smartphones, Tablets, and TV EverywhereWe’ve already seen that 48% of adult Internet users watch video on mobile devices, and tee ns are its heaviest consumers, watching more than seven hours a month, even paying attention to the commercials (58%; Loechner, 2011b). Smartphones and tablets, just as they have for other media, have made television watching an anywhere, anytime activity. But so have two other developments. The first is the popularity of handheld gaming devices like Nintendo’s Game Boy Advance and Sony’s PlayStation Portable and Vita, all of which can stream video and play video discs or cartridges (Chapter 9). The second is the TV Everywhere Initiative, content providers’ ongoing efforts to make digital on-demand programming available to all mobile devices. Slowed by concerns over pricing, advertising models, audience measurement, and release-of-content strat-egies, its participants include MSOs like Comcast, Dish, and Verizon and broadcast networks like Fox and CBS. In addition, 900 over-the-air commercial and public broad-casters, through the Open Mobile Video Coalition, are working to bring their signals to TV Everywhere. At of the start of 2012, more than 120 stations were providing mobile digital signals to their viewers, a 70% jump from a year earlier (Open Mobile, 2012).Th is mobile viewing activity promises to alter the television/viewer relationship in a way other than mobility. Time with mobile devices is slowly replacing time with the television set. Already, mobile device users spend more time with those devices than in front of a television screen (27% of their media time vs. 22%) and 39% use their mobile devices while watching television (Patel, 2012). In fact, when asked if they would rather give up their smartphone or their television, 58% said they would eliminate television (Edison Research, 2011).。
音视频行业中英文对照
吸声板（acousticpanelabsorber） 指利用隔板作用来吸收从低频到中频的一种吸声器材。当有声波射到吸声板上时，吸声板便会振 动，从而将声能变换为板中小部分的热能。
声学（acoustics） 指专门研究声音的一门科学。也用于指听音场所对声音的吸收反射特性，如“这间听音室的声学 特性良好”。
低音管理（bassmanagement） 指A/V功放接收机或A/V前置放大器中的综合控制电路，系用于确定应该给相应的音箱送去多少 低频信号。
倒相式音箱（bassreflex） 也称倒相式开孔箱，系在音箱面板上开有倒相孔（槽）的一类音箱。由于开有孔，箱内的声音便 可以辐射到外面来。倒相式音箱比密闭式音箱的低频延伸要好些，但低音往往不那么结实紧凑。 比较“无限障板”（infinitebaffle）
声扩散器（acousticdiffuser） 指任何能够扩散声波的材料或器件。
声反馈（acousticfeedback） 音箱发出的声音会使LP唱盘、话筒等拾音设备产生振动，此振动又被变换为电信号，并再次由 音箱重放出来。在这种反馈过程中，振动因自身的反馈而会越来越加强。会场中的扩音设备因音 量过大而发出的啸叫，便是这种声反馈。
HIFI词海大全
AAD 指录音及后期制作皆为模拟（A）方式，而只有制片使用数字（D）方式的CD唱片制作。
A/B试听比较（A/Bcomparison） 指对两种不同的音乐重放方式进行的反复试听比较。
绝对极性（absolutepolarity） 在用绝对极性正确的音响系统播放绝对极性正确的录音制品时，音箱所产生的正向声压便会和原 始声音的正向声压一致。绝对极性不对时，便会有 180°的相位差。对于有些乐器，有些人是能 听出绝对极性的正确与否的。
防滑调整（anti-stateadjustment） 指加装在唱臂上用于调整加在唱臂上的力，从而抵消唱臂会自然内侧滑动的倾向。
广电专业英语缩写
A Analog 模拟A/D Analog to Digital 模-数转换AAC Advanced Audio Coding 高级音频编码ABB Automatic Black Balance 自动黑平衡ABC American Broadcasting Company 美国广播公司Automatic Bass Compensation 自动低音补偿Automatic Brightness Control 自动亮度控制ABL Automatic Black Level 自动黑电平ABLC Automatic Brightness Limiter Circuit 自动亮度限制电路ABU Asian Broadcasting Union 亚洲广播联盟(亚广联)ABS American Bureau of Standard 美国标准局AC Access Conditions 接入条件Audio Center 音频中心ACA Adjacent Channel Attenuation 邻频道衰减ACC Automatic Centering Control 自动中心控制Automatic Chroma Control 自动色度(增益)控制ACK Automatic Chroma Killer 自动消色器ACP Additive Colour Process 加色法ACS Access Control System 接入控制系统Advanced Communication Service 高级通信业务Area Communication System 区域通信系统ADC Analog to Digital Converter 模-数转换器Automatic Degaussirng Circuit 自动消磁电路ADL Acoustic Delay Line 声延迟线ADS Audio Distribution System 音频分配系统AE Audio Erasing 音频（声音）擦除AEF Automatic Editing Function 自动编辑功能AES Audio Engineering Society 音频工程协会AF Audio Frequency 音频AFA Audio Frequency Amplifier 音频放大器AFC Automatic Frequency Coder 音频编码器Automatic Frequency Control 自动频率控制AFT Automatic Fine Tuning 自动微调Automatic Frequency Track 自动频率跟踪Automatic Frequency Trim 自动频率微调AGC Automatic Gain Control 自动增益控制AI Artificial Intelligence 人工智能ALM Audio-Level Meter 音频电平表AM Amplitude Modulation 调幅AMS Automatic Music Sensor 自动音乐传感装置ANC Automatic Noise Canceller 自动噪声消除器ANT ANTenna 天线AO Analog Output 模拟输出APS Automatic Program Search 自动节目搜索APPS Automatic Program Pause System 自动节目暂停系统APSS Automatic Program Search System 自动节目搜索系统AR Audio Response 音频响应ARC Automatic Remote Control 自动遥控ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange 美国信息交换标准AST Automatic Scanning Tracking 自动扫描跟踪ATC Automatic Timing Control 自动定时控制Automatic Tone Correction 自动音频校正ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode 异步传输模式ATF Automatic Track Finding 自动寻迹ATS Automatic Test System 自动测试系统ATSC Advanced Television Systems Committee （美国）高级电视制式委员会AVC Automatic Volume Control 自动音量控制AVR Automatic Voltage Regulator 自动稳压器AWB Automatic White Balance 自动白平衡AZC Automatic Zooming Control 自动变焦控制AZS Automatic Zero Setting 自动调零BA Branch Amplifier 分支放大器Buffer Amplifier 缓冲放大器BAC Binary-Analog Conversion 二进制模拟转换BB Black Burst 黑场信号BBC British Broadcasting Corporation 英国广播公司BBI Beijing Broadcasting Institute 北京广播学院BC Binary Code 二进制码Balanced Current 平衡电流Broadcast Control 广播控制BCT Bandwidth Compression Technique 带宽压缩技术BDB Bi-directional Data Bus 双向数据总线BER Basic Encoding Rules 基本编码规则Bit Error Rate 比特误码率BF Burst Flag 色同步旗脉冲BFA Bare Fiber Adapter 裸光纤适配器Brillouin Fiber Amplifier 布里渊光纤放大器BGM Background Music 背景音乐BIOS Basic Input／Output System 基本输入输出系统B-ISDN Broadband-ISDN 宽带综合业务数据网BIU Basic Information Unit 基本信息单元Bus Interface Unit 总线接口单元BM Bi-phase Modulation 双相调制BML Business Management Layer 商务治理层BN Backbone Network 主干网BNT Broadband Network Termination 宽带网络终端设备BO Bus Out 总线输出BPG Basic Pulse Generator 基准脉冲发生器BPS Band Pitch Shift 分频段变谂节器BSI British Standard Institute 英国标准学会BSS Broadcast Satellite Service 广播卫星业务BT Block Terminal 分线盒、分组终端British Telecom 英国电信BTA Broadband Terminal Adapter 宽带终端适配器Broadcasting Technology Association (日本)广播技术协会BTL Balanced Transformer-Less 桥式推挽放大电路BTS Broadcast Technical Standard 广播技术标准BTU Basic Transmission Unit 基本传输单元BVU Broadcasting Video Unit 广播视频型(一种3/4英寸带录像机记录格式) BW BandWidth 带宽BWTV Black and White Television 黑白电视CA Conditional Access 条件接收CAC Conditional Access Control 条件接收控制CAL Continuity Accept Limit 连续性接受极限CAS Conditional Access System 条件接收系统Conditional Access Sub-system 条件接收子系统CATV Cable Television 有线电视，电缆电视Community Antenna Television 共用天线电视CAV Constant Angular Velocity 恒角速度CBC Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 加拿大广播公司CBS Columbia Broadcasting System （美国）哥伦比亚广播公司CC Concentric Cable 同轴电缆CCG Chinese Character Generator 中文字幕发生器CCIR International Radio Consultative Committee 国际无线电咨询委员会CCITT International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee 国际电话电报咨询委员会CCR CCTV Central Control Room 中心控制室China Central Television 中国中央电视台CCS Close-Circuit Television 闭路电视CCU Center Central System 中心控制系统CCW Camera Control Unit 摄像机控制器CD Counter Clock-Wise 反时针方向CDA Compact Disc 激光唱片CD-E Current Dumping Amplifier 电流放大器CDFM CDG Compact Disc Erasable 可抹式激光唱片CD-ROM Compact Disc File Manager 光盘文件治理(程序)CETV Compact-Disc Plus Graphic 带有静止图像的CD唱盘CF Compact Disc-Read Only Memory 只读式紧凑光盘CGA China Educational Television 中国教育电视台CI Color Framing 彩色成帧CIE Color Graphics Adapter 彩色图形(显示)卡CII Common Interface 通用接口CIF Chinese Institute of Electronics 中国电子学会CIS China Information Infrastructure 中国信息基础设施CLV Common Intermediate Format 通用中间格式CM Chinese Industrial Standard 中国工业标准CMTS Constant Linear Velocity 恒定线速度CNR Colour Monitor 彩色监视器CON Cable Modem Termination System 线缆调制解调器终端系统 Carrier-to-Noise Ratio 载噪比CPB Console 操纵台CPU Controller 控制器CRC Corporation of Public Broadcasting （美国）公共广播公司CRCC CRI Central Processing Unit 中心处理单元CROM Cyclic Redundancy Check 循环冗余校验CRT Cyclic Redundancy Check Code 循环冗余校验码CS China Radio International 中国国际广播电台CSC Control Read Only Memory 控制只读存储器CSS Cathode-Ray Tube 阴极射线管Communication Satellite 通信卫星CSU Color Sub-carrier 彩色副载波CT Center Storage Server 中心存储服务器CTC Content Scrambling System 内容加扰系统Channel Service Unit 信道业务单元Color Temperature 色温Cassette Tape Controller 盒式磁带控制器CTE Channel Traffic Control 通道通信量控制Counter Timer Circuit 计数器定时器电路CTV Counter Timer Control 计数器定时器控制CVD Cable Termination Equipment 线缆终端设备CW Customer Terminal Equipment 用户终端设备Color Television 彩色电视China Video Disc 中国数字视盘Carrie Wave 载波DAB Digital Audio Broadcasting 数字音频广播DASH Digital Audio Stationary Head 数字音频静止磁头DAT Digital Audio Tape 数字音频磁带DBMS Data Base Management System 数据库治理系统DBS Direct Broadcast Satellite 直播卫星DCC Digital Compact Cassette 数字小型盒带Dynamic Contrast Control 动态对比度控制DCT Digital Component Technology 数字分量技术Discrete Cosine Transform 离散余弦变换DCTV Digital Color Television 数字彩色电视DD Direct Drive 直接驱动DDC Direct Digital Control 直接数字控制DDE Dynamic Data Exchange 动态数据交换DDM Data Display Monitor 数据显示监视器DES Data Elementary Stream 数据基本码流Data Encryption Standard (美国)数据加密标准DF Dispersion Flattened 色散平坦（光纤）DG Differential Gain 微分增益DI Digital Interface 数字接口DITEC Digital Television Camera 数字电视摄像机DL Delay Line 延时线DLD Dynamic Linear Drive 动态线性驱动DM Delta Modulation 增量调制Digital Modulation 数字调制DMB Digital Multimedia Broadcasting 数字多媒体广播DMC Dynamic Motion Control 动态控制DME Digital Multiple Effect 数字多功能特技DMS Digital Mastering System 数字主系统DN Data Network 数据网络DNG Digital News Gathering 数字新闻采集DNR Digital Noise Reducer 数字式降噪器DOB Data Output Bus 数据输出总线DOCSIS DOC Data Over Cable Service Interface Specifications 有线数据传输业务接口规范DOS Drop Out Compensation 失落补偿DP Disc Operating System 磁盘操作系统Differential Phase 微分相位DPCM Data Pulse 数据脉冲DPL Differential Pulse Code Modulation 差值脉冲编码调制DSB Dolby Pro Logic 杜比定向逻辑DSC Digital Satellite Broadcasting 数字卫星广播DSD Digital Studio Control 数字演播室控制DSE Dolby Surround Digital 杜比数字环绕声DSK Digital Special Effect 数字特技DSP Down-Stream Key 下游键Digital Signal Processing 数字信号处理DSS Digital Sound Processor 数字声音处理器DT Digital Satellite System 数字卫星系统Digital Technique 数字技术Digital Television 数字电视Data Terminal 数据终端DTB Data Transmission 数据传输DTBC Digital Terrestrial Broadcasting 数字地面广播DTC Digital Time-Base Corrector 数字时基校正器DTS Digital Television Camera 数字电视摄像机Digital Theater System 数字影院系统Digital Tuning System 数字调谐系统DVB Digital Television Standard 数字电视标准DVC Digital Video Broadcasting 数字视频广播DVE Digital Video Compression 数字视频压缩DVS Digital Video Effect 数字视频特技DVTR Desktop Video Studio 桌上视频演播(系统)Digital Video Tape Recorder 数字磁带录像机EA Extension Amplifier 延长放大器EB Electron Beam 电子束EBS Emergency Broadcasting System 紧急广播系统EBU European Broadcasting Union 欧洲广播联盟EC Error Correction 误差校正ECN Emergency Communications Network 应急通信网络ECS European Communication Satellite 欧洲通信卫星EDC Error Detection Code 错误检测码EDE Electronic Data Exchange 电子数据交换EDF Erbium-Doped Fiber 掺饵光纤EDFA Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier 掺饵光纤放大器EDL Edit Decision List 编辑点清单EDTV Extended Definition Television 扩展清晰度电视EE Error Excepted 答应误差EFM Eight to Fourteen Modulation 8-14调制EFP Electronic Field Production 电子现场节目制作EH Ethernet Hosts 以太网主机EIN Equivalent Input Noise 等效输入噪声EIS Electronic Information System 电子信息系统EISA Extended Industrial Standard Architecture 扩展工业标准总线EL Electro-Luminescent 场致发光EM Error Monitoring 误码监测EN End Node 末端节点ENG Electronic News Gathering 电子新闻采集EOT End of Tape 带尾EP Edit Point 编辑点Error Protocol 错误协议EPG Electronic Program Guides 电子节目指南EPS Emergency Power Supply 应急电源ERP Effective Radiated Power 有效辐射功率ES Elementary Stream 基本码流End System 终端系统ESA European Space Agency 欧洲空间局ETV Education Television 教育电视Enhanced Television 增强电视FA Facial Animation 面部动画FABM FAS Fiber Amplifier Booster Module 光纤放大器增强模块FC Fiber Access System 光纤接入系统Frequency Changer 变频器Fiber Channel 光纤通道FCC Film Composer 电影编辑系统FD Federal Communications Commission （美国）联邦通信委员会 Frequency Divider 分频器FDCT Fiber Duct 光纤管道FDDI FDM Forward Discrete Cosine Transform 离散余弦正变换FDP Fiber Distributed Data Interface 分布式光纤数据接口Fiber Distribution Point 光纤分配点FE Frequency-Division Multiplexing 频分复用FF Front End 前端FG Framing Error 成帧误差FH Fast Forward 快进FIT Frequency Generator 频率发生器FN Frequency Hopping 跳频FOA Frame-Interline Transfer 帧一行间转移Fiber Optic Amplifier 光纤放大器FOC Fiber Node 光纤节点Fiber Optic Cable 光缆FOM Fiber Optic Communications 光纤通信FON Fiber Optic Coupler 光纤耦合器FOS Fiber Optic Modem 光纤调制解调器FOTC Fiber Optic Net 光纤网Fiber Optic Trunk Cable 光缆干线FS Factor of Safety 安全系数Frame Scan 帧扫描FT Frame Store 帧存储器FTP Frame Synchro 帧同步机FT France Telecom 法国电信FTP File Transfer Protocol 文件传输协议FTTB FTTN Fiber-To-The-Building 光纤到楼FTTC Fiber-To-The-Curb 光纤到路边FTTH Fiber-To-The-Home 光纤到家FTTN Fiber-To-The-Node 光纤到节点FTTO Fiber-To-The-Office 光纤到办公室GA General Average 总平均值GB Gain Bandwidth 增益带宽GFC Generic Flow Control 一般流量控制GMT Greenwich Mean Time 格林威治标准时间GND Ground 接地GPC General Purpose Computer 通用接口GPIB General Purpose Interface Bus 通用接口总线GPS Global Positioning Satellite 全球定位卫星Global Positioning System 全球定位系统GSM Global System for Mobile Communication 全球移动通信系统GVFS General Video File Server 通用视频文件服务器HA Head Amplifier 前置放大器HB Head Bus 前端总线HC Hierarchical Coding 分层编码HCT Home Communication Terminal 家庭通信终端HD High Definition 高清晰度Horizontal Drive 水平驱动（脉冲）HDM High Density Modulation 高密度调制HDTV High Definition Television 高清晰度电视HDVS High Definition Video System 高清晰度视频系统HF High Frequency 高频HFC Hybrid Fiber Coaxial 光纤同轴电缆混合网HFCT Hybrid Fiber Concentric Twisted Pair Wire 混合光纤同轴双绞线HIS Home Information System 家庭信息系统Hi-Fi High-Fidelity 高保真(度)HPA High Power Amplifier 大功率放大器HPF HQAD High-Pass Filter 高通滤波器HS High Quality Audio Disc 高品位音频光盘HSC Horizon Scanner 水平扫描High Speed Camera System 高速摄像机系统HSDB High Speed Channel 高速信道HT High Speed Data Broadcast 高速数据广播HTT HTTP High Tension 高压HTU Home Television Theatre 家庭电视影院Hyper Text Transmission Protocol 超文本传输协议Home Terminal Unit 家庭终端单元IA Information Access 信息存取IB International Broadcasting 国际广播Interface Bus 接口总线Internal Bus 内部总线IBC Integrated Broadband Communication 综合宽带通信International Broadcasting Center 国际广播中心International Broadcasting Convention (欧洲)国际广播会议IBG Inter Block Gap 字组间隔IC Integrated Circuit 集成电路IDCT Inverse Discrete Cosine Transform 离散余弦逆变换IF Intermediate Frequency 中频IM Interface Module 接口模块IMTV Interactive Multimedia Television 交互式多媒体电视IN Integrated Network 综合网INFO INS Integrated Network Using Fiber Optics 光纤综合网IOCS Information Network System 信息网络系统IOD Input-Output Control System 输入/输出控制系统IP Information On Demand 点播信息Input Power 输入功率IPC Internet Protocol 因特网协议IPD Information Processing Center 信息处理中心IPTC Interactive Program Directory 交互式节目指南IRD International Press Telecommunication Council 国际新闻通信委员会IS Integrated Receiver/Decoder 综合接收机/解码器Information Superhighway 信息高速公路Interactive Service 交互业务ISA International Standard 国际标准ISAN Industry Standard Architecture 工业标准总线Integrated Service Analog Network 综合业务模拟网ISO ISRC International Standard Audiovisual Number 国际标准音视频编号ISSI International Standards Organization 国际标准化组织IT International Standard Recording Code 国际标准记录码ITS Inter-Switching System Interface 交换机间系统接口Interline Transfer 行间转移Insertion Test Signal 插入测试信号ITU Intelligent Traffic System 智能交通系统ITV International Telecommunication Service 国际电信业务International Telecommunications Union 国际电信联盟IU Industrial Television 工业电视IVCS Interactive Television 交互式电视IVDS Information Unit 信息单元IVOD Intelligent Video Conferencing System 智能视频会议系统IVS Interactive Video Data Service 交互视频数据业务Interactive Video On Demand 交互点播电视Interactive Video System 交互视频系统JB Junction Box 接线盒JCTA Japan Cable Television Association 日本有线电视协会JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group 联合图片专家组JSB Japan Satellite Broadcasting Inc 日本广播卫星公司KB Keyboard 键盘LAN Local Area Network 局域网LBC Low Bit-rate Coding 低码率编码LC Lossless Coding 无损编码LCD Liquid Crystal Display 液晶显示器Light Coupled Device 光耦合器件LD Laser Diode 激光二极管LDTV Low Definition Television 低分辨率数字电视IED Light-Emitting Diode 发光二极管LF Low Frequency 低频LFE Low Frequency Response 低频响应LFO Low Frequency Oscillator 低频振荡器LI Level Indicator 电平指示器LMDS Local Microwave Distribution System 本地微波分配系统LNA Low Noise Amplifier 低噪声放大器LO Local Oscillator 本地振荡器LPF Low Pass Filter 低通滤波器LRC Longitudinal Redundancy Checking 纵向冗余校验LS Light Source 光源LSD Large Screen Display 大屏幕显示器LSI Large Scale Integrated Circuit 大规模集成电路LSN Local Supervision Network 本地监测网LTC Longitudinal Time Code 纵向时间码LVD Laser Vision Disc 激光电视唱片LVR Laser Video Recording System 激光视盘录制系统MAC Multiplexed Analog Components 复用模拟分量MAN Metropolitan Area Network 都市网MAPI Multimedia Application Programming Interface 多媒体应用编程接口MATV Master Antenna Television 共用天线电视MC Main Control 主控Media Composer 非线性媒体编辑系统Motion Compensation 运动补偿Multimedia Communication 多媒体通信MCI Media Control Interface 媒体控制接口MCPC Multi-Channel Per Carrier 多路单载波MCR Master Control Room 主控制室Mobile Control Room 转播车，移动控制室MD Magnetic Drum 磁鼓MDM Multimedia Data Management 多媒体数据治理MDOP Multimedia Data Operation Platform 多媒体数据操作平台MF Medium Frequency 中频MIC Microphone 传声器，话筒MIDI Musical Instrument Digital Interface 乐器数字接口MMDS Multi-Channel Microwave Distribution System 微波多点分配系统MODEM Modulator And Demodulator 调制解调器MOL Maximum Output Level 最大输出电平MON Monitor 监视器，监听器。
广播电视名词术语中英文对照
广播电视名词术语中英文对照通用部分广播broadcasting 节目输入设备programme input equipment电视television 广播网络broadcasting network无线电视radio broadcasting 控制室control room有线广播wired broadcasting 制作控制室production control room卫星广播satellite broadcasting 监测monitor (to)声音广播sound broadcasting 电平监测level monitoring电视广播television broadcasting 提示指令cue调幅广播AM broadcasting 混合mix (to)调频广播FM broadcasting 闭路closed circuit实况广播live broadcast 节目信号线programme line直播direct broadcast 峰值音量表peak programme meter录播recorded broadcast 听觉加权网络aural sensitivity network节目信号programme signal 源信号source signal电视广播通用部分电视television 兼容性compatibility黑白电视black-white televisionmenochrome television NTSC制彩色电视NTSC colour television system彩色电视colour television PAL制彩色电视PAL colour television system电视制式television system SECAM制彩色电视SECAM colour television system电视标准television standard 亮度通道luminance channel扫描scanning 亮度陷波luminance notchKell系数Kell factor 色度通道chrominance channel扫描点scanning spot 色度chrominance扫描速度scanning speed 色度分量chrominance components扫描行scanning line 色度轴chrominance axis光栅raster 色度基色chrominance primary行频line frequency 亮度轴luminance axis逐行扫描sequential scanning 亮度基色luminance primary隔行扫描interlaced scanning 亮度系数luminance coefficients隔点扫描dot interlaced scanning 零相位基准zero phase reference帧频frame frequency 传送基色transmission primaries场field 分辨率匹配acuity matching场频field frequency 显示基色display primaries同步synchronism 色坐标变换colour coordinate transformation正程trace 立体电视stereoscopic television逆程flyback,retrace 高清晰电视HDTV (high definition television)同步传声sound-in sync 共用天线电视（CA TV）CA TV（common antenna television）伴音蜂音buzz-on-sound,intercarrier buzz 有线电视CATV (cable television)顺序制彩色电视sequential colour television 图文电视teletext同时制彩色电视simultaneous colour television 静止图象广播still picture broadcasting恒定亮度传送constant luminance transmission 多路伴音电视TV with multi-channel sound 电视广播视觉与图像质量图像picture 行（场）非线性line(field)non-linearity像素picture element,pixel(pel) 图像滑动picture slip宽高比aspect ratio （图像）撕裂tearing清晰度（分辨力）definition 锯齿失真serration分辨力resolution 图像滚动picture roll孔阑校正aperture correction （图像）晃动jitter余晖失真aferglow distortion 成帧framing亮度luminance （画面）胀缩breathing对比度contrast ratio 画框safeareaγ（伽马）gamma 亮度闪烁luminance flickerγ校正gamma correction 色度闪烁chromaticity flicker灰度级grey scale 彩色闪烁colour flicker灰度级失真grey scale distortion 彩色镶边colour fringing底色失真shading 颜色污染colour contamination斑点stain 亮串色cross-colour模糊blurring 亮串色杂波cross-colour noise杂散光flare 色纯度purity拖尾streaking(smearing) 标准白standard white波纹干扰moire 参考白reference white浮雕效应plastic effect(relief effect) 白色光轨迹achromatic locus并行现象pairing,twinning 灰度级跟踪grey scale tracking重影，多重影ghost,multiple image 行蠕动（爬行）line crawl,venetian-blind effect阻尼振荡ringing 光点图样dot pattern过白? whiter than white 点整流dot rectification杂波noise 视觉惰性visual persistence,persistence交流声条hum bars 适应性adaptability几何失真geometrical distorition电视广播信号及其特性彩色图像信号colour picture signal 插入测试信号insertion test signal(ITS)同步信号synchronizing signal 场同步信号field synchronizing signal色同步信号colour burst 齿脉冲serration pulse,broad pulse全电视信号composite signal 均衡脉冲equalizing pulse视频信号video signal 行（场）推动信号line(field)drive signal视频频带video frequency band 伴音载频sound carrier frequency已调图像信号modulated vision signal 图像载频vision carrier frequency消隐blanking 行时间波形失真line time distortion消隐电平blanking level 场时间波形失真field time distortion黑电平black level 亮度信号luminance signal同步电平sync level 亮度差值信号luminance difference signal白电平white level 色度信号chrominance signal同步峰值peak sync 混合高频分量mixed highs峰值白电平peak white U 信号U signal平均图像电平average picture-signal level(APL) V 信号V signal消隐台阶pedestal lift 色差信号colour difference signal图像直流分量ponent 色度副载波chrominance subcarrier钳位脉冲clamping pulse 三基色信号tristimulus signal黑电平漂移black level shift 色度副载波基准chrominance subcarrier reference行同步信号line synchronizing signal R、G、B黑电平R.G.B.black level前肩front porch R、G、B峰值电平R.G.B.peak level后肩back porch 色同步信号门脉冲burst gating pulse缓冲段breeze way 色度-亮度时延差chrominance-luminance delay inequality消隐期间blanking interval 色度-亮度增益差chrominance-luminance gain inequality行消隐期间line blanking period 微分增益differential gain行正程期间active line period 微分相位differential phase场消隐期间field blanking interval 正交串扰quadrature crosstalk电视广播技术正（负）极性振幅调制positive(negative) amplitude modulation 台从锁相genlock (to)直流传送d.c. transmission 台主锁相slavelock (to)交流传送a.c. transmission 划变wipe钳位clamping 内键internal key(overlay)直流恢复d.c. restoration 外键external key(inlay)黑电平校准black-level alignment 色键chroma key水平（垂直）弓形校正horizontal (vertical) bow correction 白平衡white balance水平（垂直）梯形校正horizontal (vertical) keystone correction 色同步消隐burst blanking 水平（垂直）枕形／桶形校正horizontal (vertical) pincushion/barrel correction 延迟线PAL(PAL-D) delay-line PAL(PAL-D)行（场）锯齿（抛物）校正horizontal(vertical) sawtooth(parabolic correction 标准PAL standard PAL杂散光校正flare correction 锁相同步flywheel synchronization勾边crispening 定时timing光点摆动spot wobble 定相phasing逆程消隐flyback blanking 消磁degaussing载频偏置carrier-offset 冻结freezing内置波伴音方式intercarrier sound 数字特技DVE(digital video effect)彩色校正colour masking电视广播电视设备显象管picture tube 同步恢复器sync regenerator投影电视机projection television receiver 电视标准转换器television standers converter磁带录象机video tape recorder 制式转换器transcoder电视电影设备telecine equipment 屏幕分割开关split screen switch电视影片telefilm 三色摄象机trichromatic camera电视接收机television receiver 修饰滤色片trimming filter摄象机信道camera channel 分色镜、分色滤色器dichroic mirror, dichroic filter电视摄象机television camera 重合registration摄象管camera tube 总黑电平控制master black centrol光影象optical image 总增益控制master gain control氧化铅摄象管plumbicon 编码器coder硅靶管silicon target camera tube 色度调制器chrominance modulator飞点扫描管flying spot tube 三管彩色投影机trinoscope光电阴极photo-cathode 彩色编码器、解码器彩色编码器、解码器靶target 色度解调器chrominance demodulator信号板signal plate 消色器colour killer偏转线圈deflection coils 自动色度控制automatic chrominance control (ACC)同步脉冲发生器sync pulse generator 色饱和度控制saturation control ,colour intensity control行[场]分频器line (field) divider 色调控制hue control同步分离器sync separator 彩色显象管colour picture tube电子束开关管beam switching tube 荫罩彩色显象管shadow-mask tube色纯度控制磁铁colour purity magnet 数字时基校正器digital time base corrector(DTBC)会聚convergence 帧存储器frame memory静态会聚static convergence 帧同步器frame synchronizer,framestore synchronizer动态会聚dynamic convergence 数字式降噪器DNR (digital noise reducer)。
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Teacher: Rebecca Hincks Name: Antonia LindmarkProgram: Media-02Mail: antonial@kth.se Interactive Television Systems –A Technology That Offers New Ways ofWatching TVAbstractInteractive television system, also called iTV, is a technique for delivering new services and functions for the television. Even though iTV can be defined in many different ways, the main thought is to create different kind of interaction. The purpose of this paper is to describe this technology. With iTV the user can for example stop a live broadcast and continue to watch later on, change camera angle, get more information about programs and advertisement, write e-mails, order products, vote and play games. These are only some of the possible field of applications.Today millions of household have access to iTV and it is likely that the number of users will continue to grow in the future. The technology is developing fast and for basic interaction the user will only need a telephone. For more advanced services the user needs to connect a set top box, which is a small computer, to the television.Enormous changes in the media industry have created new demands, which iTV can respond to.Table of contents:1 Introduction (1)2 Definition of interactive television systems (1)2.1 Field of applications (1)3 The technology behind interactive television systems (2)4 The future (4)4.1 Future employment (4)4.2 Problems (4)4.3 How the media industry will be effected (5)5 Conclusion (5)References (7)1 IntroductionThe interactive television, also called iTV, was introduced and tested during the 1990s. However, it did not become popular straight away, probably due to the fact that the technology had not yet been adjusted in accordance with consumers´ preferences. Although the interactivity was very advanced and offered a great width of services, an ordinary television could not handle all these services and expansive technology was necessary. Today millions of households have access to iTV (Loizides 2005) and the different services that can be delivered are developing.The purpose of this paper is to describe this new technology. First of all a definition of interactive television systems will be presented and the different fields of application will be discussed. It will be followed by a description of the technology that is necessary and how interactive television systems work. Finally there is a discussion about how these technologies can be used in the future and what obstacles have to be defeated.2 Definition of interactive television systemsAn interactive television system, which I will further refer to as iTV, is a term that is defined in many different ways. The most fundamental definition is that the system offers the user a two-way communication. The difference, compared to traditional TV, is that iTV technically offers a return channel from the user to the source of information. Today already, there are a lot of different ways to create this return channel, which will offer different degrees of interaction (Jensen 2005, p.90).2.1 Field of applicationsiTV will enable its viewers to use their televisions for many interesting fields of application, such as personalizing the content, internet browsing, games, shopping, banking and interactive advertisement. iTV is a way of enhancing the television experience, by adding extra information and letting the user decide how to watch the programs.The field of applications can be divided into two groups:•When the user interacts without returning any information.This is a basic form of iTV, which makes it possible to pause a live broadcastedprogram, record it and then continue to watch later on. The user can also, forexample, change camera angle. The offering of programs is the same, but the viewercan decide how to watch it. These functions are already well developed and in use.• A two-way communication.This permits the viewers to interact, for example, through voting by making phonecalls or sending in messengers with sms. We have seen that this is very popular inshows like “American Idol”, where millions of people vote to influence the result. Itwill also be possible to order products with the remote control. A more advancedform of iTV includes that the viewer can participate in creating the content, forexample choosing how a movie will end. This kind of interaction is difficult toproduce and is not yet so developed (Pagani 2003 p.112).It is not only the viewers who will profit from this newtechnology. This is a great opportunity for advertisers toshow interactive commercials. The most promising, and alsothe most revolutionary, field of application for them includesthe possibility for the viewer to get more information aboutthe products in the advertisement and even order it (seefigure 1). iTV will also enable the advertiser to adapt the Figure 1. Interactive TV : QVC (UK) advertisement after the customers. It will be possible to see 'Buy Now' Service exactly what each of every one of the viewers is watching. The choice of programs will be noted and analysed. In this way advertisers will be able to show advertisement to the right target audience.3 The technology behind interactive television systemsIt is possible to use iTV with analogue technologies but it is within the digital television systems that iTV is offered today. The reason for this is because digital systems, both with cable and satellite, can offer many more functions than the analogue systems. I will here present some basic knowledge about digital television and thereafter describe components that are necessary to enable interactive television.3.1 Digital televisionDigital television, DTV, refers to broadcasting of television where digital modulation and compression are used. A great advantage with digital signals is that they can be very compressed, which will make place for more channels.DTV can be distributed through terrestrial, cable, satellite and Internet channels. When the connection is bad, analogue systems will show a granular television picture, which will neverbe the case while using digital systems. If the connection is very bad, you might howeverprefer analogue systems, since both picture and sound can disappear in this situation with digital systems.3.2 ComponentsA return channel, also called upstream, is necessary to create a two-way communication (Pagani 2003). The simplest way of generating a return channel is to use the telephone to send sms or phone with. The user can in that way influence the contents of the program.To get more advanced iTV, a normal television is used together with a digital adapter, such asa set top box or a decoder, which is an advanced digital box(Pagani 2003). The set top box isa multimedia computer, which provides the user with many different sorts of interaction,while connected to the television. Like any computer, the set top box has all the standard computer components (Borko 1996). Some new television models have an integrated set top box (Pagani 2003).A special remote control can be used to interact and navigate between the different screens. With more interaction, the interface of the remote control has to develop. Now whentelevision is making such big changes, the remote control must change as well to satisfy thenew demands. A problem with the remote control is that a whole household shares one control. This has to change, since every viewer should be able to have their own settings.A keyboard can also be used if a lot of typing is requested (Anxo &Riccardo 2004), for example when writing e-mails, shopping or makingadjustments of different kinds (see figure 2). Figure 2. Set top box, remotecontrol and keyboard.4 The futureThe way in which we consume media is changing fast. It can be seen, not only in the television industry, but also in the music- and newspaper area. This paper has shown that iTV offers many new services, but the question is whether there is a need for them.4.1 Future employmentWith most new technologies, the success depends upon three factors: cost, content availability and functionality. The cost factor refers to the fact that new technology tends to be rather expensive and mostly technology interested persons will buy it. When it gets cheaper it is more likely that many people will consume it. In the 1990s, when the iTV was introduced, it was expensive since a special kind of television was needed. Today, this has changed and more low-cost technologies, or technology that the users already possess, are used instead. The content availability refers to how wide the content is. iTV has today a broad range of services to offer, but will most probably evolve in the future and be able to offer further services, which might entice more users. Finally the functionality aims at what functions the technology offers. With iTV, new experiences are created when the viewer can change camera angle, influence the content of a program or order products with only a click on the remote control (Loizides 2005). These factors show that the conditions for iTV in the future are pretty good.Many countries plan to shut down the analogue nets for broadcasting and only use digital signals instead. Digital signals make room for many more channels, which will create new needs. With a couple of hundred of channels it will be very hard for the viewer to create a general view of the offering of programs without using iTV.Most money is to be found in the field of application that concerns interactive advertisement and new ways for the advertiser to find appropriate target groups for their products. This is a big and influential group that will work hard for making iTV popular.4.2 ProblemsA sensitive issue related to this new technology is the question about privacy. Will people accept the fact that someone can see exactly what programs they are watching, and with thatinformation analyse what kind of products they might want to buy? There has been a similar discussion with the surfing on Internet. People have realized that they are always watched on the Internet and everything they do can be found out with the right technology. Most users have accepted this fact, but it does not mean that they are willing to let someone start controlling their television habits in the same way. The information that is stored can be very precise and show exactly what was happening in a program just before there was a switch to another channel for example. Even if you choose not to order products from your television or getting more info about advertisements, you are still interacting with your television. Every click on the remote control will send information about what the user watches; information that can be analysed and used in marketing purposes (Burke 2000).Another barrier is that the viewer will need a set top box for more advanced interaction. It is always hard to get consumers to buy new devices. A way of solving this is to let the viewer get adapted to interactive services in a slow manner. If the viewer starts to interact in ways that a traditional television can handle, it will be a smaller step to buy a set top box to get further interactive services.4.3 How the media industry will be effectedToday, we can see that different media technologies are melting together. The user wants as few devices as possible and at the same time as many functions as possible. For example mobile phones are nowadays often equipped with cameras and music players. We can see the same trend when we study the development of television. Salesmen of commercials for television have to start looking at how they can benefit from this new kind of TV. They will probably have to find new ways of selling commercials since it with iTV will be easier for the viewer to skip the commercials. There will most likely emerge new forms of advertisement, where it is easier to reach the right target group.5 ConclusionAccording to the information presented in this paper, it seems like iTV will spread pretty fast. It will probably be a part of every day life and change the way we think about television. There has already been a success when letting the viewer use the mobile phone as a returnchannel to vote in live broadcast. This clearly demonstrates that people are keen to show their opinion; so keen that they are willing to pay for itThere are a lot of fields of application and a lot of money involved in the development of the iTV. When people get used to interact with their televisions, more functions and ways of interactions will evolve. Nevertheless, a slow adaptation will probably be necessary.Many forms of media are coming together and in the future there might be a magic box that provides us with entertainment, music, news and communication; a box for all of our needs.ReferencesAnxo Cereijo Roibás & Riccardo Sala.“Main HCI Issues for the Design of Interfaces for Ubiquitous Interactive Multimedia Broadcast”. Interactions/march, april 2004. Borko, Furht. “Interactive Television Systems”. Multimedia Laboratory, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida 33431. 1996.Burke, David. “Spy TV”. Slab-O-Concrete Publications. 2000.Jensen F. Jens. “Interactive Television: New Genres, New Format, New Content”.Proceedings of the Second Australasian Conference on InteractiveEntertainment, Sydney, Australia. ISBN 0-9751533-2-3/05/11Loizides, Lydia. “Interactive TV: Dispelling Misconceptions in the Media”. Paphion, Inc.ACM Computers in Entertainment, Vol. 3, No. 1, January 2005, Article 7a Pagani, Margherita. “Multimedia and Interactive Digital TV: Managing Opportunities Created by Digital Convergence”. Hershey, PA, USA: Idea Group Inc. IRM Press. 2003. References to figuresFigure 1:Shadbolt, Matthew. “Project : Interactive TV : QVC(UK) Buy Now Service”. 2006.<http://www.google.se/imgres?imgurl=/user_files/individual_files/79 447_u3matci2_F0xkmfSOb5rXLXWg.jpg&imgrefurl=/public/ portfolio_file.asp%3Ft%3D%26order_no%3D4%26user_id%3D79447&h=400&w=500&sz= 39&hl=sv&start=1&tbnid=_wkcDppapdnfhM:&tbnh=104&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq% 3Dinteractive%2Btelevision%2BQVC%2BOR%2BActive%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dsv% 26lr%3D%26sa%3DG>(25 September 2006)Figure 2:Kokmak, Michael. ”PowerTV Becomes a Trojan Horse of iTV”. Response Magazine. 2000.<http://images.google.se/imgres?imgurl=/articles/images/i nteractive-tv-H1.jpg&imgrefurl=/articles/29-30-powertv-itv.html&h=67&w=130&sz=7&hl=sv&start=31&tbnid=0zTH_1aTgqjD8M:&tbnh=47&tbnw =91&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dinteractive%2Btelevision%2Bad%26start%3D20%26ndsp%3D 20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Dsv%26lr%3D%26sa%3DN >(25 September 2006)。