In D. de Waard, K.A. Brookhuis, S.M. Sommer, & W.B. Verwey (eds.), Human Factors in the Age

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Tess of the d’Urbervilles 介绍

Tess of the d’Urbervilles  介绍

Major works
Under the Greenwood Tree
•The Woodlanders (1887) Far from the Madding Crowd (1874)
The Return of the Native (1878)
•Wessex Tales (1888)
•The Mayor of Casterbridge (1886)
Contents
• Brief Introduction • Major Works
Brief Introduction
• Born: 2 June 1840 • Died: 11 January 1928 • Occupation : architect
writer (Naturalist, Novelist, Poet, and Short Story writer) • a famous critical realistic writer • the last important novelist of the Victorian age
• At the age of 16, he became apprenticed to a local architect, but he gave up architecture in 1874.
• Because of marriage, he began to write poems and novels, which idealized the rural life.
的人》
mainly talk about romantic love stories.
3.Novels of Ingenuity
(机巧和实验小说 )

新教材高中英语UNIT4Meetingthemuse单元达标检测含解析外研版选择性必修第一册

新教材高中英语UNIT4Meetingthemuse单元达标检测含解析外研版选择性必修第一册

UNIT 4 Meeting the muse单元达标检测第一部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

ATate Modern,London,UKTogether with three other Tate museums, Tate Modern located in London is a national museum of international modern art. It is one of the largest museums of modern and contemporary art in the world. Most of the exhibit items are open to the public for free,only charging for major temporary(临时的) exhibitions.The Louvre,Paris,FranceIt is the world's largest and most visited art museum and a historical landmark of Paris. Housed in the Louvre Palace,the museum has been added to many times since its opening in 1793. Its glass pyramid in the main courtyard was designed by Chinese American architect Ieoh Ming Pei,and it later became a signature design of the museum, appearing in the hit thriller The Da Vinci Code starring Tom Hanks and Audrey Tautou.National Museum of China, Beijing, ChinaNear Tiananmen Square in Beijing, it's one of the largest museums in the world and the second-most visited art museum in the world, just after the Louvre. Covering a time span from the Yuanmou Man of 1.7 million years ago to the Qing Dynasty, the museum houses around 1.05 million items—many cannot be found in museums elsewhere.State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, RussiaThe State Hermitage Museum is the second-largest art museum in the world. The public can visit five of the main buildings:Winter Palace, Small Hermitage, Old Hermitage, New Hermitage and Hermitage Theatre.Frequently seen in pop culture, it often appears as a setting for films, TV series, novels and even video games.1.Tate Modern, London, UK is attractive partly in that .A.it is a national museum with three branchesB.entry to most of its exhibitions is free of chargeC.its exhibitions range from ancient art to modern artD.visitors can purchase some wonderful exhibit items2.What do we know about the Louvre?A.It often serves as a setting for films.B.It stays the same as it was when first built.C.It is the most visited art museum in the world.D.It was designed by a Chinese American architect.3.Which museum displays unique items from the Yuanmou Man?A.Tate Modern, London, UK.B.The Louvre, Paris, France.C.National Museum of China, Beijing, China.D.State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia.BI turned 8 years old the day I skipped school for the first time. It was easily done: Both my parents left for work before my school bus arrived on weekdays, so when it showed up at my house on that cold winter morning, I simply did not get on. The perfect crime!And what did I do with myself on that glorious stolen day, with no adult in charge and no limits on my activities? Did I get high?Nope. I built a warm fire in the wood stove, prepared a bowl of popcorn, grabbed a blanket, and read. I was thrilled at a book—it was Hemingway's The Sun Also Rises —and I just needed to be alone with it for a little while. I ached to know what would happen to Jake Barnes and Lady Brett Ashley and Robert Cohn. I couldn't bear the thought of sitting in a classroom taking another exam when I could be traveling through Spain in the 1920s with a bunch of expatriates (侨民).I spent that day lost in words. Time fell away, as the room around me turned to mist, and my role—as a daughter, sister, teenager, and student—in the worldno longer had any meaning. I had accidentally come across the key to perfect happiness: I had become completely absorbed in something I loved.Looking back on it now, I can see that some subtle things were happening to my mind and to my life while I was in that state of absorption. Hemingway's language was quietly braiding itself into my imagination. I was downloading information about how to create simple and elegant sentences, a good and solid plot. In other words, I was learning how to write. Without realizing it, I was hot on the trail of my own fate. Writing now absorbs me the way reading once did and happiness is their generous effect.4.Why did the author skip school on that day?A.Because her parents left home early.B.Because it was a biting cold winter morning.C.Because she was fascinated by a novel.D.Because she was anxious to take the exam.5.What did the author think is the source of true joy?A.Reading fiction by the fire.B.Traveling with a bunch of expatriates.C.Breaking the rules and regulations.D.Being occupied by one's passion.6.Which can best replace the underlined phrase “braiding itself into” in the last paragraph?A.Entering.B.Destroying.C.Mending.D.Blocking.7.What can we infer from the passage?A.The author was tired of her roles in real life.B.Writing has a horrible effect on the author's life now.C.The author often skipped school when she was 8 years old.D.Becoming a writer is the author's childhood dream.CArtist Zsudayka Nzinga Terrell clearly remembers the day in high school when the teacher asked her to write about her family history. She saw that it was impossible to answer the questions “Who am I?” and “Where did I come from?”Nzinga Terrell told VOA about her childhood memories. “So the white kids were able to get up and talk about hundreds of years of their background. And there was me and one other black kid in the class who could go back to a plantation in Virginia and that's it.” She talked about her family's history. “My people were brought here at the bottom of a ship. And they were sold and they were re-named. My dad's side of the family took the last name from the job that they had, which is Butler. My mom's side of the family took the last name from the plantation that owned them.”Today, she and her husband, artist James Terrell, explore that identity in their work. Their new exhibit of paintings is called “Born at the Bottom of the Ship.” The show recently opened at the Center for the Arts in Manassas, Virginia.Over the generations, Africans became African Americans with a new culture, and Nzinga Terrell includes different parts of that story in her art. There are things that look like African cloth and design and things that make you think of American culture and clothing.James Terrell's style is more abstract. Mami Wata, the first painting visitors see in the new exhibit, shows a woman rising from the ocean. Terrell explains the painting, “Mami Wata is a goddess of the sea... There's no light going through; there's not a lot of color being seen, as opposed to the other ones. So, it's just showing the time of the slaves being brought to America.”But the artist says he also likes to play with color. Growing up, Terrell attended a church with colored glass in many windows. Because of that experience, he learned how light goes through the windows. He makes lines in his painting that look like the lines between pieces of colored glass in the church windows.Terrell's works show how he sees himself as an African American. Visitors to the art exhibit say they see themselves and their family members in the works.8.Young Nzinga Terrell's memory of her family history can date back to .A.the time when slaves were sold and re-namedB.the time when she was born at the bottom of a shipC.the time when the black slaves were brought to AmericaD.the time when her family worked on a plantation in Virginia9.How did Nzinga Terrell's father get his family name?A.It was named after a plantation.B.It was named after their owner's name.C.It was named after the job the family did.D.It was named long ago after a place in Africa.10.What's the painting Mami Wata like?A.It's typical of native American style.B.It reflects a dark time of the black slaves.C.It's abstract with rich and bright colors.D.It describes a church James once attended.11.How does the visitors probably feel seeing Terrell's works?A.Strange.B.Curious.C.Depressed.D.Moved.DJason Barnes is a young musician who lives in Georgia. Eight years ago, Jason lost his right arm just below his elbow in an accident. Jason got a prosthetic (假体的) arm. But this arm could only do a few things. Jason still wanted to play music. So he went to see Gil Weinberg, who makes musical robots. To play the piano, Jason needed five fingers that could move just the way he wanted. This was a big challenge.Living arms move when muscles respond to commands from the brain. When you think “open fingers”, your brain sends electrical signals along nerves. Some prosthetic arms use sensors (传感器) to try to read these nerve signals. But they don't work very well. Nerves are tiny, and their signals are faint. Sensors might be able to tell that you want to move a finger. But they aren't very good at telling which finger you want to move.Jason doesn't have his hand anymore, but he still has the arm muscles that move his fingers. When Jason thinks about moving his fingers, those muscles stillmove. To read the muscles inside Jason's arm, the team used ultrasound (超声波). The roboticists taught a computer to read the ultrasound sensor as Jason thought about moving his fingers. The computer learned which muscles moved when Jason wanted his fingers to move in a certain way. Thinking about moving his fingers makes the muscles in his upper arm move. The computer sees the moving muscles and tells the motors in Jason's robotic fingers to move the right way.The team hopes the “Skywalker hand”, their prosthesis, will someday work as well as a real hand. The sensors, motors, and computers inside the hand are not complex. But they need to get smaller and cheaper before lots of these hands can be made. Weinberg and his team are working on this right now. Soon, they hope that anyone who loses a hand will be able to get a new robotic one with five fingers that they can move just by thinking.12.Why did Jason visit Weinberg?A.To save his own life.B.To learn to play music.C.To study musical robots.D.To replace his prosthetic arm.13.What does the underlined word “faint” in Paragraph 2 mean?A.Specific.B.Weak.C.Stable.D.Predictable.14.What makes the invention of the robotic hand possible?A.Moving muscles are simpler to spot than nerves.B.Nerve searching techniques have developed fast.C.Ultrasound sensors vary from finger to finger.D.Motors are much quicker to operate.15.What do Weinberg and his team expect of the “Skywalker hand”?A.It'll be easy to make.B.It'll be customer-friendly.C.It'll be better than real hands.D.It'll be controlled by computers.第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Tess of the D'Urbervilles(德伯家的苔丝)

Tess of the D'Urbervilles(德伯家的苔丝)

Tess of the D’UrbervillesTess of the D’Urbervilles is Thomas Hardy’s most famous novel. The heroine, Tess, is figured with pure and beauty. She was born in a poor village family. One day, her father knows that he is the offspring of the D’Urbervilles, an old aristocratic family. Persuaded by her mother, Tess goes to claim kindred with a prosperous D’Urbervilles family. Unfortunately, she is seduced by Alec,the son in that pseudo D’Urbervilles family, and conceived a child. After giving birth to a child who dies in infancy, Tess leaves home and works at a diary farm. She meets Angel, son of a clergyman, at there. They fall in love with each other, and then they get married. On their wedding night, Tess tells Angel the suffering about what Alec do to her. After hearing Tess’confession, Angel leaves her for Brazil mercilessly. Privation forces Tess to work at a farm. She becomes weak and sick. At that time, Tess meets Alec again. Alec becomes a pastor. Tess’beauty had quite turned his head. So he tries to woo Tess, despite his faith and duty. Her father’s death and the family change impel Tess to ask Alec for help. So she becomes Alec’s mistress. When Angel comes back to make up with Tess, she is so sorrowful. Her remorse and resentment drive her to kill Alec. In the end, Tess is arrested, and hanged. Just like the book said: “The gods had finished playing with Tess.” Tragedy comes to an end.Tess of the D’Urbervilles is a novel which revealing the consciousness of feminism. And Tess is a girl filling with spirit of resistance in English Victorian age. At that time, women had little social status and were regarded as inferior than men. When Tess is no longer virginal, she is the only one suffering blame. But the real guilty man, Alec, is free from criticism. People are likely to pin the blame on women.A cynic like Angel is no exception. The prejudice to female makes him abandon Tess, despite his making the same mistake as Alec and Tess. It is obviously unequal, let alone Tess is forced.But Tess has high self-esteem. Although she is not a nobleman, she has the noble personalities.After Alec seduces her, she can live affluently life by being Alec’s wife. But shedoesn’t subdue herself to marry a man whom she dislikes. She would rather live in village relying on her own efforts. Even if Tess loses her virginity, the essence of her spirit is still pure and immaculate.In the whole novel Tess of the D’Urbervilles, Thomas Hardy focuses on Tess’downfall. Her parent’s indifference, husband’s abandoned and evil deceptions ruin her life. She is considered as a criminal woman. However, under Thomas Hardy’s pen, Tess is not a sinner but a pure woman who has self-respect, fortitudinous, brave self-sacrifice and independent. She is the daughter of nature. Her noble personalities get the better of the others. Thomas Hardy shows his respect to Tess, at the same time, he shows his sympathy to all the women in the real life. This impure society, argues Hardy,” punishes the honest and the conscientious.” It is the awareness of feminism. His Tess inspirits women to win their rights. Her tragedy strongly accuses that evil capitalist society.。

阿什杜德是哪个国家港口

阿什杜德是哪个国家港口

阿什杜德是哪个国家港口
阿什杜德港是以色列的第二大港口,新扩建的以色列阿什杜德港项目,主要用于集装箱、杂货以及散货的进出口,位于以色列首都特拉维夫以南40 km的城市ASHDOD。

阿什杜德港属亚热带地中海式气候,盛行东南风。

夏季平均气温为31℃,最高达44℃冬季平均气温10℃,最低达3℃。

全年降雨量约700mm。

平均潮高:高潮为0.6m,低潮为0.1m。

港口由两条防波堤环抱,一条长2200m,另一条长900m。

港区主要码头泊位有8个,岸线长1370m,最大水深为12m,其中包括集装箱和滚装泊位。

装卸设备有各种岸吊、抓斗吊、浮吊、集装箱吊、铲车及滚装设施等,其中浮吊最大起重能力达80吨。

码头有转运货栈4万平方米,露天货栈2万平方米,露天堆场面积达18.4万平方米。

1992年集装箱吞吐量为18.1万TEU。

本港主要进出特拉维夫一雅法的外贸物资,还出口附近地区的柑桔等农产品和内地矿产品。

莎士比亚戏剧人物关系的“延异”问题

莎士比亚戏剧人物关系的“延异”问题

• 148 •
西北大学学报(哲学社会科学版)2021年第4期
受哈尔,就好像福斯塔夫是一扇窗,向我们敞开了对哈尔王子的认知时空;哈尔全然沉溺于和福斯塔夫 的交往中,他们一起放荡不羁,一起醉生梦死。而在《亨利四世》的下篇中,哈尔却在逐步摆脱福斯塔夫 的干扰,勇气和担当重新回归,他甚至主动反思自己不堪的过去,后悔和福斯塔夫之间的荒唐行为。最 初貌似稳固的关系在情节叙事的推移中潜伏着变化的可能,当哈尔决意放弃福斯塔夫这个所谓的朋友 时,他就已经完全脱离了原有的自我。这种断然的放弃不是简单的关系选择,不是或是或非的二元判 定,而是哈尔在认识他者的同时认识自己,透过他者眼中的自己而重新审视和评价自己。在建构人物关 系的过程中,哈尔的人物形象由哈尔和福斯塔夫的胶着状态而定义;在解构人物关系的过程中,哈尔的 人物形象由哈尔放弃福斯塔夫的友人身份而改变;在重构人物关系的过程中,哈尔的人物形象由自身的 道德和责任而转向。
二、莎剧人物关系的延异思考
莎翁一生代表作众多,为前赴后继的学者们着迷的是,究竟什么样的人物才可以被贴上莎士比亚式 人物的标签?无可否认的是,莎士比亚戏剧中的人物无论何时重读,都不是形单影只,他/她一定身处在 一种关系联结中;就某一个主要人物而言,他/她身边的某一具体关系可能时而牢固、时而悬搁、时而断 裂。当牢固时,主人公具有清晰的自我关照,他们透过这层关系加深对自我的认识和剖析,在自我不断 发展的过程中表现出对自身行为的准确判断和掌控;当悬搁时,他们纠结、彷徨、无措,遭受各种力量的 羁绊和巨大的精神困扰;当断裂时,迷惘徘徊的主人公往往迅速坠入未知的深谷,他们在放弃关系对方 的同时,实际上也决然放弃了原有的自己。
曹苦男
(西北大学外国语学院,陕西西安710127)
摘要:莎士比亚戏剧中饱满的人物形象是文学评论家们反复研究的主题。基于解 构主义视角,借用德里达(Jacques Derrida)的延异观来探索莎剧人物关系中的变化张力和 他性叙写,是走入莎翁戏剧的另一种方式。延异的客体身份让我们深切感受到人物关系 在往复迂回中的胶着与撕裂,而远距生成的力量则为读者开放了体味人物关系的差异态 度和诗性居所,文本的细读方式成为对一切已知的批判和挑战 。

ThomasHardy简介

ThomasHardy简介

哈代(1840~1928)英国诗人、小说家。

他是横跨两个世纪的作家,早期和中期的创作以小说为主,继承和发扬了维多利亚时代的文学传统;晚年以其出色的诗歌开拓了英国20世纪的文学。

哈代1840年6月2日生于英国西南部的一个小村庄,毗邻多塞特郡大荒原,这里的自然环境日后成了哈代作品的主要背景。

他的父亲是石匠,但爱好音乐。

父母都重视对哈代的文化教育。

1856年哈代离开学校,给一名建筑师当学徒。

1862年前往伦敦,任建筑绘图员,并在伦敦大学进修语言,开始文学创作。

Thomas Hardy was born on June 2, 1840, in Higher Bockhampton in Dorset, a rural region of southwestern England that was to become the focus of his fiction. His father , who likes music very much, was a stonemason. Hardy parents attached great importance to his education. Being the child of a builder, Hardy left school and apprenticed at the age of sixteen to John Hicks, an architect who lived in the city of Dorchester. The location would later serve as the model for Hardy’s fictional Casterbridge. In 1862, Hardy went to London served as architectural draftsman. And studied language at London University, meanwhile,he began his writing.哈代的文学生涯开始于诗歌,后因无缘发表,改事小说创作。

新视野大学英语第三版读写教程第二册Unit4翻译

新视野大学英语第三版读写教程第二册Unit4翻译

U4 AHeroes among us我们身边的英雄Who's a hero these days? In an era of heightened heroism, the word hero has become more common. We use hero to describe both victims and survivors of all kinds of difficulties and tragedies. Who are the heroes among us?谁是当今的英雄?在一个英雄主义发扬光大的时代,“英雄”一词已经变得更加常见。

我们把各种困难和悲剧的受害者和幸存者都称为“英雄”。

那么,我们身边哪些人是英雄呢?In the days subsequent to a mass shooting in Tucson, Arizona, many described 20-year-old political associate Daniel Hernandez as a hero. During the horrible shooting, he courageously ran through the danger to save the life of one of the victims, his boss and friend, congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords. Daniel held her head up so she could breathe and applied pressure to her wounds. He spoke tender words of sympathy, telling her that he would find her husband and her parents and that everything would be fine. And he never left her side, staying beside her in the ambulance all the way to the hospital.在亚利桑那州图森市枪击案发生后的日子里,许多人都把20 岁的政界同事丹尼尔•赫尔南德兹描述为英雄。

a-dill-pickle

a-dill-pickle

About the Text
Word Study
➢ loathe: hate sth very much Expansion: the synonyms of a word which are in meaning, e.g. to dislike (to loathe); to like (to adore); small (tiny); big (huge, enormous, immense, colossal); sure (positive); possible (probable); to surprise (to stun; to shock); angry (furious); hungry (famished); tired (exhausted); pleased (overjoyed); interesting (fascinating); many (numerous); fine (excellent; superb); poor (destitute); old (ancient)
➢ pagoda n. religious building on Asia, usu a tall tower with several stories each of which has its own overhanging roof
About the Text
Word Study
➢ infuriate: vt. make sb extremely angry e.g. I was infuriated by/with their constant criticism. It infuriated me to think of the money we’ve wasted. infuriating adj. very annoying e.g. It was infuriating to be so close and get unable to contact them.

Thomas-Hardy的英文简介

Thomas-Hardy的英文简介

Thomas Hardy (1840-1904)Thomas Hardy was born at Higher Bockhampton, Dorset, on June 2, 1840, where his father worked as a master mason and builder. From his father he gained an appreciation of music, and from his mother an appetite for learning and the delights of the countryside about his rural home.Hardy was frail as a child, and did not start at the village school until he was eight years old. One year later he transferred to a new school in the county town of Dorchester.At the age of 16 Hardy helped his father with thearchitectural drawings for a restoration of Woodsford Castle.The owner, architect James Hicks, was impressed by the younger Hardy's work, and took him on as an apprentice.Hardy later moved to London to work for prominent architect Arthur Blomfield. He began writing, but his poems were rejected by a number of publishers. Although he enjoyed life in London, Hardy's health was poor, and he was forced to return to Dorset.In 1870 Hardy was sent to plan a church restoration at St. Juliot in Cornwall. There he met Emma Gifford, sister-in-law of the vicar of St.Juliot. She encouraged him in his writing, and they were married in 1874.Hardy published his first novel, Desperate Remedies in 1871, to universal disinterest. But the following year Under the Greenwood Tree brought Hardy popular acclaim for the first time. As with most of his fictional works, Greenwood Tree incorporated real places around Dorset into the plot, including the village school of Higher Bockhampton that Hardy had first attended as a child.The success of Greenwood Tree brought Hardy a commission to write a serialized novel, A Pair of Blue Eyes, for Tinsley's Magazine. Once more Hardy drew upon real life, and the novel mirrors his own courtship of Emma.Hardy followed this with Far From the Madding Crowd, set in Puddletown (renamed Weatherby), near his birthplace. This novel finally netted Hardy the success that enabled him to give up his architectural practice and concentrate solely on writing.The Hardys lived in London for a short time, then in Yeovil, then in Sturminster Newton (Stourcastle), which Hardy described as "idyllic". Itwas at Sturminster Newton that Hardy penned Return of the Native, one of his most enduring works.Finally the Hardys moved to Dorchester, where Thomas designed their new house, Max Gate, into which they moved in 1885. One year later Hardy published The Mayor of Casterbridge, followed in 1887 by The Woodlanders and in 1891 by one of his best works, Tess of the d'Urbervilles.Tess provoked interest, but his next work, Jude the Obscure (1896), catapulted Hardy into the midst of a storm of controversy. Jude outraged Victoria morality and was seen as an attack upon the institution of marriage. Its publication caused a rift between Thomas and Emma, who feared readers would regard it as describing their own marriage.Of course the publicity did no harm to book sales, but reader's hid the book behind plain brown paper wrappers, and the Bishop of Wakefield burned his copy! Hardy himself was bemused by the reaction his book caused, and he turned away from writing fiction with some disgust.For the rest of his life Hardy focussed on poetry, producing several collections, including Wessex Poems (1898).Emma Hardy died in November 1912, and was buried in Stinsford churchyard. Thomas was stricken with guilt and remorse, but the result was some of his best poetry, expressing his feelings for his wife of 38 years.All was not gloom, however, for in 1914 Hardy remarried, to Florence Dugdale, his secretary since 1912. Thomas Hardy died on January 11, 1928 at his house of Max Gate in Dorchester. He had expressed the wish to be buried beside Emma, but his wishes were only partly regarded; his body was interred in Poet's Corner, Westminster Abbey, and only his heart was buried in Emma's grave at Stinsford.A rumor has persisted since Hardy's death that it is not the author's heart that was buried beside Emma. The story goes that Hardy's housekeeper placed his heart on the kitchen table, where it was promptly devoured by her cat. Apparently a pig's heart was used to replace Hardy's own. Truth? Fiction? We will probably never know.English poet and regional novelist, whose works depict the imaginary county "Wessex" (=Dorset). Hardy's career as writer spanned over fifty years. His earliest books appeared when Anthony Trollope (1815-82) wrote his Palliser series, and he published poetry in the decade of T.S. Eliot'sThe Waste Land. Hardy's work reflected his stoical pessimism and sense of tragedy in human life."Critics can never be made to understand that that the failuremay be greater than the success... To have the strength toroll a stone weighting a hundredweight to the top of amountain is a success, and to have the strength to roll a stoneof then hundredweight only halfway up that mount is a failure.But the latter is two or three times as strong a deed." (Hardyin his diary, 1907)Thomas Hardy's own life wasn't similar to his stories. He was born on the Egdon Heath, in Dorset, near Dorchester. His father was a master mason and building contractor. Hardy's mother, whose tastes included Latin poets and French romances, provided for his education. After schooling in Dorchester Hardy was apprenticed to an architect. He worked in an office, which specialized in restoration of churches. In 1874 Hardy married Emma Lavinia Gifford, for whom he wrote 40 years later, after her death, a group of poems known as VETERIS VESTIGIAE FLAMMAE (Vestiges of an Old Flame).At the age of 22 Hardy moved to London and started to write poems, which idealized the rural life. He was an assistant in the architectural firm of Arthur Blomfield, visited art galleries, attended evening classes in French at King's College, enjoyed Shakespeare and opera, and read works of Charles Darwin, Herbert Spencer, and John Stuart Mills, whose positivism influenced him deeply. In 1867 Hardy left London for the family home in Dorset, and resumed work briefly with Hicks in Dorchester. He entered into a temporary engagement with Tryphena Sparks, asixteen-year-old relative. Hardy continued his architectural work, but encouraged by Emma Lavinia Gifford, he started to consider literature as his "true vocation."Unable to find public for his poetry, the novelist George Meredith advised Hardy to write a novel. His first novel, THE POOR MAN AND THE LADY, was written in 1867, but the book was rejected by many publishers and he destroyed the manuscript. His first book that gained notice, was FAR FROM THE MADDING CROWD (1874). After its success Hardy was convinced that he could earn his living as an author. He devoted himself entirely to writing and produced a series of novels, among them THE RETURN OF NATIVE (1878), THE MAYOR OF CASTERBRIDGE (1886).TESS OF THE D'URBERVILLES (1891) came into conflict with Victorian morality. It explored the dark side of his family connections in Berkshire. In the story the poor villager girl Tess Durbeyfield is seduced by the wealthy Alec D'Uberville. She becomes pregnant but the child dies ininfancy. Tess finds work as a dairymaid on a farm and falls in love with Angel Clare, a clergyman's son. They marry but when Tess tells Angel about her past, he hypocritically desert her. Tess becomes Alec's mistress. Angel returns from Brazil, repenting his harshness, but finds her living with Alec. Tess kills Alec in desperation, she is arrested and hanged.Hardy's JUDE THE OBSCURE (1895) aroused even more debate. The story dramatized the conflict between carnal and spiritual life, tracing Jude Fawley's life from his boyhood to his early death. Jude marries Arabella, but deserts her. He falls in love with his cousin, hypersensitive Sue Bridehead, who marries the decaying schoolmaster, Phillotson, in a masochist fit. Jude and Sue obtain divorces, but their life together deteriorates under the pressure of poverty and social disapproval. The eldest son of Jude and Arabella, a grotesque boy nicknamed 'Father Time', kills their children and himself. Broken by the loss, Sue goes back to Phillotson, and Jude returns to Arabella. Soon thereafter Jude dies, and his last words are: "Wherefore is light given to him that is in misery, and life unto the bitter in soul?".In 1896, disturbed by the public uproar over the unconventional subjects of two of his greatest novels, Tess of the D'Urbervilles and Jude the Obscure, Hardy announced that he would never write fiction again. A bishop solemnly burnt the book, 'probably in his despair at not being able to burn me', Hardy noted. Hardy's marriage had also suffered from the public outrage - critics on both sides of the Atlantic abused the author as degenerate and called the work itself disgusting. In April, 1912, Hardy wrote:"Then somebody discovered that Jude was a moral work - austerein its treatment of a difficult subject - as if the writerhad not all the time said in the Preface that it was meantto be so. Thereupon many uncursed me, and the matter ended,the only effect of it on human conduct that I could discoverbeing its effect on myself - the experience completely curingme of the further interest in novel-writing."By 1885 the Hardys had settled near Dorchester at Max gate, a house designed by the author and built by his brother, Henry. With the exceptions of seasonal stays in London and occasional excursions abroad, his Bockhampton home, "a modest house, providing neither more nor less than the accommodation ... needed" (as Michael Millgate describes it in his biography of the author) was his home for the rest of his life.After giving up the novel, Hardy brought out a first group of Wessex poems, some of which had been composed 30 years before. During the remainder ofhis life, Hardy continued to publish several collections of poems. "Hardy, in fact, was the ideal poet of a generation. He was the most passionate and the most learned of them all. He had the luck, singular in poets, of being able to achieve a competence other than by poetry and then devote the ending years of his life to his beloved verses." (Ford Madox Ford in The March of Literature, 1938) Hardy's gigantic panorama of the Napoleonic Wars, THE DYNASTS, composed between 1903 and 1908, was mostly in blank verse. Hardy succeeded on the death of his friend George Meredith to the presidency of the Society of Authors in 1909. King George V conferred on him the Order of Merit and he received in 1912 the gold medal of the Royal Society of Literature.Hardy kept to his marriage with Emma Gifford although it was unhappy and he had - or he imagined he had - affairs with other women passing briefly through his life. Emma Hardy died in 1912 and in 1914 Hardy married his secretary, Florence Emily Dugdale, a woman in her 30's, almost 40 years younger than he. From 1920 through 1927 Hardy worked on his autobiography, which was disguised as the work of Florence Hardy. It appeared in two volumes (1928 and 1930). Hardy's last book published in his lifetime was HUMAN SHOWS, FAR PHANTASIES, SONGS AND TRIFLES (1925). WINTER WORDS IN VARIOUS MOODS AND METRES appeared posthumously in 1928.Hardy died in Dorchester, Dorset, on January 11, 1928. His ashes were cremated in Dorchester and buried with impressive ceremonies in the Poet's Corner in Westminster Abbey. According to a literary anecdote his heart was to be buried in Stinsford, his birthplace, and all went according to plan, until a cat belonging to the poet's sister snatched the heart off the kitchen, where it was temporarily kept, and disappeared into the woods with it.The center of Hardy's novels was the rather desolate and history-freighted countryside around Dorchester. His novels bravely challenged many of the sexual and religious conventions of the Victorian age, and dared to present a bleak view into human nature. In the early 1860s, after the appearance Darwin's Origin of Species (1859), Hardy's faith was still unshaken, but he soon adopted the mechanical-determinist view of nature's cruelty, reflected in the inevitably tragic and self-destructive fates of his characters. In his poems Hardy depicted rural life without sentimentality - his mood was often stoically hopeless. "Though he was a modern, even a revolutionary writer in his time, most of us read him now as a lyrical pastoralist. It may be a sign of the times that some of us take his books to bed, as if even his pessimistic vision was one that enabled us to sleep soundly." (Anatole Broyard in New York Times, May 12, 1982)For further reading: The Life of Thomas Hardy: A CriticalBiography by P.D.L. Turner (1998); Thomas Hardy in Our Timeby R.W. Langbaum (1995); Hardy and the Erotic by T.R. Wright(1989); Thomas Hardy by M. Millgate (1982); The Older Hardyby R. Gittings (1980); An Essay on Thomas Hardy by J. Bayley(1978); The Final Years of Thomas Hardy, 1912-1928 by H. Orel(1976); Young Thomas Hardy by R. Gittings (1975); ThomasHardy: A Critical Biography by J.I.M. Stewart (1971); ThePoetry of Thomas Hardy: A Handbook and Commentary by J.O.Bailey (1970); Thomas Hardy by I.Howe (1967); Thomas Hardy:A Critical Biography by E. Hardy (1954); Thomas Hardy by A.J.Guerard (1949); Hardy of Wessex: His Life and Career by C.J.Weber (1940) - See also: Wladyslaw Reymont, C.D.Lewis (TheLyrical Poetry of Thomas Hardy, 1953), Michael Innes,Francois La Rochefoucauld - "Hardy had an observing eye, aremembering mind; he did not need the Greeks to teach him thatthe Furies do arrive punctually, and that neither act, notwill, nor intention will serve to deflect a man's destiny fromhim, once he has taken the step which decides it." CatherineAnne Porter in Notes on a Criticism (1940)Selected works:•DESPERATE REMEDIES, 1871•UNDER THE GREENWOOD TREE, 1872• A PAIR OF BLUE EYES, 1973 - Sininen silmäpari•FAR FROM THE MADDING CROWD, 1874 - film 1967, dir. by John Schlesinger, starring Julie Christie , Peter Finch, Terence Stamp, Alan Bates, Prunella Ransome•THE RETURN OF THE NATIVE, 1878 - Paluu nummelle•THE TRUMPET-MAJOR, 1880•THE MAYOR OF CASTERBRIDGE, 1886 - Pormestarin tarina•WESSWX TALES, 1888•THE WOODLANDERS, 1887• A GROUP OF NOBLE DMES, 1891 - Ylhäisiä naisia•TESS OF THE D'URBERVILLES, 1891 - Tessin tarina - film 1980, dir.by Roman Polanski."The 18th-century world Polanski presents is so believable that we sense the people we see really do live in those farmhouses, shacks, country estates, and townhouses. There is wonderful period detail, and few films have been more exquisitely photographed (Geoffrey Unsworth and Ghislain Cloquet share the credit). A lovely film." (Danny Perry in Guide for the Film Fanatic, 1986)•LIFE'S LITTLE IRONIES, 1894•JUDE THE OBSCURE, 1895 - Jude, film adaptation in 1996, dir. by Michael Winterbottom, starring Christopher Eccleston, Kate Winslet, Liam Cunningham, Rachel Griffiths, June Whitfield•WESSEX POEMS, 1898•POEMS OF THE PAST AND THE PRESENT, 1901•THE DYNASTS, 1903-08•TIME'S LAUGHINGSTOCKS, 1909• A CHANGED MAN AND OTHER TALES, 1913•SATIRES OF CIRCUMSTANCE, 1914•MOMENTS OF VISION, 1917•THE PLAY OF ST. GEORGE, 1921•LATE LYRICS AND EARLIER, 1922•THE FAMOUS TRAGEDY OF THE QUEEN OF CORNWALL, 1923•HUMAN SHOWS, FAR PHANTASIES, 1925•LIFE AND ART, 1925•COLLECTED POEMS, 1927•WINTER WORDS, 1928•LIFE OF THOMAS HARDY, 1928-30 (with Florence Hardy)•AN INDISCRETION IN THE LIFE OF AN HEIRESS, 1934•THE LETTERS OF THOMAS HARDY, 1954•THOMAS HARDY'S NOTEBOOKS AND SOME LETTERS FROM JULIA AUGUSTRA MARTIN, 1955•"DEAREST EMMIE": THOMAS HARDY'S LETTERS TO HIS FIRST WIFE, 1963 •THE ARCHITECTURAL NOTEBOOKS OF THOMAS HARDY, 1966•THOMAS HARDY'S PERSONAL WRITINGS, 1972•THE LITERARY NOTES OF THOMAS HARDY, 1974•THE NEW WESSEX EDITION OF THE STORIES OF THOMAS HARDY, 1977 (3 vols.) c•THE COLLECTED LETTERS OF THOMAS HARDY, VOL. 1, 1840-1892, 1978 •THE PERSONAL NOTEBOOKS OF THOMAS HARDY, 1979•THE VARIORUM EDITION OF THE COMPLETE POEMS OF THOMAS HARDY, 1979 •THE COLLECTED LETTERS OF THOMAS HARDY, VOL. 2, 1893-1901, 1980。

InsearchofDavosMan精华版

InsearchofDavosMan精华版

世界经济论坛(俗称达沃斯论坛,World Economic Forum,简称WEF)是一个以基金 会形式成立的非营利性组织,总部设在日内瓦。成立于1971年的论坛以每年冬季在瑞士 滑雪胜地达沃斯举办的年会闻名于世。“达沃斯论坛”每年聚集最高端全球商界、政界、 学术界和媒体领域的领袖人物,讨论世界所面临最紧迫问题。
每年一月末在达沃斯举行的年会是世界经济论坛的旗舰活动。在瑞士阿尔卑斯山度假 胜地举行的年会每年吸引1000家论坛会员企业的首席执行官的到来,同时还有来自政界、 学界、非政府组织、宗教界和媒体的众多代表,只有收到世界经济论坛邀请的人士才可参 会。每年约有2200位参会者参加为期五天的会议,列入正式会议议程的场次多达220余场。 会议议程强调关注全球重点问题(如国际争端、贫困和环境问题)和可能的解决方案。全 球约有来自网络、纸媒、广播和电视媒体的500余名记者到会场进行报道,媒体可以进入 所有列入正式议程的会议场次,其中一些场次可通过网络视频观看。
这些来自亚洲和其他地方的低薪流动工人正在全世界提供日益增多的关键服务英国一家医疗保健公司保柏集团的首席执行官瓦莱丽戈丁说要是没有来自菲律宾印度尼日利亚和其他地方的移民护士英美两国的医疗保健体系就会崩溃





诵雪 读
zhen chen
DUO
小组成员
珍 晨朵Βιβλιοθήκη 达夏 Hawaii韩 han
In search of Davos Man
sweep aside:不理会,扫除,清除
She had to sweep aside all opposition before she could begin the journey.MP3 他在旅行之前不得不排除一切反对意见。

麦田里的守望者英文ppt

麦田里的守望者英文ppt

Characterization: Holden is a cynical, yet sensitive character who is struggling with the complexities of growing up and the loss of innocence. His encounters with other characters provide insights into the adult world and its hypocrisies.
Themes: The novel explores themes such as alienation, loss of innocence, the meaning of life, and the search for authenticity.
Overview of Works
J.D. Salinger Biography
Influences
Salinger was influenced by several writers, including Thomas Wolfe and F. Scott Fitzgerald, but his work also reflects his own experiences and observations of society.
Holden's anger
He is angry at the world and its hypocrisy, which he sees all around him.
Despite his disillusionment, Holden is still looking for a purpose and meaning in life.

布什维克居住区,纽约,美国

布什维克居住区,纽约,美国

布什维克居住区,纽约,美国Denizen Bushwick,New York,USA,2018建筑设汁:ODA連筑屮务所Architects:ODA Arch让ects布什维克居住区位于布鲁克林的瑞金啤酒厂旧址,该项目可提供总面积约为93,000万的公寓住宅,其中20%是低价房。

项目包含了大量的邻里共享空间,一个1658m2的公园把整个项目一分为二,形成了一条绿色步道以及2个约122m长、61m宽的街区。

在它们中间分布着数个庭院,它们曲径通幽、彼此相连,并最终通往中间的绿色步道。

ODA建筑事务所把一个传统小镇中心相互交织的街道布局叠映在了这两个纽约城市街区上。

布什维克居住区的碎片式外立面也很有特点,由铁锈色、深内嵌的窗户组成。

在庭院区域内,草木茂盛、半遮盖的小径和走廊连接着数家商店和无障碍便利设施,为这一日益充满活力的街区进一步提升社区感。

为了补足街区的结构和提升效率,该项目的布局鼓励人们去享受放松,同时也去发现,这也是项目设计的指导原则。

为形成充满活力的街区艺术,ODA与当地艺术家合作,在街区内展现各种艺术形式。

布什维克居住区的目标是通过创造一个高度多1样性的建筑体而成为一个完整社区的一部分,在这里,社区成员们可以找到活动和交流的平台。

借助ODA所设计的曲径通幽、彼此相连的庭院,划分社区的绿色步道,以及各种公共活动,布什维克居住区将会成为一个名副其实的城中城。

非盈利组织OPEN参与了居住区的15幅大幅壁画的设计。

OPEN对以下4类活动积极支持,包括社区绿色空间、媒体与技术、设计与建筑,以及公共艺术。

这些壁画遍布整个建筑群,装饰了7层走廊墙壁,1层的天花板,以及公共花园附近的一个停车场。

为了增添更多充满活力的色彩和特色,所有的壁画都是大尺幅的,并且可以从项目的多个庭院内欣赏到。

另外,有5幅壁画可以在面向公众开放的公园内观赏,这也是为了给周围社区增添活力并加强联系。

公共便利设施也在社区建设中扮演着重要角色。

英伦文学地图:英国文学中的地域书写智慧树知到答案章节测试2023年苏州大学

英伦文学地图:英国文学中的地域书写智慧树知到答案章节测试2023年苏州大学

第一章测试1.What is included in Jane Austen’s landscapes?A:IrelandB:ScotlandC:WalesD:England答案:D2.It is in Southern England that the women in Jane Austen’s novels can feelcomfortable.A:错B:对答案:B3.The marriage transactions in Jane Austen’s novels take place in the followingplaces:A:BrightonB:BathC:CambridgeD:London答案:ABD4.The characteristics of the late eighteenth century in England include:答案:ABC5.Literary geography is a perspective on literature that incorporates the studyof geographical space and place.A:对B:错答案:A6.When does the cultural turn of human geographies take place?A:the end of the 1980sB:the early twentieth centuryC:the sixteenth centuryD:the end of the 1950s答案:A7.The scope of literary geography studies includes:A:the plotB:the study of literature in spaceC:geography documentsD:the study of space in literature答案:BD8.Geography is not an inert container, is not a box where cultural historyhappens, but an active force, that pervades the literary field and shapes it in depthA:错B:对答案:B9.The act of writing itself might be considered as a form of mapping orcartographic activity.A:错B:对答案:B10.Great Britain is a country.A:对B:错答案:B第二章测试1.Who is honoured as the father of English literature?A:Ben JohnsonB:John DonneC:Geoffrey ChaucerD:John Milton答案:C2.In the Medieval hierarchical system of England, the church was responsiblefor the spiritual welfare of the body politic.A:错B:对答案:B3.Geoffrey Chaucer’s diplomatic mission to It aly in 1372 brought him intodirect contact with the Italian Renaissance.A:对B:错答案:A4.Scholars conjecture that The Canterbury Tales was probably first conceivedin 1386, when Chaucer was living in Canterbury.A:对B:错答案:B5.When does the pilgrimage take place in The Canterbury Tales?A:AprilB:JuneC:MayD:March答案:A6.Which one is the opening tale after “The General Prologue” in TheCanterbury Tales?答案:D7. A dialectic between ___ is a recurrent feature of The Canterbury Tales.A:stylesB:genresC:classesD:rhetorics答案:ABC8.The persona “I” in The Canterbury Tales is also one of the pilgrims.A:对B:错答案:A9.“The Miller’s Tale” concerned with order, love and fraternity parodies “TheKnight’s tale” that involves deception and body.A:错B:对答案:A10.“The Miller’s Tale” ha s the following characteristics:A:hilariousB:fabliauC:tragicD:aristocratic答案:AB第三章测试1.Shakespeare was a contemporary of ( ).A:King Charles II and Queen VictoriaB:King George IV and Queen Elizabeth IIC:Queen Elizabeth I and King James IID:Queen Elizabeth I and King James I答案:D2.Shakespeare came from a well-educated family in Stratford-upon-Avon.A:对B:错答案:B3.Shakespeare was buried in Westminster Abbey.A:错B:对答案:A4.Geographically speaking, Stratford-upon-Avon is situated in the Southeast ofLondon.A:错B:对答案:A5.In Shakespeare’s life, he had been ( ).A:an actorB:a theatre managerC:a playwrightD:a poet答案:ABCD6.The Globe Theatre is situated on ( ).A:the south bank of River AvonB:the north bank of River AvonC:the south bank of River ThamesRiver ThamesD:the north bank of River Thames答案:C7.Which of the following was once a patron of Shakespeare?A:The 3rd Earl of SouthamptonB:Christopher MarloweC:James VD:Robert Greene答案:A8.Before 1597, many plays were published without the identification of itswriter.A:对B:错答案:A9.Which of the followings statement is NOT true about Shakespreare’s TheFirst Folio?A:It helps modern day scholars to understand Shakespeare.B:It was published after his death.C:It contains all of Shakespeare’s plays.D:It includes comedies, tragedies, and historical dramas.答案:C10.The first actor who played Hamlet was ( )A:David TennantB:Shakespeare himselfC:Richard BurbageD:Benedict Cumberbatch答案:C第四章测试1.Burns Night is traditionally celebrated on?A:January 24thB:January 22ndC:January 23rdD:January 25th答案:D2.Robert Burns’s parents were buried in the graveyard of the same old kirkfeatured in his poem “Tam O’Shanter”.A:错B:对答案:B3.Tam in “Tam O’Shanter” witness ( ) at a stormy night.A:a fight happened at the marketB:witches and warlocks partying with the devilC:a murder that happened in the graveyardD:a debate between God and Satan答案:B4.Scots refers to English spoken in the Scottish accent.A:对B:错答案:B5.The development of the Scots language has been influence by ( )A:the Scandinavian languagesB:the Germanic languagesC:the Cyrillic languagesD:the Romance languages答案:ABD6.“A wee bairn” in Scots means ( ) in English:A:a small dogB:a big childC:a big dogD:a small child答案:D7.Because “Tam O’Shanter” was written for a historical record of Scottishcastles and churches, the story of it was factual.A:错B:对答案:A8.The 18th century Ayrshire was dominated by ( ).A:none of aboveB:CatholicismC:ProtestantismD:the Orthodox Church答案:C9.Robert Burns’s education include ( )A:school and a private tutorB:the University of EdinburghC:folksongs and tales from his mother and nannyD:his father’s teaching him to read from The Bible答案:ACD第五章测试1.Which one is the largest natural lake in England?A:WindermereB:Loch NessC:DerwentwaterD:Esthwaite Water答案:A2.The Lake District is well known for its connection with Romantic poets, suchas William Blake.A:对B:错答案:B3.Where was William Wordsworth born?A:CumbriaB:LondonC:OxfordD:Sussex答案:A4.Dorothy Wordsworth wrote the Grasmere Journal when she lived in the DoveCottage.A:错B:对答案:B5.In whose work does the following passage appear? “I never saw daffodils sobeautiful they grew among the mossy stones about & about them, somerested their heads upon these stones as on a pillow for weariness & the resttossed & reeled & danced & seemed as if they verily laughed with the windthat blew upon them over the Lake”A:William WordsworthB:Samuel Taylor ColeridgeC:Dorothy WordsworthD:Thomas De Quincey答案:C6.The final version of “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” published in 1815 is arevision of the original published in 1807.A:错B:对答案:B7.In “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”, what words does the poet use to convey atranquil image?A:wanderB:flutterC:floatD:lonely答案:ACD8.In “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”, the poet compares the daffodils to ___A:starsB:dancersC:wanderersD:flowers答案:AB9.What does “the inward eye” refer to in “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”?A:focused attentionB:remembranceC:imaginationD:absent-mindedness答案:ABC10.William Wordsworth’s life at the Lake District exerts a huge impact on hispoetry.A:对B:错答案:A第六章测试1.Which of the following titles belong to Walter Scott?A:The Wizard of OzB:The Heaven-taught PloughmanC:The Inventor of Scottish HistoryD:The Wizard of the North答案:CD2.Walter Scott decorated his house with the entrance doorway to the OldTalbooth Prison in Edinburgh.A:对B:错答案:A3.How many times did Walter Scott meet Robert Burns?A:4B:2C:1D:3答案:C4.The name of Walter Scott’s castle comes from the route leading to theMelrose Abbey, an abbey important in Scottish history.A:错B:对答案:B5.The aftermath of the Jacobite’s defeat on Culloden Moor includes:A:the dying of the clan systemB:the restriction of foreign travelC:the taboo on wearing tartanD:the decline of the Gaelic language答案:ACD6.In Waverley, the character Fergus MacIvor was a highland chieftain loyal tothe Jacobite leader “Bonnie Prince Charles”.A:错B:对答案:B7.Edward Waverley believed that the Jacobite cause would succeed.A:错B:对答案:A8.Which of the following British monarchs was the first to visit Scotlandwearing a tartan kilt after the Battle of Culloden ?A:Queen VictoriaB:George IIIC:George IVD:Edward I答案:C9.Walter Scott received help from ( ) to collect ballads.A:James HoggB:Robert BurnsC:All the other choices are correctD:Bishop Percy答案:AD10.Walter Scott was against ballad singers or collectors leaving their ownstamps on the ballads.A:错B:对答案:A第七章测试1.The City of Bath is situated in the Southwest of England.A:错B:对答案:B2.The Romans were good at combining their own gods and the local deitiesafter they conquered other lands.A:错B:对答案:B3.Bath started to regain its Roman glory when Richard “Beau” Nash invested inthe city in the ( )A:17th centuryB:19th centuryC:16th centuryD:18th century答案:D4.Which of the followings are likely to be a Regency social event in Bath?A:a ballB:a dinner partyC:a cricket matchD:a concert答案:ABD5.Bath’s influences on Austen’s life and works include ( )A:a practical experience working with the lower class peopleB:a documentary record of the social mannersC:an ethical perspective of the gentryD:the romantic encounter of her future husband答案:BC6.In the Regency Era, Bath’s social hierarchy could be ref lected by the differentcarriages arriving at ballrooms such as the Pump Room.A:对B:错答案:A7.Catherine Morland in Northanger Abbey was the heir of a rich couple Mr andMrs Allen and thus she attracted much attention from suitors.A:对B:错答案:B8.The estate of Northanger Abbey is owned by ( )A:Mr and Mrs AllenB:Henry TilneyC:General TilneyD:The Morlands答案:C9.Which of the following statements is/are true about Bath’s social geographyin the Regency Era?A:The rich population lived in the north of the city.B:The lower class people lived in the south of the city.C:The poor population lived in the north of the city.D:The upper class people lived in the south of the city.答案:AB10.The Camden Place was a fictional location created by Austen, it did notactually exist in Bath.A:错B:对答案:A第八章测试1.Which one of the following works is written by Anne Bronë?A:Agnes GrayB:Jane EyreC:Wuthering HeightsD:Villette答案:A2.The Brontë sisters’ connection with Yorkshire was through blood.A:对B:错答案:B3.The Brontë sisters were born in Thornton, West Yorkshire, England in theearly 19th century.A:对B:错答案:A4.Emily Brontë incorporates the harsh and unhealthy conditions of the clergyschool she attended in her novel Wuthering Heights.A:错B:对答案:A5.Who is the most private and reclusive one of the three Brontë sisters?A:Charlotte BrontëB:Branwell BrontëC:Anne BrontëD:Emily Brontë答案:D6.Wuthering Heights is similar to Dickens’ novels in terms of its engagementwith social issues.A:错B:对答案:A7.Which one of the following settings is the counterpart of Wuthering Heightsin the eponymous novel?A:Dove CottageB:LowoodC:Keswick HouseD:Thrushcross Grange答案:D8.The following passage is uttered by ____ in Wuthering Heights: “This iscertainly a beautiful country! In all England, I do not believe that I could have fixed on a situation so completely removed from the stir of society.”A:Catherine LintonB:Mr. LockwoodC:Edgar LintonD:Mr. Heathcliff答案:B9.The following passage shows that the moor is a place of ___ in WutheringHeights: “About midnight, while we still sat up, the storm came rattling over the Heights in full fury. There was a violent wind, as well as thunder, andeither one or the other split a tree off at the corner of the building; a hugebough fell across the roof, and knocked down a portion of the east chimney-stack, sending a clatter of stones and soot into the kitchen fire”.A:desolationB:disasterC:happinessD:violence答案:ABD10.The moors witness a kind of U-turn in the story: paradise for youngCatherine and Heathcliff – hell for their adult life – paradise again for theoffspring.A:错B:对答案:B第九章测试1.Dickens, like some of his fictional characters, was forced to serve as a childlabor in a shoe “blacking factory” to eke out a living at a very yo ung ageA:对B:错答案:A2.Dickens’ first novel( ) brought him instant success at the age of twenty-five.A:The Pickwick PapersB:A Tale of Two CitiesC:Oliver TwistD:David Copperfield答案:A3.Dickens harbors a strong sense of localism rooted in the modes of existenceand landscape of the countryside.A:错B:对答案:A4.The image of London offered by Dickens in Oliver Twist is generallycharming and attractive.A:对B:错答案:B5.In order to highlight Oliver’s first encounter with the shockingly filthyLondon underworld, Dickens portrays London with a series of unpleasantnatural elements including ( ).A:rain that falls sluggishly downB:black mistC:stones covered with thick mudD:“everything felt cold and clammy to the touch”答案:ABCD6.The streets in Oliver Twist are marked by ( ).A:narrownessB:muddinessC:cleanessD:darkness答案:ABD7.Dickens’ depiction of those ruinous slums in London can find expression in (),the most notorious gutter alongside The Thames.答案:A8.The fall of those slum houses has been embedded by Dickens with two layersof implications, ( ).A:the fall of the hypocritical capitalist humanismB:the rocketing development of capitalismC:the precarious state of existence of those disenfranchised groupsD:the extremely dire financial conditions答案:AC9.Dickens’depict ion of the slums, those dilapidated houses in particular, pushesto the climax his critique of the government’s indifference towards the poor and, more generally, its non-performance in tackling the problem of poverty.A:对B:错答案:A10.Dickens witnessed the rise of London as one of the largest metropolises inthe European continent because it ( ).A:built intricate sewer and street systemsB:attained great achievements of industrialization and urbanizationC:erected all sorts of facilitiesD:constructed railways答案:ABCD第十章测试1.The following passage appears in the novel ___: “London. Michaelmas Termlatterly over, and the Lord Chancellor sitting in Lincoln’s Inn Hall. Implacable November weather.”A:The Sign of the FourB:Hard TimesC:Bleak HouseD:A Study in Scarlet答案:C2.Much of the 19th-century detective fiction was published in periodicals.A:错B:对答案:B3.It’s generally believed that The Moonstone is the first detective novel inBritain.A:错B:对答案:B4.In which one of the following works does the character Shelock Holmes firstappear?A:A Study in ScarletB:The Hound of BaskervilleC:The MoonstoneD:The Sign of the Four答案:A5.It’s said that Conan Doyle’s inspiration for the character Sherlock Holmescame from Bucket, a Scottish lecturer at the medical school of the University of EdinburghA:错B:对答案:A6.The Sign of the Four gets its name bcause in the story there are four pieces oftreasure stolen.A:对B:错答案:B7.Although Conan Doyle lived only a few months in London before moving tothe suburbs, London exerts a huge impact on his writings.A:对B:错答案:A8.The following quotation describes the city of London in ____: “a dense drizzlyfog lay low upon the great city, mud-coloured clouds drooped sadly over the muddy streets.”A:The Sign of the FourB:The Hound of BaskervilleC:The MoonstoneD:A Study in Scarlet答案:A9.Lyceum Theatre in the East End figures in both Conan Doyle’s real life and hisstories.A:对B:错答案:B第十一章测试1.Which of the following writers had been influenced by Freudian theories?A:Virginia WoolfB:Franz KafkaC:Marcel ProustD:James Joyce答案:ABCD2.For most of Virginia Woolf’s life, she lived in ( )A:the East End of LondonB:the West End of LondonC:the seaside of Southwest EnglandD:Richmond答案:B3.Virginia Woolf was sent to study at the University of Oxford.A:对B:错答案:B4.None of the characters in Mrs. Dalloway met one another during their walkson that day before Clarissa Dalloway’s party.A:对B:错答案:B5.Septimus Warren Smith suffers fromA:a depressing unhappiness in marriageB:post-traumatic stress disorderC:a serious wound he got from fighting in WWID:none of above答案:B6.Modernism is a movement only in literature.A:错B:对答案:A7.European Modernism lasted from the end of 19th century to ( )A:the 1960sB:the breakout of WWIIC:the 1970sD:the breakout of WWI答案:B8.Before Modernism, art converted the unexplainable to a very abstract form.A:错B:对答案:A9.Which of the following theories contributed to Modernism?A:Marxism and DarwinismB:Bergson’s “élan vital”C:Nietzsche’s “Will to Power”D:Einstein’s “theory of relativity”答案:ABCD10.Freud and literature mutually influenced each other.A:错B:对答案:B第十二章测试1.Oxford got its name for being the fording point in Saxon times.A:错B:对答案:B2.Which one is the oldest university in the English-speaking world?A:University of CambridgeB:University of ParisC:Harvard UniversityD:University of Oxford答案:D3.University of Oxford was modeled on the University of Paris.A:对B:错答案:A4.Which one(s) of the following is(are) the initial faculties of the University ofOxford?A:medicineB:theologyC:lawD:liberal arts答案:ABCD5.The various colleges of Oxford were intended primarily for well-off scholars.A:错B:对答案:A6.Oxford is known as the “City of Spires” or the “City of Dreaming Spires”,because of its beautiful skyline of Gothic towers and steeples.A:错B:对答案:B7. C. S. Lewis completed The Chronicles of Narnia series at Oxford.A:对B:错答案:B8.J.R.R. Tolkien taught English language and literature at the University ofOxford.A:错B:对答案:B第十三章测试1.The famous journal Edinburgh Review founded in the 19th centurypromoted the literary trend of ( )A:RealismB:FuturismC:RomanticismD:Symbolism答案:C2.The Edinburgh born writers include ( )A:Robert Louis StevensonB:Conan DoyleC:Walter ScottD:J. M. Barrie答案:ABCD3.Spark was honoured “Dame Muriel Spark” for her contribution in literature.A:错B:对答案:B4.Muriel Spark was raised as a ( ) but later converted to a ( )A:Presbyterian … CatholicB:Catholic … ProtestantC:C atholic … PresbyterianD:Jewish … Catholic答案:A5.The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie is a biographical work of Muriel Spark’s schoolteacher Miss Christina Kay.A:对B:错答案:B6.The “prime” of Miss Jean Brodie, according to herself, referred to ( )A:her past youthB:her current teaching careerC:her coming yearsD:her school years答案:B7.The regular members of “The Brodie Set” includes ( )A:4 girlsB:6 girlsC:7 girlsD:5 girls答案:B8.The most controversial topic Miss Jean Brodie taught the girls whicheventually led to her being expelled from the school wasA:religionB:fascismC:her personal romantic historyD:poetry答案:B9.Miss Jean Brodie eventually found out which girl of the Brodie Set betrayedher.A:对B:错答案:B10.Calvinism is a religious branch of ( )A:JudaismB:PuritanismC:ProtestantismD:Catholicism答案:C第十四章测试1.V. S. Naipaul was born in an impoverished rural area of Trinidad.A:错B:对答案:B2.V. S. Naipaul is a travel writer.A:错B:对答案:A3.The values of the English middle class that Naipaul celebrates basically referto ( ).A:the VictorianismB:the British monarchyC:colonialismD:anarchism答案:A4.( )prompted Naipaul to view Victorian tradition as a lifeline.A:his nostalgia for TrinidadB:his desire to purge himself of his West IndiannessC:his image of writing as a fundamentally British vocationD:his lack of readers答案:BCD5.The protagonist of The Enigma of Arrival is widely accepted to be Naipaul.A:对B:错答案:A6.In Naipaul’s eye, this rur al county in Wiltshire is an embodiment of ( ).A:the imperial pastB:his hometownC:his immigrationD:the pastoral beauty答案:A7.In The Enigma of Arrival, Naipaul gives a meticulous and detailed account ofthis rural county, including ( )A:farm housesB:routesC:tourist attractionsD:clusters of vegetation答案:ABCD8.According to Naipaul, Wiltshire rehearses the process of the destruction of ( ).A:the British colonialism in TrinidadB:the capitalism in BritainC:an illusory conception of EnglandD:the agriculture in England答案:C9.The critical comments received by The Enigma of Arrival are conflicting.A:错B:对答案:B第十五章测试1.《向西行》(Stepping Westward)的主题是()。

推荐肖申克的救赎给朋友英语作文

推荐肖申克的救赎给朋友英语作文

推荐肖申克的救赎给朋友英语作文全文共6篇示例,供读者参考篇1My Favorite Movie: The Shawshank RedemptionHi friend! I want to tell you about my absolute favorite movie. It's called The Shawshank Redemption and it's seriously the best movie ever made. I know I'm just a kid, but trust me, this movie is amazing!The movie is about this guy named Andy Dufresne who gets sent to prison for a really long time, even though he didn't actually do the crime he was accused of. Can you imagine being stuck in prison for decades when you were completely innocent? That would be so unfair and horrible!When Andy first gets to the prison, it's this brutal, scary place run by mean guards and criminals who have been locked up for years. The warden who runs the prison is especially nasty and corrupt. But Andy doesn't let the harsh environment break his spirit.Despite being in such a terrible situation, Andy remains hopeful, smart, and resourceful. He befriends a older prisoner named Red by helping him get cold beers and other comforts from the outside world. Red can't believe Andy is so calm and positive in prison. He narrates a lot of the movie and has the most amazing gravelly voice!Slowly but surely, Andy uses his brains and integrity to earn the respect of his fellow inmates and even some of the guards. He helps the prison librarian get funding for books, he tutors inmates to get their high school degrees, and he even helps the guards with taxes and financial stuff. Andy is just an all-around good, standup guy.But Andy never forgets his dream of being free and proving his innocence on the outside. He spends years chipping away at the walls of his prison cell, little by little. He is so patient and determined, it's really inspiring how he never gives up.The movie builds and builds to this incredible climax where Andy finally escapes from the hellish Shawshank Prison in one of the most clever, suspenseful scenes I've ever watched. I was on the edge of my seat cheering for him! When he made it out and was finally a free man again, I felt such a huge wave of happiness and relief.In the end, Andy gets away scot-free and the cruel warden gets arrested for his crimes instead. It's such a satisfying conclusion where good triumphs over evil. And Andy's friend Red is inspired to keep hope alive until he also gets paroled years later.I can't get enough of this movie! I've watched it like ten times already. It has everything - high stakes, memorable characters, inspiration, suspense, friendship, and justice being served in the most clever ways. The acting is phenomenal, the script is brilliant, and the whole story just sucks you in.Whenever I'm having a tough day, I think about Andy Dufresne chipping away at those walls for decades and never losing faith that he would taste freedom again. If he could get through being wrongfully imprisoned for most of his life and still stay positive, then I can make it through whatever small challenges I face. Andy's story gives me hope, determination and courage.So that's why The Shawshank Redemption is hands-down my favorite movie, and I really think you need to watch it too! It will make you laugh, cry tears of joy, be happier, and appreciate your own freedom more. This movie has so much heart and inspiration packed into it.Do yourself a favor and spend a couple hours getting absorbed into the world of Shawshank and the indomitable spirit of Andy Dufresne. You'll come away from it feeling grateful, motivated and totally entertained. It's simply a masterpiece of a film! Let me know when you watch it so we can discuss all the amazing scenes and moments together.Your friend,[Your Name]篇2Hi! I want to tell you about this amazing movie called The Shawshank Redemption. It's one of my all-time favorites and I think you would really like it too!The movie is about this guy named Andy Dufresne, who gets sent to prison for a crime he didn't actually commit. He gets sentenced to life in the Shawshank prison. But Andy never loses hope that one day he will prove his innocence and become a free man again.When Andy first gets to Shawshank, he has a really hard time. The prison guards are mean bullies and some of the other inmates are scary too. There's this one inmate named Red who islike the leader of the prison community. At first, Red doesn't trust Andy at all.But over time, Andy earns respect from Red and the other prisoners by being smart, resilient, and doing nice things for people. He helps the guards get beer for their party, he tutors inmates to get their high school diplomas, and he even protects a guy from getting assaulted. Andy never lets the guards and prisoners get him down.My favorite part is when Andy gets a bunch of records from the community college and broadcasts opera music over the prison loudspeakers! It's so funny to see the prisoners and guards frozen, listening to beautiful opera for the first time. They're all confused but also amazed. That scene made me laugh so much.Andy's friend Red says "Andy crawled through a river of mud and came out clean on the other side." What he means is that even though Andy went through the terrible unfair experience of being in prison, he kept his spirit and human dignity intact. He never let the prison system make him become a worse person.Towards the end of the movie, Andy finally escapes from the horrible Shawshank prison by crawling through a tunnel for 500 yards! When the evil warden realizes Andy is gone, he goes crazytrying to find him. But Andy is already far away, free at last after 19 years in prison.The ending is my favorite part. Andy leaves clues for Red to join him once Red gets paroled. So Red finally gets released from prison and follows the clues to a beautiful beach in Mexico where Andy is waiting for him. The look on Red's face when he sees Andy free and happy on the beach is just the best!This movie has so many important lessons. It shows that you should never give up hope, even when everything seems hopeless. It shows that you can make friends and positively impact people's lives even in the darkest of situations. And it shows that if you keep your spirit and human dignity, you can overcome injustice and unfairness.The Shawshank Redemption has amazing characters that you can't help but care about. It mixes drama with friendship, hope, injustice, perseverance, and a little bit of humor too. The story just sticks with you long after watching it. There's a reason why it's considered one of the greatest movies of all time!So those are all the reasons why I loooove The Shawshank Redemption and think you need to watch it immediately! Once you see it, I just know you'll be hooked too. We can re-watch ittogether and analyze every little detail. Get ready for an unforgettable movie experience!篇3The Best Movie Ever - The Shawshank RedemptionHey friend! I have to tell you about this amazing movie I just watched called The Shawshank Redemption. It's seriously the best movie ever and you have to see it!It's a really old movie that came out way before we were born in 1994. But it's a classic and so good. The story is about this guy named Andy Dufresne who gets sent to prison for a crime he didn't actually commit. Can you imagine being stuck in jail when you're innocent? That would be so unfair and horrible!Andy has to go to this scary prison called Shawshank. The guards there are really mean bullies who treat the prisoners terribly. The prisoners have to live in these tiny cells and work hard labor jobs all day. It seems like the worst place in the world.But Andy is super smart and doesn't let the awful situation get him down. He's always hopeful and makes friends with some of the other nice prisoners like Red, an older guy who can getthings brought into the prison. Red and Andy become best friends which is really sweet.Over the years, Andy uses his brains to help out the mean prison workers by doing jobs like taxes and financial stuff for them. He also helps out his friends who are prisoners too. Andy never stops believing he will get out of Shawshank one day and be free again.Without giving too much away, Andy comes up with this incredible plan to finally escape from the prison. It's so clever and exciting when he does it! He outwits all the stupid guards and mean workers. Andy is brave and never gives up on his dream of being free.My favorite part is at the end when Andy escapes and finally gets to go to this beautiful beach in Mexico like he always dreamed of. He's free at last and gets to start an amazing new life doing whatever he wants. It's so inspiring and makes you feel like you can overcome anything no matter how hard life gets.There are lots of great lessons and messages in the movie too. Like how you should never give up hope, be brave and clever, value friendships, and always fight for freedom. If you work hard and are a good person, good things will happen to you eventually just like they did for Andy.The acting is amazing too, especially by the actors who play Andy and Red. The movie is over 2 hours long but it doesn't feel like it at all because the story is so gripping and goes by so fast. You'll be on the edge of your seat the whole time wondering what will happen next!I wish I could explain how incredible this movie is, but you'll just have to trust me and watch it for yourself. You're going to love it, I just know it. The Shawshank Redemption has something for everyone - suspense, friendship, inspirational lessons, and feeling good in the end when justice prevails.Next time you need a movie for us to watch together, I'm begging you to pick The Shawshank Redemption. It's my new favorite movie of all time and I can't wait to watch it again. I know you'll feel the same way after you see it too. Just thinking about how great it is makes me so happy!So that's my movie recommendation - no, my movie demand! You have to, have to, have to watch The Shawshank Redemption as soon as possible. I'll even make us snacks when we watch it together. What do you say, friend? Let's do it!篇4My Favorite Movie: The Shawshank RedemptionHey friend! I want to tell you about the most amazing movie I've ever seen. It's called The Shawshank Redemption and you just have to watch it! I know the name sounds a bit weird, but trust me, this movie is the best.It's kind of a long movie, almost 2 and a half hours. But you won't even notice the time going by because it's so good! The story follows a man named Andy Dufresne who goes to prison for a crime he didn't actually commit. Can you imagine being stuck in prison when you're completely innocent? That would be so scary!Andy gets sent to this tough prison called Shawshank. The warden who runs the prison is super mean and corrupt. A lot of the guards are bullies too and make the prisoners' lives miserable. The living conditions are terrible - the cells are small and cramped, the food is gross, and some of the other inmates are scary tough guys you wouldn't want to mess with.Despite all of those challenges, Andy never loses hope. He's one of the nicest, smartest, and most resilient characters I've ever seen in a movie. Over the many years he's locked up, Andy uses his brains to make life a tiny bit better at Shawshank. He becomes really good friends with another inmate named Red,who's doing a life sentence. Their friendship is one of the best parts of the movie.Andy is always respectful to the guards and stays out of trouble, which makes some of the meaner ones suspicious of him. There's this one guard named Captain Hadley who has it out for Andy and bullies him a lot, which isn't fair at all. Andy could give up and let the horrible place bring him down, but he doesn't! He holds onto his dream of being free one day no matter what.I don't want to spoil too much, but there are some crazy suspenseful scenes where Andy has to outsmart the evil warden and his goons who are up to no good. The warden is obsessed with this idea that Andy is trying to pull one over on him somehow. Andy is definitely one of the bravest and craftiest movie heroes I've ever seen!What I love most about the movie is the message that you should never give up hope, no matter how difficult your situation is. Andy goes through all this torture in prison for decades, but he still wakes up every day with a positive attitude and big dreams. He's a true inspiration!Near the end, there's this amazing scene where Andy finally escapes in one of the most clever and satisfying ways I've ever witnessed. I was cheering so loud when it happened! The endinggives you such a warm feeling of happiness after watching Andy go through all that suffering. He absolutely deserves his freedom.But the movie is about more than just Andy's amazing journey. It's about the power of friendship and having people in your life who truly care about you. The scenes of Andy talking through the vents to his friend Red always make me smile. Despite being locked up and kept apart, their bond is unbreakable.Red has some great quotes that really stick with you after watching the movie too. At one point, he says, "I have no idea to this day what those two Italian ladies were singing about." It's such a funny line and one of those little details that makes the characters feel so real.Overall, The Shawshank Redemption has everything I want in a great movie. It's got awesome characters, an engaging plot that keeps you on the edge of your seat, heartwarming friendship, and an ending that makes you want to cheer out loud! You'll laugh, you'll cry, and you'll be rooting for Andy from beginning to end.So those are all the reasons why The Shawshank Redemption is my favorite movie ever. You absolutely have to see it! Maybewe can watch it together at your house this weekend? I'll even bring some snacks. No matter how many times I watch it, I know this one will never get old. It's a true classic!篇5My Favorite Movie: The Shawshank RedemptionHi friend! I want to tell you about my all-time favorite movie. It's called The Shawshank Redemption and it's seriously the best movie ever made! I know it might seem weird for a kid like me to love an old prison movie, but just trust me on this one. Once you watch it, you'll understand why I can't stop talking about it!The movie starts in 1947 when a guy named Andy Dufresne gets sent to Shawshank Prison for life. He was accused of murdering his wife and her boyfriend, but Andy says he's innocent. In prison, he has to deal with mean guards, brutal inmates, and disgusting living conditions. It seems like a dark and depressing place. But Andy never loses hope or gives up trying篇6My Favorite Movie - The Shawshank RedemptionHi friend! I want to tell you about my all-time favorite movie that you just have to see. It's called The Shawshank Redemption and it's seriously the best movie ever made!The movie starts out with this guy named Andy who gets sent to prison for a crime he didn't actually do. He gets sent to this scary place called Shawshank Prison to live with a bunch of other prisoners. At first, Andy seems really scared and sad to be stuck in prison, which makes sense because it's a terrible place.But then Andy meets this other prisoner named Red. Red has been in Shawshank for a super long time already and he knows all the tricks for surviving in prison. Red becomes Andy's best friend and he really helps Andy get through his tough times in Shawshank.Even though Andy is innocent and shouldn't be in prison at all, he doesn't let it get him down. Instead of feeling sorry for himself, Andy works really hard to make the best of his terrible situation. He gets a prison job helping out the mean prison guards and he even helps some of the other prisoners get an education by giving them beer in exchange for helping him!Speaking of beer, there's this one part of the movie that's so funny! A bunch of the prisoners are working outside to roof a building. But they notice that one of the prison guards has awhole case of beer bottles with him while he's napping. So the prisoners scramble to get the beer and they end up having this awesome beer party right under the noses of the sleeping guards! It's such a hilarious and silly scene.But even with enjoying some small pleasures like beer, life in Shawshank is still pretty tough and awful for Andy and his friends. The prison guards are super mean bullies who hurt the prisoners for no reason. And the guy in charge of the whole prison is this evil warden who doesn't care about being fair at all.That's why my favorite part of the entire movie is at the very end when Andy finally escapes from Shawshank! He spends almost twenty years coming up with this elaborate and brilliant plan to break out, and it's just so exciting and intense when he finally gets out using a tunnel and a rope. I was practically jumping up and down in my seat cheering for Andy when he made his escape!After breaking out of prison, Andy goes to live in a beautiful beach town in Mexico. He digs up this old box that he had buried years ago which is filled with cold hard cash to start his new life as a free man. Andy gets to live out his dream of being free and it's such a happy and inspiring ending.I really can't recommend The Shawshank Redemption enough! It has everything a great movie needs - awesome characters you really care about, funny and heartwarming moments, edge-of-your-seat thrills, and such an emotionally satisfying ending. The Shawshank Redemption teaches you that hope is a good thing, no matter how hard life gets. As long as you stay determined and never give up like Andy did, you can overcome anything.I really hope you'll watch this amazing movie soon. It's quite long at over 2 hours, but it's so worth it from start to finish. Just make sure to have a box of tissues handy because this movie will make you go through every single emotion! You'll laugh, you'll cry, you'll cheer - The Shawshank Redemption is simply a masterpiece that will stick with you forever.Let me know what you think after watching it! I'm sure you'll totally agree that it's one of the greatest movies of all time.Your friend,[Your name]。

自考英语(二)2021年10月真题 讲解

自考英语(二)2021年10月真题 讲解
该项涂黑。
Universal Gestures
Gestures for victory,defeat and stress are almost the same in all countries. On the front page of a newspaper we often see the picture of people holding their head in shock.People put their hands on their head or over their mouth when they look on a scene with shock or horror. Chris Ulrich is an expert on body language.He said that covering your mouth or putting your hands on your head helps make you feel safer from a perceived threat.By covering part of your face you can feel hidden from the shocking event.Additionally these reactions can help a person comfort himself through touch.Ulrich said it is a self comforting gesture to help people in the moment. In times of strong anxiety,people will twist their hand to calm themselves.Ulrich said it is a reaction people often have when they are in front of an audience or nervous.”It’s a comfort for them that they’ll get through it,”said Ulrich.He relates that gesture to a parent trying to calm a child. Most athletes react to victories or defeats with specific behaviors.A 2008 study examined pictures of judo(柔道)competitors during the 2008 Olympic Games.They were form different countries,but they showed similar behaviors when they won a match.The winners would throw their head back or raise their hands in triumph.Ulrich said these victory behaviors are a way winners“explode”out and take up more space. However,if an athlete suffers a loss,he will act in a way that makes him physically smaller,such as hanging his head.“When you lose,you want to disappear,”said Ulrich.The study also found that the judo competitors had the same behavior when they lost.

Two_Words_to_Avoid

Two_Words_to_Avoid

• muffle: to make a sound quieter and less easy to hear; to wrap someone or something in thick clothing, cloth, etc. so that they are warm. • muffle oneself up well • eg. 她知道怎样把自己围裹妥当。 She knows how to muffle herself up well.
Sigmund Freud, one of the crucial authors and thinkers of the 20th century, was born in Moravia [mə'reivjə]in 1856, and taken to Vienna as a child by his Jewish father and mother. Only a few professions were open to Jews in 19thcentury Vienna, one of them being medicine. Freud consequently received a medical degree in 1881, and then wrote on hysteria. He would become the founder of modern psychoanalysis, among his many other achievements. Freud died in England in 1939, after being ransomed from the Gastapo subsequent to the Nazi takeover in Austria. It is now exactly 150 years since his birth and twothirdsof a century since his death, an d there is still no general agreement on the nature of his achievement. Yet 20th-century literature truly begins with Freud.

Lodha UK珞达格罗夫纳广场一号全新样板间奢华面世

Lodha UK珞达格罗夫纳广场一号全新样板间奢华面世

Lodha UK珞达格罗夫纳广场一号全新样板间奢华面世英国房产已经成为众多海外投资者追逐的目标,舒适的居住环境、英伦匠心的建筑质量、丰厚的投资回报等优势吸引了大批海外投资者和购房者。

伦敦高端房产市场表现活跃,2020年LodhaUK珞达旗下格罗夫纳广场一号(No.1GrosvenorSquare)顶层豪华公寓就以高达1.47亿英镑的总额成交,创造了梅菲尔(Mayfair)中心地区房产史上最贵的交易项目之一。

近期,LodhaUK珞达又迎来了格罗夫纳广场一号全新样板间和HealthClub的全球首发亮相。

格罗夫纳广场一号伦敦高端房产市场表现活跃留学伦敦置业投资正当时LodhaUK珞达联合首席执行官GabrielYork先生在今年5月的中国媒体线上圆桌会上表示“疫情期间,伦敦高端房产市场表现非常活跃,比起100万英镑以下及100万英镑至200万英镑市场区间,500万英镑及1000万英镑以上市场区间的表现更为活跃”。

他还分享了英国房产市场近两年的整体趋势,“与2019年春季相比,今年春季英国房产市场500万英镑至1000万英镑市场区间的交易额上涨了67%,与2020年春季相比涨幅更大,同时,今年伦敦市中心1000万英镑至2000万英镑市场区间的交易额增长了50%。

”LodhaUK珞达联合首席执行官GabrielYork先生从数据层面来看,英国房产市场不仅正在回暖,而且相比之前,房产价值上升速度更在加快中,特别是高端奢华的优质房产项目受到伦敦当地和全球买家的青睐。

层层巧思贴合住户需求,格罗夫纳广场一号呈现理想居家之所GabrielYork先生认为“家意味着幸福。

无论何时何地,人们都希望拥有一个超大空间、亲近自然、充满活力的完美居所。

格罗夫纳广场一号兼具历史底蕴与现代设计,致力于为住户打造健康幸福的生活环境。

”LodhaUK珞达旗下豪宅格罗夫纳广场一号实力演绎“非凡之家(HomeToExtraordinary)”,以匠心独运的设计和无微不至的关怀,再次向大众呈现理想居家之所。

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In D. de Waard, K.A. Brookhuis, S.M. Sommer, & W.B. Verwey (eds.), Human Factors in the Age of Virtual Reality (pp. 117-128). Maastricht, the Netherlands: Shaker PublishingEvaluation of a virtual reality-based ergonomics tutorialDietmar Gude, Eike Branahl, Philipp Kawalek, Andreas Prions & Wolfgang LaurigInstitut für Arbeitsphysiologie an der Universität Dortmund, GermanyAbstractThe interest in distributing education via the World Wide Web, in the form of web-based training (WBT), has increased greatly during recent years. Shortcomings of traditional hypertext WBTs have let to the proposal to merge them with virtual reality (VR) scenarios. To test the validity of this proposal, the usability of such a VR-enhanced WBT on the ergonomic design of computer workstations was investigated, from two perspectives: the utilisation of the content, in terms of page views and view times, and task performance, using sensitivity and bias indices of signal detection theory, and comparing them to data recorded in an equivalent physical laboratory setting. Results for sensitivity indicate that VR scenarios are suitable to represent the general spatial layout, but less suitable to represent object details, due to current technical limitations. Results for response bias, page views, and time data provide evidence for a cursory information processing, suggesting a high segmentation of the content.IntroductionRecently much effort has been dedicated to developing e-learning applications for the World Wide Web (WWW). The potential benefits of such web-based trainings (WBTs) are manifold, like the use of standard software, rapid and frequent updating of the courseware, and the option to choose location, time, and speed of the study (Daniel, 1998). Despite widespread enthusiasm, the currently available results on the utilisation of WBTs are rather disillusioning, as illustrated by findings of a joint study of the American Society of Training and Development and the MASIE Center (ASTD & MASIE Center, 2001). They determined start rates of such courses at 16 companies in the U.S., the percentage of employees who actually started of those who were offered a course, which was 32% for voluntary programmes, on the average. Completion rates – specified in terms of the percentage of employees who actually finished of those who started a course – are not reported quantitatively but rather described as ‘notoriously low’.Some authors (e.g., Wegerif, 1998) attribute low start and completion rates to the lack of social interaction and teamwork opportunities. Others (e.g., Nielsen, 1999) doubt that the social dimension is the main problem but rather focus on the usability of the corresponding applications. A common strategy in developing WBTs is repurposing already existing courseware for use on the WWW, resulting in applications that are mainly text-based, eventually supplemented by graphics, animations, or digital videos. However, there are research results that render such a simple porting and enriching of already existing material as problematic, due to the characteristics of how WWW content is processed. Most importantly, content is rarely studied word-by-word but rather scanned for keywords, examining corresponding sections in a selective way. This is illustrated by results from NetRatings (2002), which found mean times per page view (view times) of 37 seconds (Germany), 48 seconds (UK), and 54 seconds (U.S.), for example. These view time values are negatively correlated with the Internet access costs in these countries (OECD, 2001), implying that the cursory information processing of WWW content is, at least in part, due to a cost-induced time pressure.Reviewing the research on traditional hypertext applications, Vora and Helander (1997) propose to merge them with virtual reality (VR), which embodies several characteristics of an ideal training medium (e.g., Stone, 2001; Wilson, 1999). First evidence for the utility of this concept comes from laboratory experiments by Howes et al.(2001) on e-commerce, which demonstrated that three-dimensional virtual shops allow better navigation and memory performance than virtual shops based on hypertext or hypertext with pictures in the hierarchy.Several authors, however, warn to expect high levels of usability simply because information is represented in a three-dimensional format, especially if precise judgements of relative positions and distances are required, which are difficult because of the line-of-sight ambiguity of a perspectiveprojection (e.g., St. John et al., 2001; Wickens et al., 2000). Beyond these content-related limitations, there are several technical aspects constraining the use of VR in the context of WBTs. In laboratory-based applications additional and still expensive gadgetry is used, like shutter glasses for stereoscopic vision, to which relatively few WWW users have access. Consequently, only some features of VR can be incorporated, in the form of a two-dimensional (2D) display to give the user the visual impression of a three-dimensional (3D) space, resulting in comparatively low levels of immersion. Furthermore, Howes et al. (2001) mention the high bandwidth requirements of their 3D shops, as another potential problem. Jacko et al.(2000) found that users may prefer highly graphical web sites, but are rather unwilling to tolerate substantial delays. Consequently, the size of VR scenarios needs to be kept to a minimum, by sacrificing their realism to some extent, using simple geometries and avoiding non-essential textures. This raises the question whether the utility of such ‘minimalist’ VR will actually resemble that of laboratory applications or real-world training.In sum, the integration of VR scenarios is viewed as a promising way to overcome well-established deficiencies of more traditional hypertext WBTs, but also associated with qualified concerns about the utility of such applications. To contribute to the clarification of this question, an empirical evaluation of a VR-enhanced WBT on the ergonomic design of computer workstations was conducted. The application allowed the users to practice the evaluation of a workplace scenario, assisted by a checklist specifying the minimum ergonomic requirements.Of the spectrum of usability dimensions relevant for evaluating WWW applications (see Vora & Helander, 1997, for an overview), the study focussed on two aspects, content utilisation and task performance, which were regarded as the most essential, in the present context. One aim was to collect practical data on the way in which the content was received and, especially, the start and completion rates, in a format compatible with the results provided by NetRatings (2002) and ASTD and MASIE Center (2001). This excludes a pure laboratory approach, but rather suggests the application of the online research paradigm (Batinic et al.,2002). Correspondingly, the access to the WBT was unrestricted – except for a registration procedure providing general personal data – and the web server recorded which elements were visited for what period of time.The second aim was to evaluate task performance, in relation to that in a real-world training situation. This was accomplished by analysing the users’ responses to the checklist items, indicating to what extent they were able to identify ergonomic deficiencies of the scenario (hits) and avoided negative responses when there was actually no deficiency (false alarms). Hits and false alarms were analysed by referring to non-parametric indices of signal detection theory. The index chosen for sensitivity was A’ (Grier, 1971), indicating the accuracy of the responses, the index for response bias was B’’d (See et al.1997), indicating the users’ tendency to report an ergonomic deficiency, regardless of their sensitivity. These data were compared to those recorded in a laboratory setting, in which the participants evaluated an equivalent physical computer workstation. Concerning sensitivity, the WBT condition was expected to be generally inferior to the laboratory condition, due to a more cursory information processing, resulting in a speed-accuracy trade-off. This difference was expected to be moderate for the assessment of the general spatial layout of the workstation, but more profound for the evaluation of object details, as a consequence of the limited fidelity of the VR scenario. Concerning bias, no systematic differences between the WBT and the laboratory condition were expected.MethodParticipantsThe analysis of content utilisation was based on 6825 visits of the WBT, recorded during 18 months. The task performance analysis was based on two samples, the WBT group and the laboratory group. The WBT group consisted of a subset of 211 visitors completing the task for the first time, 68 women and 143 men (68%), with a mean age of 31.6 years and a S.D. of 11.0 years. Their occupations covered a broad spectrum: pupils (9%), students (18%), teachers (9%), health professionals (10%), IT specialists (18%), other technical professionals (8%), clerks (19%), and other occupations (10%). The laboratory group consisted of 31 occupational health professionals of two insurance companies, 12 women and 19 men (61%), with a mean age of 41.2 years and a S.D. of 9.5 years. For the participantsin this condition, the task served as a final practice at the end of a one-day seminar on the ergonomic design of computer workstations, organized by the research group.TaskThe participants were requested to identify ergonomic deficiencies of a computer workstation. In the laboratory condition a physical workplace was evaluated, in the WBT condition it was presented as a VRML97-model (Figure 1).Figure 1. View of the computer workstation scenario from the entrance door (LHS) and the checklist with one of the pop-up windows (RHS).The model included interactive elements mimicking those of real-world offices, allowing to open the door, the filing cabinet, and the drawers, moving the louvers up and down, switching the luminaries on and off, etc. To keep the size of the scenario within acceptable limits, some information was displayed in detail in seven separate popup windows (model pop-ups). An example are reflections on the screen, which were presented in a digital photo. The access of the model pop-ups was realised by defining hotspots, which changed the cursor to a pointing hand. The resulting size of the geometry file was 114 Kb; the size of the subsequently loaded textures was 187 Kb, in total.In both the WBT and the laboratory condition the participants performed the evaluation by using a computerised version of Seidel-Fabian’s (1998) checklist for screening computer workstations according to the German labour protection laws. The checklist consisted of 38 items of two types, 13 items were concerned with the general spatial arrangement(e.g., ‘Is the monitor completely supported by the desk and does not project beyond its surface?’), 25 items were concerned with object details(e.g., ‘Is the screen without any glare and reflections?’). For each item an additional explanation was available, which was displayed in a separate popup window (checklist popup), see Figure 1. The checklist pop-ups were retrieved by clicking on hyperlinks that were integrated in the text of the items.With each item the response alternatives ‘yes’ and ‘no’ were presented as radio buttons. A ‘yes’-response implied that the corresponding aspect of the computer workstation complied with thecriterion specified in the item, a ‘no’-response signalled an ergonomic deficiency. The deficiencies represented typical problems at computer workstations, e.g., the screen surface was not at a right angle with the window front. Based on these deficiencies, 20 of the 38 items were to be answered in a negative way.ProcedureIn the laboratory setting the participants first filled a questionnaire assessing general personal data. Subsequently, the experimenter provided standardised instructions about the workstation, the evaluation task, and how to handle the checklist. The checklist was run on a Personal Computer with Windows NT 4.0 in a Navigator 4 browser. The computer recorded the answers to the checklist items and the time required to complete the evaluation. After finishing the task, the participants received an oral feedback about the actually present ergonomic deficiencies and the corresponding correct responses.The WBT was run on a Personal Computer with Windows NT 4.0, Internet Information Server 4.0, and a T2 connection. The web server recorded the visits in standard log files. The visitors entered the application via an index page, the only element of the WBT that was linked with other, external pages or websites. The index page presented a short description of the service, together with the statement that users have to register, for methodological reasons. Via hyperlinks four other pages providing background information could be accessed, (a) the preview page with information about the content of the WBT, (b) the requirements page with technical information about the required hardware, software, and browser configuration, (c) the about page with information about the project background, and (d) the contact page with information about how to get in touch with the authors of the WBT in case of problems or questions.A fifth hyperlink initiated the registration procedure. First-time users had to fill a form that recorded general personal data, e.g., age, gender, and occupation. Finally, the users selected a user name and password, for future logins.After registration the scenario frameset with the model of the computer workplace in the left frame and the checklist in the right frame was presented. Having completed the checklist, the users pushed a button that submitted their responses to the web server, together with their user name and task completion time, and initiated the presentation of a feedback page.The feedback page was identical to the submitted checklist, with the exception that the correct responses were marked by hyperlinks (the ‘yes’ or ‘no’ text of the radio buttons). Clicking on such a hyperlink, a feedback pop-up appeared, with an explanation why the marked alternative was the correct one. Moreover, at the end of the page the performance was summarised in a table, presenting the percentages of hits and false alarms, together with an explanation of these terms.ResultsContent utilisationBased on the log files of the web server, the number of page views and the mean view times of the different elements of the WBT were computed, which are presented in Figure 2. According to this, the index page had the largest number of views, because all visitors entered the application via this page. The view time was about twofold of the average view time of German WWW users.Of those pages that could be directly accessed via hyperlinks, the preview had the highest number of views, more than half of that of the index page. Compared to this, the visitors were much less interested in the technical requirements page, the about page, and the contact page. This implies that before registering most visitors first wanted to get more information about the content, but did not check in detail the identity of the source of this service and whether the WBT would actually work with their hard- and software. The view times of the four pages correlate with the amount of content – the description of the technical requirements was the most complex text, the contact information was the most elementary.The start rate, the relation between the number of page views for the scenario and the index page, and the completion rate, the relation between the number of page views for the feedback and the scenario page, were both quite low. In about one-fifth of the cases the scenario was accessed, and inless than one-third of these cases the entire checklist was filled and submitted to get feedback. On the other hand, the view times of the scenario and the feedback page were both about sevenfold of the average value for German WWW users.Figure 2. Elements of the WBT and their relationships, with the number of page views (pv), the conditional probability of a page view [p(pv|pv x)], and the mean view time (vt). The conditional probabilities for the model, checklist, and feedback pop-ups were computed by dividing the number of page views by the number of pop-ups (7, 39, and 42, respectively) and by the number of page views of the superordinate page.Scenario and feedback page contained links to three sources of additional information, the model, checklist, and feedback pop-ups. Generally, the conditional probabilities for the retrieval of the pop-ups were low, especially those for the checklist and feedback pop-ups. That is, while all sources of optional information were accessed rather infrequently, scenario related information was of more interest than the other explanatory texts.Task performanceThe mean task completion time in the WBT condition (M= 18.23 min, S.D. = 25.57 min) was significantly shorter than that in the laboratory condition (M = 47.03 min, S.D. = 19.22 min), t(240) = 36.28 with p < 0.001. That is, the WBT users completed the task in less than half the time compared to those evaluating a corresponding real-world workstation, providing evidence for the expected more cursory information processing. On the other hand, they invested almost thirty fold of the average view time of German WWW users.The sensitivity index A’ and the response bias B’’d were analysed in two separate 2 x 2 ANOVAs with the between-participants variable presentation (laboratory vs. WBT) and the repeated measurement variable item type (object details vs. general spatial arrangement). In the analysis of A’, the main effect of presentation was significant, F(1, 240) = 9.19 with p < 0.01, but there was also a marginally significant main effect of item type, F(1, 240) = 3.81 with p= 0.05, and a marginally significant interaction between presentation and item type, F(1, 240) = 3.31 with p= 0.07. In the analysis of B’’d, all effects were significant, the main effect of presentation, F(1, 240) = 17.18 with p < 0.001, the main effect of item type, F(1, 240) = 60.81 with p = 0.001, and the interaction between presentation and item type, F(1, 240) = 22.56 with p = 0.001. The effect patterns of the two variables are presented in Figure 3.The sensitivity index A’ can vary between 0.5 (chance level) and 1.0 (perfect, 100% hits and 0% false alarms). In the laboratory condition object details and aspects of the general spatial arrangement were judged with intermediate and identical accuracy (M = 0.74, S.D. = 0.09 and M = 0.74, S.D. = 0.17, respectively). Compared to this, the WBT condition had a generally lower sensitivity (M = 0.64, S.D. = 0.12 and M = 0.70, S.D. = 0.16, respectively). However, the difference between the laboratory and the WBT condition was significant only for the object detail items, F(1, 240) = 17.39 with p <0.001, not for the general spatial arrangement items, F(1, 240) = 1.25 with p > 0.20. The finding that the general spatial arrangement was evaluated more adequately than the object details is in accord with the initial expectation, that the representation of the latter would be problematic in the VR scenario. But the found accuracy in evaluating the general spatial arrangement, which was equivalent to that in the laboratory condition, was better than expected and underlines the efficiency of the VR scenario, especially if one takes into account that the WBT condition was considerably faster than the laboratory condition.Figure 3. Effects of presentation and item type on sensitivity A’ (LHS) and response bias B’’d (RHS). (A’ = 0.5 + [(h-fa)(1+h-fa)]/[4h(1-fa)], B’’d = [(1-h)(1-fa)-h*fa]/[(1-h)(1-fa)+h*fa], with h = hits and fa = false alarms.)The bias index B’’d varies between –1 (by always responding ‘no’, 100% hits and 100% false alarms) and 1 (by always responding ‘yes’, 0% hits and 0% false alarms). In the laboratory condition there was a significant difference between the item types, F(1, 30) = 39.26 with p = 0.001, the bias for the object detail items was larger than that for the general spatial arrangement items (M = 0.44, S.D. = 0.40 and M= -0.25, S.D. = 0.70, respectively). That is, the general spatial arrangement of the computer workplace was analysed in a more sceptical way than the object details. The same difference was found for the WBT condition, F(1, 210) = 18.53 with p = 0.001, but here it was less pronounced (M = 0.60, S.D. = 0.52 and M = 0.43, S.D. = 0.67, respectively). Moreover, in the WBT condition the bias values were generally larger, indicating that the users were less sceptical about the ergonomic design of the workstation. This finding implies that the more cursory information processing did not affect the sensitivity, as expected initially, but rather the response bias.DiscussionSummarising the results, the VR-enhanced WBT was of interest for a large number of people from a wide spectrum of occupations, who invested much more time than usual for WWW applications, and most importantly, showed a performance which was comparable to that of participants which completed the task under equivalent laboratory conditions. But the results also suggest some important qualifications, that currently VR scenarios are not necessarily the best choice for all types of content and that the task structure of the WBT was not optimally tuned to the specific way people are processing information on the WWW.The sensitivity in judging the general spatial arrangement was not significantly different from that in a physical laboratory setting, supporting the notion that VR scenarios can adequately simulate aspects of a real-world situation (Stone, 2001; Wilson, 1999), which was even the case for the ‘minimalist’ application investigated here. The judgement of object details, on the other hand, turned out to be more difficult than in the laboratory condition. This result is to be attributed to the limited fidelity of the scenario, to allow its use on conventional computer equipment and to keep download time to an acceptable value, as WWW users are known to be rather unwilling to tolerate substantial delays (Jacko et al., 2000).The limited fidelity could not be compensated for by providing information on details in separate pop-up windows, as this optional information was retrieved rather infrequently. This could have beendue to a low saliency of the corresponding hotspots, as the users did not know their position in advance, but rather needed to scan the scenario with the mouse, to detect elements of the model where the cursor changed to a pointing hand. On the other hand, for the checklist and feedback pop-ups as two other sources of optional information, which were accessed via hyperlinks, even lower retrieval rates were found. That is, the users had a pronounced tendency to generally ignore optional information, which implies that rather all performance relevant information need to be presented in a direct way.Returning to the fidelity problem, the results make clear that presently VR scenarios are not the ‘one best way’ to display content – in case of subjects in which details are essential other media would be more adequate. But this problem is expected to be less grave in the near future, with the more widespread availability of high bandwidth and sophisticated computer hardware the quality of VR scenarios for the WWW will approach that of laboratory-based applications.Not only the results on sensitivity, but also those concerning response bias indicated that the WBT simulated the conditions of real-world performance. As in the laboratory setting, the response criterion for the evaluation of object details was more liberal than that for judging the general spatial arrangement. But also a generally more liberal criterion was found. This result, together with the much shorter task completion time, provides evidence for a rather cursory than analytical information processing style, which is in line with the generally short times per page view of WWW users (NetRatings, 2002). One might expect that this problem would be mitigated, at least in part, by lower Internet access costs and especially a higher diffusion of time-independent cost models.Finally, the low start and completion rates need to be addressed. This finding could be put into perspective, as there have been, undoubtedly, a number of visitors whose primary motivation was just to take a glimpse. But it nevertheless raises the questions what barriers existed and how they could be lowered or eliminated, to tap the user potential to a larger extent. Regarding the start rate, which was of similar magnitude as that found by ASTD and MASIE Center (2001) for voluntary courses, the general attractiveness of the topic and the content does not seem to have been a problem, as implied by the frequent access of the preview section. Rather, a considerable number of potential users might have been discouraged by the registration procedure, which was included for methodological reasons, to get information about the user population. Consequently, in applications without an online research background such a procedure should not be included. On the other hand, an identification mechanism is also essential for advanced, individual centred applications, e.g., for tracking progress and providing session-spanning feedback. If this is required, the registration procedure needs to be unobtrusive as possible.Concerning the completion rate, the WBT obviously overstrained the endurance of many users, by simulating a complete evaluation of a computer workplace before providing performance feedback, which resulted in a mean task completion time that was almost thirty fold of the average view time of German WWW users. On this background, a more adequate solution would have been to break down the task into smaller units. That is, rather than asking for 38 responses at once, the task could have been structured according to different aspects (e.g., furniture, technical equipment, arrangement of the workstation facilities), or broken down to single items, each with a separate feedback loop. While it is evident that a ‘bit-wise’ presentation of WBT courseware is essential, to match the cursory information processing style of WWW users, general guidelines for the proper specification of content units are currently not at hand, which is one of the most urgent research questions in this field, from our point of view.AcknowledgementsThis investigation was conducted in the context of the joint research projects INTEGRAL and INTEGRAL II (Methodological integration of web-based multimedia and interactive tools to assist interdisciplinary learning in ergonomics programmes), which were supported by grants from the Joint University Competence Network for Multimedia and the German Ministry of Education and Research (Förderkennzeichen 08NM133A), respectively. We wish to thank our colleagues in these projects for their conceptual contributions, especially Ralph Bruder and Matthias Rötting.ReferencesASTD & MASIE Center (2001). 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