英美文化复习范围

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英美文化Unit3（学习资料）

英美文化教程Unit 3Chapter 3. Which English?I . Focal Pointsthe roots of the English languageOld EnglishMiddle Englishdifferences between Old English and Middle Englishdifferences between Middle English and Modern EnglishModern EnglishShakespeare' s EnglishBBC EnglishStandard Englishchanges in the English languageThe King' s English and the advice given in the bookII. Questions and Answers on the T ext1. Why did the Celtic people leave little that could later be incorporated into English?They left little that could later be incorporated into English because these people had no written language.2.Where can we find relics of Celtic?We can find relics of Celtic in place names.3.What are the Celtic languages that survive in Britain today?The Celtic languages that survive today are Welsh, Scottish Gaelic and Irish Gaelic.4 What is meant by lingua franca? Give one example of lingua franca ever used in British history.Lingua franca is any language widely used as a means of communication among speakers of other languages. One example is Latin, which became the lingua franca of Britain after the Romans, invaded Britain in 55 BC.5.When did the English alphabet appear? What scripts was it adapted from?The English alphabet appeared sometime between AD 500 and 700. It was adapted from Roman scripts.6. When did the history of the English language really begin? What happened then? The history of English really began around AD 450 when the Angles, Saxons and Jutes - tribes from north-west Germany and Denmark-invaded England in succession.7. How did the four dialects of Old English emerge?After the Germanic tribes of Angles, Saxons and Jutes had taken control of Britain and settled, the four main dialects of Old English emerged from the Germanic dialects.8. What is the ancestor of the modern English language?The ancestor of the modern English language is Old English of Anglo-Saxon.9. What scripts did writers of the Old English period use?Writers of the Old English period used both Latin and Germanic scripts.10. How did the Scandinavian influence enter Old English?The Scandinavian influence entered Old English by way of the Vikings from Scandinavia.11. How large was the vocabulary of Old English by the end of its period?By the end of its period, Old English contained a vocabulary of 30,000 words.12. Name one best-known Old English writer and his works.One of the best-known Old English writers was the V enerable Bede (673--735). His Ecclesiastical History of the English People is one of the main sources of information about the history of Anglo-Saxon English.13. What became the official language of England after the Norman invasion led by William the Conqueror? What language did the common people speak?After the Norman invasion led by William the Conqueror, Norman French became the official language of England. The common people, however, continued to speak their Anglo-Saxon language.14. In English, why do many words connected with administration come from Norman French?Many English words connected with administration come from French because after the Norman invasion Norman French became the official language of England, and the most important positions were given to Normans, who organized government and public affairs.15. What is known as Middle English?The blend of Anglo-Saxon, Latin and French which developed in the three centuries after the Norman Conquest is known as Middle English.16. When did Middle English begin?Middle English began in 1066.17. Why did the literature of England become trilingual in the three centuries following 1066?The literature of England became trilingual because the literature was written in Middle English, which is a blend of French, English and Latin.18. In Middle English, what is meant by the Romance words, and what is meant by the Germanic words?Romance words were the Latin and French words; Germanic words were the English and Scandinavian words.19. Who was the most important writer who used Middle English?The most important writer who used Middle English was Geoffrey Chaucer.20. What is the basic difference between Old English and Middle English?The difference between Old English and Middle English lies mainly in the abandonment of the system of grammatical inflexions.21. In what aspects did the changes from Middle English to Modern English take place?The changes from Middle English to Modern English involve mainly pronunciation, vocabulary and spelling.22. When did the spellings and written forms of English begin to become standardized?The spellings and written forms of English began to become standardized at the end of the fifteenth century, with the invention of the printing press (1476).23. When did Modern English start?Modern English started from about AD 1500.24. What does BBC stand for? When was it founded? What was its motto?BBC stands for the British Broadcasting Corporation. It was founded in 1927. Its motto was Nation Shall Speak Peace Unto Nation. It meant that the English in which the voice of peace was broadcast over the radio should be universally understood.25. Whose particular style of speech is usually recognized as Standard English or Received Pronunciation English?The Particular style of speech of the BBC announcers is usually recognized as Standard English or RP English.26. Whom do the speech patterns of the BBC announcers represent?The speech patterns of the BBC announcers represent the educated southern upper class.27. Why has the English language had a very strong association with class and social status?This began from the Norman times when the upper classes spoke a completely different language from the common people.28. What difference have modern ideas of social equality made to language use in Britain?With the ideas of social equality, hallmarks of class distinction such as styles of speech have been gradually discarded, especially by the younger generation.29. What was the attitude towards language use in Britain by the second half of the 1960s? What was the characteristic of the fashionable speech of the day?By the second half of the 1960s, it became apparent that it was not necessary to speak Standard English or even correct grammar to become popular, successful and rich. The fashionable speech of the day was no longer the prerogative of a privileged class rather a defiant expression of classlessness.30. What is the greatest single influence of the shaping of the English language in modern times?The greatest single influence of the shaping of the English language in modern times is the American accents, idioms and vocabulary exported all over the globe by US films.31. What was the characteristic of the fashion of speech in the 1970’s in Britain?In the 1970s, fashion favoured careless enunciation and a language full of jargon, slang and "in" words, much of it quite incomprehensible to the outside world.32. Who were the authors of The King' s English?The authors of The King' s English were the Fowler brothers.33. What is the approximate proportion of Germanic vocabulary and Romance vocabulary in current English vocabulary?Current English V ocabulary is approximately half Germanic (English and Scandinavian) and half Romance (Latin and French).IV. Explanations:1. Old English(1) Also called Anglo-Saxon, it is the first period of the English language from the time of the Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britain in AD450 to the Norman Conquest in 1066.(2) Old English used both Latin and Germanic scripts. (3) Old English is the ancestor of Modern English. It is quite different from today's English.2. the V enerable Bede(1) The V enerable Bede (673--735) was one of the best. known Old English scholar-monks. (2) He wrote the Ecclesiastical History of the English People, which is one of the main sources of information about the history of Anglo-Saxon England.3. Middle English(1) Middle English is the name given to the English language in use from the Norman Conquest of 1066 to the introduction of the printing press in England in 1476. (2) Middle English is the blend of Anglo-Saxon, Latin and French. (3) The difference between Old English and Middle English lies mainly in the abandonment of the system of grammatical inflexions.4. Geoffrey Chaucer(1) Geoffrey Chaucer (1345--1400) was the most important Middle English poet. (2) His masterpiece was The Canterbury Tales.5. Modern English(1) Modern English is the English language since 1476. (2) With the introduction of the printing press in 1476, spellings and written forms of the English language began to become standardized. (3) The changes from Middle English to Modern English involve mainly pronunciation, vocabulary and spelling.6. the BBC(1) It stands for the British Broadcasting Corporation. (2) Its motto is Nation Shall Speak Peace Unto Nation. (3) The motto means that the voice of peace spoken over the radio should be universally understood. (4) The speech patterns of BBC annoumers represent the educated southern upper class, and their particular style of speech is recognized as Standard English or Received Pronunciation (RP) English.7. Standard English(1) The form of English as written and spoken by educated speakers of the language. (2) The style of speech of BBC announcers is usually recognized as Standard English. (3) Standard English is also the most appropriate variety of English for a foreigner learning English to copy.8. The King' s English(1) The famous book written by the Fowler brothers in 1906. (2) The best advice to all those who wish to become proficient in English was given in this book. (3) The best advice is to try to be direct, simple, brief, vigorous and lucid. (4)This general principle may be translated into practical rules in the domain of vocabulary as follows: Prefer the familiar words to the far-fetched.Prefer the concrete word to the abstract.Prefer the single word to the circumlocation.Prefer the short word to the long.Prefer the Saxon word to the Romance.。

英美文化概论提纲

英美⽂化概论提纲Unit 1 a brief introduction to the united kingdom 1⼀ a brief introduction1．全称 The United Kingdom of Great Britain and northern Ireland--P17 III 12．构成England LondonScotland EdinburghWales CardiffNothern Ireland Belfast--P17 III23．历史A公元43世纪RomanB公元7世纪Anglo –saxons 安格鲁撒克逊⼈C 8世纪末阿尔弗雷德⼤帝King Alfred北欧海盗D 1066年诺曼征服NormansWilliam of NormandyBattle of HastingsKing Harold4.英国内战 civil war 资产阶级⾰命⼆Scotland1. Glasgow 最⼤城市 --P16 II 82. ⼤学15世纪 ancient and international university --P17 III 11三WalesUnlike England it did not fall to the Anglo-Saxon invaders of the 5th century --P16 II 11名词解释London：the largest city located in the south of the country . London is dominant in the UK in all fields；government finance and culture.London is one of the top three financial centers in the worldUnit 2 a brief introduction to the united kingdom iiNorthern Ireland1.宗教爱尔兰⼈是天主教徒 Catholics英国⼈是新教徒 Protestants--P33 I 62.1921年独⽴ Irish State (分⽔岭)3.爱尔兰南部26郡成⽴⾃由邦北部6 郡仍属英国—P34 II 104 .Loyalist 民族派希望加⼊爱尔兰共和国Unionist 联合派亲英国5.The official IRA 倾向于政治⼿段解决–P34 III 4The Provisional IRA 军事–P35 III 5“The Bullet and the Ballot Box”—P35 III 106.区分 Sinn Fein是政党 --P33 I 8/P35 III 11,121919 IRA是军事团体⾮政党7 .1973年 Power-Sharing mechanism权利分享机制—P34 II 88.1972 “Bloody Sunday”—P34 II 79．1985 Anglo-Irish agreement --P33 I 910． Downing –Street Declaration唐宁街宣⾔授权英军司令直接⼲预北爱治安事务名词解释1．”Home-rule”:1914年被签署成为法律。

英美文化复习重点

英美文化复习重点第一章古代西方哲学的发展一、Greek RationalismThe word “philosophy” is Greek for “love of wisdom” and has come to mean a systematic search for answers to life’s great questions.P11 Socrates (470—399 B.C.)名言⑴“One thing only I know, and that is that I know nothing”P3⑵“he who know what good is, will do good.”P42 Plato (428—347 B.C.)名言⑴ The earlier natural philosophers asked “what allows our changing world to be based on something that is unchanging?”(不是Plato说的)Plato now asked, “what is eternally true”, “eternally beautiful”and “eternally good”? 真善美 P4⑵ If Plato’s motto was “mind over matter”then Aristotle’s motto was “matter over mind.”如果柏拉图的座右铭是“精神高于物质”，那么亚里士多德的格言是“财富高于物质” P53 Aristotle (385—323 B.C.)二、The Middle Ages(ca 476 A.D.—ca 1400A.D.)三、The Renaissance(ca 1400--1700)1 Rene Descartes (1596--1650) 笛卡尔 P8⑴He did not believe that man knew nothing. This belief led him to ask another important question, “what is the relatio nship between the body (matter) and the mind (spirit)?” according to Descartes, the human body is a perfect machine, followingnatural laws. But man also has a mind which interacts or operates independently from the body. 人体是一个完美的机器，遵循自然规律。

英美文化教程

英美文化教程复习资料一、知识点：英国部分1、英国组成，国旗，国歌：The United Kingdom of Great Britian and Northern Ireland is a union made up of four constituent countries: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.The Union Jack is the national flag and God Save the King/Queen is used as the national anthem.2、英国语言经历点阶段：he history of the English language has generally been divided into Old English, spoken by theancient Germans lasting from 450 to 1150; Middle English from 1151 to 1500; and Modern English beginning from 1501.3、抵抗丹麦的皇帝：Alfred the Great, King of Wessex大宪章：The Great CharterThe Great Charter is a most important document in England history. It has been called “the corner stone” of English history. The Great Charter provides that the king should permit merchants to move about freely and should observe the privileges of the various towns, which were growing in number and size.4、宪章运动In 1837 the London Workingman’s Association worked out the famous document, The People’s CharterThe People’s Charter constituted six points:（人民宪章）(1)Votes for all males.(2)Annual election of Parliament (instead of general election every seven years).(3)Payment of Members of Parliament (so that poor men could afford to take part in political activities).(4)Secret voting (so that to avoid bribery and intimidation).(5)Abolition of property qualifications for Parliament Members (so that workers could seek to be elected).(6)Equal electoral districts (so that the large population of the workers could enjoy a corresponding share of thevotes).The People’s Charter was formally adopted at a meeting of workers held on August 8, 1838, on Newhall Hill.In 1840, the Chartist Movement witnessed the second upsruge.In 1848, the Chartist Movement expericenced the third and last upsruge.5、英国两院制上议院、下议院(议会)The parliament(议会) is bicameral (两院制), with an upper house, the non-elected House of Lords, and a lower house, the elected House of Commons.The House of Lords includes two different types of members: the Lords Spiritual and the Lords Temproal.The House of Lords today is more a place of discussion and debate than one of substantial power. It main functions include debating the issues of the day and improving certain non-tax bills inadequately considered by the Commons before they are passed into low. In some rare cases, it may delay the passage of bills approved by the Commons, but only for up to a year.The House of Commons is a democratically elected chamber with elections to it, held at least every 5 years. The two Houses meet in separate chambers in the Palace of Westminster, in the City of Westminster in London. House of Commons is the lower house of the Parliament of the UK. The Commons is a democratically elected body, consisting of 646 members. The leader of the party with the majority of seats becomes the Prime Minister, head of the government. He or she then chooses an inner cabinet of key ministers and appoints junior ministers in various ministers.Power:1.Legislative(立法权)：The House of Commons has the supreme authority of the legislation, their motion can directly get Royal Assent.2.finace power(财政权)：only the house of commons has the right to propose the motion on tax or supply(只有下议院才有权力提出税收及供应的权力)3.Suprvise the government (监督政府)：as the head of the government, if the prime minister wants to continue in office, he/she must be admitted by the House of Commons. It has the right to impeach(弹劾) the prime minister or the government. Functions: Members of Parliament are involved in considering can drafting new laws.MPs can use their position to ask government ministers questions about current issues.To supervise, or oversee finance.6、两大政党The Conservative Party: 1 relatively rich and privileged;2 maintenance of the existing institutions as itspolicy;3last word in deciding policy by its leader;4 conference for the leader’guidance but a device for making the party’s policyThe Labor Party: 1 relatively poor and underprivileged; 2 strong in the heavily-populated industrial areas and particularly associated with the working class; 3 nationwide organization, few resources and heavily depends on the trade unions; 4 conference for making the party policy(1)The Conservative Party supports free enterprise and privatization of state-owned enterprises. It is against too muchgovernment intervention, especially nationalization, which not only takes control away from the owners and builders of industry, but also leads to inefficiency. The Conservative Party favors reducing the influence of trade unions and minimizing expenditures on social welfare. It policies are characterized by pragmatism and a belief in individualism. (2)The Labor Party believes in an egalitarian(平等主义的) economy, transferring wealth from the rich to the poor by meansof taxing the most affluent members of society and providing support for the poor in society. They deem the government responsible for the provision of range of public services, such as social welfare, education and public transport. The Labor government that came to power in 1945 had a major effect on British society. It set up the National Health Service to provide high quality, free health care for all, “from cradle to grave”, providing a range of welfare payments, and most controversially, it “nationalized”a wide range of industries, making a mixed economy of both private-and state-owned enterprises. The Labor Party became known as a party of high taxation.7.The Open University （开放大学）a degree-granting institution that provides courses of study for adults of all ages through television, radio, produced books, audio/video cassettes, correspondence courses and local study programmes.8. 19世纪末英国经济绝对—相对衰退Absolute Decline and Relative Decline9英国教育：四大私立中学，大学四大私立中学：Eton Harrow Rugby Winchester大学：Ancient Universities founded before the 19th centuryLondon Universities founded in the 19th and early 20th centuriesRed Brick Universities founded in the 19th and early 20th centuriesPlate Glass Universities founded in the 1960sThe Open Universities founded in 1968 (重点)P137New Universities created in or after 1992古老的大学：The university of Oxford(历史更久)；The university of Cambridge10 “British history has been a history of invasions”.British history has been a history of invasions. Before the 1st century AD Britain was made up of tribal kingdoms of Celtic people. They brought the central European culture to Britain. Then in 43AD, Roman Empire invaded Britain and controlled it f or slave society but also disseminated their Catholicism.However, in the 5th century, the Roman Empire rapidly waned in power and Britain was conquered by the Angles and the Saxons. In order to defend the Saxons, a great leader—King Arthur appeared. He created the "round table" to satisfy all the kni ghts' requirement of having equal precedence. Thus it gradually formed the monarchy in Britain as a more democratic system. Whether Arthur's a real person in the history or not, Anglo-Saxons did succeed in invading Britain and they were the forefathers of the English.In the 8th century, the Vikings from Denmark controlled the northern and eastern England. An Anglo-Saxon hero, king Alf red the Great fought against the Vikings with the truly English. And that's why there's a certain cultural difference between nort herners and southerners in England. Later, the Normans from northern France, under the leading of William of Normandy, kille d the king and William became the First of England. They imported a ruling class that French-speaking Norman aristocracy rule d Saxon and English-speaking population. In this condition, there weren't a lot of rebellions among the English people. That dir ectly formed an English unique character: a richly unconventional interior life hidden by an external conformity. Even today, w e can still find this personality from the British people through their lifestyles.In fact, such invasion is a peaceful history of joining together the various parts of the British Isles and the power graduall y transferred from the monarch to the parliament. So the constitutional monarchy has been established in Britain.11.English Language (s三个阶段)：old English period—middle English period---modern English period二、英国选择、填空、简答题1、The British Isles are situated in the northwest of the Europe.2、The highland zone is an area of high hills and mountains in the north and east of Britain.3、The Pennine Chain is sometimes called the backbone of England.4、The Severn River is the longest river in Britain.5、Lough Neagh in Northern Ireland is the largest lake in the UK.6、The British Isles are cut off from the continent by the English Channel.7、On the north and the east, the Isles face the North Sea and on the west they face the Atlantic Ocean.8、The highland zone is cooler than the lowland zone, and receives more rainfall and less sunlight.9、The Highlands act as a divide and determine whether rivers flow west to the Irish Sea or east to the North Sea.10、The seven Conurbations in Britain contain one third of the population of the country.11、The English people are descendants of Anglo-Saxons.12、Middle English took shape about a century after the Norman Conquest.13、London dialect was once disseminated throughout the country NOT because London was a D center.A. commercialB. politicalC. printingD. linguistic14、Scotland has had a separate legal system.15、The English people are the descendants of Anglo-Saxons , while the Scots, Welsh and Irish are the descendants of the Celts.16、Generally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a two-party system.17、In Britain, the parliament general election is held every five years.18、The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism and a belief in individual.19、The Labor Party affected the British society greatly in that it set up the National Health Service.20、Other countries have “citizens”. But in Britain people are legally described as subject.21、Elizabeth II succeeded to the throne in 1952.22、Which of the followings in not RIGHT to describe the Prime Minister? DA The head of CabinetB The head of civil serviceC The leader of the Party in powerD The head of the country23、The third largest political party in Britain is the Liberal Party.24、The British economy achieved global dominance by 1880s.25、Which of the following statements is NOT true about the UK economy? CA. Britain remains one of the Group of Seven largest industrial economies.B. Britain has experienced a relative economic decline in 1945.C. There has been a period of steady decreasing of living standards.D. Some smaller economies have overtaken the UK in terms of output per capital.26、Which of the following livestock has the biggest number in the UK? DA. Beef cattleB. Dairy cattleC. ChichenD. Sheep27、Which of the following used to be the last independent car company in the UK? CA. FordB. PeugeotC. RoverD.BMW28、In the aerospace industry, which two countries are ahead of Britain? The US and Russia29、Which of the following is NOT a company in the energy sector? BA. ShellB. ICIC. PTZD. British Gas30、”The Jewel in the Crown” of the British Empire India, which provided raw material and a big market for British goods, gained independence in 1947.31、Since 1945, the UK economy has experienced relative decline rather than absolute decline.32、In recent years, Britain is second only to the US as a destination for international direct investment.33、The UK economy can be divided into three main sectors: primary industries, secondary industries and tertiary industries.34、Englishman Frank Whittle developed the world’s first jet engine in 1937.35、What kind of secondary schools now receives the largest number of students? Comprehensive schools36、Which is incorrect to describe the independent schools? CA. They are public schools. C. They are fee-free schools.B. They emphasize the importance of character training. D. Many of them are boarding schools.37、Open University communicates with its students mainly by radio, television programs, local study programmes.38、The University of Buckingham is a privately funded university in Britain.39、If a student wants to go to university in Britain, he will take the exam called General Certificate of Education-Advanced.40、Easter commemorates the Crucifixion and Resurrection of Jesus Christ41、On which day is Halloween celebrated? October 3142、Where are the international tennis championships held? Wimbledon43、Which one in the following is famous for its literary and dramatic criticism? DA. The EconomistB. The SpectatorC.TribuneD. Punch44、Which one of the following is NOT particularly British Christmas tradition? CA.Enjoying the Pantomime C.Eating chocolate eggs.B.The Queen broadcasting her Christmas message D.Shopping on the Boxing Day.45、Margaret Thatcher was the United Kingdom’s first woman Prime Minister.46、Margaret Thatcher’s nickname is the Iron Lady三、知识点：美国部分1、美国简介The United States shares land borders with Canada and Mexico and a water border with Russia.It national day is on 4th of July (Independence Day).Washington, D.C. is the capital of the United States of America.George Washington is the first president.Flag: Stars and Stripes, Old Glory, and the Star-Spangled Banner.The bald eagle was chosen on June 20, 1782 as the emblem.National anthem is the Star - Spangled Banner.The Great Lakes: Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Erie, and Lake Ontario.2、二战与美国America in WWII: 1 From Isolation to Intervention(隔离-干预)2 Battle Against Germany (Normandy Landing诺曼底登陆1944)3 Battle Against Japan(The Pearl Harbor incident 珍珠港事件导火线---- T he Battle of Midway 中途岛战役1942<the turning point of the war>)America After WWII:1Truman and Cold War（The Truman Doctrine 杜鲁门主义）2The Eisenhower Doctrine （艾森豪威尔主义）3The Bay of Pigs Invasion and the Cuban Missile Crisis（猪湾事件和古巴导弹危机）3、美国政治：Three Branches of the American Government(三权分立)The federal government has three branches: the legislative, executive, and judicial. Through a system of separation of powers and the system of "checks and balances," each of these branches has some authority to act on its own, some authority to regulate the other two branches, and has some of its own authority, in turn, regulated by the other branches. The policies of the federal government have a broad impact on both the domestic and foreign affairs of the United States. In addition, the powers of the federal government as a whole are limited by the Constitution.The legislative branch consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives, collectively known as the Congress. There are 100 senators; each state has two. Each state has a different number of representatives, with the number determined by the state's population. At present, there are 435 members of the House. The legislative branch, as a whole, is charged with passing the nation's laws and allocating funds for the running of the federal government and providing assistance to the 50 U.S. states.The executive branch The chief executive of the United States is the President, who, together with the vice president, is elected to a four-year term. A crucial function of the executive branch is to ensure that laws are carried out and enforced to facilitate such day-to-day responsibilities of the federal government as collecting taxes, safeguarding the homeland and representing the United States' political and economic interests around the world.The judicial branch is headed by the Supreme Court, which is the only court specifically created by the Constitution. Thejudicial branch consists of the United States Supreme Court and lower federal courts. Its primary function is to hear cases that challenge legislation or require interpretation of that legislation. The U.S. Supreme Court has nine Justices, who are chosen by the President, confirmed by the Senate, and have a lifetime appointment.4、美国宗教特征: Distinctive Characteristics1.freedom and toleration2.pluralism and diversity3.prospects5、美国教育：The Ivy League（常春藤联）:Harvard UniversityYale University University of Pennsylvania Princeton University Columbia University Brown University Cornell University Dartmouth College四．美国题目1.The United States has altogether fifty states.2.Alaska is the largest state in land area and Rhode Island the smallest.3.Before their conversion to farmland, the Great Plains were noted for their extensive grasslands.4.The longest river in America is Missouri River.ke Superior has the largest surface area of any freshwater lake in the world.6.The climate of the United States, as a whole, can be classified as temperate.7.The Great Plains and Midwest, due to the contrasting air masses, sees frequent severe thunderstorms andtornado outbreaks during spring and summer.8.One natural disaster that frequents the country are hurricanes, which can hit anywhere along the Gulf Coastor the Atlantic Coast as well as Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean.9.The American Northwest sees the highest concentration of active volcanoes in the United States, inWashington, Oregon and northern California along the Cascade Mountains.10.America has plenty of fertile soil. Farmlands in the United States make up about 12% of the arable lands inthe world, and they are among the richest and most productive ones.11.The United States shares land borders with Canada and Mexico, and a water border with Russia.12.The United States secured its independence from Great Britain in 1783.13.The United States ranks as the fourth largest country in the world after Russia, Canada, and China.14.The five Great Lakes are located in the north-central portion of the country, four of them forming part ofthe border with Canada.15.Of the 13 British colonies only Connecticut and Rlode Island.16.The First Continental Congress was attended by the representatives from all the colonies EXCEPT DA. DelawareB.PennsylvaniaC.MassachusettsD.Georgia17.The victory of Saratoga was the turning point of the War of Inpendence.18.When the Second War of Inpendence broke out in 1812, the US President was James Madison.19.The Mexican territories annexed by US and as a result of the Mexican War include the following statesEXCEPT AA.OregonB.TexasC. CaliforniaD.Arizona20.Which of the following is NOT the measure taken by Lincoln’s Administration in 1862 to change the situationand win the Civil War? DA.The passage of the Homestead Act.B.The issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation.C.The allowance of Negroes to join the Union Army.D.The ordering of the Union Army to take over Richmond.21.The US imperialism was marked by all the following EXCEPT CA.highly developed industryB.high concentration of capitalC.free business competitionD.overseas territorial expansion22.When the First World War began, President Wilson immediately called upon the American people to observestrict neutrality.23.The Post-WWII program of economic assistance to Western Europe was known as Marshall Plan.24.Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. advocated the philosophy of nonviolence.。

刘老师的公选课(英美国家社会与文化期末复习资料)

英美国家社会与文化期末复习资料汇总：判断题：1. 英国的君主体制是以君主立宪闻名的。

君主政体实际已无实权。

它的权力受限于法律和议会。

君主立宪制是从1688年的光荣革命后开始。

2. 1863年11月9日，林肯在葛底斯堡阵亡将士公墓落成仪式上发表了简短的演说，他以另人难忘的语言结束了演说“民有，民治，民享的政府永远不会从地球上消失”。

3. 严肃报纸面向那些想全面了解社会事物各方面信息的读者。

英国共有5家严肃日报（《金融时报》、《每日电讯报》、《卫报》、《独立报》、《泰晤士报》）和4家严肃周日报（《星期日电讯报》、《星期日独立报》、《观察家》、《星期日泰晤士报》）4. 许多历史学家都把美国的二十世纪二十年代描写成一个物质上成功，精神上迷惘或漫无目标的时期。

5. 英国人喜欢各种各样的音乐，包括古典音乐，摇滚和流行音乐，爵士乐，民间音乐和轻音乐。

20世纪60年代，一种新的流行文化—披头士，出现在英国的利物浦。

这是由一群年轻人组成的乐队叫披头士乐队，又称甲壳虫乐队。

6. 大公司的出现，城市化及新技术的迅速发展是美国20世纪初经济增长出现的三大特点。

7. 殖民主义者新生活方式的这些特点在美国人性格形成中发挥了重要作用：建立代义制政府，法治，对个人权利的尊重，宗教上的宽容及强烈的个人进取心。

8. 《独立宣言》是由托马斯。

杰文逊起草的，它明确阐述了支撑这场革命的政治理论，这一理论来源于英国著名哲学家约翰。

洛克。

9.苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。

它有三大自然区：北部高地，中部低地及南部山陵。

首府：爱丁堡。

10. 辉格党人和托利党人这两个政党名称皆起源于1688年的光荣革命。

辉格党人是指那些反对绝对王权，支持新教徒宗教自由权利的人。

辉格党人在19世纪中叶与持不同意见的托利党人组盟组成自由党。

托利党人是指那些支持世袭王权、不愿去除国王的人。

托利党是保守党的前身。

名词解释1.诺曼征服 --1066年的诺曼征服也许是英国历史上的最著名事件。

英美文化差异知识点总结

英美文化差异知识点总结1. 语言差异英国和美国的英语有一些差异，主要表现在发音、拼写和词汇上。

比如，美国人通常会用“center”来表示“中心”，而英国人则会用“centre”。

此外，美国人口音通常更加平原，而英国人的口音则带有更多的浓郁地方特色。

2. 民俗活动差异英国和美国的民俗活动也有很大的差异。

比如，英国人喜欢举行独立日游行、庆祝美国独立日等活动，而美国人则更倾向于参加热气球节、感恩节、万圣节等传统庆典。

3. 政治体制差异英国的政治体制是君主立宪制，美国的政治体制是总统制。

这两种不同的政治体制在治理方式上有一些明显的差异。

例如，英国的首相由议会选举产生，而总统则是由普选产生。

4. 饮食习惯差异英美两国的饮食习惯也有所不同。

英国人普遍喜欢喝茶，而美国人则更喜欢喝咖啡。

此外，在食物口味上也有很大的差异，比如，英国人喜欢吃薯条和炸鱼，而美国人则更喜欢吃汉堡和炸鸡。

5. 社交礼仪差异英美两国的社交礼仪也有一些差异。

比如，在用餐时，英国人通常会使用刀和叉来进食，而美国人则更喜欢使用刀叉和勺子来进食。

此外，英国人比较保守，对于性话题的谈论比较忌讳，而美国人则比较开放，性话题在社交中更容易被提及。

6. 宗教信仰差异英国和美国的宗教信仰也有很大的差异。

英国是一个多元宗教的国家，虽然基督教是主流信仰，但也有穆斯林、犹太教徒、印度教徒等。

相比之下，美国则更多是基督教徒，而且宗教在美国社会中的地位也更为重要。

7. 教育制度差异英美两国的教育制度也有很大的差异。

在英国，学生上学的年龄比美国有些早，通常从4岁就开始上学了，而在美国，则是6岁。

此外，在大学教育方面，美国的大学一般在校园内提供宿舍，而英国的大学生通常需要自己租房居住。

8. 体育文化差异英国和美国的体育文化也有很大的差异。

在英国，足球是最受欢迎的运动之一，而在美国，橄榄球、篮球、棒球等运动更受欢迎。

9. 性别平等观念差异英美两国的性别平等观念也有不同。

英国的性别平等观念相对较早形成，女性在政治、经济等方面的地位相对较高。

英美文化复习

1.Christopher Columbus discovered America in1942.1.The 3 forces which caused America to be settled were the growth of capitalism in Europe, the Renaissance、the Religious Reformation.2.The Religious Reformation was started by Martin Luther.3.Pennsylvania was started by the Quakers.4.Maryland was started by the Catholics.5.New England was settled by the Puritans.6.The first settlement was in virginia in the town of Jamestown.7.Martin Luther taught that salvation was only by faith in Jesus Christ.8.The 3 man persons involved in the religious reformation were Martin Luther, John Calvin, King Henry VIII.9.The puritans objected to the Church of England.10.John Calvin taught that God predestined (caused) people to either go to heaven or hell.11.The French and Indian War led to the American Revolution because England made the colonists pay taxes for the war.12.The Puritans came to America on the ship named the mayflower.13.The Boston Tea Party was in 1773 when a group dressed as Indians threw tea off a ship to protect the tax on tea.14.The Declaration of Independence was signed on July 4,1776.15.The Declaration said that all men are created equal had unalienable rights of Life , Liberty ,and the Pursuits of Happiness.16.The industrial revolution spread in America because labor was scarce and wages were high.17.Tariffs(taxes) do not exist between different states and this helps the American economy.18.America has a fluid class structure (that means you can change classes in your life time) which has helped the country.19.A corporation has has “limited liability”.this means that investors only risk what they invest if they buy stock.20.The profit motivate cause people to open and expand business and factories and risk their money.21.When people buy stock in a company, they become part owner of the company.22.The United States Government is divided into what the executive, legislative,and judicial branches .23.Terms: House members-2 years, Senators-6 years , The president -4 years ,Supreme court —for life.24.The Republics and Democrats are the two major parties in the US.25.Americans do not have to join a political party to vote.26. The Supreme court determines if a law is constitutional.27.The Legislative Branch passes laws.28.A federal system is where power is shared between the central government and the state governments.29.The first amendment guarantees the freedom of religion,speech, and assembly(gathering in groups).30.When a president refuses to sign a bill passed by congress is called a veto.31.The Bill of rights(the first 10 amendments) guarantees certain things for Americans like the freedom of the press, freedom to carry weapons, etc.32.If the Presidents does something wrong he can be removed from office by bing impeached.33.You are guaranteed the right to own weapons by the 2nd amendment.34.The 4 parts of the UK are England ,Scotland ,Wales and Northern Ireland.35.The 4 groups which invaded England were the Romans, the Angels&Saxons, the Vikings,and the Normans.36.The Angels gave England it’s name -Angel Land .37.Ronin Hood was known for robbing from the rich and giving to the poor.38.King Arthur forgot against the Angels and Saxons.39.The first son of the monarch is always the Prince od wales.40.Good Friday is the day that Jesus died on the cross for people’s sins.41.The Parliament government body in the UK.It is divided into the House of Common and the House of Lords.42.The UK and the US have a secret ballot - this means that nobody knows how you vote.43.The 3major political parties in the UK are the Labor ,the Conservative, the Liberal Democrats.44.In the story -Doctor Faustus sold his soul to the devil in exchange for the power.45.“For God so loved the world, that whosever believe in him should not be perish ,but have everlasting life.”Comes from John 3；16 in the Bible.46.That “The Lord is my shepherd; I shall no want. He makes me to lie down in green pastures; he lead me beside the still waters, He restored my soul”Come from Psalm 23 in the Bible.47.In Paradise Lost , the devil convince the woman to disobey God by eating the forbidden fruit.48.Christmas is about the birth of Jesus Christ.49.Easter is about the resurrection (coming back to life) of Jesus Christ.50.Protestants are the largest religious group in America.51.Most Americans are either Protestants, Catholics,or Jewish.52.Churches are built by money donated by people who attend and Not by government.53.The largest protestant group are the Baptists.54.All religious groups in America live under the same law and there is no state church, talk with people having problems, teach the Bible, and give a sermon(lecture) each week.cation in the US is a local matter.56.There is no religious instruction in public schools. 90% students attend public schools. There is free for all for 13years(Kindergarten through 12th grade). Local school boards set policy for the school and hire teachers .57.Puritans started education in American because they wanted everyone able to read the Bible.58.Harvard was started to educate ministers.59.Every child is required by law to attend school.60.A normal university class meets 3 times a week for 50 minutes. This is called a 3 hour class.61.Most students take about 15 hours per week at the university.62.Football is the most popular sport in America,63.The super bowl game is held in late January or early February, many people watch the game because of the commercials. A 30 second advertisement can cost $5 million dollars . A tailgate party is held before a football game.64.The number one health problem for the poor in the US is being overweight.65.Star is a popular cultural TV\movie series about the future.66.Mr Spock has pointy ears, if from the planet Vulcan and is known for saying “live long and prosper.” they fly on the USS enterprise.。

英美文化常识

英美文化常识第一篇：英美文化常识英美文化知识素养答题题库2012-04-09 12:20:24| 分类：默认分类|字号订阅英美文化知识素养答题题库 1 单项选择题：美国由___________个州组成。

A.48B.49C.50D.51 答案C 单项选择题：人有绰号，城市有绰号，有趣的是，有的国家也有绰号，如美国的绰号是————，英国的绰号是————A Aunt Sam, Uncle JohnB New Continent, Great BritainC Washington, ElizabethD Uncle Sam, John Bull 答案D 单项选择题：在英美国家，人们通常将“体力劳动者”称为———workers，把“脑力劳动者”称为———workers，而把“服务、维修等行业的人们”称为————workers。

A blue, green, whiteB blue, white, grey.C black, blue, greenD white, blue, black 答案B 单项选择题：在美国土生土长的传统节日是_____________。

A.复活节B.感恩节C.圣诞节D.中秋节答案 B 5 单项选择题：有这样一则笑话：有一次一个外宾对翻译说：“I wonder if I cango somewhere?”翻译回答道“Yes, you can go anywhere in China.”外宾不禁愕然。

你知道这位翻译的问题出在哪里了吗？A 外宾的意思是他想马上离开。

B 外宾的意思是他要上厕所。

C外宾的意思是他想随便走走。

D外宾的意思是想休息一下。

答案B 6 单项选择题：当你给一位英国朋友写信时，你若在写完信之后突然想起来还要补充点什么，此时你通常在补充的内容前加上————这两个字母。

A P,SB OTC C,DD B,C 答案A 单项选择题：中国人喜欢说“自己动手，丰衣足食”，英美人也有类似的喜好，他们称之为______。

【英美文化】各章节知识点

【英美文化】各章节知识点Outline of chaptersAfter learning this chapter you should learn toChapter 1I. terms:culture, iceberg, culture shock, low context culture/ high context culture, collectivism/ individualism, relationship-oriented/ task-oriented, multicultural person, monocultural person, multilingual person, the characteristics of culture II. Questions:1. List some cultural differences between the west and east. at least 5.2. What is cultural stereotype and its influence on cultural learning?3. What kind of attitude shall we take towards cultural learning and cultural generalizations?Chapter 2I. Terms: value, individualism, collectivism, individual-oriented society, group-oriented societyII. Questions：1. The core value of the U.S.: individualism, privacy, equality, informality,directness and assertiveness.2. The core value of Britain: class system, British food, socializing, understatementand so on.3. Different value in American and British daily life.4. Cultural reasons of cheating.5. The child-parent relationship in different culture.6. The difference of American dream and Chinese dream.Chapter 3:I. Terms：Western-style conversation, Japanese-style conversation, low-context communication, high-context communication II. Questions:1.Can you use different ballgames to explain western-style conversation andJapanese-style conversation?2.What are the differences between low-context and high-context communication?3.How should students organize their expository writing in English?4.What are the unspoken rules for a language?5.Can you give a specific example of directness in verbal interaction betweenAmericans?Chapter 41.Illustrate the importance of nonverbal communication.2.Know at least 5 aspects of silent language.3.Explain the functions of nonverbal cues.4.Explain Americans’ perception of time and their time concept.5.Know cultural space and 4 different zones of distance in social space.6.Know two basic American patterns about space.Chapter 51. what are the five general ideas Americans hold towards politics in life?2. why are Americans proud of their political system?Chapter 61. The characteristics of the methods of the western education and the easterneducation.2. The ideals of American education.3. The advantages and disadvantages of the American education.4. Assumptions underlying the higher education system.5. Student-Student Relationships in American schools.6. Student-Professor Relationships.7. The American’s attitud e to plagiarism.8. The reasons why the Asian students excel in American universities.。

英美文化知识点总结初中

英美文化知识点总结初中
英美文化是指英国和美国的文化，这两个国家有着悠久的历史和丰富的文化传统。

初中阶段是学生接触英美文化的重要时期，下面将从英美文化的饮食、节日、体育和艺术等方面进行总结。

一、饮食文化 1. 英式早餐：英国人的早餐通常包括煎蛋、培根、烤面包和烤番茄等食物。

这种丰盛的早餐给人们提供了充足的能量。

2. 快餐文化：美国是快餐
的发源地，汉堡包、炸鸡、薯条等快餐食品在美国非常流行。

3. 下午茶：英国人
喜欢在下午享用茶和点心，这是英国人独特的传统习惯。

二、节日文化 1. 圣诞节：在英美文化中，圣诞节是最重要的节日之一。

人们会互相赠送礼物，家庭成员会聚在一起享用丰盛的晚餐。

2. 感恩节：感恩节是美国
人的传统节日，人们会感谢收获和亲友的关爱，并举行盛大的家庭聚会。

三、体育文化 1. 足球：英国人对足球情有独钟，足球比赛是英国人生活中的重要组成部分。

2. 棒球：棒球是美国最受欢迎的运动之一，每年的世界棒球经典赛
吸引了全球的关注。

四、艺术文化 1. 莎士比亚：莎士比亚是英国最伟大的剧作家之一，他的作品对世界文学产生了深远的影响。

2. 奥斯卡奖：奥斯卡奖是美国电影界最重要的奖项，每年颁发给优秀的电影和电影人。

总结起来，英美文化在饮食、节日、体育和艺术等方面有着丰富多样的内容。

初中阶段的学生可以通过学习英美文化，了解不同国家的传统和习俗，拓宽自己的视野，丰富自己的知识。

英美文化

《英美文化》课程期末复习范围题型及范围1、多项选择题(20%)PPt后多项选择练习2、名词解释(15%，about 40 words)Norman Conquest; House of Lords; Chartist Movement; Lord Chancellor;Gold Rush; Mayflower; Louisiana Purchase; House of Representatives;3、简答题(15%，about 40 words)1. Who was Christopher Columbus?2. What is the climate in Britain like?3. What natural resources is Britain blessed with?4. What are the major causes of the decline of the British economy?5. What are American industries characterized by?6. What are the primary features of the political system of the USA?7. What are the three branches in the constitution of USA?8. Who do you think are among the outstanding leaders in the American Civil War? 4、阅读理解(20%)课外英语阅读理解练习5、论述题(30%，about 100-120 words)1.Why is it said that English people tend to be rather conservative? And what’s your comment about it?2. What are the large rivers and lakes you know in Britain? Point out their length or size.3. What do you know about Margaret Thatcher? And what do you learn from her story of success?4. Why has the United States long been known as a melting pot? What’s your comment about it?5. What geographic features of the United State of America impress you most? Please give your personal comment.6. How do you understand the differences between Chinese government and the American government?。

英美文化复习

英美文化复习Unit 11. National flower---roseFlag—the Union flag or the Union JackAnthem---God Save the Queen2。

hard—workingthoroughopen-heartedhospitablegenerous2. Component parts of the country-——Northern Ireland 、Scotland、England、WalesUnit 21. National flower ：roseBird ：The Bald EagleFlag ：The Stars and Stripesanthem ：The Stars and Stripes ForeverGreat seal : 美国国徽美国风光欣赏(20张）外围为两个同心圆，内有一只白头海雕（秃鹰）雄踞中央，双翼展开,其右爪握一束橄榄枝，左爪握13支利箭,尖嘴中叼着一条飘带，上用拉丁文写着“合众为一"Uncle Sam ：“山姆大叔”是美国的绰号，被用来代指“美国”或“美国政府”，主要在美国、英国,尤其是在新闻界中使用较多。

I need you 用于征兵2。

Ethnic group：White： 65％Latin American descent:16。

5%Black： 12。

9％Asian: 4.6%Native American (American Indians and Inuit) :1。

2％.3. History:Westward movement： 1789—1859Independence War: 1775-1789Civil War： 1860-1865Great Depression: 1929-1933Civil rights movement: 1955–19684. 补充Civil WarTime： From April,1861 to April， 1865Two sides of the war: The Northern States ＆ the Southern StatesCauses of the war： The South wanted to keep black slaves while the north was against slavery.The South wanted to set up a country of their own but the north said it was wrong.Results of the war: The North won and the two sides joined up again。

研究生课程——英美文化（重点）

研究生课程——英美文化（重点）●Introduction to the United Kingdom1、全称The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2、组成England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland3、The Union Flag：The Union Jack，is a combination (union) of the flags of St George, St Andrew and St Patrick.4、Bordered by four seas：to the south by the English Channelto the east by the North Seato the west by the Irish Sea andthe Atlantic Ocean5、The Prime Meridian本初子午线、Greenwich6、England---London、Scotland---Edinburgh、Wales---Cardiff、Northern Ireland---Belfast●Education1、The purpose of education：to provide children with literacy and the other basic skills they will need to become active members of societyto socialize children2、divided into six terms: 9-10、10-12、1-2、2-3、4-5、6-73、The main school holidays are:＊Christmas- 2 weeks＊Easter - 2 weeks＊Summer - 6 weeksThere are also one-week holidays:＊end of October＊mid February＊end of May4、state schools:private schools:public schools=independent schools5、age 16: GCSE exams (General Certificate of Secondary Education)中学毕业证书①quit school and find a job②prepare to sit exams for university entrance :A-levels (General Certificate of Education-Advanced)高级水平测试结业证书③co ncentrate on vocational training:GNVQs (General National V ocational Qualifications)国家专业资格证书6、O-level(Ordinary-level)7、Oxford and Cambridge--Oxbridge (the oldest)8、In Scotland:St. Andrew (1411) Glasgow (1450) Aberdeen (1494) Edinburgh (1538)9、Bachelor(学士)10、departments:chief (professor),Professors, Readers/Senior Lecturers, Lecturers●British Media1、TV、radio、Newspaper2、Quality paper、Tabloids3、The Observer 《观察家报》the world's oldest national newspaper4、The Times 《泰晤士报》the UK's oldest daily newspaper5、The Guardian《卫报》 a national daily newspaper which is radical 激进的in politics and interested in society and social problems. quite soft on crime and quite feminist and shows great concern for green politics. one of the quality press6、The Daily Telegraph 《每日电讯报》quality press tough sentences for criminals, be unsympathetic to single mothers,favour free enterprise over social programmes7、The News of the World 《世界新闻报》tabloid the UK's biggest-selling Sunday newspaper8、The Financial Times 《金融时报》also printed in other countries of the world.9、BBC—The British Broadcasting Corporation（funded by licence fees)ITC—The Independent Television Commission(独立电视委员会）(funded by advertising) The Radio Authority10、Britain’s Got Talent（英国达人）●U.K. Politics1、The Monarchy (君主政体)2、The UK---parliamentary democracy &constitutional monarchy(议会民主制和君主立宪制)3、Magna Carta （大宪章）4、The British Parliament：One of the jobs Parliament does is to check that the Government is running the country properly.5、The Great Council(大议会)6、summoned “by name”(the House of Lords上议院)representatives of communities (the House of Commons下议院)7、The Bill of Rights of 1689 (权利法案)8、The makeup of the Parliament①the Queen (symbolic)①Lords Spiritual②the House of Lords ①hereditary peers②Lords Temporal ②life pe ers③Law Lords③the House of Commons (下议院）The Commons is the most important place for discussingpolicies and making laws.9、The main functions of Parliament are:to pass lawsto provide, by voting for taxation, the means of carrying on the work of governmentto scrutinise government policy and administration, including proposals for expenditureto debate the major issues of the day10、The Cabinet(内阁)11、Labor Party (the newest, the end of 19th century)---a socialist party:The Conservative Party (spent most time in power)The Liberal Democrats (the 3rd biggest) a party of the “middle”●British People1、Quiet, reserved people、A show of modesty谦虚、A sense of humour、Privacy and space、sportsmanship2、Aristocracy贵族、The upper class、The middle class、The working class、The under class●British Economy1、sixth-largest in the world2、third-largest in Europe measured by nominal GDPandsecond-largest measured by PPP3、GDP(gross domestic product) and purchasing power parity (PPP)4、CN、EU、G7、G8、G20、IMF、WB、WTO、UN5、first country in the world to industrialise.6、Three main areas: primary industry 、secondary industry、tertiary第三的/service industry7、Britain’s Economic System:A unique mixed economy( a mix of market economy and command economy characteristics混合市场经济和计划经济的特点) Markets and governmentState enterprises●America Introduction1、Name: the United States of America, the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, the StatesPopulation: over 311 million people in mid-2011Capital: Washington D.C. (District of Columbia 哥伦比亚特区) Area: 9.83 million square kilometersThe most famous river: The Mississippi River (密西西比)The largest lakes: The Great Lakes(大湖区)The mountains: The Rocky Mountains(落基山脉)50 states:48 contiguous (毗连的) states, 2 non- contiguous ones (Alaska & Hawaii)2、The Stars and Stripes(星条旗) National floral emblem (国花)：rose3、The Bald Eagle - An American Emblem National Motto: In God We Trust●Education in the United States1、Goal of Education:T o teach children how to learn and to help them reach their maximum potential.2、About 90% American students attend public schools.10% attend private schools3、American Values: Democracy(No admission exams)、Equality(Equality of opportunity)4、The success of US college application depends on:Their high school recordsRecommendations from their high school teachersThe impression they make during interviews at the universityTheir scores on the Scholastic Aptitude Tests (SATs) (学习能力测试)●Government and Politics In the United States1、The Articles of Confederation(联邦条款)2、The three branches：Congress---the legislative branch which makes law 立法The President---represents the executive branch and enforces the laws 行政The Supreme Court/ the judicial(司法的) branch---explains the law 司法3、Congress made up of two houses: the Senate and the House of Representatives.4、The two-Party System：The Democratic Party and the Republican Party.5、The Constitution limits the powers of each branch, “System of Checks and Balances”.●Traditional American Values and Beliefs1、Traditional American Values ：Individual freedom——Self-relianceEquality of opportunity——CompetitionMaterial wealth——Hard work2、The phrase “going from rags to riches”became a slogan for the “American Dream.”3、American dream：Land of OpportunityRags to Riches—Anyone can become rich, famous, powerful.Jobs and education available to all who want them.Meritocracy (rewards)=skill + effort.Through hard work, courage and determination one can achieve prosperity. Americans can live better than their parents did.4、The big / ambitious dreams：Democracy(民主), liberty(自由), equality(平等), Pursuit of Happiness(追求幸福)5、Freedoms of speechthe pressreligionguaranteeing a fair criminal trial●American Economy1、GNP (Gross National Product).2、The reasons for the success of American agriculture(1) Vastness of the nation and the generosity of nature(2) Advanced agricultural science and technology, highly developed machinery, effective fertilizersand chemicals(3) Well-organized and large-scale agribusiness(4) The readiness of many farmers to adopt new technology like computers(5) The government’s emphasis on the development of agriculture3、the first factory in the U.S.: 1793, Samuel Slater, Rhode Island, a cotton cloth factory●Social Problems1、Racial Problems、Poverty、Drug Abuse、Crime、The Abuse of Power by Government and Corporation2、The United States was founded on the principle of human equality3、Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to stop discrimination in all public places.●American Family1、a family is those people who live with others to whomthey are related by blood, marriage, or adoption.2、usually between 18 and 21 years children are encouraged, but not forced, to “leave the nest”●Holiday1、Legal HolidaysNew Year's Day 1.1Martin Luther King’s Day 1.15Presidents’Day 2月的第三个星期一Memorial Day 5.30Independence Day 7.4Labor Day 9月的第一个星期一Columbus Day 10.12Thanksgiving Day The fourth Thursday in NovemberVeterans DayChristmas DayValentine’s Day Feb.14thEaster the first Sunday that occurs after the first full moon.Mother’s Day: On the second Sunday of MayFather’s Day: On the third Sunday in JuneHalloween: Oct. 31st.。

英美文化常识

About American1.What is the full name of America?The United States of America2 How many states are there in the United States?Fifty states3 What is the capital of the USAWashington D.C.4 Where is the Stature of Liberty?In New York5 Where does the American president live ?In the white houseAbout Britain1 What does UK stand for ?The United Kingdom2 What us the full name of the UK?The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.3What are the four parts of the UK?England,Scotland,Wales,and Northern Ireland.4In which continent is the UK situated?In Europe.5 By which channel is the UK separatedThe English ChannelAbout China1.How many ethnic groups are there in China?562.In which continent is China locatedIn Asia3. what are the four great inventions in ancient China?Paper-making,printing,gunpowder,and the compass4. What is the largest island in China?Taiwan Island5. When was the people’s Republic of China founded?On October 1st,19496. How many stars are there on the national flag of China?Five7 .Name three neighboring countries of China(The answer varies.It could be any three of them) japan,Vietnam,Russia,Cambodia,Laos,etc) three well -known scenic spots in Beijing(The answer varies.It could be any three of them) The Great Wall,the Summer Palace,the Imperial Palace,Tian’anmen Square,etc.9 .Why do the Chinese people usually eat at the Mid-Autumn FestivalThey celebrate the it to honor the great poet Qu Yuan10. what do Chinese people usually eat at the Mid-Autumn Festival.Moon cakes.11.What is the most important traditional festival in China? The spring Festival12. what do the Chinese do on New Year’s Eve?Family members get together and have a big dinner.13. what do people eat on the Lantern Festival?Rice dumplings14. What animal is called “The National Treasure of China”? The panda.。