2000年北京航空航天大学外国语学院721基础英语考研真题及详解【圣才出品】

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[考研类试卷]2013年北京航空航天大学英语专业(基础英语)真题试卷.doc

[考研类试卷]2013年北京航空航天大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷一、选词填空0 Building trust among key stakeholders is a strategic concern for any corporation. Today,【C1】______companies seek to improve their reputations, they can't ignore the environment. These issues are not only top of mind among consumers but also【C2】______by almost half of the survey respondents as an area in which corporations have a negative impact on society【C3】______they pollute and otherwise damage【C4】______ecosystems.Each company must analyze what role environmental issues and climate change can and should【C5】______in its strategies. For some, building trust among【C6】______and seizing an important business opportunity can【C7】______hand in hand. A packaged-goods company that introduces smaller containers【C8】______of recycled pulp products, for example, not only stands to benefit from lower materials and transportation【C9】______but also visibly contributes to the reduction of【C10】______gas emissions.But many corporations would be wrong to focus almost all of their societal efforts【C11】______environmental issues and to forget about【C12】______that are important in their industries. In retailing, for example, our consumer research suggests that【C13】______such as reducing energy consumption and【C14】______environment-friendly products are important for winning credibility as a socially responsible【C15】______The most burning issue for this industry,【C16】______, is the way global retailers treat their employees, so companies should address that one as 【C17】______Indeed, when asked which specific area would be most effective if large corporations wanted to raise their overall【C18】______, 19 percent of consumers said that companies should improve the benefits and conditions of【C19】______employees, 17 percent that they ought to become more environmentally【C20】______.1 【C1】2 【C2】3 【C3】4 【C4】5 【C5】6 【C6】7 【C7】8 【C8】9 【C9】10 【C10】11 【C11】12 【C12】13 【C13】14 【C14】15 【C15】16 【C16】17 【C17】18 【C18】19 【C19】20 【C20】二、选择题21 She had to exercise all her______to prevent clashes between the two opinionated guests.（A）tacks（B）tactics（C）tarts（D）thinks22 His______behavior shows that he's honest, but he seems rude to some people.（A）forehead（B）degenerate（C）forthright（D）forming23 The right of citizens to vote shall not be denied or abridged on account of race, color, or previous condition of______.（A）simulation（B）solitude（C）seclusion（D）servitude24 Doubt and mistrust could creep into our lives, ______personal and professional relationships.（A）converting（B）corresponding（C）consoling（D）corroding25 Dramatic literature often______the history of a culture in that it takes as its subject matter the important events that have shaped and guided the culture.（A）confounds（B）repudiates（C）recapitulates（D）anticipates26 Contrary to the popular conception that it is powered by conscious objectivity, science often operates through error, happy accidents, ______and persistence in spite of mistakes.（A）fact（B）controls（C）hunches（D）deductions27 Compared with their parties, politicians are ______: they are considerably less enduring than the organizations in which they function.（A）ubiquitous（B）autonomous（C）transitory（D）fickle28 Researchers______that genes may determine the strength of the immune system, which could help explain how an infectious disease could have a hereditary link.（A）evaluate（B）estimate（C）speculate（D）anticipate29 The writer has gained such popularity with his readers that even his inanities are now considered（A）trenchant（B）vacuous（C）speculative（D）allusive30 The idealized paintings of nature produced in the eighteenth century are evidence that the medieval______ natural settings had been ______ and that the outdoors now could be enjoyed without trepidation.（A）fear of...exorcised（B）concerns about...regained（C）affection for... surmounted（D）disinterest in... alleviated31 The river was______with industrial waste from the nearby factory.（A）irradiated（B）corrupted（C）contaminated（D）fragmented32 Nonviolent demonstrations often create such tensions that a community that has constantly refused to______its injustices is forced to correct them: the injustices can no longer be______.（A）acknowledge...ignored（B）decrease...verified（C）tolerate...accepted（D）address...eliminated33 In order to be successful in life, one needs to______ in spite of life's challenges.（A）perpetuate（B）persevere（C）preserve（D）pretend34 Despite the fact that the book promises a complete rethinking of the factors contributing to the conflict, the picture that the book paints is______: the causes it suggests are more orthodox than______.（A）unique... innovative（B）commonplace... imitative（C）controversial...radical（D）familiar...revisionist35 The belief that science destroys the arts appears to be supported by historical evidence that the arts have______only when the sciences have been______.（A）declined...attacked（B）flourished...neglected（C）matured... unconcerned（D）succeeded... developed36 ______. Scholars hold differing opinions. Some trace the roots of Chicanos in the United States all the way back to the earliest migrations across the Bering Strait. Others start with Aztec society to demonstrate the historical continuities between contemporary Chicanos and their Aztec ancestors. A third group identifies the "Spanish Borderlands" period(1540 - 1820)as the earliest phase of Chicano history.（A）When does Chicano history begin?（B）There is continuing interest in Chicano history.（C）Chicano history has fascinated scholars for many years.（D）Few are concerned about setting a precise date for the origin of Chicano history.37 Many Easterners think that all California college students surf every day, wear sunglasses indoors as well as outdoors(even on rainy days), and mingle with the superstars daily. ______. A recent survey of students on a large, urban CSU campus revealed that only 2 percent had surfed, and although 40 percent did wear sunglasses, 15 percent of those were doing so on their doctors' recommendations. As for the superstars, barely 10 percent had met a Hollywood actor.（A）The possibilities of such stereotypes are endless.（B）Stereotypes, however, are often misleading.（C）Probably both Easterners and Californians would like to fit all of those stereotypes. （D）Most California students do live up to those enviable stereotypes.38 Accompanying the article on humor were pictures of a leering Groucho Marx and a grinning Sigmund Freud, one a brilliant humorist and the other a brilliant analyst whose own study of humor has been largely ignored. The unlikely pair attracted readers to the article, whose author made two major points. Serious studies of humor are rarely undertaken. ______.（A）Comics would urge us to laugh, not soberly to study laughter.（B）What a joke a Freudian analysis of the Marx Brothers would have been.（C）The studies that are made are rarely taken seriously.（D）Freud was interested in all aspects of the human mind.39 Another area that technology is changing our way of life is entertainment. ______. People listened to music in concert halls or at small social gatherings. For many people now however, music is a solitary experience.（A）Entertainment was once an activity enjoyed by a group of people.（B）The changes in entertainment is only one casein point.（C）Music was once favored by many people, old and young.（D）Music, for instance, was once a group experience.40 As researchers on aging noted recently, no treatment on the market today has been proved to slow human aging. ______. Those findings suggest that caloric restriction could delay aging and increase longevity in humans, too.（A）And scientists found that rats fed a low-calorie diet lived longer on average than free-feeding rats and also had a reduced incidence of conditions that become increasingly common in old age.（B）But one intervention, consumption of a low-calorie yet nutritionally balanced diet, works incredibly well in a broad range of animals, increasing longevity and prolonging good health.（C）What's more, animals eating low-calorie diet survived longer than those eating normally, which means that the maximum life span increased.（D）In addition, studies with monkeys demonstrated that calorie-restricted monkeys have lower blood pressure and a decreased likelihood of heart disease.41 ASo on that perfect October morning, I stopped Carlos and said, Bpoint-blank, "It doesn't seem to Cbother you—Dto be short, I mean. " 42 AWhat is limiting the realization of the opportunity Bare the absence of relevant ideals Cin the minds of the people Dwho are using and developing and innovating these technologies. "43 Bernstein and his colleagues Aassembled a group of Bliberally-minded citizens from Boulder and a separate group of Cconservatives from Colorado Springs Dto discuss climate change, same-sex civil unions, and affirmative action.44 A garden is Aan extension of oneself—or selves—and so it Bhas tobe an arena Cwhere striving does not cease, but continues Din other means.45 Only the gardener Ais capable of endlessly reviving Bso much hope that this year, Cregardless of drought, flood, typhoon, or his own stupidity, this year Dis going to do it right!46 AUnless a journalist for a major paper or TV network is found Bto have run a false story—perhaps because it was "Ctoo good to check"—then his or her career Dis generally over.47 AAs it is, though, I cannot deny that when April comes I find myselfBgo out to lean on the fence and look at that miserable plot of land,Cresolving with all my rational powers Dnot to plant it again.48 There was the Ahighly regarded foreign correspondent who won a prize for articles Bwhich included an interview with a top Taleban official Cwho turned out Dnot exist at all.49 But then, Aboth through some mistakes or lack of care, the plant beganBto wither and decline, and Cnothing I did Dwould bring it back to health.50 This most important measurement Ahas omitted in the studies of the quality of education in this country, the only one, I think, Bthat extends Ceven to children the license to freely speak, write and Dbe creative.51 The No Child Left Behind law, which Amarks its sixth anniversary next month, is the first federal effort Bto hold all public K-12 schools accountableCto the performance of Dtheir students.52 If that kind of thing Ahad happened when I Bhad been young, the whole village would have condemned Csuch an ungrateful son, and his fatherDwould surely have given him a good beating.53 He Asat in front of the young people, his dusty face Bmasking hisage, Cdressed in a plain brown suit that did not Dfit for him.54 ABy studying geometry, students Bcan learn Cwhat to develop logical arguments Dthrough deductive reasoning.55 So he could not resist the temptation to Aplay a little joke on the education system, which Bhad been thrown into Csuch a panic by theDsuccessfully launching of the Russian Sputnik.56 Schools must Ameet their annual goals for all students and those same goals for specified student subgroups, Bincludes members of racial and ethnic minorities, Ceconomically disadvantaged students, English-language learners, and children with Ddisabilities.57 Although Interact Ahas the capacity to bring people together, Btoo often the associations formed online Ccomprising self-selecting groups with little diversity of opinion, Dexplains the Frankfurter professor of law.58 If more students Aare thriving in higher education, high schools mustBnot only help them earn good grades in demanding courses, but also Cstep up their work to guide them through the difficult process of Dchoosing and applying to colleges.59 Evolution Ais always about competition, but for humans, Bwith Darwin speculated, competition among groups Chas turned us into pretty cooperative, empathetic and altruistic creatures—Dat least within our families, groups and sometimes nations.60 The new approach Achallenges the new atheists, who Bsee themselves involve in a war of Creason against faith and who have an unwarranted faith in the power of pure reason and Din the purity of their own reasoning.61 ______is the hometown of Shakespeare?（A）Stratford（B）London（C）Liverpool（D）Edinburgh62 ______is a Democratic president of the U. S.（A）Theodore Roosevelt（B）George W. Bush（C）Bill Clinton（D）Abraham Lincoln63 The 9/11 Attacks were a series of four coordinated suicide attacks upon the United States in the New York City and the Washington D.C.areas in September of______. （A）2000（B）2001（C）1999（D）199864 Wimbledon tennis tournament is held in______each summer.（A）the U.K.（B）the U.S.（C）Canada（D）Australia65 The highest office in the judiciary in the U. K. is______.（A）the Lord Chancellor（B）the Prime minister（C）the Secretary of State（D）the Queen66 The ______ grew up within the relative economic prosperity of the 1950s and 1960s, who created the counterculture of the 1960s.（A）Generation Xers（B）Generation Yers（C）Baby Boomers（D）Generation Zers67 Queen Victoria was the Monarch of the U. K. during the period from______.（A）1066 tol089（B）1837 to 1901（C）1558 to 1603（D）1981 to 198968 In the American welfare reform of 1996, AFDC was changed from an open-ended entitlement program to a block grant program called______.（A）TANF（B）Medicaid（C）Medicare（D）SSI69 Historians refer to the years between the Civil War and the start of the 20th century in the U. S. history as the______, an era of industrial giants.（A）Golden Age（B）Permissive Age（C）Gilded Age（D）Jazz Age70 The faith of "Devine Rights of the King" was held by James I of the House of______. （A）Plantagenet（B）Tudor（C）Windsor（D）Stuart71 The 16th century English Renaissance boomed under the reign of______.（A）Mary Tudor（B）Elizabeth I（C）Henry II（D）Henry VIII72 The following were the welfare benefits granted in cash in the U. S. except______. （A）SSI（B）TANF（C）Medicaid（D）Unemployment Compensations73 After______, England entered the age of Feudalism.（A）the Roman invasion（B）the arrival and settlement of Celts（C）the Norman Conquest（D）the Viking and Danish invasion74 In the U. S. ______ is the language secondary only to English in terms of the number of speakers.（A）French（B）Dutch（C）Spanish（D）Chinese75 ______has/have consistently been regarded with pride by the majority of British people.（A）Public housing（B）The Department of Social Security（C）Trade unions（D）The National Health Service76 In 1944 Congress passed the Servicemen's Readjustment Act, popularly called the______ which granted financial aid to the veterans to go to college.（A）Miranda Warnings（B）Bill of Rights（C）G. I. Bill of Rights（D）Equal Rights Amendment77 ______abolished slavery in the U. S.（A）The Civil Rights Act of 1964（B）The Voting Rights Act of 1965（C）The Emancipation Proclamation of 1863（D）The Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution of 186578 ______was practiced on the Island of Great Britain before Christianity was brought there.（A）Islam（B）Judaism（C）Druidism（D）Presbyterianism79 The main criticisms of the post-war practice of universal state welfare provision were advocated by ______in the U. K.（A）John Major（B）Tony Blair（C）George Brown（D）Margret Thatcher80 In the House of Commons in the U. K. , there are______MPS.（A）659（B）439（C）695（D）539三、名词解释81 Explain the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet.(2. 5 points for each)"common-law" family82 Salad bowl83 GCE-A-Level84 Medicare四、写作85 You will read a table showing desertification in a region. Write a composition of no less than 120 words to describe the trend of the changes, the possible causes and effects, and some effective solutions for these changes on the AnswerSheet.86 Life expectancy has soared in China, while fertility has plummeted due to strict birth control policies. In 2009 there were 167 million over-60s, about an eighth of the population. By 2050 there will be 480 million, while the number of young people will have fallen. Taking care of the old will not only be a big challenge for individual families, but also for the government.Write an essay with the title " How Should the Chinese Society Face the Aging Era" in no less than 200 words on the Answer Sheet.87 Discuss on the following topic with persuasive arguments. Write your answer on the Answer Sheet.There has been a soaring statistics of gun-related crimes, but lobbies for citizen's right to arms remain strong in the United States. How do you interpret this phenomenon?。

北京航空航天大学翻译硕士考研真题,考研参考书,高分经验,考研辅导,考研大纲

北京航空航天大学翻译硕士考研真题，考研真题解析3.“一带一路”建设的原则是什么？2013年习近平主席访问哈萨克斯坦和印度尼西亚时，分别提出建设丝绸之路经济带和21世纪海上丝绸之路合作倡议。

“一带一路”合作倡议契合中国、沿线国家和本地区发展需要，符合有关各方共同利益，顺应了地区和全球合作潮流。

“一带一路”建设秉持的是共商、共建、共享原则，不是封闭的，而是开放包容的；不是中国一家的独奏，而是沿线国家的合唱。

“一带一路”建设不是要替代现有地区合作机制和倡议，而是要在已有基础上，推动沿线国家实现发展战略相互对接、优势互补。

目前，已经有60多个沿线国家和国际组织对参与“一带一路”建设表达了积极态度。

“一带一路”建设、亚洲基础设施投资银行都是开放的，我们欢迎沿线国家和亚洲国家积极参与，也张开臂膀欢迎五大洲朋友共襄盛举。

“一带一路”建设不是空洞的口号，而是看得见、摸得着的实际举措，将给地区国家带来实实在在的利益。

在有关各方共同努力下，“一带一路”建设的愿景与行动文件已经制定，亚洲基础设施投资银行筹建工作迈出实质性步伐，丝路基金已经顺利启动，一批基础设施互联互通项目已在稳步推进。

这些早期收获向我们展现了“一带一路”的广阔前景。

七、亚非领导人会议和万隆会议60周年纪念活动亚非国家领导人，于2015年4月22日至24日齐聚雅加达和万隆，举行亚非峰会，并围绕“加强南南合作，促进世界和平繁荣”主题，本着重振和加强我们的伙伴关系的精神，纪念1955年亚非会议召开60周年和亚非新型战略伙伴关系建立10周年。

国家主席习近平4月22日出席亚非领导人会议并发表题为《弘扬万隆精神推进合作共赢》的重要讲话。

1.万隆会议召开的重要意义？60年前，亚非29个国家和地区领导人出席了万隆会议，形成了团结、友谊、合作的万隆精神，促进了亚非拉民族解放运动，加速了全球殖民体系瓦解的历史进程。

会议在和平共处五项原则基础上，提出处理国家间关系的十项原则，为推动国际关系朝着正确方向发展，为推动亚非合作、南南合作，为促进南北合作，发挥了重大历史性作用。

北京航空航天大学基础英语2005年考研真题参考答案

北京航空航天大学基础英语2005年考研真题参考答案北京航空航天大学2005年硕士研究生入学考试试题科目代码：721 基础英语I. V ocabulary and Structure(40 points，l×40)Part1Directions：Choose one of the four alternatives which is closest in meaning to the underlined word or phrase and mark the corresponding letter.1. “The giant was big” is a tautological statement，to say the least.A. tightB. redundantC. illogicalD. relative2.There is an embargo on any more video games coming into the house.A.1anding placeB. prohibitionC. violationD. permission3.Youngsters are usually more impetuous than old people.A. impatientB. immatureC. impulsiveD. imperial4.Unfortunately.I’ll spend the weekend doing a bunch of prosaic chores.A. dullB. practicalC. trivialD. rhyming5.The crowd at the town meeting found the mayor’s assurance t00 glib.A. sarcasticB. flashyC. maliciousD. readily fluent6.Gazing at the crystalline lake，I decided it was too beautiful to swim in.A. breakableB. futuristicC. delicateD. sparkling7.We cannot vacillate on the question of the party’s leadership.A. leadB. doubtC. checkD. repeat8.It is more difficult for a chronic smoker to give up the habit than for a novice. but it can be doneA .affluent B. confirmed C. disciplined D. indecisive9.They were furious when one of their best managers was poached by another companyA. headhuntedB. punchedC. plunderedD. probed10.The ink had faded with time and so pans of the letter wereunreadableA. indelibleB. inscrutableC. illegibleD. illegitimate1l.She bristled at the suggestion that she had been dishonestA. bridledB. bridgedC. breathedD. boasted12.Investors should study a prospectus before putting money into a big companyA.. positive outlookB. banking agreementC. profit—and—loss statementD. formal business document13.The real hero is never ostentatiousA. frivolousB. pretentiousC. presumptuousD. ponderous14 If you have never held a driving license before，you should apply for a provisional licenseA. providentialB. temporaryC. provincial D .improvised15 John Smith is a voracious book collectorA. viciousB. luxuriousC. insatiableD. valuable16.I don’t think we should make precipitate decisions.A. precipitousB. precociousC. precariousD. precautious17.You need an excursion to break the monotony.A. gauntB. jauntC. vauntD. taunt18.The government appears in a quandary about what to do with so many peopleA. borderB. marshy groundC. dilemmaD. situationl9.It was an auspicious beginning to her career as an authorA. unexpectedB. interestingC. favorableD. doubtful20.The governor was usually circumspect when dealing with the media.A. skilledB. cautiousC. impatientD. obedientPart IIDirections：Choose one from the four alternatives that bestcompletes the sentence and mark the corresponding letter21.The children were having a wonderful time _______on the frozen lakeA. slippingB. slitheringC. skiddingD. sliding22.The campers _______their tent in a sheltered valleyA. establishedB. installedC. pitchedD. fixed23.Human behavior is mostly a product of learning，whereas the behavior of an animal depends mainly on_____A. responseB. impulseC. instinctD. consciousness24.The cultural traditions of the invaders slowly ______the practices of the island dwellersA. spreadB. perpetuatedC. permeatedD. reinforced25.He had always had a good opinion of himself but after the publication of his best—selling novel he became unbearably______A. bigotedB. proudC. conceitedD. exaggerated26.This is the _______piano on which the composer created some of his greatest worksA. actualB. realC. originalD. genuine27.Although，______new deposits of oil will be found，sooner or later，the world’s supply will be exhaustedA. in all likelihoodB. in all possibilityC. in all circumstancesD. in all conditions28.I should like to rent a house，modern，comfortable and ______in a quiet position.A. before allB. above allC. first of allD. over all29.He came to inspect the house ________buying itA. in the event ofB. with a view toC. in case ofD. with regard to30.Let’s not——over such a trifle!A. fall throughB. fall offC. fall outD. fall back31.He is a clever mimic who can take ______most of thelectures in his collegeA. overB. downC. OffD. for32.He tried for forgery in a law court but was lucky enough to______A. get onB. get offC. get throughD. get Out33.The captain turned _______early that night not realizing that the icebergs were SO closeA. inB. downC. intoD. off34.You promised you would do it Why did you go _______on your word?A. backB. awayC. over D by35.The numerals have become，_______his friends and he knows all their relations and acquaintancesA. as it isB. as it wasC. as it wereD. as they are36.A safety analysis _______the target as a potential danger. Unfortunately, it was never doneA. would identify.B. will identifyC. would have identifiedD. will have identified37.Jennifer took this opportunity to repay her friends for their kindness _______she would have had to entertain them in her small apartment in Charlotte townA. OtherwiseB. HoweverC. ButD. Nevertheless38.The window is never opened ______in summerA. butB. exceptC. whenD. while39.Generally，prompt cooling and proper refrigeration of foods Can hold ______bacteria in foods to a safe level.A. a number ofB. the number ofC. an amount ofD. a quantity of40.Jean Wagner’s most enduring contribution to the study of Afro—American poetry is his insistence that it _______in religious. as well as worldly, frame of reference.A. is to be analyzedB. has been analyzedC. be analyzedD. should have been analyzedII. Error spotting(20 points，l×20)Directions：Decide which underlined part is incorrect and mark the corresponding letter41.The process depends, however, upon the drawer，cupboard and storage space beingAprovided，for the 1ack of which some things may literally have no place to goB C D42.Immediately after I put my head on it，I got to understand that translation wasn’t asA Bmechanical a job as I had held it to beC D43.Living in a remote country village，many forms of entertainment are in accessible toA B C Dus44.Thousands of people died even though there was a worldwide effort to send foodA B Cand medicine to the starved peopleD45.The government deems it essential that people are psychologically able to resist theA Bimpact brought about by the transition from planned economy to market—orientedC DEconomy46.At seeing him，I couldn’t resist laughing bec ause hissuit hung loosely, as if tailoredA B Cfor someone twice his sizeD47.What is often stressed in most of the literature，an objective of Women Lib is to doA B C away with unfair discrimination against womenD48.If ambition is to be well regarded, the reward of ambition—wealth，distinction.A Bcontrol over one’s destiny—must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made onCambition’s behalfD49.Mr Smith regretted to blame his secretary for the mistake，for he later discovered itA Bwas his own faultC D50.Nowhere but in Europe we have seen the results so clearly，which really haveA B Csurprised us all51.The parent as teacher-counselor acts in accord with the developmental model ofAchild rearing. by which the child is viewed as an extremely plastic organism withB Cvirtually unlimited potential for growth and developmentD52.For every patient with AIDS，it is estimated that there are 10 times as many as ARC，Aor AIDS—Related Complex, a precursor to the full blown disease，and 50 times as manyB C who already have been infected with the agent human immunodeficiency virus. or HIVD53.If only the nature of the aging process is better understood the possibility ofA Bdiscovering a medicine that Can block the fundamental process of aging seems veryC Dremote54.As far as the great demand for means of transport is concerned. we can developA Bmass transit to take place of private cars.C D/doc/bd2798059.html,puter technology makes it Possible to store vast amounts of data in machine—A Breadable files，and program computers to locate specific informationC D56.Once an occupation came to be received to be “female”，employers showed littleAinterest in changing that perception even when higher profits were expected to beB C Dgained57.It is inevitable that the natural resources throughout the world are diminished as theA Bdemand for them is on the increaseC D58.The men who wrote the United States Constitution did the best they could on theA Bface of circumstances which confronted them at the timeC D59.I am sure one of the main reasons why boys and girls are such good companionsA Btoday is that they are no longer afraid of showing their feeling towards each otherC D60.The data received from the two spacecrafts whirling around Mars indicate that thereA B Cis much evidence that huge thunderstorms are occurring about the equator of the planetDIII. Cloze(10 points，l×l0)Directions：Fill in each underlined space with one word thatbest suits the context of the following passageToday it is out of fashion to speak in 61 of characters But there is no more essential aspect of any person.Character is made up of those principles and values that give your 62 direction，meaning and depth These constitute your inner sense of 63 is right and wrong based not on laws or rules of conduct 64 on who you are They include 65 traits as integrity，honesty，courage，fairness and generosity--which arise 66 the hard choice we have to 67 in life So wrong is simply in doing wrong. not in getting, caught68 some people wonder if our inner values 69 anymore After a11, hasn’t our noted bank executive succeeded in every. visible way，70 his transgressions (错误, 过失) ?VI Translation from Chinese into English (30 points)在找工作的过程中，有面试，就有曙光。

[考研类试卷]2011年北京航空航天大学英语专业(语言学)真题试卷.doc

[考研类试卷]2011年北京航空航天大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷一、简答题1 What are the main branches of linguistics? Please identify three branches and explain them briefly.2 The following sentences may have more than one reading. Would you please disambiguate them and state your reasons?(1)The chicken is too hot to eat.(2)Flying planes can be dangerous.3 What is the difference between literal language and figurative language? Please give concrete examples to elaborate your points.4 Could the sentence "As the night fell, the wind rose" be alternatively expressed as "As the wind rose, the night fell"? Why or why not? Does this indicate a degree of non-arbitrariness about word order?5 What are some important contributions that sociolinguistics has made to language teaching?6 What is construal in cognitive linguistics? Please give examples to elaborate its different dimensions.7 Read the following paragraph and list all the function words, including all forms of be. Give the percentage of function words in this paragraph.She was a small woman, old and wrinkled. When she started washing for us, she was already past seventy. Most Jewish women of her age were sickly, weak, broken in body. But this washwoman, small and thin as she was, possessed a strength that came from generations of peasant ancestors. Mother would count out to her a bag of laundry that had accumulated over several weeks. She would lift the heavy bag, load it on her narrow shoulders, and carry it the long way home.8 What different forms of sound patterning can you find in the following stanza of the poem "Easter Wings" by George Herbert(1593-1663)?Lord, who createdst man in wealth and store,Though foolishly he lost the same,Decaying more and more,Till he becameMost poore;With theeO let me riseAs larks, harmoniously,And sing this day thy victories;Then shall the fall further the flight in me.9 Analyze the following text from the semantic point of view. Explain whether it is justifiable "To call me colored"?ColoredDear White Fella You White FellaCouple things you should know— When you born, you pinkWhen I born, I black When you grow up, you whiteWhen I grow up, I black When you go in sun, you redWhen I go in sun, I black When you cold, you blueWhen I cold, 1 black When you scared you yellowWhen I sacred, 1 black When you sick, you greenWhen I sick, I black And when you die you greyWhen I die—I still black And you have the cheekTo call me colored?。

北京航空航天大学大二航天专业航空英语2考试试卷及参考答案2

北京航空航天大学航空英语2考试试卷及参考答案2一、单项选择题（5’）1.Put your bags and coat the overhead luggage compartment.A、inB、onC、underD、above答案：A2.There are several ways in which airline service can be divided into categories、One distinction is between trunk lines and .A、Feeder linesB、ranch linesC、Stem linesD、Cargo lines答案：A3.Hijackers can be classified into four main types: military-trained terrorists，_____groups using violence，political refugees，or mentally unstable individuals.A、internationalB、politicalC、nationalD、ethnic答案：B4.The most important physical assents that an airline owns are its_____.A、runawayB、aircraftC、pilotD、taxiway答案：B5.By locating passenger processing points conveniently and in a logical order, air terminal designers aim to keep passengers moving through the system in a smooth flow .A、Without delaysB、With some delaysC、with a minimum of delayD、without intended delays答案：C6.An airplane is particularly to the threat or use of violence.A、VenerableB、DifficultC、PreventableD、Far from attacking答案：A7.It's very large indeed; in fact it's the largest plane I've ever seen.A、may beB、usuallyC、oftenD、actually答案：D8.下列哪一项是"国际民航组织"的英文缩写？A、IATAB、ICAOC、UN COED、IAEA答案：B9.下列哪一项是"国际航空运输协会"的英文缩写？A、IATAB、ICAOC、UN COED、IAEA答案：D10.If allow to continue this form of corrosion, will damage an aircraft part repair.A、atB、beyondC、inD、with答案：B11.Pilots are required by law to know the weight of aircraft and its loadingconditions before beginning each flight.A、hisB、themC、theirD、its答案：C12.A consignor refers to the person who _____ goods.A、receivesB、attends toC、sendsD、takes delivery of答案：C13.It is usually the _____ who issues relevant documents such as the Forwarders’ Certificate of Receipt, the Forwarders’ Certificate of Transport, etc.A、consignorB、consigneeC、freight forwarderD、carrier答案：C14.Foreign exchange transactions, if any, are usually attended by the _____ as well.A、commission agentB、exporterC、importerD、freight forwarder答案：D15.It was not until the general introduction of for transport, such as the Douglas DC-3, during the late 1930s that extensive takeoff and landing distances were needed.A、Cargo planesB、heavy monoplanesC、light monoplanesD、seaplanes答案：B16.A freight forwarder originally was a(n) _____ on behalf of the exporter/importer routine tasks.A、importerB、exporterC、shipperD、commission agent答案：D17.Can you decide which short form stands for ICAO?A、International Chicago Aviation OrganizationB、International Civil Aviation OrganizationC、International Civil Association and OrganizationD、Internal Civil Air organization答案：B18.A runway is a defined area on the land of an airport for the landing andtake-off ofAircraft.A、TangleB、SquareC、LinedD、Rectangular答案：D19.Several hours before passengers arrive for the flight of the day, the ground and flight crews atthe airport are preparing the aircraft.A、the ground and flight crewsB、only the ground crewC、only the flight crewD、the ground crew and technical staff答案：A20.Can you decide which short form stands for IATA?A、International Air Transport AssociationB、International Air Tariff AssociationC、International Air Traffic AssociationD、International Air Translation Association答案：A21.The baggage allowance for _____ is _____ kg.A、a minor traveling unaccompanied (20)B、an infant traveling with his parents (10)C、an adult flying C class (40)D、an adult traveling economy with discount fare (20)答案：D22.While high technology equipment has yet to solve all the problems in detecting explosives at airports, there will be a role for bomb-sniffing dogs.A、NotB、continue toC、somewhatD、stop to答案：B23.A baby is defined by most airlines as a child _____.A、who should be accompanied by parentsB、whose age is limited by airlinesC、who has not yet had a second birthdayD、who is not entitled to a seat答案：C24.Baby service is available on most airlines but should be arranged _____.A、during the check inB、when the seats are confirmedC、before boardingD、as soon as passengers board the flight答案：B25.The passenger who travels on an international flight should ____.A、take valid documents such as a ticket, passport and visaB、reconfirm his seats after booking the ticketC、be at the airport at least one and a half hours for check inD、both A and C答案：D二、多项选择题（5’）1.Why are we required to pull up airplane window shades during take-off and landing?A、If there's an accident and the lights go out, at least you have light coming in fromoutside.B、You can see the conditions outside more easily.C、The idea is to match the outside lighting as much as possible so that passenger'seyes don't have to adjust if they have to get out quickly.D、It is a mandatory regulation.E、To save power.答案：ABC2. Support facilities on the airside of the field include .A、fire and rescueB、power and other utilitiesC、aircraft maintenanceD、airport maintenanceE、meteorology答案：ABCDE3. Among the landside services are those related to ground passenger handling; these include check-in, security .A、customs and immigrationB、baggage deliveryC、cleaning and maintenanceD、shops and concessionary facilitiesE、automobile rental答案：ABCDE4.What services are included in handling services at airport?A、CleaningB、provision of powerC、selling ticketsD、helping passengers with security checkE、loading or unloading of the baggage/freight hold答案：ABE5. Why are fresh flowers usually shipper by air?A、Flowers are typical perishable goodsB、Flowers are liable to deteriorateC、Flowers go bad and become rubbishD、Air freight fee is not very highE、Flowers stand for love答案：ABCD搭配题In this part, there are 10 proper nouns & terms. Please match the proper nouns & terms with the Chinese meaning.( )1、Fire extinguisher A、救生衣( )2、Life vest B、折叠式座椅( )3、Folding-seat C、停机坪( )4、Sick bag D、灭火器( )5、Catering truck E、登机桥( )6、Safety railing F、航路( )7、Walkway G、供餐车( )8、Parking place H、呕吐袋( )9、Airway I、停机位( )10、apron -Ramp J、防护栏答案：1D,2A,3B,4H,5G,6J,7E,8I,9C,10F。

[考研类试卷]2012年北京航空航天大学英语专业(基础英语)真题试卷.doc

[考研类试卷]2012年北京航空航天大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷一、选词填空0 The Beatles sang that money can't buy you love. But what about happiness? Research consistently shows that the more money people have, the【C1】______likely they are to report【C2】______satisfied with their lives.And that makes【C3】______; money buys you things that make life easier and more satisfying; the【C4】______your life, the happier you tend to be. That【C5】______isn't entirely linear, since there's a limit to how【C6】______wealth can please you; the happiness benefit of an increasing income is especially powerful【C7】______people who don't have much money to start with, and diminishes as wealth【C8】______But studies also reveal that【C9】______average income levels have risen【C10】______time—in the U. S. and European nations, for example—residents of those countries have not reported being any happier than people【C11】______30 or 40 years ago. It's a paradox that【C12】______income and happiness may be associated within a population at any given moment, overall economic growth does【C13】______appear to correspond to a boost in national satisfaction over time.(See a gallery of things money can buy.)To understand why, researchers at the University of Warwick and Cardiff University decided to break down how individual people【C14】______their income. What does wealth【C15】______to people? Previous work has suggested that people tend to value their own wealth more—and are happier—when it compares favorably to everyone【C16】______The so-called reference-income hypothesis holds that it's not simply how much money you【C17】______that contributes to satisfaction,【C18】______how much more money you make than, say, the national average. The higher your salary than the norm, the happier you tend to be. That could explain in part【C19】______populations as a whole do not experience sunnier dispositions with economic growth, since a majority of individuals may not fall above the national income【C20】______1 【C1】2 【C2】3 【C3】4 【C4】5 【C5】6 【C6】7 【C7】8 【C8】9 【C9】10 【C10】11 【C11】12 【C12】13 【C13】14 【C14】15 【C15】16 【C16】17 【C17】18 【C18】19 【C19】20 【C20】二、写作21 You will read a table indicating the population of Chinese students studying abroad. Write a composition in no less than 120 words to describe the trend of the changes andthe possible causes for these changes.22 Science and technology has greatly improved our life and contributed to human civilizations. However, some say, at present we are pursuing the scientific development at the cost of human nature. Do you agree with this opinion? Why and why not? Write an essay with the title; "The Challenge of Science on Humanity" in no less than 200 words to illustrate your point.三、选择题23 Research shows that eating a better diet may delay the______of certain diseases in some patients.（A）onset（B）induction（C）uptake（D）origin24 The investors will discontinue their investment on the product if its costs continueto______.（A）propagate（B）prolong（C）elevate（D）escalate25 Although sales have continued to increase since last May, the rate of increasehas______.（A）resurged（B）retaliated（C）decelerated（D）demeaned26 The company that Susan works for is ______with an automotive company, so she can get a discount on a new car.（A）correlated（B）paralleled（C）accounted（D）affiliated27 I think William would be most suitable for the job. His work record is______.（A）impeccable（B）impartial（C）rudimentary（D）justified28 The powers and satisfactions of primeval people, though few and meager,were______their few and simple desires.（A）circumscribed by（B）commensurate with（C）fossilized by（D）simultaneous with29 These bright colors look good on you because of your dark______.（A）complexity（B）composure（C）complexion（D）composition30 In the 20th century, the discovery of radium______ the popular imagination; not only was its discoverer, Marie Curie, idolized, but its market value______that of the rarest gemstone.（A）stormed... diminished（B）horrified... approached（C）enflamed... exceeded（D）conspired... triggered31 Some writers who once greatly______the literary critic have recently recanted, substituting ______for their former criticism.（A）lauded... censure（B）disparaged... approbation（C）simulated... ambivalence（D）influenced... analysis32 Fashion is partly a search for a new language to discredit the old, a way in which each generation can______its immediate predecessor and distinguish itself.（A）conform（B）condone（C）repudiate（D）resurrect33 Were animal parents judged by human standards, the cuckoo would be one of nature's______ creatures, blithely laying its eggs in the nests of other birds, and leaving the incubating and nurturing to them.（A）mettlesome（B）industrious（C）conscientious（D）feckless34 The eradication of pollution is not merely a matter of______, though the majestic beauty of nature is indeed an important consideration.（A）aesthetics（B）legislation（C）cleanliness（D）economics35 Since the 15th century, animals have been used as______for people in experiments to assess the effects of therapeutic and other agents that might later be used in humans. （A）benefactors（B）companions（C）surrogates（D）precedents36 The artist's delicate watercolor sketches often served as______of a subject, a way of gathering fuller knowledge before his final engagement of the subject in an oil painting. （A）a synthesis（B）an abstraction（C）a reconnaissance（D）an enhancement37 Winsor McCay, the cartoonist, could draw with incredible______: his comic strip about Little Nemo was characterized by marvelous draftsmanship and sequencing. （A）sincerity（B）efficiency（C）virtuosity（D）rapidity38 The barrier of language keeps many scientists in prolonged ignorance of work of immediate importance to them______at present in many countries.（A）doing（B）to be done（C）having done（D）being done39 The general effect of the irradiation from the nuclear leakage is less obvious,but______serious.（A）not the less（B）much less（C）none the less（D）no the less40 Issues of price, place, promotion, and product are______conventional concerns in planning marketing strategies.（A）these of the most（B）most of those（C）among the most（D）among the many of41 When we encounter more difficulties, we should be more spirited, and we should be more courageous______.（A）the more danger we are in（B）the more in danger we are（C）we are in more danger（D）we are in danger more42 If not______with the respect he feels due to him, Bob gets very ill-tempered and grumbles all the time.（A）being treated（B）be treated（C）having been treated（D）treated43 ANot only does this theoretical approach seek out Bpreviously neglected literary works, Cbut it also illuminates the ways in which race, ethnicity, and the imbalance of power Dinforms many works.44 Researchers Awho perform qualitative studies, Bsuch as observations and interviews, Care interested in interpreting behavior by first watching, Dlistening or interacting with individuals or a group.45 The larger issue, Glanz said, Ais that educators Bmust recognize that teachers and students, Cthough physical in the same school, are in separate worlds and have an Dongoing power struggle.46 It is fashionable Arationalizing our collaboration in all this by arguing that, well, men like to fight and injure their fellows, and Bsuch games as football should be encouraged to discharge Cthis original-sin urge into less harmful channels Dthan, say, war.47 AAs for the effect of organized football on the spectator, the fans are notBso much released from supposed feelings of violent aggression Cby watching their athletic heroes perform it as they are encouraged Din the view which people-smashing is an admirable mode of self-expression.48 Advertisers Awould have us believed the myth that alcohol is Bpart of being successful, sexy, healthy and happy; but those Cwho have sufferedfrom it—directly or indirectly—Dknow otherwise.49 If lecture classes Awere restricted to junior and senior undergraduates and to graduate students, Bwho are less need of scholarly nurturing and Cmore able to prepare work on their own, they would be Dfar less destructive of students' interests and enthusiasms than the present system.50 Those who want guns—Awhether for target shooting, hunting or potting rattlesnakes(get a hoe)— Bshould be subjected to the same restrictions placed on gun owners in England, a nation Cin which liberty has survived nicely without Dan arm populace.51 Research suggests that hypochondriacs Afell into three categories; those who have Ba variant of obsessive-compulsive disorder, those Cwhose hypochondria was triggered by a stressful life event, and those who Dare hypersensitive to any physical symptoms.52 AOn the contrary, a recent Harvard study argues that football's characteristics of "impersonal acceptance of Binflicting injury, " an overriding " organization goal, " the " ability to turn oneself on and off, " and being, Caboveall, "out to win" Dare prized by ambitious executives in many large corporations.53 So long as the child Ais shown exactly how to do something—Bwhether be placing a key in a key slot, drawing a hen or Cmaking up for amisdeed—he is less likely to figure out himself Dhow to accomplish such a task.54 And, more generally, he is less likely to view life—Aas Americans do—as a series of situations in which one has to learn Bto think for oneself, to solve problems Con one's own and even to discover problems Dwhich creative solutions are wanted.55 But Aassuming that the contrast I have developed is valid, and that the fostering of skills and creativity Bare both worthwhile goals, the important question becomes this: Can we gather, from the Chinese and American extremes, Casuperior way to approach education, perhaps Dto strike a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills?56 As I've examined Awhat it meant to be poor, Bit has become clear to me what I am Cmost thankful; both my tangible and my intangible Dgood fortune.57 But just how long Walton can Ahold firm to his folksy habits with celebrity hunters Bkeep following him Cwherever he goes is Danyone's guess.58 AWhen asking if their children wanted a call or a text messageBrequesting that Cthey be home by curfew, for instance, 58 percent of parents said their children Dpreferred a text.59 AWhat first seemed like a luxury, crawling from bed to computer, Bnot worrying about hair, and clothes and face, Chave become a form of escape, Da lack of discipline.60 You remember that Afavourite story of yours, Bone about how the army captain and the woman Cwhose book he discovered got to know one another Dsolely through writing letters?61 Baby boomers Awho warned decades ago that their out-of-touch parentsBcouldn't be trusted now sometimes Cfind themselves raise children who—thanks to the Internet and the cellphone—consider Mom and Dad Dto be clueless, too.62 Not until AI've been embarrassed by someone who politely points out thatBI've attacked her Cfor agreeing with me DI realize that I have been projecting.63 The President of the United States is head of the______Branch.（A）Supreme Court（B）Judicial（C）Legislative（D）Executive64 ______is celebrated by English people in November.（A）May Day（B）Guy Fawkes Night（C）Thanksgiving Day（D）Easter Day65 The Civil Rights Movement happened in______.（A）the 1960s（B）the 1950s（C）the 1920s（D）the 1970s66 The Battle of______witnessed the death of King Harold in 1066. （A）Hastings（B）Trafalgar（C）Waterloo（D）Stratton67 The Celts' religion is______.（A）Christianity（B）Protestantism（C）Presbyterianism（D）Druidism68 Cockney is a term referring to a person living in______.（A）the west end of London（B）the east end of New York（C）the east end of London（D）the west end of New York69 ______are the places where, in the 17th to 19th centuries in Britain, very poor, homeless people did very unpleasant jobs in return for food and shelter.（A）Nursing homes（B）Factories（C）Workhouses（D）Prisons70 The Puritans were originally an extreme______sect.（A）Protestant（B）Jewish（C）Catholic（D）Islamic71 During the Civil War of England, the Cavaliers supported______while the Roundheads were in support of______.（A）the king...the parliament（B）the parliament...the king（C）the king...the church（D）the church...the king72 James I, king of England firmly believed in______.（A）laissez-faire（B）the Devine Right of Kings（C）Constitutional Monarchy（D）Protestantism73 The main obstacle to Hispanic success in labor market is their______. （A）lack of good manners（B）dark skin color（C）low level of education（D）high rate of crime74 Charles I was a king of the______dynasty.（A）Plantagenet（B）Tudor（C）Stuart（D）George75 The party which wins the largest second seats in the parliament becomes the official______ with its own leader and______.（A）cabinet... government（B）opposition... shadow cabinet（C）government...cabinet（D）shadow cabinet...opposition76 ______, known as the backbone of the North American Continent, is also called the Continental Divide.（A）The Rockies（B）The Appalachian Mountains（C）The Blue Mountains（D）The Great Smoky Mountains77 Senator______launched an Anti-Communist hysteria in the early 1950s.（A）Franklin Roosevelt（B）George Kennan（C）Theodore Roosevelt（D）Joseph Raymond McCarthy78 China and the United States established their diplomatic relationships in January______.（A）1972（B）1971（C）1975（D）197979 The Civil War in England was also known as______.（A）the Puritan Revolution（B）the Glorious Revolution（C）the Crusades（D）the Reformation80 ______refers to the movement very active in the early part of the 20th century, agitated for women's political right to vote.（A）The Civil Rights Movement（B）Women's Suffrage Movement（C）The Feminist Movement（D）The Countercultural Movement81 ______is separated from mainland America by Canada.（A）Hawaii（B）Alaska（C）Rhode Island（D）Greenland82 The doctors who serve the community in general health care in Britain, rather like solicitors of the medical profession, who usually join together in partnership in a medical practice, must study for seven years and pass exams before they become qualified______. （A）MP（B）PC（C）GP（D）IQ四、简答题83 Answer the following questions briefly. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.How many constituencies are there in Britain today? How many members are there in the House of Commons?84 What are some of the characteristics of American education?85 What is meant by the term "Welfare State" in Britain?86 What are the names of the Great Lakes?。

北航期末英语考试题与答案

北航期末英语考试题与答案北京航空航天大学期末英语考试题与答案Introduction:In this article, we will provide you with a comprehensive overview of the final English exam questions and answers from Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (BUAA), commonly known as Beihang University.Section 1: Listening ComprehensionThe listening comprehension section of the BUAA English final exam consists of multiple audio recordings and corresponding questions. Students are required to listen carefully and answer the questions based on the information they hear. This section tests students' ability to understand and extract key information from spoken English.Section 2: Reading ComprehensionThe reading comprehension section aims to assess students' reading comprehension skills. It includes a variety of texts, such as articles, essays, and passages from books. Questions are designed to evaluate students' understanding of main ideas, supporting details, as well as inferencing and vocabulary usage.Section 3: Grammar and VocabularyThis section tests students' knowledge and understanding of English grammar rules and vocabulary. Questions cover a wide range of topics, suchas verb tenses, sentence structure, word formation, and idiomatic expressions. Students are required to apply their knowledge to choose the correct answer or fill in the blanks with appropriate words or phrases.Section 4: WritingThe writing section assesses students' ability to express themselves effectively in written English. Students are often given prompts or topics to write essays, formal letters, or reports. Grading criteria include content coherence, organization, language use, and overall coherence.Section 5: SpeakingThe speaking section typically consists of individual or group tasks that evaluate students' ability to express their ideas verbally. Students are required to engage in conversations, make presentations, or participate in discussions. The speaking section evaluates their fluency, pronunciation, grammar usage, and ability to express opinions and thoughts coherently.Sample Exam Questions:Listening Comprehension:1. What time does the lecture start?2. What is the main topic of the conversation?3. How many people are attending the seminar?Reading Comprehension:Read the following passage and answer the questions below.[Passage]1. What is the main idea of the passage?2. What is the author's tone in describing the situation?3. Which of the following best summarizes the author's view?Grammar and Vocabulary:1. Fill in the blank with the appropriate verb form:I _______ to the party if I had known you were going.2. Choose the correct idiomatic expression to complete the sentence:She wanted to go the extra mile and ______ even harder for her goals.Writing:Write an essay discussing the advantages and disadvantages of social media in modern society. Provide examples and support your arguments with relevant evidence.Speaking:Deliver a presentation on the importance of environmental conservation measures and suggest practical ways individuals can contribute to preserving the environment.Sample Answers:Listening Comprehension:1. The lecture starts at 9:00 AM.2. The main topic of the conversation is the upcoming conference.3. There are approximately 200 people attending the seminar.Reading Comprehension:1. The main idea of the passage is the importance of time management.2. The author's tone in describing the situation is critical.3. The author's view can be summarized as advocating for stricter regulations on time management.Grammar and Vocabulary:1. would have gone2. workWriting: (Sample introduction and main points)Social media has undoubtedly transformed the way we interact, communicate, and receive information in the modern world. However, this phenomenon also brings with it a set of advantages and disadvantages that shape society on multiple levels. This essay will explore the positive impacts of social media, such as increased connectivity and opportunities for business growth, as well as the negative consequences, including privacy concerns and the spread of misinformation.Speaking: (Sample introduction and main points)Good morning, everyone. Today, I would like to emphasize the significant role that environmental conservation measures play in ensuring the sustainability of our planet. I will provide an overview of some practical ways individuals can contribute to preserving the environment, focusing onreducing waste, conserving energy, and promoting sustainable transportation options.Conclusion:The BUAA English final exam encompasses various components, including listening comprehension, reading comprehension, grammar and vocabulary, writing, and speaking. By practicing with sample questions and answers, students at Beihang University can better prepare for their exams and enhance their English language skills overall.。

北京外国语大学英语基础测试(技能)考研真题及详解(2013～2014)【圣才出品】

北京外国语大学英语基础测试（技能）考研真题及详解（2013～2014）北京外国语大学2014年英语基础测试（技能）考研真题Part I GRAMMAR(30Points)Correct ErrorsThe passage contains ten errors.Each indicated line contains a maximum of one error.In each case,only ONE word is involved.You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word,copy the wrong word to your answer sheet and write the correct one after it.For a missing word,write∧on the answer sheet followed by the word after the missing word,and then write the word which you believe is missing.For an unnecessary word,copy the unnecessary word to your answer sheet and cross it with a slash/.In Hardy's fiction and poetry，letters are ready sources of excitement and suspense，harbingers of loss and disappointment．They go missing，fall to1.______ the wrong hands，or arrive too lately．Most famously，Tess's letter of 2.______ confession，hastily pushed not just under the door but under the carpet too，remains unread by the priggish Angel Clare，as Hardy delivers his mostpowerful attack of the Victorian sexual double standard． 3.______ Hardy's own letters were places for quite reflection and deepening 4.______ emotional ties，for occasional advice，details to visitors of the times of theWaterloo trains，and for public protests towards the iniquity of war 5.______ and against cruelty to animals．They ensured regular contact with their 6.______ friends and the publishing world，contained correctives to readings ofhis work．More than any other form，letters make insight into Hardy's7.______ many—sidedness．Writing in1907to the poet Elspeth Grahame，he expressed admiration，and not little surprise，that she had written8.______ verses on the top of an omnibus．Commiserating with one of his American admirers，Rebekah Owen，for having to get in a plumber，he suggestedthat she took up plumbing herself．Such solid practical advice exists9.______ alongside Hardy the natural modernist，wrote to tell Arthur Symons that10.______ he liked his poem“Haschisch”(the world is“the phantom of a haschisch dream”)，discussing timeless reality and the nature of matter at the drop ofa hat．【答案与解析】1.to→into(fall into固定词组，意思为“陷入、落入”。

2013年北京航空航天大学外国语学院821综合英语考研真题及部分详解【圣才出品】

2013年北京航空航天大学外国语学院821综合英语考研真题及部分详解I. Briefly answer the following questions. (30 points, 5×6)（注：本题为简答题，共五题，每题6分，下面是例题）1. What is a phoneme? How to discover phonemes?答案：Phoneme is a basic unit of phonological study, and it is an abstract collection of phonetic features which can distinguish meaning. By convention, phonemic transcription are placed between slant lines (//), like, / t / or / d /.A phoneme is a phonological unit that is of distinctive value. It’s the smallest distinctive unit in the sound system of a language. It’s a unit of explicit sound contrast. If two sounds in a language make a contrast between two different words, they are said to be different phonemes.2. What are endocentric and exocentric compounds? Which compounds below are endocentric and which are exocentric?airplane; dog food; pickpocket; policeman; redhead; sky blue; walkman.答案：Compounds can be further divided into two kinds: the endocentric compounds and the exocentric compounds. The head of a nominal or adjectival endocentric compound is de-verbal, that is, it is derived from a verb. Consequently, it is alsocalled a verbal compound or a synthetic compound. Usually, the first member is a participant of the process verb. (e.g. self-control, pain-killer; bullet-resistant, sun-tanned.)The exocentric nominal compounds are formed by V + N, V + Adv., and V + P, whereas the exocentric adjectives come from V + N and V + Adv. (e.g. playboy, sit-down, breakthrough; breakneck, walk-in.)The endocentric compounds are airplane, dog food, redhead, sky blue.The exocentric compounds are pickpocket, policeman, walkman.3. What are syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations? Explain each of them with an example.答案：Syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations follow from the distinction which Saussure makes between synchronic and diachronic perspectives. Syntagmatic relation refers to horizontal relations. It is a relation between one item and others in a sequence, or between elements which are all present, such as relation between “weather” and the other in the follow: If the weather is nice, I’ll go out. If the words in a sentence fail to occur in the fixed order required by the convention of a language, the utterance would be ungrammatical or nonsensical. For example, “The boy kicked the ball” can not be replaced by “Boy the ball kicked”.Paradigmatic relation refers to the vertical relation. It is a relation holding between elements replaceable with each other at a particular place in a structure,or between one element present and the others absent. They can substitute for each other without violating syntactic rules. For example, “The strong man smiles”can be replaced by “The tallest boy smiles” or “The pretty girl smiles”.4. What is Contrastive Analysis (in Linguistics and Foreign Language Teaching)?答案：Contrastive Analysis (CA) came into fashion in the 1960s. It is a way of comparing the forms and meanings across the native language and the target language to spot the mismatches or differences so that people could predict learner’s difficulty, and then what to be learned and what doesn’t need to be learned in a second language learning situation is decided.5. What are image schemas? Give three examples of image schemas.答案：Mark Johnson (1987) proposes Image Schemas. He defines an image schema as a recurring, dynamic pattern of our perceptual interactions motor programs that gives coherence and structure to our experience.Image schematic structures have two characteristics: ①they are pre-conceptual schematic structures emerging from our bodily experience and ②they are constantly operating in our perceptual interaction, bodily movement through space and physical manipulation of objects.Image schemas exist at a level of abstraction; operate at a level of mentalorganization between propositional structures and concrete images, and “serve repeatedly as identifying patterns in an indefinitely large number of experiences, perceptions, and image formation for objects or events that are similarly structured in the relevant ways.”The examples are as followings:①A center-periphery schema: the structure of an apple; an individual’s perceptual sphere; an individual’ s social sphere, with family and friends at the core and others at the outside.②A cycle schema: days; weeks; years; sleeping and waking; breathing.③A part-whole schema: the body and its parts; the family and the caste structure of India.II. Answer the following questions or complete the related tasks. (40 points, 4×10) （注：本题为回答问题，有—定实践分析性质，共四题，每题10分）1. What is hyponymy? Arrange the vehicles shown in the first column in the table below, together with some appropriate superordinates and hyponyms in a diagram to show the hyponymy.Bicycle- -答案：Hyponymy. It refers to the sense relationship between a more general, more inclusive and a more specific word. The word which is more general in meaning is called the superordinate, and the more specific words are called its hyponyms. For example, the hyponymy relationship could be established between “animal” and “rabbit”.From the above figures, we could see the sense relation of hyponymy clearly. For example, in Figure 1, if we divide the vehicle into public vehicle and private vehicle, then the vehicle is the superordinate of public and private; and the public and private are hyponyms of vehicle. According to the given chart, the public includes van and bus as well as the private includes car, motorcycle and bicycle.Therefore, the public is the superordinate of van and bus; the private is the superordinate of car, motorcycle and bicycle. The van and the bus are the hyponyms of the public; the car, motorcycle and bicycle are hyponyms of the private.2. Write some phrase-structure rules (beginning with S→NPVP) which can generate the sentence: The men love a red car.答案：S → NP VPNP → Det NVP → V NPNP → Det APAP → Adj N3. What is Componential Analysis? Use this theory to explain why the following sentences do not make sense:(a) John is a man but not a male.(b) Peter killed Bob but Bob did not die.答案：Componential analysis. It refers to a semantic approach which defines the meaning of a lexical element in terms of semantic components, or semantic features. For example, the meaning of the word boy may be analyzed into three。

北京航空航天大学外国语学院《722基础俄语》历年考研真题及详解专业课考试试题

7) Человеческий организм не изменился настолько,_____ освободиться от влияния климата и погоды.
А. как
Б. что
В. чтобы
【答案】В
【解析】句意：人的身体器官不会变化到完全不受气候与天气影响的程度..настолько, чтобы...”，程度从句，表示“到……程度”。答案选В。
10) Математика была фундаментом всех технических наук, основным _____ в познании общих закономерностей мира.
1．Прочитайте предложения. Выберите и вставьте в пропуск один наиболее подходящий из трёх вариантов. ( 20 баллов)
1) Хотя им в известной мере и трудно, но всё же их жизнь _____ терпима.
来自于人民内部。Никогда，用在否定句中，何时候（不），从来（不）。句中“...не существовало...”表示从来不存在，因此，答案选 В。
3) Наша строительная бригада работала _____ дождь и ветер на крыше здания с балконами.
目录
2006年北京航空航天大学722基础俄语考研真题及详解
2008年北京航空航天大学722基础俄语考研真题及详解
2009年北京航空航天大学722基础俄语考研真题及详解

2000年1月北京地区研究生英语学位课统考试题.docx

200()年1月北京地区研究生英语学位课统考试题Part IL Vocabulary (10 minutes，10 points)Section A ( 0.5 point each)16.Johnson^s exterior concealed a miserly and deceiving nature・A personalityB appearanceC disinterestD temper17.The authorities have failed to react fast enough to popular discorHenl but told citizens that they will try their best to improve the living conditions.A disadvantageB disagreementC disbeliefD dissatisfaction18.They urged the authorities to make an account for the manner in which their affairs are being conducted ・A calculateB forgiveC explainD demonstrate19.The delegation of negotiation had been told to make a concession to their counterpart.A apologyB compromiseC substitutionD permission20.A two-year sting operation last week yielded charges of 58 American Airlines baggage handlers and food contract workers, as well as three law enforcement officials・A gave rise toB appealed toC gave upD fulfilled in21.After the crash, the rescue workers worked feverishly to clean up the debris and tried very hard to find survivors •A ruinsB trashC facilitiesD refuse22・ They feared that slashing public spending and squeezing pensions would damage the "fundamental Social Democratic values^ of social justice and equality.A blaming forcefullyB attacking fiercelyC reducing steeplyD encouraging blindly23.No one knew what to do when he had tried in vain to get himself across.A arrivedB successfulC finishedD understood・24.The government also expects that the new residential quarters will greatly facilitate the management of migrant workers・A offer a chance forB make easyC make possible forD strongly support to25• America and North Korea reached an agreement that halted North Koreans production of the radioactive element-一plutonium一- with a view eventually to smashing its capacity to make the stuff.A destroyingB demobilizingC assemblingD diminishingSection B (0.5 point each)26.Federal sentencing guidelines, in place for only two years, were _______ because they were believed to have tied the hands of judges in federal drug cases・A tossed offB tossed asideC tossed upD tossed for27.There is a popular view that the great scientific breakthroughs occur by______ a little bit like someone looking down a test tube and saying “AhatA inspectionB perceptionC legislationD inspiration28.President Boris Yeltsin's fitful rule is seen to be ever more designed to serve the interests of people ___A at a lossB at a strokeC at largeD at hand.29.At that time leukemia was almost inevitably ___ , but today, more than half of the people withleukemia get a cure・A lethalB poisonousC awesomeD terrific30.More than half of all of the American prisoners are nonviolent offenders ——usually small-time drug dealers who need help with their own _______A addictionB drunkenness B persecution D convention31.The city is famous for its atmospheric ___ of lofty towers and landscape.A clapsB clatterC clusterD clamp32.Even the undone building had been decorated-™ a lot of color bulbs and ribbons were put on the __ beam.A transitionalB transverseC trifledD tumbled33.In the newspaper they denounced the government for its ___ s pending of public funds.A recklessB reluctantC reciprocalD redundant34.He ___ all control over the company to his elder son after he got seriously ill.A left overB snatched atC scrubbed outD lingered on35.Some dictionaries are ___ • They tell us how words ought to be used.A descriptiveB prescriptiveC intensiveD creativePart IIL Close Test （ 10 minutes, 15 points, 1 point each）Twenty years ago, when only the lowly tadpole had been cloned, ethicists raised the possibility that scientists might some day 36 the technology to include human beings as well. They wanted the issue discussed. But scientists assailed （攻击）the moralists' concern as 37 . Let the research go forward, the scientists argued, 38 cloning human beings would serve no 39 scientific purpose・ Now the cloning of humans is 40 reach, and society as a whole is caught with its 41 pants down.Today the sheep——tomorrow the shepherd? 42 the cloning of human beings can be ethically 43 is now firmly, perhaps permanently, 44 the nation^ moral agenda. President Clinton has given an advisory 45 of experts just 90 days to come 46 with proposals for government action・The government could prohibit the cloning of human beings 47 issue regulations limiting what researchers can do. But the government can't control the actions of individuals or private groups 48 to clone humans for whatever purpose・ And science has a way of outdistancing （把。

2015年北京航空航天大学外国语学院721基础英语考研真题及详解【圣才出品】

2015年北京航空航天大学外国语学院721基础英语考研真题及详解I. Vocabulary and Structure. (20 points)Directions: In this section, there are 20 incomplete sentences or sentences with underlined words. For each sentence, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Decide which one is the best choice or most similar in meaning to the underlined word. Write your answer on the Answer Sheet.l. He found his new acquaintance to be _____: trying to understand her personality was like peering into an unknown dimension.A. cosmopolitanB. imperturbableC. inscrutableD. puerile【答案】C【解析】句意：他发现他新认识这位的朋友神秘莫测：试图了解她的性格如同窥探未知的领域。

冒号后面的内容，是对前文的解释，因此C选项inscrutable“神秘的；不可理解的”为正确答案。

imperturbable沉着的，冷静的。

cosmopolitan见多识广的。

puerile幼稚的；孩子气的。

2. The _____ customer upset many of the restaurant’s staff.A. belligerentB. intuitiveC. prodigiousD. abundant【答案】A【解析】句意：这位爱挑事的客户让很多餐厅员工很苦恼。

18.北京航空航天大学2007年基础英语考研真题

9 "* 3 $ 04 -$ ) ; "* 3 $ 7 & 3 ) < "* 3 $ 7 & 6 & ) = "* 3 $ 01) !O"K -$ & ’ ) 7 & ,/ 08+ 7 & 08% & 7 $ 0%’ & 3 7 $ 3 6 20$ 8 6 / 8 / A6 $ % -+ ) 8 3 & % 0 * &) (4 - +1$ 8 3 $ $* -+ * 6 (08 4 + 04 $ 3 -+ ) A$ 4 & 7 $* -$4 -/ $ ’ 4 + () $ 3 & ’ 4 + 04 $ 3 H 3 $ 6 + * $ 1 1$ + * -) + 7 & 08% & 7 $ 0" 9 "+ ’ ’ 6 ($ 04 $ ; "’ $ 3 & 4 / & () 0$ ) ) < "/ 7 .(1$ 04 $ = "/ 04 / 1$ 04 $ !P"K -& ) $ % -& ) (..& 3 * 5 / & 6 $ 04 $ & 0* $ 6 $ 5 / ) / & 04 6 + / 7* -+ * / * -$ 6 .) * -$ 5 / $ % $ 3 * & ) * $ + 7+ 01 * & 8 $ * 3 / 1& ’ -/ ) ’ $ $ 6 / 08 ) / 0 +-+ 3 7 6 $ ) ) % + 2 " 9 "6 $ * & ’ ’ ; "6 + ) -& (* < "6 $ + 5 $& ’ ’ = "6 $ + ,& (* >R"K -& 7 + ) Q + 3 12 S ) 0& 5 $ 6 )+ 3 $) + / 1 * &) (’ ’ $ 3 ’ 3 & 7* -$ (6 & 08+ 3 7& ’ 4 & / 04 / 1$ 04 $ ) A$ 4 + () $* & &7 + 02 $ 5 $ 0* ) ) $ $ 7* &-+ 5 $+4 + ) (+ 6 3 + * -$ 3 * -+ 0+ 4 & 00$ 4 * / & 0" 9 "/ 04 / 1$ 0* + 6 ; ") (A) * + 0* / + 6 < "4 + () + 6 = ".6 + () / A6 $

2012年北京航空航天大学外国语学院721基础英语考研真题及详解【圣才出品】

2012年北京航空航天大学外国语学院721基础英语考研真题及详解I. Vocabulary and Structure. (20 points)Directions: Choose one from the four alternatives that best completes the sentence and write the corresponding letter on the answer sheet.1. Research shows that eating a better diet may delay the _____ of certain diseases insome patients.A. onsetB. inductionC. uptakeD. origin【答案】A【解析】句意：研究表明更合理的饮食可能使部分病人的某些疾病延缓发作。

onset开始，发作。

induction诱导。

uptake摄取。

origin来源。

2. The investors will discontinue their investment on the product if its costs continue to _____.A. propagateB. prolongC. elevateD. escalate【答案】C【解析】句意：如果这一产品的成本持续增加，投资者将停止对这一产品的投资。

elevate 上升；增加。

propagate 传播；宣传。

prolong 延长；拖延。

escalate使逐步升级；使更紧张。

3. Although sales have continued to increase since last May, the rate of increase has _____.A. resurgedB. retaliatedC. deceleratedD. demeaned【答案】C【解析】句意：尽管自去年五月销量持续增长，但增长率放缓。

2011年北京航空航天大学英语专业英美文学真题试卷_真题-无答案

2011年北京航空航天大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷(总分52,考试时间90分钟)1. 名词解释1. Waiting for Godot2. Harlem renaissance3. Antagonist4. Comedy of manners5. Blank verse2. 翻译题1. Please translate the following English into Chinese, and pay attention to its literary quality.It was New Year"s Night. An aged man was standing at a window. He raised his mournful eyes towards the deep blue sky, where the stars were floating like white lilies on the surface of a clear calm lake. Then he cast them on the earth, where few more hopeless people than himself now moved towards their certain goal—the tomb. He had already passed sixty of the stages leading to it, and he had brought from his journey nothing but errors and remorse. Now his health was poor, his mind vacant, his heart sorrowful, and his old age short of comforts.2. Please translate the following Chinese into English and pay attention to its literary quality. 真正成为自己不是一件很容易的事。

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2000年北京航空航天大学外国语学院721基础英语考研真题及详解
I. Vocabulary and Structure. (30 points)
Part 1
Directions: Choose one of the four alternatives which is closest meaning to the underlined word or phrase and mark the corresponding letter.
1. Their suggestions were received with apathy by the board of directors.
A. enthusiasm
B. indifference
C. antagonism
D. commendation
【答案】B
【解析】apathy冷漠。

句意：董事会对他们的建议表示冷漠。

indifference漠不关心。

enthusiasm热情。

antagonism抵抗，反抗。

commendation赞扬。

2. He will not succumb to any sort of humiliation.
A. persist
B. insult
C. disregard
D. accede
【答案】D
【解析】succumb to屈服于。

句意：他不会屈服于任何形式的羞辱。

accede to同意，赞
同。

persist坚持。

insult侮辱。

disregard不理，漠视。

3. Her tragedy lies in her gullibility.
A. credulity
B. submissiveness
C. thriftiness
D. timidity
【答案】A
【解析】gullibility轻信。

句意：她的悲剧在于她易轻信他人。

credulity轻信。

submissiveness服从，柔顺。

thriftiness节俭。

timidity胆怯。

4. I wonder what is concealed behind that sheepish grin of hers.
A. embarrassed
B. false
C. sincere
D. charming
【答案】A
【解析】sheepish怯懦的，羞怯的。

句意：我想知道她羞怯的笑容背后隐藏着什么。

embarrassed困窘的，羞怯的。

false虚伪的。

sincere真诚的。

charming迷人的。

5. The path diverges, right after the freeway.
A. converges
B. deviates
C. splits off
D. pervades
【答案】C
【解析】diverge分叉。

句意：这条路在高速公路路段后就分叉了。

split off分裂。

converge 聚合。

deviate偏离。

pervade遍及。

6. His brilliant success has incurred much jealousy from his colleagues.
A. brought about
B. brought in
C. brought up
D. brought out
【答案】A
【解析】incur招致。

句意：他的辉煌成就招致了他的同事们的嫉妒。

bring about带来，招致。

bring in引进；生产。

bring up抚养。

bring out揭露，出版。

7. The speaker tilted at the tax and property laws.
A. addressed
B. attacked
C. advocated
D. affirmed
【答案】B
【解析】tilt at攻击，抨击。

句意：这个演讲者抨击了税收和财产法。

attack攻击；抨击。

address演说；从事。

advocate提倡，鼓吹。

affirm断言，确认，肯定。

8. The Prime Minister’s statement went a long way towards reassuring the nation.
A. emphasized
B. stuck to
C. contributed to
D. persisted in
【答案】C
【解析】go a long way towards对……大有帮助。

句意：总理的话对安定整个国家有很大帮助。

contribute to对…有贡献。

emphasize强调。

stick to坚持。

persist in坚持。

9. T om is advised to mind his P’s and Q’s.
A. mind his own business
B. pay attention to his dress and appearance
C. spend money carefully
D. be careful with what he says and does
【答案】D
【解析】mind one’s P’s and Q’s要注意自己的言行。

句意：汤姆被建议要注意自己的言行。

10. He has too much on his plate.
A. eats too much
B. is too busy
C. is greedy
D. is ambitious
【答案】B
【解析】have too much on one’s plate有太多事情要做。

句意：他有太多的事要做。

Part 2
Directions: Choose one flora the four alternatives that best completes the sentence and mark the corresponding letter.
11. They ______ his efforts as childish.
A. detached
B. derided
C. demolished
D. denominated
【答案】B
【解析】句意：他们嘲笑他的努力太小儿科。

deride嘲笑。

detach分离；派遣。

demolish 拆除；破坏。

denominate为……命名；把……称作……。

12. All mammals are warm-blooded and most have relatively constant body temperature, ______ the air temperature
A. in regard to
B. regardless of
C. regarding
D. with regard to
【答案】B
【解析】句意：所有哺乳动物都是温血动物，大部分体温恒定，不受气温的影响。

regardless of不管，不顾。

in regard to和with regard to都表示“关于”的意思。

13. He ______ an invitation to dinner with a smile.
A. declined
B. rejected
C. refused
D. turned down
【答案】A
【解析】句意：他微笑着婉拒了晚餐的邀请。

四个选项都有“拒绝”的意思，但只有decline an invitation表示婉拒。

14. It was not so much the many blows he received ______ the lack of fighting spirit that led to his losing the game.
A. as
B. that
C. for
D. from。