Clinical Observations on Treatment of Lupus Nephritis with Kidney-nourishing and Toxin-removing
医学英语写作与翻译
第三部分医学英语的写作任务一标题的写作（Title）标题的结构1. 名词+介词Blindness（视觉缺失）after Treatment for Malignant Hypertension 2. 名词+分词Unilateral Neurogenic Pruritus Following Stroke中风后单侧神经性瘙痒3. 名词+不定式Suggestion to Abolish Icterus Index Determination（黄疸指数测定）where Quantitative Bilirubin Assay（胆红素定量）is Available建议能做胆红素定量的化验室不再做黄疸指数测定4. 名词+同位语Gentamicine, a Selelctive Agent for the isolation of Betahemolytic Streptocc ociβ-溶血性链球菌庆大霉素是分离β-溶血性链球菌的选择性药物5. 名词+从句Evidence that the V-sis Gene Product Transforms by Interaction with the Receptor for Platelet-derived Growth Factor血小板源性生长因子.V-sis 基因产物由血小板生成因子受体相互作用而转化的依据6. 动名词短语Preventing Stroke in patients with Atrial Fibrillation心房纤维性颤动心旁纤颤患者中风预防Detecting Acute Myocardial Infarction（急性心肌梗死）byRadio-immunoassay for Creative Kinase（酐激酶）用放射免疫法测定酐激酶诊断急性心肌梗死7. 介词短语On Controlling Rectal Cancer8. 陈述句Dietary Cholesterol is Co-carcinogenic协同致癌因素for Human Colon Cancer9. 疑问句Home or Hospital BirthsIs Treatment of Borderline Hypertension Good or Bad?注意副标题的作用1．数目：Endoluminal Stent-graft 带支架腔内搭桥for Aortic Aneurysms动脉瘤: A report of 6 cases带支架腔内搭桥治疗动脉瘤的六例报告2．重点：Aorto-arteritis 大动脉炎Chest X-ray Appearance and Its Clinical Significance大动脉炎胸部X线表现及临床意义3．方法：Gallstone Ileus（胆结石梗阻）: A Retrospective Study 4．作用：Carcinoembryonic Antigen in Breast-cancer Tissue: A useful prognostic indictor乳腺癌组织中癌胚抗原——一种有用的预后指示5．疑问：Unresolved—Do drinkers have less coronary heart disease? 6．连载顺序：Physical and Chemical Studies of Human Blood Serum: II. A study of miscellaneous Disease conditions人类血清的理论研究：II. 多种病例的研究7．时间：A Collaborative 综合Study of Burn Nursing in China: 1995-1999常见标题句式举例1. 讨论型：Discussion of/ on; An approach to; A probe into; Investigation of; Evaluation of / on汉语中的“初步体会”、“试论”、“浅析”之类的谦辞可以不译。
中医药调控线粒体质量控制治疗缺血性卒中的研究进展
·论著·中医·中西医结合研究·【摘要】 缺血性卒中是一种常见的脑血管意外，日益成为严重的全球性健康问题。
线粒体质量控制失调是脑缺血诱导神经元死亡的重要机制，维持线粒体功能对于促进神经元存活和改善神经功能至关重要。
线粒体质量控制主要涉及线粒体氧化应激、线粒体动力学、线粒体自噬、线粒体生物发生等方面，是稳定线粒体正常结构、发挥线粒体正常功能的重要条件。
近年来，中医药通过多角度、多通路、多靶点调控线粒体质量控制，通过影响线粒体结构与功能，能显著改善缺血性卒中患者临床症状，受到了学者们的广泛关注。
本文通过对近年来应用中药有效化合物成分及中药复方调控线粒体质量控制治疗缺血性卒中的实验研究和临床观察进行归纳总结，进一步阐释缺血性卒中的发病机制，明确中医药对线粒体质量控制的调控机制，总结中医药治疗缺血性卒中的科学内涵与不足之处，以期为临床进一步应用中医药参与治疗缺血性卒中提供一定的思路与方法。
【关键词】 缺血性卒中；中医药；线粒体质量控制；研究进展【中图分类号】 R 743.3 【文献标识码】 A DOI：10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0632Advances in Traditional Chinese Medicine Regulating Mitochondrial Quality Control in the Treatment of Ischemic StrokeSU Ziwei 1，2，MA Yan 2，ZHOU Yanzhang 3，ZHOU Zhiliang 2*1.Tianjin University of Chinese Medicine ，Tianjin 301617，China2.Department of Encephalopathy Acupuncture ，the Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine ，Tianjin 300143，China3.Changchun University of Chinese Medicine ，Changchun 130117，China*Corresponding author ：ZHOU Zhiliang ，Chief physician ；E-mail ：**********************【Abstract 】 Ischemic stroke is the most common cerebrovascular accident and is increasingly becoming a seriousglobal health problem. Mitochondrial quality control disorder is an important mechanism of neuronal death induced by cerebral ischemia，and the maintenance of mitochondrial function is essential for promoting neuronal survival and improving neurological function. Mitochondrial quality control mainly involves mitochondrial oxidative stress，mitochondrial dynamics，mitochondrial autophagy，mitochondrial biogenesis，etc.，which is an important condition for stabilizing the normal structure of mitochondria and exerting the normal function of mitochondria. In recent years，Traditional Chinese Medicine（TCM）has significantly improved the clinical symptoms of patients with ischemic stroke by affecting the structure and function of mitochondria through multi-perspective，multi-pathway，multi-target regulation of mitochondrial quality control，which has received extensive attention from scholars. This article summarizes the experimental studies and clinical observations on the application of effective compound components of TCM and TCM compound to regulate mitochondrial quality control in the treatment of ischemic stroke in recent years，further explains the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke，clarifies the regulatory mechanism of TCM on mitochondrial基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目（81804049）引用本文：苏紫威，马妍，周彦彰，等. 中医药调控线粒体质量控制治疗缺血性卒中的研究进展［J］. 中国全科医学，2024，27（24）：3023-3030. DOI：10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0632. ［］SU Z W，MA Y，ZHOU Y Z，et al. Advances in traditional Chinese medicine regulating mitochondrial quality control in the treatment of ischemic stroke［J］. Chinese General Practice，2024，27（24）：3023-3030.© Editorial Office of Chinese General Practice. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license.扫描二维码查看原文缺血性卒中（ischemic stroke，IS）是全球第二大死亡和残疾原因，是由血栓形成或栓塞引起的脑血流中断，受影响的大脑区域不同，患者可能会出现不同的症状，最常见的症状是急性单侧软瘫和语言功能下降［1-2］。
甘精胰岛素或格列美脲联用二甲双胍缓释片治疗门诊2型糖尿病临床观察
Clinical Observations of Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Outpatients with Insulin Glargine or
Glimepirde plus Metformin
作者： 陈晓文;金亚
作者机构： 黄石市中心医院内分泌科,湖北黄石,435000
出版物刊名： 湖北理工学院学报
年卷期： 2013年 第1期
主题词： 糖尿病 2型 甘精胰岛素 格列美脲
摘要：为了探讨甘精胰岛素联合二甲双胍与格列美脲联用二甲双胍对于病程短的2型糖尿病在门诊强化血糖控制方面的疗效和安全性,将100例病程≤3年,使用二甲双胍缓释片500 mg bid 超过3个月的门诊治疗的T2DM患者随机分为甘精胰岛素组(50例)和磺脲类药物组(50例),分别给予甘精胰岛素联用二甲双胍或格列美脲联用二甲双胍治疗12周,观察各组患者血糖、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)、C肽、血脂、血糖达标时间等指标的变化.结果显示,治疗后2组患者的空腹(FPG)及餐后2 h血糖(2hPG)、糖化血红蛋白水平(HbA1C)、胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)均显著下降(P＜0.05-0.001)；高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、空腹C肽(FCP)、餐后2hC肽(2hCP)较治疗前有所增加(P＜0.05)；甘精胰岛素组与格列美脲组比较:FPG、2hPG、HbAlc水平显著降低(P＜ 0.001)；FCP、2hCP有所增加(P＜0.05)；甘精胰岛素组达标时间明显缩短(P ＜ 0.001),低血糖发生率低(P＜0.01).甘精胰岛素或格列美脲联用二甲双胍均能有效地改善
T2DM患者的高血糖、高血脂状态.在控制高血糖、高血脂方面,甘精胰岛素组优于格列美脲组,达标时间更短、安全性更高.。
新鲜马铃薯片贴敷治疗输液性静脉炎的临床观察
新鲜马铃薯片贴敷治疗输液性静脉炎的临床观察【摘要】目的:探讨新鲜马铃薯片外敷治疗静脉输液外渗导致静脉炎的效果。
方法:将本院150例静脉输液外渗引起静脉炎病人随机分为观察组和对照组各75例,对照组用50%硫酸镁湿敷,观察组用新鲜马铃薯片外敷。
结果:观察组治愈率98.7%,对照组治愈率80%,两组比效,差异有统计学意义（p<0.01）。
结论:对静脉输液外渗导致静脉炎用新鲜马铃薯片外敷,可显著提高静脉输液外渗治愈率,延长静脉使用寿命,保证用药要求，减轻病人痛苦。
【关键词】马铃薯；静脉输液；外渗；静脉炎；护理clinical observations on the treatment of infusion phlebitis by pasting with fresh potatoes slicezhang cuiping【abstract】objective to discuss the effects of treatment of infusion phlebitis by external application with fresh potatoes slice.method :divide randomly the 150 patients with phlebitis caused byextravasation during intravenous infusion into observation group and reference group, eachwith 75 instances, and the reference group was applied with hydropathic compress using 50% magnesium sulfate and the observation group externally applied with fresh potatoes slice. results the cure rate for the observationgroup is 98.7%and the cure rate for the reference group is 80%, and the difference between the two groups is statistically significant (p<0.01).conclusion:for the phlebitis caused byextravasation during intravenous infusion, external application of fresh potatoes slice can significantly increase cure rates, prolongthe vena’s life, and guarantee requirements of drug usage, and alleviate sufferings of the patient.【key words】 potato; intravenous infusion; extravasation; phlebitis; nursing【中图分类号】r384 【文献标识码】a 【文章编号】1005-0515(2011)07-0282-01静脉输液是临床防治疾病和抢救危重病人的重要治疗手段，也是常见的给药途径之一，但是由于一些药物的浓度高，对血管刺激性较大，或因病人过度活动，烦躁不合作等原因导致液体外渗，引起局部红肿热痛及静脉血管弹性改变等静脉炎症状，因而静脉炎是临床常见的护理并发症，它不仅增加了病人的痛苦，还增加了静脉穿刺难度，影响病人的治疗，甚至有引发医疗纠纷的隐患。
《伤寒论》黄芩汤治疗溃疡性结肠炎作用机制研究进展
1252 环球中医药2023年6月第16卷第6期 Global Traditional Chinese Medicine,June 2023,Vol.16,No.6㊃综述㊃基金项目:第四批全国中医(临床㊁基础)优秀人才研修项目{国中医药人教发[2017]24号};陕西省中医药管理局资助项目(2021⁃ZZ⁃JC021)作者单位:712046 咸阳,陕西中医药大学基础医学院[杜旭辉(硕士研究生)㊁文颖娟㊁陈丽娟]作者简介:杜旭辉(1997-),2021级在读硕士研究生㊂研究方向:脾胃病的方药研究与中药复方配伍规律研究㊂E⁃mail:3258329445@通信作者:文颖娟(1973-),博士,教授,硕士生导师㊂研究方向:脾胃病的方药研究与中药复方配伍规律研究㊂E⁃mail:wenyuyao2003@‘伤寒论“黄芩汤治疗溃疡性结肠炎作用机制研究进展杜旭辉 文颖娟 陈丽娟【摘要】 溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)属于慢性非特异性肠道炎症性病变(inflammatorybowel disease,IBD),具有反复发作㊁难以治愈的特点㊂由于目前溃疡性结肠炎的发病机制尚未完全清楚,所以现代医学手段对其治疗效果欠佳㊂且多年来,溃疡性结肠炎发病率呈现日益上升的发展趋势,故临床迫切需要探寻新的方法去干预该病㊂中医学中虽无溃疡性结肠炎这一病名,但参照其主要临床表现,可将其归属于 泄泻” 痢疾”等范畴㊂中医药防治此类病症由来已久,临床疗效卓著,治疗效果斐然,其中又以黄芩汤的治疗作用较为突显㊂且现代研究证明,不论是从动物实验㊁临床观察或是抗菌试验,黄芩汤均对溃疡性结肠炎的治疗卓有成效㊂随着关于黄芩汤治疗溃疡性结肠炎作用机制的研究越来越多,诸多实验证明黄芩汤治疗溃疡性结肠炎多与免疫细胞㊁细胞因子及相关信号通路㊁肠道菌群以及细胞焦亡等途径相关㊂本文将对黄芩汤治疗溃疡性结肠炎的作用机制就以上方面进行综述,以期为日后实验或临床应用黄芩汤提供参考依据㊂【关键词】 溃疡性结肠炎; 泄泻; 痢疾; 黄芩汤; 作用机制; 综述【中图分类号】 R28 【文献标识码】 A doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674⁃1749.2023.06.039Research progress on the mechanism of Huangqin decoction in the treatment of ulcerative colitis DU Xuhui ,WEN Yingjuan ,CHEN LijuanShaanxi University of Chinese Medicine ,Xianyang 712046,China Corresponding author :WEN Yingjuan ,E⁃mail :wenyuyao2003@【Abstract 】 Ulcerative colitis (UC)belongs to intestinal inflammatory disease (IBD),which hasthe characteristics of recurrent and difficult to cure.The pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis is not yet fullyunderstood,modern medical methods are not effective in its treatment.And over the years,people's livinghabits have undergone tremendous changes,and the incidence of UC has shown an increasing trend.Thereis an urgent need to explore new ways to intervene in this disease.Although there is no name for UC in tra⁃ditional Chinese medicine,it can be classified as diarrhea,dysentery”and other diseases with referenceto its main clinical manifestations.Traditional Chinese medicine has a long history of preventing and treating such diseases,with outstanding clinical curative effect and remarkable therapeutic effect.Amongthem,the therapeutic effect of the prescription Huangqin Decoction is more prominent.And modern research has proved that,whether from animal experiments,clinical observations or antibacterial tests,Huangqin Decoction is effective in the treatment of UC.with more and more studies on the mechanism ofHuangqin Decoction in the treatment of UC,many experiments have proved that the treatment of ulcerativecolitis by Huangqin Decoction is mostly related to immune cells,cytokines and related signaling pathways,环球中医药2023年6月第16卷第6期 Global Traditional Chinese Medicine,June2023,Vol.16,No.61253 intestinal flora and cell coke death.This article will review the mechanism of Huangqin Decoction in the treatment of UC in the above aspects,in order to provide references for future experimental or clinical application of Huangqin Decoction.【Key words】 ulcerative colitis; Diarrhea; Dysentery; Decoction; Mechanism of action; Review 溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)是一种慢性非特异性结肠炎症性病变(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)㊂其主要的临床表现为血性腹泻㊁腹痛和直肠急迫等[1]㊂现代医学治疗该病的疗效并不乐观[2],而张卿等[3]和张艳杰等[4]通过临床观察,发现中医药对于UC治疗具有明显积极作用㊂其中又以经方黄芩汤的治疗效果较显著㊂黄芩汤出自‘伤寒论“,被称为 万世治利之祖剂”㊂方中以黄芩为君,臣以芍药,佐以甘草大枣,四药并用以达清热止利之用㊂现代研究发现,黄芩汤对UC大鼠具有抗炎镇痛止泻的作用[5],益生菌联合黄芩汤颗粒剂可有效修复肠道溃疡[6]㊂抗菌试验研究证明黄芩汤对50株肠道致病菌均有一定的抑菌作用[7]㊂炎症介质含量测试表明,黄芩汤通过抑制一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)㊁白介素(interleukin,IL)6㊁肿瘤坏死因子⁃α(tumor necrosis factor,TNF⁃α)和前列腺素E2(prostaglandin E2,PGE2)等炎症介质的过量产生发挥对炎症损伤的治疗作用[8]㊂黄黎等[9]实验证明,黄芩汤成方药效要优于各个单味药药效,以经方配伍药量的药效要优于其他配伍药量㊂由此可见黄芩汤治疗UC的效果是成效显著的,应用黄芩汤于治疗UC有着很好的发展前景㊂本文将对黄芩汤治疗UC的作用机制从免疫㊁通路㊁肠道菌群及细胞焦亡等方向进行综述㊂1 黄芩汤调节免疫细胞治疗UC的机制研究UC属自身免疫性疾病,其病变主要发生在黏膜,其肠道壁黏膜层可见增厚和密集浸润的免疫细胞㊂黄芩汤通过平衡免疫细胞来达到保护肠黏膜的作用,改善UC的症状㊂1.1 辅助性T细胞CD4+T细胞即辅助性T细胞(helper T cells, TH),具有调节细胞免疫的功能,它的功能失调在UC的发生中有着重要作用㊂因此可调整CD4+T细胞亚群之间的平衡以恢复其正常功能㊂TH1和TH2细胞均可介导免疫反应,Th17细胞有促进炎症㊁参与组织损伤等作用[10],实验证明黄芩汤对UC大鼠的Th1和Th2细胞作用明显,能通过对炎性细胞因子和转录因子的调节使异常的Th1/Th2恢复㊂并且可以通过调控转录因子(促进叉头框蛋白P3和抑制视黄酸相关孤儿受体γt),促进Th17/Treg的平衡㊂黄芩汤可能通过调节上诉细胞来抗炎以及保护肠黏膜,从而达到治疗UC的效果[11]㊂宋红新[12]通过观察小鼠结肠组织,测量其肠系膜淋巴结相关细胞比例,亦证明黄芩汤可以调节Th1/Th2㊁Th17/ Treg的平衡,稳定肠道微环境以发挥疗效㊂调节性T细胞(Tr细胞)分泌抑制性细胞因子,郑学宝等[13]实验研究发现黄芩汤可以增强Tr细胞的抑制功能从而减轻肠黏膜免疫反应,以达到修复黏膜的目的㊂1.2 B细胞B细胞是机体内重要的免疫细胞,可以参与炎症过程,抑制过度的炎症反应㊂B10属于调节性B 细胞,却起着抑制免疫反应的作用㊂冯锦山等[14]实验证明黄芩汤中的黄芩苷等物质对疾病状态下的B10细胞具有调控作用㊂1.3 ILC细胞ILC细胞是参与固有免疫的淋巴细胞(innate lymphoid cell,ILC),能参与病原体抗感染㊁炎症疾病发生㊂因此可以以该细胞作为新的治疗靶点和治疗手段,对相关疾病进行干预治疗[15]㊂ILC3作为ILC家族一员,其大量分布在肠黏膜内,可促进肠道免疫,协调免疫应答㊂周长琳等[16]实验研究证明黄芩汤可上调ILC3,从而发挥黄芩汤调节免疫的作用以及抗炎作用,以达到治疗UC的功效㊂2 黄芩汤调节细胞因子及相关通路治疗UC的机制研究 黄芩汤能直接或通过调节信号通路来减少促炎因子以及增加抗炎因子,缓解肠道炎症的症状㊂黄芩汤通过这种方式以达到治疗UC的效果㊂2.1 炎性细胞因子IL主要是由白细胞产生的细胞因子,多通过调控细胞免疫的激活来参与免疫调节㊂IL⁃1和IL⁃6促炎性细胞因子,IL⁃4是抗炎性细胞因子,促炎症因子的异常增多或抑炎症因子的异常减少均可导致肠黏膜出现炎症㊂丁伟群等[17]通过研究UC患者1254 环球中医药2023年6月第16卷第6期 Global Traditional Chinese Medicine,June2023,Vol.16,No.6病变的肠黏膜组织发现其组织中IL⁃4水平显著低于正常组,IL⁃1㊁IL⁃6水平显著高于正常组且测得IL⁃6与UC的严重程度呈正相关㊂黄芩汤治疗UC,可通过调节这些细胞因子实现㊂丁晓刚[18]实验证明黄芩汤可以减少IL⁃1并且提高IL⁃4,从而减轻炎症的损伤程度,达到缓解实验大鼠溃疡性结肠炎的目的㊂纪佳等[19]实验证明,黄芩汤可减少IL⁃6,降低炎性细胞的产生,从而拮抗炎症,恢复肠道结构㊂Chen等[20]通过对比不同制法的黄芩汤对于慢性UC小鼠的疗效,不仅证明了黄芩汤对于促炎性细胞因子IL⁃1β㊁IL⁃6有明显的抑制作用,还证明其中传统煎剂的效果最为显著㊂2.2 信号传导及转录激活因子(signal transducers and activators of transcription,STAT3)/核转录因子κB(nuclear factor⁃κB,NF⁃κB)/IL⁃6通路IL⁃6是促炎性细胞因子,IL⁃6/STAT3信号通路作为抗炎和免疫调节较为关键的通路已引起广泛关注㊂IL⁃6可诱导STAT3磷酸化,STAT3磷酸化后通过诱导抗凋亡因子,使其阻止炎性细胞凋亡,导致慢性炎症的发生㊂炎性因子可以通过NF⁃κB信号通路引起机体炎症反应,该通路在调节免疫应答中起着关键作用㊂IL⁃6上调STAT3磷酸化途径,激活NK⁃κB,诱导细胞间粘附分子的极化表达,这些分子在炎性细胞发病机制中起重要作用[21⁃22]㊂王倩等[23]实验发现黄芩汤可使UC大鼠肠道细胞IL⁃6/STAT3信号通路状态明显下调,将其炎症细胞功能恢复稳定,从而缓解炎症损伤㊂王怡薇等[24]通过研究黄芩汤对NF⁃κB通路上的p65蛋白作用发现,黄芩汤可以抑制蛋白活化,下调通路作用,从而达到抗炎的作用㊂王康[25]的实验研究发现黄芩汤可以抑制炎性因子对于IL⁃6/STAT3及NF⁃κB信号通路的激活,减少局部炎症的发生㊂2.3 Toll样受体4(toll⁃like receptor4,TLR4)/ MyD88/NF⁃κB信号通路TLR4是模式识别受体(pattern recognition receptor,PRR)中的Toll样受体之一,其主要的功能是启动细胞活化和炎性信号转导,激活的主要信号通路即是MyD88依赖通路㊂TLR4在出现UC的肠上皮细胞过度表达,活化后结合衔接子蛋白MyD88,激活下游NF⁃κB,NF⁃κB的激活诱导一系列促炎细胞因子的表达,导致肠炎的发生[26]㊂王敦方等[27⁃28]实验证明黄芩汤通过抑制TLR4蛋白的表达,影响MyD88引发信号通路下游的功能,从而抑制NF⁃κB的活化,减少了一氧化氮㊁IL⁃17等促炎因子的释放㊂该课题组又通过实验证明不同剂量的黄芩汤,均可使UC大鼠的结肠中TLR4以及MyD88蛋白表达出现降低的现象,再次说明黄芩汤可以对TLR4/MyD88通路起抑制作用㊂2.4 γ干扰素(Interferon⁃γ,IFN⁃γ)/激活激酶janus(janus kinase,JAK)/ETS(E⁃twenty six)信号通路IFN⁃γ即Ⅱ型干扰素,其异常表达与炎症疾病息息相关㊂研究证明,细胞表面的IFN⁃γ受体互相作用JAK STAT信号通路,从而参与细胞炎症反应[29]㊂而ETS转录调节因子受JAK/STAT信号通路调节并参与细胞凋亡过程㊂MO等[30]研究发现, UC组小鼠结肠组织IFN⁃γ蛋白表达上调,从而激活JAK/ETS通路导致结肠细胞凋亡,加重炎症反应㊂黄芩汤干预后,IFN⁃γ㊁ETS等蛋白表达明显下降,从而缓解结肠细胞的凋亡,减轻炎症反应㊂3 黄芩汤调节肠道菌群治疗UC的机制研究UC的发病与肠道菌群稳态失衡有关㊂肠道菌群的失调可引发肠道的炎症反应,有害菌释放的肠毒素导致肠黏膜屏障受损,使其通透性增强[31]㊂而益生菌则改善肠道黏膜屏障功能和免疫系统功能,促进抗炎因子的分泌,从而减缓肠道炎性病变[32]㊂黄芩汤调节肠道菌群,可从增加益生菌和减少有害菌两个方面来实现㊂3.1 增加益生菌吴梦雨[33]通过对伊立替康引起的小鼠腹泻实验研究证明,黄芩汤可以有效增加乳杆菌等益生菌,以达到恢复肠道正常微生态平衡,抑制病原菌感染的目的㊂双歧杆菌既对肠道有着免疫营养作用又对于肠道致病菌具有拮抗作用㊂陈勇华等[34]通过对比经过黄芩汤治疗前后的患者结肠黏膜菌群数量,发现有益菌双歧杆菌及乳酸菌数量明显升高㊂Li等[35]通过给DSS诱导的UC小鼠以黄芩汤治疗,发现其肠道有益细菌如乳酸杆菌㊁拟杆菌以及普雷沃氏菌属(Prevotellaceae)和Blautia菌等均高于未治疗状态㊂马旭冉[36]通过对比UC大鼠粪便中毛螺菌科㊁瘤胃菌科等菌群证明,给予UC大鼠黄芩汤,不仅能有效增加有益菌含量且其含量明显高于其他方剂组㊂3.2 减少有害菌左风[37]通过实验研究黄芩汤的体外抗菌作用环球中医药2023年6月第16卷第6期 Global Traditional Chinese Medicine,June2023,Vol.16,No.61255发现,黄芩汤对于抑制多种肠道致病菌如沙门氏菌㊁大肠杆菌均有作用㊂Yang等[38]通过实验研究发现小鼠以黄芩汤治疗后,肠道中螺旋杆菌则有所下降㊂徐航宇等[39⁃40]实验研究证明,黄芩汤干预后,肠道有害菌大肠杆菌志贺属(escherichia⁃shigella)等显著降低㊂Huang等[41]通过研究发现黄芩汤可使结肠细菌浸润表达下降,减少UC小鼠肠道有害菌如脱铁杆菌门以及产检杆菌科,从而发挥保护肠道屏障的作用㊂以上研究均证明黄芩汤可以在促进肠道中益生菌等生长的同时,抑制有害菌的增殖㊂通过恢复肠道菌群微平衡实现缓解肠道炎性反应㊁优化受损的肠道黏膜的目的,从而发挥治疗UC的作用㊂4 黄芩汤调节细胞焦亡治疗UC的机制研究细胞焦亡又称细胞炎性坏死,可导致细胞肿胀,活化细胞内炎性因子并在细胞破裂时释放,引起强烈的炎症反应㊂研究发现UC模型中炎性含半胱氨酸的天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶(cysteinyl aspartate⁃specific proteases,Caspase)明显增多,而细胞焦亡主要依赖于Caspase⁃1的激活,说明细胞焦亡在UC的发生发展中有着一定作用[42]㊂Nod样受体蛋白3(NOD⁃like receptor P3, NLRP3)的多蛋白复合体NLRP3炎性小体可激活Caspase⁃1,因此抑制NLRP3炎症小体可能缓解细胞焦亡的强烈炎症反应[43]㊂吴娜等[44]通过实验研究发现给予黄芩汤后小鼠结肠组织中NLRP3和Caspase⁃1的蛋白表达均显著降低,说明黄芩汤可通过调节NLRP3/Caspase⁃1通路来作用于细胞焦亡,减轻炎症反应以达到治疗UC的目的㊂5 展望黄芩汤作为‘伤寒论“名方,虽然千百年来皆应用于治疗类似UC症状的病症,但其治疗UC的现代机理却不甚明确㊂本文通过对黄芩汤治疗UC的研究机制整理,旨在找出其具体的作用发挥机制,即黄芩汤可从调节免疫细胞㊁调节细胞因子及相关通路㊁改善肠道菌群和抑制细胞焦亡等作用机制去改善UC的症状㊂这些作用机制的探讨证实了黄芩汤对于UC的确切疗效,并对UC治疗方法的创新提供了更多思路和参考依据㊂不过当前对于黄芩汤研究实验仍有许多不足,例如关于黄芩汤对Th亚群中Th3㊁Th9等成员的相关实验以及黄芩汤对于IL⁃10家族的多个细胞因子的作用机制均缺乏足够的文献支持㊂黄芩汤对细胞焦亡作用的研究也仅限于Caspase⁃1的经典通路,对于Caspase⁃4等非经典通路的研究亦较为缺乏㊂因此,关于黄芩汤治疗UC 作用机制的实验研究仍需要进行大量探索,达到具体症状具体应用,从而为临床应用提供一定的参考依据㊂参考文献[1] Dignass A,Lindsay J O,Sturm A,et al.Second EuropeanevidencE⁃based consensus on the diagnosis and management ofulcerative colitis part2:current management[J].J CrohnsColitis,2012,6(10):991⁃1030.[2] 赵锐,周勇.溃疡性结肠炎的手术指征㊁手术方式及围手术期管理[J].中华结直肠疾病电子杂志,2020,9(1):76⁃79.[3] 张卿,陈允旺,魏引廷,等.清溃愈疡汤灌肠联合美沙拉嗪治疗湿热型溃疡性结肠炎的临床研究[J].实用临床医药杂志,2022,26(2):93⁃97.[4] 张艳杰,杨洋,卢鑫.穴位埋线合灸法及西药治疗慢性溃疡性结肠炎的临床疗效及对血清炎症因子㊁中医证候积分的影响[J].中医研究,2022,35(1):48⁃52.[5] 丁晓刚.黄芩汤有效部位组方抗大鼠溃疡性结肠炎的实验研究[D].北京:北京中医药大学,2003.[6] 赵建军,赵文武,骆君琴.益生菌联合黄芩汤颗粒剂治疗溃疡性结肠炎63例疗效观察[J].中国肛肠病杂志,2019,39(12):36⁃37.[7] 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[19] 纪佳,陈岩岩.黄芩汤对溃疡性结肠炎大鼠IL⁃6㊁JAK⁃STAT3信号通路及HMGB⁃1表达的影响[J].中医学报,2018,33(7):1297⁃1301.[20] CHEN G,YANG Y,HU C,et al.Protective effects of HuangqinDecoction against ulcerative colitis and associated cancer in mice[J].Oncotarget,2016,7(38):61643⁃61655. [21] 于锦超,于敏,莫炜.NF⁃κB信号通路在肿瘤发生和炎症反应中的作用[J].药物生物技术,2016,23(1):82⁃85. [22] 赵亚娇,李楠.IL⁃6/STAT3信号通路在溃疡性结肠炎治疗中的新进展[J].中华消化病与影像杂志(电子版),2015,5(4):45⁃48.[23] 王倩,别玉龙,范文涛.加味黄芩汤对TNBS诱导的结肠炎大鼠肠道菌群结构及IL⁃6/STAT3信号通路的影响[J].陕西中医,2017,38(4):528⁃530,539.[24] 王怡薇,张会会,王彦礼,等.黄芩汤对溃疡性结肠炎大鼠NF⁃κB p65调控作用研究[J].药学学报,2015,50(1):21⁃27.[25] 王康.基于STAT3/NF⁃kB/IL⁃6通路研究加味黄芩汤治疗溃疡性结肠炎的作用机制[D].南京:南京中医药大学,2020.[26] 王包晟,吴本升,蒋峰,等.中医药干预TLR4/MyD88/NF⁃κB通路治疗溃疡性结肠炎研究综述[J].山东中医药大学学报,2021,45(4):559⁃565.[27] 王敦方,王彦礼,王怡薇,等.黄芩汤对溃疡性结肠炎大鼠TLR4/MyD88通路调控作用研究[J].药学学报,2016,51(10):1558⁃1563.[28] 王敦方.基于TLR4/MyD88通路和组学研究黄芩汤治疗溃疡性结肠炎的作用机制[D].北京:中国中医科学院,2017. [29] Darnell J E,Kerr I M,Stark G R.1994.Jak⁃STATpathways andtranscriptional activation in response to IFNs and otherextracellular signalingproteins[J].Science,264(5164):1415⁃1421.[30] MO X,TANG K,DENG L,et al.Prevention of ulcerative colitisby Huangqin decoction:reducing the intestinal epithelial cellapoptosis rate through the IFN⁃γ/JAK/ETS signallingpathway[J].Pharm Biol,2022,60(1):1116⁃1125. [31] Cummings J H,Macfarlane G T,Macfarlane S.Intestinalbacteria and ulcerativecolitis[J].Curr Issues Intest Microbiol,2003,4(1):9⁃20.[32] SHEN Z H,ZHU C X,QUAN Y S,et al.Relationship betweenintestinal microbiota and ulcerative colitis:Mechanisms andclinical application of probiotics and fecal microbiotatransplantation[J].World J Gastroenterol,2018,24(1):5⁃14.[33] 吴梦雨.比较生姜泻心汤与黄芩汤防治伊立替康所致小鼠腹泻的研究[D].北京:北京中医药大学,2019. [34] 陈勇华,曹群奋,洪琼怪,等.黄芩汤辅助柳氮磺吡啶对溃疡性结肠炎患者血清TNF⁃α及白介素族水平影响研究[J].中华中医药学刊,2017,35(2):500⁃503.[35] LI M Y,LUO H J,WU X,et al.Anti⁃Inflammatory Effects ofHuangqin Decoction on Dextran Sulfate Sodium⁃InducedUlcerative Colitis in Mice Through Regulation of the GutMicrobiota and Suppression of the Ras⁃PI3K⁃Akt⁃HIF⁃1αandNF⁃κB Pathways[J].Front Pharmacol,2020,10:1552. [36] 马旭冉.三种止泻名方治疗溃疡性结肠炎的对比研究及相关机制探讨[D].北京:中国中医科学院,2019.[37] 左风.黄芩汤多成分药代动力学及肠道菌群作用的相关研究[D].北京:北京中医药大学,2002.[38] YANG Y,CHEN G,YANG Q,et al.Gut microbiota drives theattenuation of dextran sulphate sodium⁃induced colitis byHuangqin decoction[J].Oncotarget,2017,8(30):48863⁃48874.[39] 徐航宇.黄芩汤对溃疡性结肠炎小鼠肠道菌群的影响及肠黏膜屏障的保护作用机制研究[D].北京:中国中医科学院,2018.[40] 徐航宇,王彦礼,王敦方,等.高通量测序技术研究黄芩汤对溃疡性结肠炎大鼠肠道菌群的影响[J].药学学报,2017,52(11):1673⁃1682.[41] HUANG S,HE J,CHEN Y,et al.Effect of Huangqin decoctionon regulating intestinal flora in colitis mice characterized asinhibition of the NOD2⁃dependentpathway[J].Pharm Biol,2022,60(1):108⁃118.[42] 唐立,陆岩,欧阳满照.细胞焦亡与溃疡性结肠炎研究的最新进展[J].广东医学,2021,42(11):1393⁃1399. [43] 刘琦.黄芩汤药效成分通过影响NLRP3炎症小体治疗UC的机制研究[D].广州:广州中医药大学,2018. [44] 吴娜,万治平,韩玲,等.黄芩汤对溃疡性结肠炎小鼠NLRP3/caspasE⁃1细胞焦亡通路的影响[J].中国中药杂志,2021,46(5):1191⁃1196.(收稿日期:2022⁃04⁃17)(本文编辑:李梅)。
对昏迷写一篇英文总结
昏迷,Coma1)Coma[英]昏迷1.Modifying The Four Vessel Occlusion To Establish Ischemic Brain Injury Coma Model In Rats;改良四血管阻塞法建立大鼠缺血性脑损伤昏迷模型2.Application Of Transcranial Doppler To Seriously Illed Children With Coma;经颅多普勒超声在昏迷危重患儿中的应用3.Revival Effect Of Electrostimulation In Pericardium Channel Of Hand Jueyin In Coma Patients Induced By Severe Craniocerebral Trauma;手厥阴经电刺激对重症脑外伤昏迷患者促醒作用的初步研究英文短句/例句1.Relating To Or Associated With A Coma.与昏迷有关或伴随昏迷。
2.He Lay There Insensible.他昏迷不醒地躺在那里。
3.He Was In A Coma For Several Weeks.他昏迷了几个星期.4.He's Come Out Of His Coma.他从昏迷中醒过来了。
5.He Raved In His Delirium.他神志昏迷说胡话。
6.Perhaps The Old Woman Was Out Of Her Head.老太婆也许神志昏迷了。
7.The Drug Knocked Him Out.麻醉毒品使他昏迷了。
8.Was Taken To The Emergency Room In A State Of Syncope.在昏迷中被送到手术室。
9.He's Been Out (Cold) For Ten Minutes.他昏迷已有十分钟。
全息针法配合运动疗法治疗肩关节周围炎临床观察
全息针法配合运动疗法治疗肩关节周围炎临床观察齐凤军;彭心;张露;崔翔【摘要】目的观察全息针法配合运动疗法治疗肩关节周围炎的临床疗效.方法将72例肩关节周围炎(肩周炎)患者随机分为治疗组38例和对照组34例.治疗组采用全息针法配合运动疗法治疗,对照组采用常规局部针刺治疗.观察两组治疗前后VAS 评分及肩关节功能、活动度评分差值,比较两组临床疗效.结果治疗组治疗后VAS 评分及肩关节功能、活动度评分差值与对照组比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).治疗组总有效率为97.4％,对照组为85.3％,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P ＜0.05).结论全息针法配合运动疗法是一种治疗肩周炎的有效方法.【期刊名称】《上海针灸杂志》【年(卷),期】2013(032)007【总页数】3页(P590-592)【关键词】针刺疗法;肩凝症;全息针法;运动疗法【作者】齐凤军;彭心;张露;崔翔【作者单位】湖北中医药大学,武汉430061;湖北中医药大学,武汉430061;湖北中医药大学,武汉430061;湖北中医药大学,武汉430061【正文语种】中文【中图分类】R246.2肩关节周围炎简称肩周炎,是以肩部疼痛、夜间加重、肩关节活动受限、功能障碍为主要临床表现的一种病症。
本病好发于30～60岁,女性发病率高于男性,患者常因感受风寒、湿邪侵袭、负重过久而发为本病,天气变化或劳累过度时加重,严重时疼痛难忍、活动受限、夜不能寐。
若未能及时接受正规治疗或年长者痛觉减退而延误病情,来诊时已形成明显黏连,致使治疗难度加大。
笔者采用全息针法配合运动疗法治疗肩周炎38例,并与常规局部针刺治疗34例相比较,现报告如下。
72例肩周炎患者均为湖北中医药大学国医堂门诊患者,按就诊先后顺序随机分为治疗组38例和对照组34例。
两组患者性别、年龄、病程比较,差异无统计学意义(P ＞0.05),具有可比性。
详见表1。
①慢性劳损,外伤筋骨史,气血不足复感风寒湿邪所致;②好发年龄约在50岁,一般女性发病率高于男性,右肩多于左肩,多见于体力劳动者或家庭主妇,多为慢性发病;③肩周疼痛,夜间尤甚,常因天气变化及劳累而诱发;④肩关节活动障碍,尤以上举、外展、内收、后伸受限,出现典型的“扛肩”现象;⑤病程较长者,可见肩部肌肉萎缩,尤以三角肌最为明显;⑥X线摄片检查一般显示为阴性。
美沙拉嗪联合马来酸曲美布汀治疗肠易激综合征患者的临床疗效观察
•论著•美沙拉嗪联合马来酸曲美布汀治疗肠易激综合征患 者的临床疗效观察张慧万坚陆芳林永辉王一飞任海峰【摘要】目的评估美沙拉秦联合马来酸曲美布汀治疗肠易激综合征(IBS)患者的临床疗效。
方法根据罗马K诊断标准纳入2014年10月至2016年6月在上海市嘉定区中心医院就诊的腹泻型IBS(IBS-D)和便秘型IBS(IBS-C)患者各40例。
40例IBS-D患者随机分为美沙拉嗪+马来酸曲美布汀组和马来酸曲美布汀组，每组各20例；40例IBS-C患者随机分为美沙拉秦+马来酸曲美布丁组和马来酸曲美布丁组，每组各20例。
同期选择20名健康体检者作为正常对照。
治疗前后均使用肠易激严重程度评分系统(IBSSS)和医院焦虑抑郁量表(HADS)评估患者的临床疗效和情绪障碍的严重程度。
结果研究过程中未观察到严重的药物相关不良反应。
在IBS-D患者中，美沙拉秦+马来酸曲美布汀组经过4周治疗后，IBSSS总分由基线时的（194. 5 ±62. 6)分下降至（136. 3 土47. 2)分(P<0.000 1)，而马来酸曲美布汀单药组则由治疗前的（207. 3 ± 49. 2)分下降至治疗后的（197. 5±47. 8)分(P= 0.01);在IBS-C患者中，美沙拉，秦+马来酸曲美布汀组经过4周治疗后，IBSSS总分由基线时的（245. 8 ±70. 4)分下降至（231. 3 ±65. 0)分（P=0.005)。
基线状态时，IBS患者组的焦虑和(或)抑郁评分均高于健康对照组(P<0. 000 1)。
在IBS-D患者中，美沙拉秦+马来酸曲美布汀组经过4周治疗后，焦虑和抑郁评分分别由基线时的（11. 9 ±4. 1)分下降至（11. 3 ±4. 1)分（P= 0. 019)、（13. 6 ±4. 7)分下降至(12.5±4.5)分(P= 0.002 6)。
中医辨证论治联合抗抑郁剂治疗中风后遗症的观察_邹长东
中风后遗症是近年来中老年常见病、多发病，其发病率有逐年增加的趋势。
对其进行治疗是一个长期而复杂的系统工程。
中风后抑郁症的患病率为30%~64%,且有抑郁症的患者较之无抑郁症的患者其死亡率要高出3~4倍[1]。
近年来笔者运用中西医结合治疗的基础上加用舍曲林等抗抑郁剂，取得了满意疗效，现报道如下。
1 临床资料全部92例患者均符合1995年中华医学会第四次脑血栓会议制定的脑血管病（脑血栓、脑梗塞、脑出血）的诊断标准[2]，病程3个月~1年不等，患者均有抑郁症状，全部病例随机分为两组：治疗组56例，其中男19例，女37例；年龄42~75岁，平均（60.5±5）岁；合并高血压39例，糖尿病14例，脑血栓后遗症24例，脑梗塞后遗症21例，脑溢血后遗症11例。
对照组36例，其中男15例，女21例；年龄44~77岁，平均（59.5±5.5）岁；合并高血压27例，糖尿病9例，脑血栓后遗症12例，脑梗塞后遗症14例，脑溢血后遗症8例。
两组病例在年龄、性别、病程等分布方面均无显著差异（P>0.05），具有统计学意义。
见表1。
表1 92例患者的中医辨证分类证型 n 方剂气虚血滞型 75 补阳还五汤加减 肝阳上亢型 7 镇肝熄风汤加减 风痰阻络型 2 解语丹加减 肾精亏虚型 8 地黄饮子加减2 治疗方法两组治疗均采用中西医结合对症治疗，如降血脂、降血压、调节饮食、抗凝药物治疗、中药针灸配合系统物理治疗等。
有感染者给予抗生素治疗。
两组基础治疗均以中药方剂辨证加减治疗为主。
方剂加减见表1，治疗组在以上治疗的基础上加用抗抑郁剂舍曲林、米氮平等。
3 疗效评定标准与结果3.1疗效评定标准 根据1995年全国第四届脑血管病学术会议通过的标准[3]。
基本治愈：神经功能缺损评分减少90%，病残程度为0级；显著进步：神经功能缺损评分减少46%~89%，病残程度1~3级；进步：神经功能缺损评分减少18%~45%；无变化：神经功能缺损评分减少或增加<18%；恶化神经功能缺损评分增加 >18%。
医学研究英语论文(renew)
1.1 生物医学论文的基本格式
根据国际医学杂志编辑委员会(ICMJE)2010年修订 的《生物医学期刊投稿的统一要求》，生物医学 科研论文包括： 标题页（ Title Page） 摘要与关键词 （Abstract and Key Words） 引言 （Introduction） 材料 与方法 （Materials and Methods） 结果 （Results） 讨论 （Discussion） 致谢 （Acknowledgements） 参考文献 （References）
• • • • • • • •
• • • • •
图例 (Legends) 插图 (Figures) 表格 (Tables) 照片和说明 (Plates and Explanations) …
1.2 标题页 (Title page)
• 标题页是投稿论文的一部分，一般放在论文之前 单独成页。主要包含(根据《生物医学期刊投稿的 统一要求》) ： • （1）论文标题(the title of the article); • （2）每位作者的姓名及其最高学位、所属单位 (the name by which each author is known, with his or her highest academic degree and institutional affiliation); • （3）研究工作的归属部门或单位名称(the name of the department and institution to which the work should be attributed); • （4）弃权者（若有）(disclaimers, if any);
(2) 突出研究重点
糖尿病：新的诊断标准 Diabetes : New diagnostic criteria
帕罗西汀联合坦度螺酮治疗52例难治性抑郁症的效果分析
2019年3月第9卷第6期42 CHINA MEDICINE AND PHARMACY Vol.9 No.6 March 2019·临床药物应用·帕罗西汀联合坦度螺酮治疗52例难治性抑郁症的效果分析曹健伟 广东省江门市第三人民医院精神一科，广东江门 529000[摘要] 目的 探讨应用帕罗西汀联合坦度螺酮对难治性抑郁症的治疗效果。
方法 选取本院于2016年2月~ 2018年2月收治的难治性抑郁症的患者共52例，随机分为观察组和对照组。
对照组患者单独应用帕罗西汀，观察组患者则应用帕罗西汀联合坦度螺酮的治疗。
比较两组患者的临床疗效，治疗起效的时间，HAMD 量表评分及并发症发生率。
结果 观察组治疗的有效率为92.31%，显著高于对照组（73.08%），差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.05）；观察组患者治疗平均起效时间为（5.35±1.02）d，显著短于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.05）；观察组中，出现1例情绪低落，1例食欲不佳，对照组则出现2例情绪低落和1例恶心，两组患者并发症发生率比较，差异无统计学意义（P ＞0.05）；观察组和对照组治疗后HAMD 各因子得分比较，观察组均显著低于对照组，总分的对比，观察组亦显著低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.05）。
结论 帕罗西汀联合坦度螺酮对难治性抑郁症患者的治疗效果良好，起效快，且无显著不良反应，临床应用前景光明。
[关键词] 帕罗西汀；坦度螺酮；抑郁症；并发症[中图分类号] R749.4 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 2095-0616（2019）06-42-03Analysis on curative effects of paroxetine combined withtandospirone in treatment of 52 patients with refractory depressionCAO JianweiFirst Department of Psychiatry, the Third Hospital of Jiangmen, Guangdong, Jiangmen 529000, China[Abstract] Objective To explore the curative effects of paroxetine combined with tandospirone in treatment of 52 patients with refractory depression. Methods 52 patients with refractory depression who were admitted and treated in our hospital from February 2016 to February 2018 were selected and they were andomly divided into observation group and control group. Patients in the control group were treated with paroxetine alonewhile patients in the observation group were treated with paroxetine combined with tandospirone. The clinical curative effects, onset time, HAMD score, incidence of complications were observed and compared between the two groups. Results The effective rate of treatment in the observation group was 92.31%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (73.08%).The difference was statistically significant (P ＜0.05). The mean onset time of treatment in the observation group was (5.35±1.02) days, which was significantly shorter than that in the control group. The difference was statistically significant (P ＜0.05). In the observation group, there were 1 case of depression and 1 case of poor appetite. But in the control group there were 2 cases of depression and 1 case of nausea. There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups (P ＞0.05). By comparing factors of HAMD, the score of each factor of HAMD in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group. The total score of the observation group was also significantly lower than that of the control group. The above differences were statistically significant (P ＜0.05). Conclusion Paroxetine combined with tandospirone in treatment of patients with refractory depression has good curative effect, short onset time and no significant adverse reactions, which has bright prospects of clinical application.[Key words] Paroxetine; Tandospirone; Depression; Complication抑郁症的发病率在世界范围内呈现显著上升的态势。
医学英语摘要写作
• Clinical Observation on Longkeshuan Capsule in Treatment of Stroke
• 动名词、介词短语参见教材P35
• (2) 句式
• 陈述式（无句号） • 学龄儿童反复腹痛与不能耐受乳糖有关
• Recurrent Abdominal Pain in School-aged Children Is Related to Lactose Intolerance
• 简介 • A brief introduction to… • 进展 • Development / Advancement of… • 评述 • A review of… • 回顾 • A retrospective study of… • 比较 • Comparison between…
副标题的应用
• Pancreatitis in SLE: A Case Report and Literature Review
• e. 提问或选择时 • 听诊器是潜在的医院感染源吗？ • Is stethoscope a potential source of hospital infection? • Stethoscope: A Potential Source of Hospital Infection?
• a. 突出病例数时 • 对急诊室170例腹痛病例的回顾性研究 • A Retrospective Study on 170 Cases of Abdominal Pain in
Emergency Room • Abdominal Pain in Emergency Room: Retrospective Study of
Acupuncture in Medicine 《针灸学杂志》作者指南
Acupuncture in Medicine《针灸学杂志》作者指南关于BMJ旗下期刊的相关规定及投稿指南，请点击以下链接：备稿指南编辑政策患者知情同意书授权表同行评审过程编辑加工过程编辑政策（Editorial Policy）本刊是科学的临床针灸学期刊，面向以西医方式培训的医师和医疗职业人士，报道基于科学和证据的针灸实践。
我们仅考虑刊登采用科学、循证理念进行针灸实践的文章。
期刊的政策是应用当前神经生理学、解剖学和病理学知识，即西医理念，来诠释针灸的临床疗效。
在本刊的接收标准中，对传统针灸概念的讨论只能作为选择穴位的理论基础（在这种情况下，报告应遵循STRICTA指南），或者传统概念本身是研究的对象，不接受使用传统针灸思维而非循证理念来诠释针灸的作用机制或临床疗效。
*我们要求通讯作者须可代表全体作者签署本刊独家授权书（如系政府雇员，可签署非独家授权书），并在阅读后在稿件加入以下声明：“The Corresponding Author has the right to grant on behalf of all authors and does grant on behalf of all authors, an exclusive licence (or non-exclusive for government employees) on a worldwide basis to BMJ, and its Licensees to permit this article (if accepted) to be published in Acupuncture in Medicine and any other BMJ products and to exploit all subsidiary rights, as set out in our licence.”(“通讯作者有权代表全体作者签署对BMJ的全球独家授权书（如系政府官员，则签署非独家授权书），藉以许可BMJ在Acupuncture in Medicine和其它任何属于BMJ出版集团的刊物中刊出本文，并使用授权书中所规定的其它附属权利。
前牙美学牙冠延长术的适应证、临床操作及预后研究进展
他治疗方法在皮肤美容中的应用进展[J].中国美容医学,2016,25(12):113-116.无DOI.[14] 中国医师协会美容与整形医师分会激光亚专业委员会, 中华医学会皮肤性病学分会皮肤激光医疗美容学组, 中华医学会医学美学与美容学分会激光美容学组, 等. 点阵激光临床应用专家共识[J].实用皮肤病学杂志,2018,11(6):321-324. DOI:10.11786/sypfbxzz.1674-1293.20180601.Chinese expert consensus document on clinical application of fractional laser[J].Journal of Practical Dermatology,2018,11(6):321-324.DOI: 10.11786/sypfbxzz.1674-1293.20180601.[15] Zhu J, Yu W, Wang T, et al. Less is more: similar efficacy inthree sessions and seven sessions of pulsed dye laser treatment in infantile port-wine stain patients[J]. Lasers Med Sci, 2018,DOI:10.1007/s10103-018-2525-6.[16] Nam CH, Kim MH, Hong SP, et al. Fractional 532-nm KTPdiode laser and 595-nm pulsed dye laser in treatment of facial telangiectatic erythema[J]. J Cosmet Dermatol, 2019,18(3):783-787. DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12692.[17] Labau D, Cadic P, Ouroussoff G, et al. [Therapeutic indicationsfor percutaneous laser in patients with vascular malformations and tumors][J]. J Mal Vasc, 2014,39(6):363-372. DOI: 10.1016/ j.jmv.2014.06.001.[18] 李媛丽, 鞠安琪, 张玉宝, 等. Q开关激光在色素性疾病的临床应用[J].中国医疗美容,2019,9(12):45-48. DOI: 10.19593/j.issn.2095-0721.2019.12.011.Yuan-li LI, An-qi JU, Yu-bao Z, et al.Clinic observation of Q-switched laser on skin pigmentous disease[J].China Medical Cosmetology,2019,9(12):45-48. DOI: 10.19593/ j.issn.2095-0721.2019.12.011.[19] Bray FN, Shah V, Nouri K. Laser treatment of congenitalmelanocytic nevi: a review of the literature[J]. Lasers Med Sci, 2016,31(1):197-204. DOI: 10.1007/s10103-015-1833-3. [20] 潘虹, 宋为民, 沈静, 等. 大光斑低能量调Q开关Nd∶YAG激光治疗黄褐斑的疗效[J].中华医学美学美容杂志,2011,17(5):355-358. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1671-0290.2011.05.010.Hong P, Wei-min S, Jing S, et al.Efficacy of great spot low energy Q switch Nd ∶YAG laser on melasma[J].Chin J Med Aesth ＆ Cosmet,2011,17(5):355-358. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1671-0290.2011.05.010.[21] Hu S, Yang CS, Chang SL, et al. Efficacy and safety of thepicosecond 755-nm alexandrite laser for treatment of dermal pigmentation in Asians-a retrospective study[J]. Lasers Med Sci, 2020,DOI: 10.1007/s10103-020-02959-7.[22] Dierickx C. Using normal and high pulse coverage withpicosecond laser treatment of wrinkles and acne scarring: Long term clinical observations[J]. Lasers Surg Med, 2018,50(1):51-55.DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22763.·综 述·前牙美学牙冠延长术的适应证、临床操作及预后研究进展张晨星，许丽琦，林 军*（浙江大学医学院附属第一医院口腔科，浙江 杭州，310002）【摘要】近年来，随着患者对美学需求的日渐增加，前牙美学已然成为临床医生治疗过程中首要考虑的目标之一。
牵引锻炼颈托联合桂枝加葛根汤治疗神经根型颈椎病
牵引锻炼颈托联合桂枝加葛根汤治疗神经根型颈椎病刘昌顺，肖亮星，曾浪勇，章歆【摘要】目的探讨牵引锻炼颈托联合桂枝加葛根汤治疗神经根型颈椎病（cervical spondylotic radiculopathy ，CSR ）的临床疗效。
方法选择2019年10月至12月江门市五邑中医院门诊就诊的38例CSR 患者，随机分为牵引组（18例）和牵引加中药组（20例），牵引组运用牵引锻炼颈托在牵引状态下进行颈部肌群等长收缩锻炼（2次/d ），牵引加中药组在颈托牵引基础上联合桂枝加葛根汤治疗（1剂/d ），疗程为4周。
记录两组患者3个月内临床症状发作频次，采用视觉模拟量表（V AS ）评分评价患者疼痛缓解程度，通过CT 影像三维重建测量椎间孔面积和高度。
结果入组受试者全部完成临床观察。
治疗后两组V AS 评分均较治疗前改善，但牵引加中药组下降幅度优于牵引组；临床症状发作频次亦少于牵引组。
治疗后两组受试者左、右侧椎间孔面积和高度均提高，增加幅度较大的部位为C 4～C 5和C 5～C 6颈椎；相较于牵引组，牵引加中药组受试者C 4～C 7椎间孔面积、高度的增加更为明显，两组比较，差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.05）。
结论牵引锻炼颈托联合桂枝加葛根汤治疗能减轻椎间神经压迫，有效缓解CSR 临床症状，短期效果良好。
【关键词】颈椎病；牵引术；颈托；桂枝加葛根汤；中西医结合疗法中图分类号：R681.531，R274文献标识码：A 文章编号：1674-666X(2020)05/06-267-06Treatment of traction exercise neck brace combined with Guizhi plus Gegen Decoction for patients with cervical spondylotic radiculopathyLIU Changshun*,XIAO Liangxing,ZENG Langyong,ZHANG Xin.*School of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Southern Medical University,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510515,ChinaCorresponding author:XIAO Liangxing,E-mail:****************【Abstract 】Objective To investigate clinical effects of traction exercise neck brace (TENB)combined with Guizhi plus Gegen Decoction for patients with cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR).Methods A total of 38patients with CSR who treated in out-patient department of Jiangmen Wuyi TCM Hospital from October to December 2019were recruited and randomized into two groups,traction group (group A,n =18)and traction plus Chinese medicine group (group B,n =20).Patients in group A used TENB to perform neck muscleDOI ：10.3969/j.issn.1674–666X.2020.05-06.002基金项目：广州市科技计划项目（201704020129）作者单位：510515广州，南方医科大学中医药学院（刘昌顺），基础医学院（肖亮星）；528200广东，佛山市乙太医疗用品有限公司（刘昌顺，肖亮星，曾浪勇）；529000广东，江门市五邑中医院（章歆）通信作者：肖亮星，E-mail ：****************临床研究isometric exercise under traction (twice per day),while patients in group B were treated by combination therapy of TENB and Guizhi plus Gegen Decoction (one dose per day).All patients were treated for four weeks.Frequency of symptomatic attack within 3months was recorded,visual analogue scale (V AS)score was used to evaluate the relief of pain,and the area and height of intervertebral foramen were measured by 3D reconstruction of CT images.Results All the enrolled patients completed clinical observations.After treatment,V AS scores of the two groups were improved,in which the scores of patients in group B were better than those of patients in group A.Frequency of symptomatic attack was also less than that in group A.After treatment,the area and height of the left and right intervertebral foramina were increased in both groups,and among all segments of cervical vertebrae,C4-C5and C5-C6showed greater pared with group A,the area and height of the C4-C7intervertebral foramina in group B increased more obviously,the differences between two groups were statistically significant (P <0.05).Conclusion For patients with CSR,TENB combined with Guizhi plus Gegen Decoction can obtain good short-term effect with the decompression of intervertebral nerve and effective relief of clinical symptoms.【Keywords 】Cervical spondylosis;Traction;Neck brace;Guizhi Jiagegen Decoction;TCM WM therapy神经根型颈椎病（cervical spondylotic radi-culopathy ，CSR ）是常见的难治性疾病之一，临床表现主要包括颈肩部位疼痛、活动受限，头部疼痛，上肢放射性疼痛、麻木等，患者生活质量受到严重影响。
中医和西医的对比英文话题
中医和西医的对比英文话题Comparison between Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western MedicineTraditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Western Medicine are two distinct and widely practiced systems of healthcare that have evolved over centuries. While both aim to provide effective healthcare solutions, they differ significantly in terms of approach, methodologies, and principles.1. Philosophical Foundation:- TCM: TCM is rooted in the philosophy of Daoism, Yin and Yang, and the Five Elements theory. It emphasizes the balance of Qi (vital energy) and views the body as an interconnected system.- Western Medicine: Western Medicine is based on scientific principles and evidence-based approaches. It primarily focuses on identifying and treating specific symptoms and diseases.2. Patient Assessment:- TCM: TCM practitioners emphasize personalized assessment, including examination of the tongue, pulse diagnosis, and evaluation of overall energy patterns. They consider a person's lifestyle, environment, emotional state, and overall well-being to understand the underlying causes of health issues.- Western Medicine: Western Medicine relies heavily on laboratory tests, medical imaging, and clinical examinations. Physicians focus on diagnosing specific diseases or conditions using scientific methods.3. Treatment Methods:- TCM: TCM incorporates various treatment methods, including herbal medicine, acupuncture, cupping, and Qi-gong exercises. It aims to restore balance, improve Qi flow, and promote overall wellness.- Western Medicine: Western Medicine primarily relies on pharmacological interventions, surgery, and therapies such as chemotherapy, radiation, and physical therapy. It predominantly addresses symptoms and aims to provide targeted treatments.4. Perception of Health and Disease:- TCM: TCM perceives health as a state of harmony between mind, body, and environment. Disease is seen as an imbalance or disruption in energy flow. Emphasis is placed on prevention and maintaining overall well-being.- Western Medicine: Western Medicine focuses mainly on diagnosing and treating diseases, rather than considering the overall well-being of an individual. It heavily relies on pharmaceuticals and advanced medical technology.5. Research and Evidence:- TCM: TCM is based on historical texts, empirical observations, and experience. While there is ongoing research in TCM, it often faces challenges in meeting the rigorous scientific standards demanded by Western Medicine.- Western Medicine: Western Medicine is highly research-oriented and places heavy emphasis on evidence-based practice. Extensive clinical trials and scientific studies validate the effectiveness and safety of treatments.In conclusion, TCM and Western Medicine offer differentperspectives and approaches to healthcare. TCM prioritizes personalized treatment, holistic well-being, and natural interventions, while Western Medicine focuses on specific disease management, evidence-based treatments, and cutting-edge technology. Many individuals choose to combine elements of both systems to achieve comprehensive healthcare.。
01医学英语的副标题改写
一、将下列标题改为带有副标题的格式1.A light and electron microscopic study of two cases of primary sarcoma of the heart2. Experimental study of laser surgery of the liver3. A report of 60 cases of primary vaginal carcinoma4. Clinical analysis of 55 cases of subacute thyroiditis5. A study of 127 cases of deafness due to noise trauma6. Evidence-based Medicine is a new approach to teaching the practiced of Medicine7. Clinical, angiographic, and myocardial scintigraphic observations on unstable angina pectoris8. Twenty years' experience with hysterectomy for benign conditions9. Unstable angina and non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction in acute coronary syndrome10. Physiopathologic mechanisms for jaundice and cirrhosis1.光镜和电镜观察2例心脏原发性肉瘤2.肝脏激光手术的实验研究3.原发性阴道癌60例报告4.亚急性甲状腺炎55例临床分析5.噪声损伤耳聋127例研究6.循证医学是教授医学实践的新方法7.不稳定型心绞痛的临床，血管造影和心肌闪烁显像观察8.在良性疾病子宫切除术方面有20年的经验9.急性冠脉综合征的不稳定型心绞痛和非ST段抬高型心肌梗死10.黄疸和肝硬化的病理生理机制答:1.Primary sarcoma of the heart in a light and electron microscopic: a study of 2 cases.ser surgery of the liver:Experimental study.3.Primary vaginal carcinoma:a report of 60 cases.4.Subacute thyroiditis:a clinical analysis of 55 cases.5.Deafness due to noise trauma:a study of 127 cases.6.A new approach to teaching the practiced of Medicine:Evidence-based Medicine.7.Unstable angina pectoris:clinical, angiographic, and myocardial scintigraphic observations.8.Hysterectomy for benign conditions:Twenty years' experience.9.Acute coronary syndrome:unstable angina and non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction.10.Jaundice and cirrhosis:physiopathologic mechanisms.1，心脏原发性肉瘤的光镜和电镜检查：2例分析。
眼眶静脉畸形的治疗进展
眼眶静脉畸形的治疗进展林明【摘要】眼眶静脉畸形临床上可分为扩张型和非扩张型.眼眶静脉畸形的治疗除了手术切除外,栓塞治疗、硬化剂治疗和翻瓣激光治疗是近几年发展起来的微创治疗方法,本文就眼眶静脉畸形的治疗进展作一综述.%According to the clinical observations and CT scan examinations, orbital venous onalformations be tions into two types: distensible and nondistensible. In addition to the surgery treatment of orbital venous malformation, the embolization therapy, sclerotherapy and laser treatment was developed in recent years as minimally invasive method. The present review focused on the treatment of orbital venous malformations.【期刊名称】《临床眼科杂志》【年(卷),期】2011(019)004【总页数】4页(P368-371)【关键词】眼眶静脉畸形;栓塞、硬化剂、激光【作者】林明【作者单位】200011,上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院眼科【正文语种】中文眼眶静脉畸形是一种常见的眼眶先天性血管畸形，有明显的年龄倾向，多发生于儿童和青年时期。
眼眶静脉畸形引起慢性进展性眼球突出，以眶内上缘最多见，导致眼球突出，并向外下方移位。
肿瘤偶有压迫眼球，影响视神经引起视力下降，更多情况下会产生瘤内自发生出血或血栓形成，出现急性眶压增高，造成视力减退甚至失明。
一、眼眶静脉畸形的临床表现和分类眼部血管性病变包括血管瘤和血管畸形，血管畸形是以血管腔隙形态异常为特点，不伴有血管内皮细胞增生的一类先天性血管性疾病，其组织学特征是发育不良的血管管腔内覆盖有静止的血管内皮细胞。
孟鲁司特钠联合糖皮质激素治疗儿童咳嗽变异型哮喘
孟鲁司特钠联合糖皮质激素治疗儿童咳嗽变异型哮喘储昭乐;丁圣刚【摘要】目的评估应用孟鲁司特钠联合糖皮质激素对咳嗽变异性哮喘患儿的疗效.方法 67位被诊断为儿童咳嗽变异性哮喘的病例随机分为治疗组34例和对照组33例.治疗组使用孟鲁司特联合吸入糖皮质激素,而对照组仅使用吸入糖皮质激素.并观察两组呼吸峰流速(PEF),临床疗效,以及复发情况.结果治疗组临床疗效,呼吸峰流速(PEF),及复发率均优于对照组,组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论孟鲁司特联合糖皮质激素在咳嗽变异性哮喘患儿治疗中能提高有效率,减少复发,值得临床推广.%Objective To investigate the curative effect of combing montelukast with inhaled corticosteroids in treatment of children with CVA. Methods All the 67 examples diagnosed CVA were divided into the treatment group (n = 34) and the control group ( n = 33 ) randomly. The children in treatment group were treated with montelukast Combined with inhaled Glucocorticoid, while those in the control group were treated only with inhaled Glucocorticoid. Observations were made on clinical therapeutic effects, the peak expiratory ffow rate ( PEFR ) and the recurrence. Results Clinical efficacy the respiratory peak ffow velocity ( PEF ), and the recurrence rate were better in the treatment group than in the control group, and the difference between the two groups had statistical significance ( P < 0. 05 ). Conclusion Montelukast combined with Clucocoiticoid in the treatment of childhood with cough variant asthma can boost clinical efficien cy greatly, and reduce the recurrence. It's woith to be promoted and applied widely in clinical practice.【期刊名称】《临床肺科杂志》【年(卷),期】2012(017)011【总页数】2页(P1979-1980)【关键词】孟鲁司特;糖皮质激素;儿童;咳嗽变异性哮喘【作者】储昭乐;丁圣刚【作者单位】231400,安徽,桐城,桐城市人民医院l;230023,安徽,合肥,安徽医科大学附属第一医院【正文语种】中文咳嗽变异性哮喘(cough variant asthma CVA)是哮喘的一种形式，它的病理生理改变与哮喘病一样，也是持续气道炎症反应与气道高反应性。