第4讲 定语从句(一)
Step One 第4讲 2020话题版步步高大一轮英语复习讲义
第4讲润色添彩的定语从句
定语从句的正确使用体现学生对于语言具有较高的掌握能力，在写作中使用一到两个定语从句可以提升文章的档次。
一、写作中定语从句的常见类型
1.关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词who，whom，whose，that，which，as引导的定语从句是写作的一大重点，尤其是which和as引导的非限制性定语从句在高考范文中更是常见。
(1)I have already been a volunteer for the 13th National Games which will be held at the end of August in Tianjin.我已经是八月底将在天津举行的第十三届全运会的志愿者了。(2017·天津) (2)There is no doubt that you are supposed to know about the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance，which will make the class go smoothly.
毫无疑问你应该提前了解唐朝的历史，这会使得课程进展顺利。(2017·全国Ⅰ)
(3)Any student who is interested is welcome to participate.
欢迎任何感兴趣的同学参加。(2016·全国Ⅱ)
2.关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词引导的定语从句是指when，where，why引导的定语从句。
(1)I think the reason why you are always angry may be the high pressure of study.
完整定语从句讲义
定语从句（Attributive Clauses）
（一）定语从句的语法意义
在复合句中，用一个由主谓结构的陈述句修饰某一个名词或代词的句子就叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；引导定语从句的词叫关系词（其作用一是放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，三是重复先行词的意义，故其数与先行词一致）。
（二）由关系词引导的定语从句
关系词先行词从句成分例句
关系代词
who 人主语The boy who helped us is called Nick.
whom 人宾语
The girl (whom) I met looks like Lily.
I know the actor to whom you just talked.
that 人，物
主语
宾语
A plane is a machine that can fly.
I am not the fool (that) you thought me.
which 物
主语
宾语
This is a book which tells about Canada.
The pen (which) you lent me is missing.
whose 人，物定语
This is the scientist whose name is known all over the
world.
The room whose window is red is mine.
关系副词when 时间
状语
Don’t forget the time when we met her.
定语从句讲义（个人精心整理）
一．定语从句定义及相关术语
1.定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的
先行词之后。先行词之后。
2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3.关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等；等；
关系副词有when, where, why 等。等。
关系词通常有下列三个作用：关系词通常有下列三个作用：A.引导定语从句B.代替先行词,C.在定语从句中担当一个成分在定语从句中担当一个成分
二．关系代词表格
关系词关系词
先行词先行词 从句成分从句成分 例句例句 关
系
代
词 who 人 主语，宾语主语，宾语 Do Do you you you know know know the the the man man man who who who is is is talking talking talking with with with your your
mother? whom 人 宾语宾语 The boy (whom) she loved died in the war.
Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working
whose 人，物人，物 定语定语 I like those books whose topics are about history.
(完整版)定语从句讲解
1
一、定语从句概述
定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、数词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语 等来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。在句子中起定语作用的从句称为定语 从句。定语从句在句中的作用相当于形容词，故又称为形容词性从句。被定 语从句修饰的名词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
二 关系词的用法。
关系词可分为关系代词和关系副词。关系词指代先行词，放在先行词与 定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又充当定语从句中的某一种成分（主语、宾 语、状语等）。 引导定语从句的关系代词有"at ，who ，whom ，whose ，which;关系副词有 when ，where ，why 等。关系词在句子中的指代作用及成分如下表 1.关系代词的用法
(1) who, whom 的用法
二者都用于指人。who 在定语从句中作主语、宾语;whom 在定语从句中 作宾语。在现代英语里，有时who 也可代替whom 在从句中作宾语。作 宾语的关系代词who ，whom 可以省略(介词后作宾语的关系代词除外）。 She was the one who did most of the talking 。大部分时间都是她在说话。（作主语） The boy who I know studies best in his class.我认识的那个男孩在班上学习最好。（作宾语）
I happened to meet the professor (who/whom) I got to know at a party. 我碰巧遇见了那位在一次聚会上认识的教授。（作宾语，whom 可用who 代替) whom 在从句中作介词的宾语，且介词提到whom 前面时，不能用who 代替。 Yesterday I came across a few friends with whom I went to the park .昨天 我碰见了几个朋友，我和他们一起去了公园。（句中的whom 不能用who 代替）
Unit 4 定语从句(Ⅰ)-- 高中英语必修第一册同步语法讲练
Unit 4 定语从句(Ⅰ)--高中英语必修第一册同步语法讲练
Unit 4 语法精讲-定语从句(Ⅰ)
[课本例句]
诵读下列例句并感知画线部分的共性
1．(教材P50)There were deep cracks that/which appeared in the well walls.
2．(教材P50)Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.
3．(教材P50)The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000.
4．(教材P50)Soon after the quakes, the army sent150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those whowere trapped and to bury the dead.
5．(教材P50)Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
6．(教材P52)A doctor with whom James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake in Ecuador.
7．Theboy whose father is a teacher is a newclassmate of mine.
第四讲 定语从句
第四讲 定语从句
结束
3．as 引导的定语从句 (1)as 可以引导限制性定语从句，常用于“so/such/the same＋先行词＋as ...”结构中。 Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China. 像在我们车间使用的机器是中国制造的。
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第四讲 定语从句
结束
[名师指津]
当 先 行 词 为 situation, case, stage, point, activity, atmosphere 等抽象名词， 且引导词在定语从句中表示事情发 生的情况、阶段等时，常用关系副词 where 引导。 Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth. (2014· 福建高考单选) 学生应该参加社区活动，他们能从中获得成长经验。
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上页
下页
末 页
第四讲 定语从句
结束
3．why 引导的定语从句 why 表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介 词 for＋which”结构。 Do you know the reason why/for which he didn't attend the meeting? 你知道他没参加会议的原因吗？
英语语法：定语从句(1)
which、that 是关系代词，它在从句中代替 先行词the building，同时担任从句中的主语， 也起连词的作用，把两个简单句连接 起来。
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 The Restrictive Attributive Clause 限制性定语从句（无逗号）
定 语 从 The Non-Restrictive Attributive 句 Clause 非限制性定语从句（有逗号）
2. whom指人,作宾语 (作宾语可省略, 如介词提前则不能省) The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li. The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.
3. which 指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略, 如介词提前则不能省)
I can remember well the persons and some pictures(that) I see.
题型回顾 • There are many different kinds of insurance, _8_ hospital, motor-car and fire. Insurance can be rather expensive but most people buy insurance of some kind. Insurance is something _9_ people buy and hope they will _10_ need. 8. A. include B. including C. as well as D. also 9. A. which B. that C. as D. like 10.A. never B. ever C. sometimes D. often
Unit 4 定语从句讲义 2021-2022学年外研版高中英语必修第一册
2022外研版英语-新高一-定语从句（专项练习）
定语从句-全面解析
【教学目标】能准确理解定语从句的定义、构成；关系代词和关系副词的区别【教学重点】定语从句关系代词的选用
【教学难点】在复合句中，能正确辨认定语从句，并区别其他从句
【教学内容一】定语从句-关系连词分类
分类关系词所指代的先行词在从句中的成分
关系代词
who人主语、宾语（可省略）
whom人宾语（可省略）
which物主语、宾语（可省略）
that人或物主语、宾语（可省略）Whose（谁的=adj）
whose后必须是名词
人或物定语
关系副词when状语从句不缺成分时间状语where状语从句不缺成分地点状语why状语从句不缺成分原因状语【教学内容二】关系词的用法
引导定语从句的关系代词有which，that，who，whom，whose。
关系副词有when，where，why等。
关系代词和关系副词不仅有连接先行词和从句的作用，而且在从句中担当一个句子成分。
1.关系代词的用法：
1)由who引导的定语从句
关系代词who只能指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。如：
A teacher is a person who passes knowledge to the student.
（关系代词在从句中作主语）
The man who can do this work will get 1000 dollars.
（关系代词who在从句中作主语）
2)由whom引导的定语从句
关系代词whom只能指人，是who的宾格，在从句中作宾语，在口语中常常省略。如：
The man whom you met on the street is my father.
英语定语从句讲义
定语从句
（一）基本概念
1.由一个句子作定语，修饰句中一个名词或代词，有时也可以修饰整个句子或句中的部分内容，
这样的从句就是定语从句，被其修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
2.关系词分为两大类，即关系代词和关系副词，其作用一是引出一个定语从句，二是代替其所修
饰的先行词，三是在句中充当某个句子成分。
关系词的分类和基本用法
分类指代引导词
关系代词
人who, whom, that, as
事物which, that, as
人或物（表所属关系）whose
关系副词地点where 时间when 原因why
关系代词指代例句解释
who
人The man who helped you is Mr
White.
在定从中作主语
whom That is the person(whom/who/that)
you want to see.
在定从中作宾语，可省略
whose He is the father whose son studies
very well in our class.
在定从中作定语
that I´m not the fool that you thought me
to be.
在定从中作表语
as He is such a lazy man as nobody
wants to work with.
在定从中作宾语
that
事物The only thing that we can do is to
give you some advice.
在定从中作宾语
which A dictionary is a useful book which
2021 层级2 第4讲 吸引眼球的三大从句(定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句)
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Thanks again for your dinner. I am sure 6． (that) the unforgettable _e_x_p_e_r_ie_n_c_e_w__il_l _b_e_s_t_o_re_d__in__m_y__m_i_n_d_f_o_r_e_v_er__(这次难忘的经历会永远 保存在我的心中)．
返 首 页
3
2．我们都知道，当我们需要帮助时，我们的朋友会伸出援手， 帮我们渡过难关。
_A_s__w_e_a_l_l_k_n_o_w____, when we need help our friends will lend us a helping hand and help us get through difficult situations.
②Our women volleyball team had won the championship.The news
encouraged us all greatly. → The news that our women volleyball team had won the
championship encouraged us all greatly.
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During the party, 2. what impressed me most (使我印象最深的) was
(人教版)高中英语必修一：unit 4 Earthquakes定语从句及语法讲解(I)
定语从句（1）
概念引入：
She is the girl who sings best of all.
她是所有人中唱得最好的。
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。
He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry.
他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。
Give me the book whose cover is green.
把那本儿绿皮儿的书给我。
定语从句是我们初中学过的一项语法，上面这些句子与你初中学的有差别吗？是不是有点不同呢？从这个单元开始，我们将学习定语从句的升级版，但还是从头开始学哟。
语法点拨【定语从句一P1】，
定语从句的定义
Do you know the girl who came here yesterday? 你认识昨天来的那个女孩吗？
The book which he bought the day before yesterday is very good.
他前天买的那本书很棒。
He is the man whom we should learn from. 他就是我们应该学习的人。
Her friend whose home is very far came to see her. 她的那位家很远的朋友来看她了。
其中粗体的部分就是定语从句，划横线的部分叫做先行词，也就是被定语从句修饰的词。
定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
第4讲 定语从句(一)
Actions speak louder than words.
一、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
如：1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman.
2) You must do everything that I do.
上面两句中的man 和everything 是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，
定语从句放在先行词的后面。
* 引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格whom, 所有格
whose)和关系副词where, when 、why
* 关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定
语从句中担当一个成分
二、关系代词引导的定语从句
* 1.who 指人，在从句中做主语
(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
* 2. whom 指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.
注意：关系代词whom 在口语和非正式语体中常用who
代替，可省
定语从句（一）
略。
(2) The man (who/whom )you met just now is my friend.
* 3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略
定语从句讲解(1)
the girls是先行词
4. 关系代词和关系副词叫做从句的引导词 a. 联系定 语从句和先行词 b.充当定语从句的一个句子成分
任何一个从句都必须有它的引导词 1. He is the man whom I want to see.
他就是我要见的人.
whom联系定语从句和the man, whom充当定语从句中see的宾语
which 意为“这、这件事、这一点” 整个主句 太阳为我们提供光和热,______________ 这使得植物生长. which从句修饰________
2.定语从句的作用相当于形容词
1. The woman who is talking with him is a doctor.
修饰
和他在谈话的妇女是一位医生. who…部分相当于一个_______ 形容词
翻译成中文
1. Do you know the man who can speak English?.
2. That’s the woman whom the policeman is looking for . 3. We have some students whose parents are college teachers
7. He found his ball-pen in the room where we had a meeting
定语从句讲解(一)
易错题汇总
1. Occasions（机会） are quite rare______I have the time to spend a day with my kids. A. who B.which C. why D. when 2. Life is like a race(竞赛）_____we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. A. Why B. what C. that D. where
分隔式定语从句
•
1.
情况：先行词和关系词分开。
Because of the financial crisis（经济危机）, days are gone （ ）local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night. A. if B. when C. which D. since 2. I have reached a point in my life （ ） I am supposed to make decisions of my own. A. which B. where C. how D. why
抽象地点： 抽象地点：point, stage, situation, case, scene等词作先行 词 若在定语从句中作状语，应由where引导定语从句。 抽象时间：occasions, 由when 引导。 抽象时间 • Can you think out a situation where this word can be used? • Her illness has developed to the point where nobody can cure her. • 例题1：Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases_____beginners of English fail to use the language properly. A．which B．as C．why D．where
2020高考英语一轮复习层级2高级表达第4讲吸引眼球的三大从句(定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句)教学案
第4讲吸引眼球的三大从句(定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句)
用三大从句完成句子
1．我特别的爱好是读书看报，这已经成为我日常生活中不可或缺的一部分。
My favorite hobbies are reading books and newspapers, which has become a necessary part of my daily life．
2．我们都知道，当我们需要帮助时，我们的朋友会伸出援手，帮我们渡过难关。
As we all know, when we need help our friends will lend us a helping hand and help us get through difficult situations.
3．使我印象最深的是他们都经过了专业培训。
What impressed me most was that they had had professional training．
4．我想知道你能否给我提供一些如何交朋友的建议。
I wonder if/whether you can give me some advice on how to make friends.
5．每当见到有人需要帮助，我都会尽力去帮助他。
Whenever I see someone in need, I will spare no effort to help him.
6．不管我们会遇到什么困难，我们都将继续进行研究。
Whatever difficulties we may meet with，we'll go on with the research.
高必修一 U4 语法讲解：定语从句(关系代词)
who / that 5. The man _________ is talking with my father is a policeman. 6. He is the doctor _____________ your whom/ that mother spoke to. 7. Shanghai is no longer the city that/which ______ it used to be. that/which 8. I still remember the look _______ it once was. whose 9. He lives in a room ________ window faces south. the window of which whose 10. This is the scientist _______ name is known all over the world. the name of whom
结论3： 先行词有以下限定时，关系词只用that： 1. 先行词为不定代词 something, everything, anything, nothing, little, much, all 2. 先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时 3. 先行词被the only，the very，the last 修饰 时 This is the very book that I’m looking for. 这正是我在寻找的那本书。 4. 先行词同时指人和指物时 5. 当主句是who 或 which开头的疑问句时
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Actions speak louder than words.
一、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
如：1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman.
2) You must do everything that I do.
上面两句中的man 和everything 是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，
定语从句放在先行词的后面。
* 引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格whom, 所有格
whose)和关系副词where, when 、why
* 关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定
语从句中担当一个成分
二、关系代词引导的定语从句
* 1.who 指人，在从句中做主语
(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
* 2. whom 指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.
注意：关系代词whom 在口语和非正式语体中常用who
代替，可省
定语从句（一）
略。
(2) The man (who/whom )you met just now is my friend.
* 3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略
(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
(2) This is the pen which he bought yesterday.
* 4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。
(1) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here.
(2) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?
* 5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语
(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
(2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.
whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替
(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
(4)Do you like the book whose color is yellow?
=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?
* 具体使用时还要注意下列问题：
1、只能使用that,不用which 的情况：
* 1）当先行词是：all , any , anything , everything , nothing或被它们修饰时。Is there anything that I can do for you ? 有什么可以为你做的吗？
All that can be done must be done . 凡是能做的都必须做。
* 2）当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。例如：
That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookshop .那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一。
The first thing that we should do is to get some food .
我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。
* 3）当先行词有：the only , the very , the same , the last 等修饰时。例如：
My necklace is not the only thing that's missing .
我的项链不仅是丢掉的东西。
* 4）当主句以who或which开头时，定语从句中引导词用that ,不用which 或who ，以避免重复。例如：
Who is the girl that is wearing a red coat ?
正穿一件红色外套的女孩子是谁？
* 5）当先行词既有人又有物时，用that 。例如：
The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well known .
你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很著名。
2、只用which不用that的情况：
关系代词前有介词时；
e.g. This is the room in which Lu Xun lived.
三、关系副词引导的定语从句
* 1、when：当主句中的先行词(即主句中被后面定语从句修饰的词)是表示时间意义的名词时，它只能作定语从句的时间状语，放在定语从句句首。如果定语从句的引导词是作该定语从句的主语或宾语，则要改用关系代词that或which来引导。例如：
I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.
He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.
The days when we used foreign oil are gone.
I'll never forget the day when I was born. (=I'll never forget my birthday.) It happened in November when the weather was wet and cold.
The day that I always remember in all my life is my birthday.
* 2、where：当主句中的先行词是表示地点意义的名词时，它只能作其所在的定语从句的地点状语，放在定语从句的句首。如果定语从句的引导词作该定语从句的主语或宾语时，也要改用关系代词that或which来引导。例如：
The factory where his father works is in the east of the city
This is the room where (＝in which) I lived last year.
Is this the classroom where(=in which) the old worker is going to make/give us a report?
Let's look for a place where we can swim.
The building that is being built over there will be a new hospital.
That is the factory (that) they visited last month.