美国历史最具影响力一百人

2006年12月号的《大西洋》月刊，将刊出一份由10个著名美国历史学家评选的“美国历史上最有影响的100个人”的名单。

排在第一位是林肯总统。

前10名中还包括其他四个总统：乔治?华盛顿、托马斯?杰斐逊、威尔逊和罗斯福，以及民权活动家马丁?路德?金、亚历山大?汉密尔顿、本杰明?富兰克林、最高法院大法官约翰?马歇尔和发明家爱迪生。

名单中还有30多个作家，包括马克?吐温和沃尔特?惠特尼。

名单上也有一些当代人物，比如鲍勃?迪伦、泰格?伍兹和比尔?盖茨。

下面就是完整的名单。

美国历史上最有影响的100个人1 Abraham Lincoln 林肯He saved the Union, freed the slaves, and presided over America’s second founding.他挽救了联盟,解放了奴隶,并主持全美第二80.2 George Washington 乔治?华盛顿He made the United States possible—not only by defeating a king, but by declining to become one himself.他可能使美国不仅打败了国王,但下降成为自己.3 Thomas Jefferson 杰佛逊The author of the five most important words in American history: “All men are created equal.”作者五字美国历史最重要:"人人生而平等"4 Franklin Delano Roosevelt 富兰克林?罗斯福He said, “The only thing we have to fear is fear itself,” and then he proved it.他说,"我们唯一要担心的是怕自己",然后他证明.5 Alexander Hamilton 亚历山大?汉密尔顿Soldier, banker, and political scientist, he set in motion an agrarian nation’s transformation into an industrial power.救死扶伤,银行家和政治科学家,他启动农业国转变为一个工业强国.6 Benjamin Franklin 富兰克林The Founder-of-all-trades— scientist, printer, writer, diplomat, inventor, and more; like his country, he contained multitudes.创始人--全行业的科学家、打印机、作家、外交家、发明家、更多;像他的国家,他载众多.7 John Marshall 约翰?马歇尔The defining chief justice, he established the Supreme Court as the equal of the other two federal branches.首席大法官的定位,他成立了最高法院作为平等的另外两联邦分行.8 Martin Luther King Jr.马丁?路德?金His dream of racial equality is still elusive, but no one did more to make it real.种族平等的梦想仍遥遥无期,但没有任何人更使它真正.9 Thomas Edison 爱迪生?托马斯It wasn’t just the lightbulb; the Wizard of Menlo Park was the most prolific inventor in American history.它不仅仅是lightbulb;男巫的加利福尼亚公园的多产发明家是美国历史.10 Woodrow Wilson 威尔逊He made the world safe for U.S. interventionism, if not for democracy.他对美国干涉世界的安全,如果不是民主.11 John D. Rockefeller 约翰?洛克菲勒The man behind Standard Oil set the mold for our tycoons—first by making money, then by giving it away.男子背后一套标准模具的石油巨子-先赚钱,然后给带走.12 Ulysses S. Grant 尤利西斯?格兰特He was a poor president, but he was the general Lincoln needed; he also wrote the greatest political memoir in American history.他是一个贫穷的总统,但他总林肯需要;他还写道,在美国历史上最大的政治回忆录.13 James Madison 詹姆斯麦迪逊He fathered the Constitution and wrote the Bill of Rights.他的父亲写信宪法和人权法案.14 Henry Ford福特亨利He gave us the assembly line and the Model T, and sparked America’s love affair with the automobile.他给我们的生产线及094笔,引来美国的汽车情缘.15 Theodore Roosevelt 罗斯福Whether busting trusts or building canals, he embodied the “strenuous life” and blazed a trail for twentieth-century America.是否缉捕或信托大厦运河,他体现了"艰苦生活",走出了一条二十世纪美国.16 Mark Twain 马克吐温Author of our national epic, he was the most unsentimental observer of our national life.民族史诗的作者,他是最冷酷的观察国家生活.17 Ronald Reagan 里根The amiable architect of both the conservative realignment and the Cold War’s end.随和的建筑师都保守重组和冷战的结束.18 Andrew Jackson杰克逊18年家The first great populist: he found America a republic and left it a democracy.第一大民粹:他发现了美洲和左一个民主共和国.19 Thomas Paine 托马斯潘The voice of the American Revolution, and our first great radical.美国革命的声音,我们的第一大急.20 Andrew Carnegie 安德鲁卡内基The original self-made man forged America’s industrial might and became one of the nation’s greatest philanthropists.原来自制男子伪造美国的工业力量,成为全国最大的慈善家.21 Harry Truman 亨利杜鲁门An accidental president, this machine politician ushered in the Atomic Age and then the Cold War.一个偶然,这种机器政治家开创原子能时代,然后冷战.22 Walt Whitman ,惠特曼He sang of America and shaped the country’s conception of itself.他唱得合众国形国观本身.23 Wright Brothers 莱特兄弟They got us all off the ground.大家拿到离地面.24 Alexander Graham Bell 亚历山大格雷厄姆贝尔By inventing the telephone, he opened the age of telecommunications and shrank the world.发明了电话,他开的年龄缩水电信和世界.25 John Adams 约翰亚当斯His leadership made the American Revolution possible; his devotion to republicanism made it succeed.他领导了美国革命;献身共和得很成功.26 Walt Disney 迪士尼The quintessential entertainer-entrepreneur, he wielded unmatched influence over our childhood.艺人精深的企业家,他执掌匹敌影响我们的童年.27 Eli Whitney 惠特曼His gin made cotton king and sustained an empire for slavery.他杜松子酒棉制帝国为国王和持续奴役.28 Dwight Eisenhower 艾森豪威尔He won a war and two elections, and made everybody like Ike.他赢得了一场战争,两次选举中,取得了大家喜欢的IKE.29 Earl Warren 厄尔华伦His Supreme Court transformed American society and bequeathed to us the culture wars.美国最高法院改变其社会留给我们的文化战争.30 Elizabeth Cady Stanton 伊丽莎白卡迪One of the first great American feminists, she fought for social reform and women’s right to vote.一个伟大的美国女性第一,她争取社会改革和妇女选举权.31 Henry Clay 亨利克雷One of America’s greatest legislators and orators, he forged compromises that held off civil war for decades.其中美国最大的立法者和演说,他妥协,举行过十年内战.32 Albert Einstein 爱因斯坦His greatest scientific work was done in Europe, but his humanity earned him undying fame in America.他最大的科学工作都是在欧洲,但他的人性为他赢得不朽的名声在美国. 33 Ralph Waldo Emerson 爱默生The bard of individualism, he relied on himself—and told us all to do the same.巴德的个人主义,他靠的是自己,告诉大家这样做.34 Jonas SalkHis vaccine for polio eradicated one of the world’s worst plagues.他根除小儿麻痹症疫苗是世界上最坏的瘟疫.35 Jackie RobinsonHe broke baseball’s color barrier and embodied integration’s promise.他打破职棒的壁垒,体现彩色一体化的诺言.36 William Jennings Bryan 威廉吉布莱恩“The Great Commoner”lost three presidential elections, but his populism transformed the country."大布衣"失去三个总统选举,但他的民粹主义的转化.37 J. P. Morgan 摩根大通The great financier and banker was the prototype for all the Wall Street barons who followed.大金融家和银行家是所有原型随同华尔街大王.38 Susan B. Anthony 苏珊乙安东尼She was the country’s most eloquent voice for women’s equality under the law.她是我国目前最有力的声音,妇女在法律上平等.39 Rachel Carson卡森雷切尔The author of Silent Spring was godmother to the environmental movement.<寂静的春天>作者是环保运动的教母.40 John Dewey 杜威He sought to make the public school a training ground for democratic life.他力求使公立学校的训练场民主生活.41 Harriet Beecher Stowe 的Harriet格尔斯托Her Uncle Tom’s Cabin inspired a generation of abolitionists and set the stage for civil war.汤姆叔叔的鼓舞了一代舱,并为废奴内战.42 Eleanor Roosevelt 罗斯福She used the first lady’s office and the mass media to become “first lady of the world.”她用第一夫人办公室和大众传媒成为"世界第一夫人"43 W. E. B. DuBois 特约e.乙杜波伊斯One of America’s great intellectuals, he made the “problem of the color line” his life’s work.其中美国的大知识分子,他的"问题的彩色线"一生的工作.44 Lyndon Baines Johnson 贝恩斯约翰逊His brilliance gave us civil-rights laws; his stubbornness gave us Vietnam.他给我们光辉民事权利的法律;他给我们越固执.45 Samuel F. B. Morse 塞缪尔莫尔斯乙六Before the Internet, there was Morse code.在互联网上有莫尔斯码.46 William Lloyd Garrison 威廉劳埃德驻军Through his newspaper, The Liberator , he became the voice of abolition.通过他的报纸,解放者,继任呼声裁撤.47 Frederick Douglass 道格拉斯After escaping from slavery, he pricked the nation’s conscience with an eloquent accounting of its crimes.后逃离奴役,他刺激了民族的良知与辩才核算其罪行.48 Robert Oppenheimer 奥本海默The father of the atomic bomb and the regretful midwife of the nuclear era.原子弹之父的遗憾和助产士的核时代.49 Frederick Law Olmsted 法检欧姆斯德The genius behind New York’s Central Park, he inspired the greening of America’s cities.天才背后的纽约中央公园,他鼓舞了绿化美的城市.50 James K. Polk 詹姆斯悦结论POLKThis one-term president’s Mexican War landgrab gave us California, Texas, and the Southwest.这其中任总统的美墨战争landgrab给加州德克萨斯、西南地区.51 Margaret Sanger 霭桑戈The ardent champion of birth control—and of the sexual freedom that came with it.冠军的殷切节育、性自由而来的.52 Joseph Smith 约瑟夫史密斯The founder of Mormonism, America’s most famous homegrown faith.mormonism创始人、美国最知名的本土信仰.53 Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. 霍姆斯保守派苦海wendellKnown as “The Great Dissenter,” he wrote Supreme Court opinions that continue to shape American jurisprudence.被称为"伟大的异议",他写的意见,最高法院判例美国继续形状.54 Bill Gates 盖茨The Rockefeller of the Information Age, in business and philanthropy alike.洛克菲勒的信息时代,在商业和慈善事业一样.55 John Quincy Adams 约翰-昆西亚当The Monroe Doctrine’s real author, he set nineteenth-century America’s diplomatic course.门罗主义的真正作者,他提出19世纪美国的外交历程.56 Horace Mann 贺拉斯?曼His tireless advocacy of universal public schooling earned him the title “The Father of American Education.”不知疲倦就学赢得公众宣传普及标题"美国教育之父"57 Robert E. Lee 罗伯特李e.He was a good general but a better symbol, embodying conciliation in defeat.他是一名好美好的象征,但一般体现在调解失败.58 John C. Calhoun 约翰丙卡尔洪The voice of the antebellum South, he was slavery’s most ardent defender.内战前南方的声音,他被奴役的最纯朴的维护者.59 Louis Sullivan沙利文路易The father of architectural modernism, he shaped the defining American building: the skyscraper.现代主义建筑之父,他塑造的界定美国建筑:摩天大楼.60 William Faulkner 福克纳The most gifted chronicler of America’s tormented and fascinating South.最天才日记美国南折磨,引人入胜.61 Samuel Gompers 塞缪尔gompersThe country’s greatest labor organizer, he made the golden age of unions possible.我国最大的劳务组织者,他的黄金时代工会播出.62 William James 威廉詹姆斯The mind behind Pragmatism, America’s most important philosophical school.后面的实用主义态度,美国最重要的哲学学校.63 George Marshall 马歇尔乔治As a general, he organized the American effort in World War II; as a statesman, he rebuilt Western Europe.作为一般,他组织的努力,美国在第二次世界大战;作为一个政治家,他改建西欧.64 Jane Addams 阿珍addamsThe founder of Hull House, she became the secular saint of social work.船体内部的创始人,她成了圣世俗社会工作.65 Henry David Thoreau 亨利大卫梭罗The original American dropout, he has inspired seekers of authenticity for 150 years.原来美洲辍学,他授意求职真实性一百五十年.66 Elvis Presley 猫王The king of rock and roll.摇滚天王. Enough said.够.67 P. T. Barnum 第汤匙barnumThe circus impresario’s taste for spectacle paved the way for blockbuster movies and reality TV.impresario马戏团的口味眼镜铺平风靡一时的电视影片和现实.68 James D. Watson 理丁沃森He codiscovered DNA’s double helix, revealing the code of life to scientists and entrepreneurs alike.他codiscovered的DNA的双螺旋,显现出生命的科学家和企业家实务乐趣.69 James Gordon Bennett 詹姆斯治疗Bennett戈登As the founding publisher of The New York Herald , he invented the modern Americannewspaper.作为创始社长纽约先驱,他发明了美国现代报业.70 Lewis and Clark 刘易斯和克拉克They went west to explore, and millions followed in their wake.他们来到西发掘,并在随后几百万跟随.71 Noah Webster71年诺亚韦伯斯特He didn’t create American English, but his dictionary defined it.他没有创造美国英语,但他的字典定义.72 Sam Walton 萨姆尔登He promised us “Every Day Low Prices,” and we took him up on the offer.他应允"天天低价"的时候,他就代为提供.73 Cyrus McCormick 鲁士和McCormickHis mechanical reaper spelled the end of traditional farming, and the beginning of industrial agriculture.他机械收割结束堆砌传统农业,农业产业初.74 Brigham Young 翰What Joseph Smith founded, Young preserved, leading the Mormons to their promised land.约瑟夫史密斯创立什么,年轻保存,其领导摩门教乐土.75 George Herman “Babe” Ruth 乔治赫尔曼"宝贝"罗思He saved the national pastime in the wake of the Black Sox scandal—and permanently linked sports and celebrity.他挽救了国家在经历了黑色消遣脱硫丑闻--体育界名人和长久联系.76 Frank Lloyd Wright 赖特America’s most significant architect, he was the archetype of the visionary artist at odds with capitalism.美国最重要的建筑师,他是具有远见卓识的艺术家原型触资本主义.77 Betty Friedan 傅瑞She spoke to the discontent of housewives everywhere—and inspired a revolution in gender roles.她不满地到处家庭主妇和启发性别角色的一场革命.78 John Brown 约翰-布朗Whether a hero, a fanatic, or both, he provided the spark for the Civil War.无论英雄,一个狂热,或两者,为他提供了星火内战.79 Louis Armstrong斯特朗路易His talent and charisma took jazz from the cathouses of Storyville to Broadway, television, and beyond.他的才华和魅力,把爵士乐从cathousesstoryville的百老汇、电视及以后.80 William Randolph Hearst 威廉道夫hearstThe press baron who perfected yellow journalism and helped start the Spanish-American War.新闻男爵黄色新闻,帮助他们完善开始美西战争.81 Margaret Mead 霭蜂蜜With Coming of Age in Samoa , she made anthropology relevant—and controversial.年龄在萨摩亚与未来,她作了相关的人类学和争议.82 George Gallup 乔治盖洛普He asked Americans what they thought, and the politicians listened.他要求美国人怎么想、政治家听.83 James Fenimore Cooper 库柏The novels are unreadable, but he was the first great mythologizer of the frontier.小说都不知所云,但他是第一个伟大的mythologizer前沿.84 Thurgood Marshall thurgood马歇尔As a lawyer and a Supreme Court justice, he was the legal architect of the civil-rights revolution.身为律师和最高法院的法官,他是建筑师的民事法律权利革命.85 Ernest Hemingway 海明威His spare style defined American modernism, and his life made machismo a cliché.空暇界定美国现代风格,他的一生作了主义陈词滥调.86 Mary Baker Eddy 玛丽贝克涡She got off her sickbed and founded Christian Science, which promised spiritual healing to all.她下车,她在病床上创立基督教科学,答应全部愈合精神.87 Benjamin Spock 开展SPOCK本杰明With a single book—and a singular approach—he changed American parenting.有一本书和一个奇异的办法,他改变了美国父母.88 Enrico Fermi 费米师EnricoA giant of physics, he helped develop quantum theory and was instrumental in building the atomic bomb.物理学的巨人,他帮助开发量子理论、戮力建设原子弹.89 Walter Lippmann 李普曼The last man who could swing an election with a newspaper column.秋千上的人可以选同一家报纸专栏.90 Jonathan Edwards 乔纳森爱德华Forget the fire and brimstone: his subtle eloquence made him the country’s most influential theologian.忘记火硫磺:他的口才,使他微妙我国最有影响的神学家.91 Lyman Beecher 曼格尔Harriet Beecher Stowe’s clergyman father earned fame as an abolitionist and an evangelist.斯托的Harriet格尔的牧师父亲赢得知名度作为一个传道、废除死刑.92 John Steinbeck 斯坦贝克As the creator of Tom Joad, he chronicled Depression-era misery.由于汤姆joad缔造者,他时序抑郁时代苦难.93 Nat Turner 奈特?特纳He was the most successful rebel slave; his specter would stalk the white South fora century.他是最成功的反叛奴隶;他将秸秆白幽灵南一世纪.94 George Eastman 乔治伊士曼The founder of Kodak democratized photography with his handy rolls of film.柯达民主化与摄影的创始人,他就便卷底片.95 Sam Goldwyn 萨姆goldwynA producer for forty years, he was the first great Hollywood mogul.监制四十年,他第一个大好莱坞巨头.96 Ralph Nader 拉尔夫纳德He made the cars we drive safer; thirty years later, he made George W. Bush the president.他驾驶的轿车上比较安全;30年后,他把布什总统.97 Stephen Foster 斯蒂芬?福斯特America’s first great songwriter, he brought us “O!美国第一大作曲家,他给我们带来的"澳! Susanna” and “My Old Kentucky Home.”susanna"、"我的老肯塔基家."98 Booker T. Washington 布汤匙华盛顿As an educator and a champion of self-help, he tried to lead black America up from slavery.作为一个教育工作者,有冠军自助,他试图从美洲黑铅奴役.99 Richard Nixon 尼克松He broke the New Deal majority, and then broke his presidency on a scandal that still haunts America.他打破了新政席,然后在其总统丑闻爆发,美国仍然挥之不去.100 Herman Melville 赫尔曼梅尔维尔Moby Dick was a flop at the time, but Melville is remembered as the American Shakespeare.白鲸是掉落在当时,不过梅尔维尔是怀念这位美国莎士比亚.。