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高考英语大题满分专题练习:专题6 完形填空 (原卷版)

高考英语大题满分专题练习:专题6 完形填空 (原卷版)

专题6 完形填空(原卷版)距离高考还有一段时间,不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生,愈是临近高考,能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节,态度是否主动积极,安排是否科学合理,能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战,其效果往往大不一样。

以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料,希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率,希望对你有所帮助,有志者事竟成!养成良好的答题习惯,是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前,要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项,并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时,切忌跟着感觉走,最好按照题目序号来做,不会的或存在疑问的,要做好标记,要善于发现,找到题目的题眼所在,规范答题,书写工整;答题完毕时,要认真检查,查漏补缺,纠正错误。

总之,在最后的复习阶段,学生们不要加大练习量。

在这个时候,学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式,最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。

英语最后的复习要树立信心,考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”,遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。

越到最后,考生越要回归基础,单词最好再梳理一遍,这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。

另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。

[近3年考情分析][命题探究]真题再现(2022·全国·高考真题)My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.Some of our ___1___ are funny, especially from the early years when our children were little. Once, we ___2___ along Chalk Creek. I was ___3___ that our 15-month-old boy would fall into the creek (小溪). I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot. That lasted about ten minutes. He was ___4___, and his crying let the whole campground know it. So ___5___ tying him up, I just kept a close eye on him. It ___6___ —he didn’t end up in the creek. My three-year-old, however, did.Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky was clear when we ___7___, but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly ___8___ our peaceful morning trip. The ___9___ picked up and thunder rolled. My husband stopped fishing to ______10______ the motor. Nothing. He tried again. No ______11______. We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor. As we all sat there ______12______, a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and towed (拖) us back. We were ______13______.Now, every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage, we are filled with a sense of ______14______, wondering what camping fun and ______15______ we will experience next.1.A.ideas B.jokes C.memories D.discoveries 2.A.camped B.drove C.walked D.cycled3.A.annoyed B.surprised C.disappointed D.worried4.A.unhurt B.unfortunate C.uncomfortable D.unafraid5.A.due to B.instead of C.apart from D.as for6.A.worked B.happened C.mattered D.changed7.A.signed up B.calmed down C.checked out D.headed off 8.A.arranged B.interrupted C.completed D.recorded9.A.wind B.noise C.temperature D.speed10.A.find B.hide C.start D.fix11.A.luck B.answer C.wonder D.signal12.A.patiently B.tirelessly C.doubtfully D.helplessly13.A.sorry B.brave C.safe D.right14.A.relief B.duty C.pride D.excitement 15.A.failure B.adventure C.performance D.conflict(2022·全国·统考高考真题)Like many young people, Jessica wants to travel the globe. Unlike most of them, this25-year-old is doing it ___16___ . She and her husband have spent the last two years traveling the world, stopping everywhere from Paris to Singapore. It might sound like one long, expensive___17___ , but the couple has an unusual way to make their travel ___18___ .They’re part of a new form of the ___19___ economy: an online group of house sitters. Throughout their no-cost stays in ___20___ homes, they feed pets and water plants in the homeowner’s ___21___ .It’s not all sightseeing. The two travelers carefully ___22___ their trips, scheduling their days around the pets that are sometimes difficult to ___23___ . But house sitting also offers a level of ___24___ they can’t find in a hotel. “It’s like ____25____ at a friend’s house,” Jessica says.The couple has a high ____26____ rate in getting accepted as house sitters and they always go beyond the homeowner’s ____27____ . For Jessica, that means ____28____ plenty of pictures of happy pets, keeping the house ____29____ and leaving a nice small gift before heading to the next house. “You want to make the homeowner feel that they made the right ____30____ ,” she says.16.A.indoors B.online C.single-handed D.full-time17.A.game B.service C.vacation D.procedure18.A.safe B.busy C.helpful D.affordable19.A.local B.private C.sharing D.agricultural 20.A.strangers’B.parents’C.co-workers’D.neighbors’21.A.favor B.defense C.honor D.absence22.A.plan B.explain C.compare D.complete23.A.buy B.transport C.choose D.please24.A.support B.comfort C.control D.attention25.A.cooking B.staying C.waiting D.studying26.A.success B.survival C.growth D.unemployment 27.A.budget B.abilities C.expectations D.understanding 28.A.admiring B.donating C.sending D.borrowing29.A.clean B.open C.simple D.empty30.A.guess B.decision C.response D.impression(2023·浙江·高考真题)The sun was beginning to sink as I set off into the Harenna Forest. I was on my way to____31____ a unique honey harvest. Here, in south-east Ethiopia, hand-carved beehives(蜂箱)are placed in the ____32____. Reaching them to get the honey is difficult—and often ____33____ .I ____34____ beekeeper Ziyad over a wide stretch of grassland before entering a thick jungle. Ziyad began preparations. He ____35____ handfuls of damp tree leaves, wrapped them with string, and ____36____ the bunch to create a torch(火把). Then, with one end of a rope tied to his waist and the other end around the trunk of a tree, Ziyad began ____37____ . He stopped every few minutes to move the ____38____ higher up the tree trunk.____39____ , Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground. Sitting on a branch, he _____40_____ towards it and blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive. Suddenly, Ziyad let out a sharp cry. Within seconds, he’d _____41_____ the trunk and was back on the ground.It was too _____42_____ to collect the honey. A cool summer had delayed _____43_____ . Baby bees were still in the honeycombs(蜂巢). The adult bees were _____44_____ and keptattacking as Ziyad escaped from the tree. He had to wait for the right _____45_____ to go back up. 31.A.share B.collect C.celebrate D.witness 32.A.courtyards B.fields C.treetops D.caves33.A.urgent B.dangerous C.expensive D.pointless 34.A.searched B.recognised C.followed D.invited35.A.gathered B.cleaned C.dropped D.checked36.A.shook B.lit C.measured D.decorated37.A.jumping B.talking C.testing D.climbing38.A.hives B.leaves C.rope D.honey39.A.Finally B.Surprisingly C.Naturally D.Immediately 40.A.backed B.dived C.shouted D.inched41.A.cut off B.gone up C.slid down D.held onto42.A.high B.early C.fast D.close43.A.hatching B.training C.sowing D.trading44.A.curious B.hungry C.bored D.angry45.A.moment B.equipment C.person D.order(2021·全国·统考高考真题)Over the past 38 years, Mr. Wang has pretended to be someone else many times, and has even learned to ____46____ different dialects(方言),leading to him being described as an“Oscar-winning actor".The 60-year-old is not an actor, but a ____47____ However, he is more devoted to his“____48____ "than any real actor.In the 1990s, a group of thieves often sold stolen goods with the help of some beggars. To look into the ____49____,Wang disguised(伪装)himself and ____50____ the beggars. Dirty shorts and old shoes gave him the ____51____ of a real beggar and his convincing dialect soon won him the____52____ of the beggars.“I often ____53____ them to drink alcohol. Once they were ____54____,they began to talk a lot," Wang said. “I'd then ____55____ myself to use the toilet, ____56____ what the beggars said, and send the ____57____ to my teammates.”Wang,who is often in ____58____ situations,is also a judo (柔道)master. “As long as Iget close enough, no criminal can ____59____ from me," he said.Wang's ____60____ won him several honors, including a National May Day Labor Medal and 11 Citations of Merit. Paris.46.A.teach B.compare C.assess D.speak47.A.lawyer B.doctor C.policeman D.businessman48.A.role B.study C.family D.audience49.A.minor B.case C.future D.question 50.A.interviewed B.joined C.arrested D.assisted 51.A.challenge B.experience C.appearance D.freedom52.A.vote B.sympathy C.permission D.trust53.A.invited B.forced C.helped D.expected54.A.drunk B.deserted C.bored D.lost55.A.guide B.persuade C.excuse D.allow56.A.refer to B.note down C.ask about D.miss out57.A.plan B.agreement C.direction D.information 58.A.awkward B.dangerous C.unfortunate D.strange59.A.separate B.recover C.escape D.hear60.A.courage B.honesty C.kindness D.optimism(2021·全国·高考真题)My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school, when, for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory.My best friend Betsy’s father was a manager at Hough Bakeries, which, at Easter time,____61____ little bunny (兔子) cakes for all its ____62____throughout Cleveland. It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for ____63____ help during our spring break, for which I had no____64____ beyond listening to my favorite records. I’d ____65____ minimum wage. I’d see how a factory____66____. My parents thought all of this was a grand idea and called Betsy’s dad with their ____67____.Our____68____in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose.____69____ bunny from the belt. This was ______70______ than it sounds.______71______ a bit and the cakes pile up. As I told my parents at dinner that first night, itwas all a little more high-pressure than I’d ______72______ .Dad _____73_____. The son of a grocer, he’d spent the summers of hischildhood______74______ food in Benardsville, New Jersey. This was the sort of work that made you______75______ the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me. 61.A.sold B.ordered C.made D.reserved62.A.stores B.families C.schools D.citizens 63.A.generous B.financial C.technical D.temporary64.A.plans B.problems C.excuses D.hobbies65.A.offer B.earn C.set D.suggest66.A.worked B.closed C.developed D.survived 67.A.ambition B.permission C.experience D.invitation68.A.joys B.ideas C.roles D.choices69.A.Save B.Keep C.Stop D.Remove70.A.harder B.better C.longer D.cheaper71.A.Calm down B.Slow down C.Stay on D.Move on 72.A.indicated B.witnessed C.expected D.remembered73.A.cried B.smiled C.hesitated D.refused74.A.tasting B.finding C.sharing D.delivering 75.A.withdraw B.donate C.receive D.appreciate全国名校模拟预测(2022·河北衡水·校联考模拟预测)No one is born a winner. People make themselves into winners by their own efforts.I learned this lesson from a(n) ____76____ many years ago when I took the head ____77____ job at a school in Georgia.It was a tradition for the school’s old team to ____78____ the new team at the end of spring practice. The old team had no ____79____ and they even didn’t prepare for the game. Being the coach of the new team, I was excited because I knew we were going to win, but disappointedly, we were defeated. I cou ldn’t ____80____ I had got into such a situation. Thinking hard about it, I came to ____81____ that my team might not be the number one team, but they were ____82____ me. I had to change my attitude about their ability and potential.I started doing anything I could to help them build a little ____83____. Most importantly, I began to treat them like ____84____. That summer, when the other teams enjoyed their vacations, we met every day and practiced.Six months after suffering our defeat, we won our first game and our second, and continued to ____85____. Finally, we faced the number one team in the state. I felt it would be a ____86____ for us even if we lost the game. But my boys beat them, giving me one of the greatest ____87____ of my life!From the experience I learned a lot about how the attitude of the leader can ____88____ the team. Instead of seeing my boys as losers, I pushed and ____89____ them. I helped them to see themselves ____90____, and they built themselves into winners.Winners are made, not born.76.A.experiment B.experience C.adventure D.vacation 77.A.operating B.editing C.consulting D.coaching78.A.play against B.work with C.answer for D.stand for79.A.player B.coach C.supporter D.volunteer80.A.agree B.believe C.describe D.regret81.A.realize B.claim C.permit D.demand82.A.worrying about B.looking for C.depending on D.caring about 83.A.relationship B.culture C.fortune D.pride84.A.leaders B.partners C.winners D.learners85.A.relax B.improve C.expand D.defend86.A.shame B.burden C.victory D.favor87.A.chances B.thrills C.concerns D.offers88.A.impact B.serve C.interest D.surprise89.A.caught B.protected C.punished D.encouraged 90.A.honestly B.individually C.calmly D.differently(2023·全国·校联考模拟预测)Plenty of couples have been forced to change wedding plans this year because of the ongoing pandemic. That’s not something that Tyler and Melanie Tapajna were going to let get them___91___though. They managed to still tie the knot while also doing some good in the world —feeding the ___92___ at the reception.The couple was initially ___93___ to have 150 ___94___ at their wedding. However, such a big ceremony simply was ___95___ with everything going on in the world. So, they changed their plans and organized something ___96___ for just their friends and family. ___97___canceling 150 people’s worth of ___98___, they chose to do something special with it. So, they spoke with the nonprofit organization Laura’s Home about ___99___. Their request was ____100____, and plans were swiftly put in place for everything to ____101____ .After tying the knot in their private and friendly ceremony, the Tapajnas then went straight to Laura’s Home, put on a hairnet and gloves, and joined the work of serving the homeless. They didn’t even change their ____102____. It wasn’t the reception that the couple had ____103____, but in a way, it was better. They got to do some good in the world on what was the ____104____day of their lives.This pandemic may have forced the Tapanjas to change their wedding plans, but in doing so, it ended up ____105____ more people than they could have ever imagined.91.A.outside B.up C.down D.through92.A.old B.homeless C.disabled D.sick93.A.invited B.reminded C.supposed D.persuaded94.A.donors B.neighbors C.beggars D.guests95.A.impossible B.expensive C.amazing D.informal96.A.big B.close C.odd D.lively97.A.Rather than B.Regardless of C.Other than D.Along with98.A.money B.budget C.attention D.food99.A.sale B.donation C.purchase D.promotion 100.A.adjusted B.approved C.delayed D.proposed101.A.turn around B.take over C.go ahead D.hold back102.A.outfits B.schedules C.rings D.words103.A.doubted B.experienced C.missed D.planned 104.A.happiest B.luckiest C.most difficult D.most exhausting 105.A.sheltering B.welcoming C.rewarding D.benefiting(2023·重庆·统考模拟预测)My mother worked as a housekeeper. She was given many leftover things when clients____106____ their junk, including used toys as well as many other treats. My older sister and I always loved sharing the ____107____ books and board games that Mom brought home. We____108____ divided everything.One December day, an old-model toy car arrived in the load of goods. It was as long as my forearm and ____109____both hands to lift. My sister didn’t want it, so it was all min e. I immediately began brushing it clean and ____110____ it to a bright candy-apple red. It was a thing of beauty, and I glowed as much as it did from pride of ____111____.Our ____112____from France came to visit that Christmas, and my young French cousin fell in love with that wonderful, shiny red automobile. He’d been ____113____ so far in life, suffering severe, life-threatening illnesses as a child and hurting himself badly earlier in the year when he accidentally ____114____ and fell on the icy sidewalk.By now, everyone knew how I felt about the car, _____115_____ nobody dared suggest that I give it to him. But, deep down, I knew it was the _____116_____ thing to do. So, when they left, my red car went with him. Though I was upset to see it go, my heart _____117_____when I saw his beaming face as he tightly grasped it.I still think about that car and _____118_____ it to this day. But with that beloved recycled Christmas gift, I _____119_____ with my cousin for life.Years later, my cousin presented me with a replica (复制品)of the red toy car, a reminder of the joy of giving. He cherished the original gift and wanted to pass on the _____120_____ that it’s better to give than receive.106.A.put away B.sorted through C.burned up D.broke down 107.A.donated B.purchased C.recycled D.borrowed108.A.fairly B.surprisingly C.hardly D.unexpectedly 109.A.stretched B.took C.equaled D.had 110.A.transforming B.comparing C.adding D.polishing111.A.victory B.identity C.ownership D.invention 112.A.relatives B.masters C.colleagues D.customers113.A.tough B.unlucky C.consistent D.hopeless 114.A.sneezed B.skied C.stamped D.slipped115.A.but B.so C.or D.for116.A.bitter B.odd C.fun D.right117.A.sang B.sank C.beat D.failed118.A.own B.clean C.lend D.miss 119.A.sympathized B.lived C.bonded D.struggled 120.A.message B.objective C.statement D.resolution(2023·湖南岳阳·统考模拟预测)My brother and I were driving home together and became lost in a conversation. Due to lack of ____121____, my brother took a wrong turn.____122____, the wrong turn took us toward a bridge and we had no way to turn back. My brother had no choice but __123__ for crossing the bridge and drove on. He was clearly____124____ by the mistake and the needless waste of $4.We eventually reached a(n)____125____ and, as we took it, my brother noticed a car by the side of the road. A young guy was standing nearby, looking very ____126____. I was busy trying to figure out which way we went next but my brother ____127____ and asked if he needed any help. And he did. He had got a flat and needed a wrench(扳手)to get it off.My brother gave him a wrench, and then we ____128____ to help him change the flat. After we had finished the job he thanked us, because he really would have been ____129____ had we not come along. He pulled out $20 and __130__ to give it to us. “No,” my brother said. “We were____131____ supposed to get on that bridge, and we took a wrong turn. But now we know____132____ we did. It was to help you. Thank you for turning our mistake into an opportunity to ____133____.”What I loved most was watching my brother throughout this process. He was able to see a____134____ to help even in an otherwise ____135____ situation, which can only come from a calm mind and an open heart.121.A.passion B.curiosity C.support D.concentration 122.A.Unfortunately B.OccasionallyC.Apparently D.Generally123.A.pay B.account C.apply D.answer 124.A.embarrassed B.excited C.depressed D.surprised125.A.gas station B.exit C.parking lot D.garage126.A.guilty B.relaxed C.cautious D.anxious127.A.dropped by B.pulled over C.settled in D.took off128.A.hesitated B.neglected C.proceeded D.regretted129.A.shaken B.stuck C.buried D.dragged130.A.tried B.managed C.pretended D.happened131.A.still B.always C.never D.even132.A.what B.why C.when D.whether133.A.refuse B.learn C.experience D.serve134.A.course B.routine C.chance D.challenge 135.A.familiar B.dangerous C.thrilling D.negative(2023·福建福州·福建省福州高级中学校考模拟预测)Being good at something and having a passion for it are not enough. Success ____136____ fundamentally on our view of ourselves and of the ____137____in our lives.When twelve-year-old John Wilson walked into his chemistry class on a rainy day in 1931, he had no ____138____ of knowing that his life was to change completely. The class experiment that day was to ____139____ how heating a container of water would bring air bubbling (冒泡) to the surface. Somehow, the container the teacher gave Wilson to heat ____140____ held something more volatile (易挥发的) than water. When Wilson heated it, the container ____141____, leaving Wilson blinded in both eyes.When Wilson returned home from hospital two months later, his parents____142____ to find a way to deal with the catastrophe that had happened to their lives. But Wilson did not regard the accident as ____143____. He learned braille (盲文) quickly and continued his education at Worcester College for the Blind. There, he not only did well as a student but also became a(n)____144____ public speaker.Later, he worked in Africa, where many people suffered from ____145____ for lack of proper treatment. For him, it was one thing to ____146____ his own fate of being blind and quite another to allow something to continue when it could be fixed so easily. This moved him to action. And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see because of the commitment Wilson made to preventing the____147____.Wilson received several international ____148____ for his great contributions. He lost his sight but found a ____149____. He proved that it’s not what happens to us that ____150____ our lives—it’s what we make of what happens.136.A.depends B.holds C.keeps D.reflects137.A.dilemmas B.accidents C.events D.steps138.A.way B.hope C.plan D.measure139.A.direct B.show C.advocate D.declare 140.A.mistakenly B.casually C.amazingly D.clumsily 141.A.erupted B.exploded C.emptied D.exposed 142.A.deserved B.attempted C.cared D.agreed143.A.fantastic B.extraordinary C.impressive D.catastrophic 144.A.accomplished B.crucial C.specific D.innocent 145.A.deafness B.depression C.blindness D.speechlessness 146.A.decide B.abandon C.control D.accept 147.A.preventable B.potential C.spreadable D.influential 148.A.scholarships B.rewards C.awards D.bonuses149.A.fortune B.recipe C.dream D.vision 150.A.distinguishes B.determines C.claims D.limits高考质量提升是一项系统工程,涉及到多个方面、各个维度,关键是要抓住重点、以点带面、全面突破,收到事半功倍的效果。

2023年高考语文二轮复习专题训练专题06语病修改试题专训3含解析

2023年高考语文二轮复习专题训练专题06语病修改试题专训3含解析

专题04 2022高考新题型——语病修改试题解析宝鉴专训(3)时间:40分钟分值:45分得分:阅读下面的文字,完成下题。

近年来,从《国家宝藏》到《典籍里的中国》,从《上新了,故宫》到《书简阅中国》,我们已经看到很多类似的节目。

这些节目在尊重历史、尊重文化的基础上,用匠心去挖掘传统文化中的精华,围绕传播和弘扬优秀传统文化为己任,激励了观众内心对民族历史、传统文化的热爱,更推动中国文化不断走出去。

我们相信,根植于传统文化的厚积薄发,用创新的形式和匠心为传统文化赋能,我们一定能让中国五千年的文明更加熠熠生辉,让文化自信成为心底最基本、最持久的力量。

1.文中画横线的句子有语病,请进行修改,使语言表达准确流畅。

可少量增删词语,不得改变原意。

(3分)答案:【答案】以传播和弘扬优秀传统文化为己任,激发了观众内心对民族历史、传统文化的热爱,更推动中国文化不断走出去。

【解析】①句式杂糅。

“围绕……”“以……为……”两种句式,把“围绕”改为“以”。

②动宾搭配不当。

把“激励”改为“激发”。

阅读下面的文字,完成下题。

之所以蚊子在飞行过程中能避开障碍物的原因,主要是因为蚊子是利用翅膀、触角和气流的组合来进行导航的。

在飞行过程中,如果遇到障碍物,这些气流模式就会改变形状,并立刻被蚊子触角基部的一个感受器阵列检测到。

这使蚊子能够利用被研究人员称作“空气动力学成像”的技术建立起周围环境的图像,映射出地面和其他障碍物的位置,从而轻而易举地避开障碍物。

2.文中画横线的句子有语病,请进行修改,使语言表达准确流畅。

可少量增删词语,不得改变原意。

(3分)答案:【答案】蚊子之所以在飞行过程中能避开障碍物,主要是因为它利用翅膀、触角和气流的组合来进行导航。

【解析】①语义重复,“之所以”“的原因”保留一个。

②关联词语语序不当,前后两句主语相同,因此“蚊子”要放在句首。

③成分赘余。

前面已经有“是”表示强调了,后面“……是……的”应删去。

阅读下面的文字,完成下题。

高考政治二轮专题复习与测试专题突破训练(六)全面依法治国

高考政治二轮专题复习与测试专题突破训练(六)全面依法治国

专题突破训练(六) 全面依法治国一、选择题1.(2022·山东模拟预测)为贯彻习近平总书记视察山东时“围绕新时代创新社会治理”的重大嘱托,山东省委省政府多年来深入思考和谋划社会治理工作,坚持以党建引领推进自治法治德治“三治融合”的理念,完善了基层群众自治制度,探索实施“一村(社区)一法律顾问”活动,在基层社会治理中融入德治,增强自治和法治的道德底蕴。

下列对“三治融合”理念认识正确的是( )①坚持典型引路是“三治融合”的基础②坚持党的领导是“三治融合”的根本保证③坚持依法治国是“三治融合”的保障④坚持以德治国是“三治融合”的前提A.①③B.②③C.②④D.③④解析:在“三治融合”理念中,坚持自治是“三治融合”的基础,①错误;“三治融合”的理念,是指坚持以党建引领推进自治法治德治,其中,坚持党的领导是“三治融合”的根本保证,坚持依法治国是“三治融合”的保障,②③正确;坚持德治是“三治融合”的先导,④错误。

故本题选B。

答案:B2.(2022·全国模拟预测)2021年6月10日,《中华人民共和国数据安全法》已由第十三届全国人民代表大会常委会第二十九次会议通过,自2021年9月1日起施行。

这表明,数据作为一种新型的、独立的保护对象已经获得立法上的认可。

该法案为各级政府对相关的经济社会活动的服务和管理提供法律依据。

材料表明( )①全国人大常委会作为国家最高权力机关,行使最高立法权②是依法治国原则的体现,有助于政府依法行政更好履职③此法的实施确保了我国在数据使用方面获得了安全④这有助于推进我国国家治理安全方面体系和能力的现代化A.①③B.①④C.②③D.②④解析:全国人大作为国家最高权力机关,行使最高立法权,故①错误。

《中华人民共和国数据安全法》为各级政府对相关的经济社会活动的服务和管理提供法律依据,这是依法治国原则的体现,有助于政府依法行政更好履职,有助于推进我国国家治理安全方面体系和能力的现代化,故②④正确。

高考生物学模块考前抢分练:专题6+遗传的基本规律(选择题)

高考生物学模块考前抢分练:专题6+遗传的基本规律(选择题)

专题6 遗传的基本规律(选择题)——高考生物学模块考前抢分练【新高考版】一、单项选择题1.“母性效应”是指子代某一性状的表现型由母体的染色体基因型决定,而不受本身基因型的支配。

椎实螺是一种雌雄同体的软体动物,一般通过异体受精繁殖;但若单独饲养,也可以进行自体受精,其螺壳的旋转方向有左旋和右旋的区分,旋转方向符合“母性效应”,遗传过程如下图所示。

下列叙述正确的是( )A.与螺壳旋转方向有关基因的遗传不遵循分离定律B.螺壳表现为左旋的个体和表现为右旋的个体其基因型都是3种C.欲判断某左旋椎实螺的基因型,可用任意的右旋椎实螺作父本进行交配D.将图示中F2个体进行自交,其后代螺壳都将表现为右旋2.“牝鸡司晨”是我国古代人民发现的性反转现象,该现象中原先下过蛋的母鸡后来却变成公鸡,并能和母鸡交配。

发生性反转过程中,鸡的遗传物质不发生变化。

已知鸡的芦花基因(B)和非芦花基因(b)不在W染色体上,现以一只非芦花性反转公鸡与一只芦花母鸡作亲本杂交。

假定子代中WW不能存活,下列叙述错误的是( )A.性反转公鸡的出现说明生物的性状不仅仅是由基因决定的B.若B/b在Z染色体上,亲本公鸡和母鸡均不能发生基因B、b的分离现象C.若B/b在常染色体上,则子代公鸡中一定有非芦花性状D.若B/b在Z染色体上,则子代芦花公鸡:芦花母鸡:非芦花母鸡=1:1:13.遗传学家摩尔根,在野生型红眼果蝇中偶然发现了一只白眼雄果蝇,他用这只果蝇与野生型红眼果蝇进行杂交(实验Ⅰ),结果F1全部为红眼。

F1雌雄果蝇相互交配,F2雌果蝇全部为红眼,雄果蝇中红眼和白眼的比例为1:1这种现象不能用孟德尔的理论完全解释清楚,于是他继续做了下表所示的实验(Ⅱ、Ⅲ)。

与实验有关的叙述错误的是( ) 组别杂交组合结果ⅡF1红眼♀×白眼♂红眼♀:红眼♂:白眼♀:白眼♂=1:1:1:1Ⅲ野生型红眼♂×白眼♀(来自实验Ⅱ)红眼♀:白眼♂=1:1A.实验Ⅱ可视为实验Ⅰ的测交实验,其结果表明F1红眼雌果蝇为杂合子B.实验Ⅲ是实验Ⅰ的反交实验,正反交结果若相同可确定其基因位于X染色体上C.实验Ⅲ的结果表明野生型红眼果蝇一半的精子含有控制眼色的基因D.对实验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ最合理的解释是控制眼色的基因位于X染色体上4.种子是农业的“芯片”,科学家可以利用育种“芯片”对品种进行监测,有助于提高育种效率,设计培育出高产、优质的作物新品种。

专题6:名句默写(学生版)-十年(2011-2020)高考语文真题分项详解(全国通用)

专题6:名句默写(学生版)-十年(2011-2020)高考语文真题分项详解(全国通用)

2011年-2020年高考试题分项专题6:名句默写1.【2020年高考新课标Ⅰ卷】补写出下列句子中的空缺部分。

(1)《离骚》中“____________,____________”两句对古代服饰的“上衣下裳制”有所反映。

(2)元代戏剧家马致远的杂剧《青衫泪》根据白居易的诗《琵琶行》改编而成,剧名来自诗中的“____________,____________”两句。

(3)在《水调歌头(明月几时有)》中,苏轼自言想要重返天上,但又有所顾虑,原因在于“____________,____________”。

2.【2020年高考新课标Ⅱ卷】补写出下列句子中的空缺部分。

(1)《荀子·劝学》中举例说,笔直的木材如果“___________”,就会弯曲到符合圆规的标准;即使再经暴晒也不会挺直,因为“___________”。

(2)欧阳修《醉翁亭记》中称出游时的食物都可来自山间,肥美的鱼从溪水中捕捞出,所谓“___________,___________”;而用泉水酿制的美酒,口味甘洌。

(3)苏轼在《赤壁赋》中发议论说,江水不停地流去,“___________”;月亮时圆时缺,“___________”。

3.【2020年高考新课标Ⅲ卷】补写出下列句子中的空缺部分。

(1)在《论语·述而》中孔子指出,即使吃粗劣的食物,枕着胳膊睡觉,也可以乐在其中;而“______________,________________”。

(2)白居易《观刈麦》中“______________,________________”两句,写劳动者珍惜夏日时光,不顾劳累,也忘记了炎热。

(3)《阿房宫赋》中以一连串的排比夸张表现阿房宫的奢华,如写架起房梁的椽子“______________”,嘈杂的音乐声“______________”。

4.【2019年高考新课标Ⅰ卷】补写出下列句子中的空缺部分。

(1)《庄子·逍遥游》中的斥鴳无法理解大鹏,称自己腾跃起飞,“______,______”,也就是飞行的极致了。

高中英语 高考冲刺语法专题6:非谓语动词-ing(教师版)

高中英语 高考冲刺语法专题6:非谓语动词-ing(教师版)
答案:BA
解题方法:先看选项,AC是谓语BD是非谓语
第二个题目是并列句,所以前后是两个句子,and之前的句子缺的就是谓语动词,又由had决定了是过去时,所以用was
第一道题目,前后两部分之间用逗号分开,所以不是并列句,所以前一部分是后一部分的状语,也就不是句子,所以选非谓语,用being
2.The girl ______ in a red coat is Mary.
观察下列从reading中选取的句子,注意分析V-ing形式作的句子成分。
1.Since then,finding waysto grow more rice has been his life goal.
2.However, he doesn’t care aboutbeing famous.
3.He enjoyslistening to violin music, playing mahjong, swimming and reading.
suggest建议resist抵制dislike不喜欢fancy设想;想象
2.接动名词作宾语的短语:
put off推迟insist on坚持feel like想要depend /rely on依靠
object to反对lead to导致succeed in成功做……be worth值得
devote...to...献身于…… look forward to期盼owing to归因于give up放弃
4.Justdreamingfor things, however, costs nothing.
自我总结:1,4划线部分作主语; 2,3划线部分作宾语;
概述:动词-ing形式具有名词性质,可在句中担任主语,宾语,表语,定语,宾补和状语,但不能单独作谓语。

2023年河北省高考数学二轮复习专题 专题6 导数解答题30题专项提分计划(含答案)

2023年河北省高考数学二轮复习专题 专题6 导数解答题30题专项提分计划(含答案)

2023届河北省新高考数学复习 专题6 导数解答题30题专项提分计划1.(2022·河北·模拟预测)已知函数()()2e 2xm f x x m =+∈R . (1)若存在0x >,使得()0f x <成立,求m 的取值范围;(2)若函数()()2e e x F x xf x =+-有三个不同的零点,求m 的取值范围.2.(2022·河北石家庄·石家庄二中校考模拟预测)已知函数f x x ax bx =-++.(1)当0,1a b ==时,证明:当()1,x ∈+∞时,()ln f x x <;(2)若2b a =,函数()f x 在区间()1,2上存在极大值,求a 的取值范围.3.(2022·河北沧州·统考二模)已知函数(),R f x a x=∈. (1)求()f x 的单调区间;(2)证明:()e xxf x a -+>-.0a 、a<0讨论可得)()11f =得1x ,不等式1x--,利用的单调性可得答案,定义域为()1,f x x '=0a 时,)f x '单调递增;a<0时,)0,a --时,()0,f x 单调递减;)+∞时,f 综上,当0a 时,f 时,()f x 的单调递减区间为)知,当a =-)()11f =,1x +, ln x x a x-=,所以不等式等价于ln x e 1x-+-,则在0x >时恒成立,0时,(g x 1x ,所以1e x x x x ---+故ln e 0x x x -+>,即()e xxf x a -+>-.【点睛】本题关键点是讨论导数的正负判断函数的单调性,以及转化求出函数的最值证明不等式,考查了学生分析问题、解决问题能力.4.(2022·河北邯郸·统考模拟预测)设函数()()3ln 1f x x x =++(1)求曲线()y f x =在()0,0处的切线方程; (2)证明:当n *∈N 且2n 时,()3121ln 1827n n n-+>++⋅⋅⋅+. 20x ,再换元,令)显然,(x ∈-()(00f '-=(3ln x x ++13x 0x 时,0g x,(g x ()()00g x g =,即当0x 时,()32ln 10x x x ++-1x n =,得21ln 10⎛> ⎝ ()31ln 1ln n n -+->由此可得,ln 20-= 1ln 2>-2n ,其中,a b ∈(1)若1a =,曲线()y f x =在2x =处的切线与直线210x y ++=平行,求()f x 的极值; (2)当1,1b a =≤-时,证明:2()e x f x x-≥. 1b ,进而得a +,由于函数1b ,111xx x--=的变化情况如下表,(2)解:当1,1b a =≤-,()ln f x x x a =++, 因为222()e ee ln ln e ex x x x f x x x x x a x a x --≥⇔≥++⇔≥+,所以只需证明2e ln e exx x x a ≥+成立即可.令e ,0x y x x >=,则()'1e 0,0xy x x =+>>,所以,函数e ,0x y x x >=在()0,∞+上单调递增,即e 0x y x =>. 令e ,0xx t t =>,则22e ln e ln e ex x x tx a t a ≥+⇔≥+,令()2ln ,0e t t g t a t -->=,则()2'2211e e et t t t g --==, 所以,当()20,e t ∈时,()'0g t <,()g t 单调递减,当()2e ,t ∈+∞时,()'0g t >,()g t 单调递增,所以,()()22e 1ln e1a a g g t ≥=--=--,因为1a ≤-,所以10a --≥,即()0g t ≥, 所以2ln e tt a ≥+成立, 所以2()e xf x x-≥成立,证毕. 6.(2022·河北保定·统考二模)已知函数()1e ln ln ln xf x x x a a -=--+.(1)若1a =,证明:()1f x ≥.(2)当[)1,x ∞∈+时,()1f x ≥恒成立,求a 的取值范围.7.(2022·河北秦皇岛·统考二模)已知函数()2si cos n 2f x x x a x x =-++. (1)当1a =-时,求曲线()y f x =在点()()0,0f 处的切线方程; (2)若函数()f x 在3π0,4⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦上单调递减,求a 的取值范围.0,1,cos00=,处的切线的斜率为(0)k f '=0,1处的切线的斜率切线方程为10+=.8.(2022·河北·模拟预测)已知函数()1e xf x a=-+,0a ≠. (1)当1a =时,①求曲线()y f x =在0x =处的切线方程; ②求证:()f x 在(0,)+∞上有唯一极大值点; (2)若()f x 没有零点,求a 的取值范围.0(2)()e e x x ax af x a--=+,令()e x h x a ax =+-,则()e xh x a '=-.①若a<0,则()0h x '>,()h x 在R 上是增函数.因为11e 10a h a a ⎛⎫⎛⎫=-+< ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭,()1 e > 0h =,所以()h x 恰有一个零点0x . 令0e 0x a +=,得0ln()x a =-.代入0()0h x =,得()ln 0a a a a -+--=, 解得1a =-.所以当1a =-时,()h x 的唯一零点为0,此时()f x 无零点,符合题意. ②若0a >,此时()f x 的定义域为R .当ln x a <时,()0h x '<,()h x 在区间(,ln )a -∞上是减函数; 当ln x a >时,()0h x '>,()h x 在区间(ln ,+)a ∞上是增函数. 所以min ()(ln )2ln h x h a a a a ==-. 又()010h a =+>,由题意,当2ln 0a a a ->,即20e a <<时,()f x 无零点,符合题意. 综上,a 的取值范围是{}()210,e -⋃.【点睛】导数的应用主要有:(1)利用导函数几何意义求切线方程;(2)利用导数研究原函数的单调性,求极值(最值); (3)利用导数求参数的取值范围.9.(2022·河北沧州·沧县中学校考模拟预测)已知函数()e ln =-xx f x a a.(1)当1a =时,求曲线()y f x =在点(1,(1))f 处的切线方程;(2)若对任意的,()0x ∈+∞,总有()0f x ≥成立,试求正数a 的最小值.10.(2022·河北·模拟预测)已知函数()e x f x ax =-,R a ∈. (1)求()f x 的极值;(2)令()()sin 1F x f x ax x bx =++--,当12b <时,讨论()F x 零点的个数.【答案】(1)当0a ≤时,()f x 无极值;当0a >时,()f x 有极小值()1ln a a -,无极大值 (2)2个零点【分析】(1)根据题意,求出函数的导函数,对导函数的正负进行分类讨论即可求解; (2)先对函数()F x 求导,令()()g x F x '=,对x 的取值范围分类讨论,利用导数的正负求出()F x 的单调性,由零点存在性定力判断零点个数即可.【详解】(1)()f x 的定义域为R ,且()e x f x a '=-.①当0a ≤时,()0f x '≥恒成立,()f x 在R 上单调递增,无极值, ②当0a >时,令0fx,得ln x a >;令()0f x '<,得ln x a <,所以()f x 在(),ln a ∞-上单调递减;在()ln ,a ∞+上单调递增;()f x 在ln x a =处取极小值()()ln 1ln f a a a =-,无极大值.综上所知,当0a ≤时,()f x 无极值;当0a >时,()f x 有极小值()1ln a a -,无极大值.(2)因为()()e sin 1xF x x bx x R =+--∈,所以()e cos x F x x b =+-', 令()()e cos x g x F x x b '==+-,则()e sin xg x x '=-.①当x π≤-时,由12b ≤<,得bx b ππ-≥≥,所以()e sin 1110xF x x ππ≥++->-->故()F x 在(],∞π--上无零点.②当[)0,x ∈+∞时,()e sin 1sin 0xg x x x ≥-'=-≥,()F x '在[)0,∞+上单调递增;()()020F x F b ≥=-'>',()F x 在[)0,∞+上单调递增,()()00F x F ≥=,()F x ∴在[)0,∞+上有唯一零点0x =,③当(),0x π∈-时,()sin 0,e sin 0xx g x x <=->',()F x '∴在(),0π-上单调递增,()()020,e 10F b F b ππ-=->-=--'<',∴存在(),0t π∈-,使()0F t '=,当(),x t π∈-时,()F x 单调递减; 当(),0x t ∈时,()F x 单调递增;又()()()e 10,00F b F t F πππ--=+-><=;()F x ∴在(),t π-上有唯一零点,在(),0t 上无零点,即()F x 在(),0π-上有1个零点. 综上,当12b ≤<时,函数()F x 有2个零点.11.(2022·河北衡水·衡水市第二中学校考一模)已知函数()()[]πsin ,0,πf x x x x =-∈ (1)求()f x 在()0,0处的切线方程;(2)若()f x a =在定义域上有两解12,x x ,求证: ①2a <;②12ππa x x a -≤--.12.(2023·河北石家庄·统考模拟预测)已知函数1ef x ax=+.f x+>;(1)当1a=时,求证:()10f x≤恒成立,求a的取值范围.(2)当a<0时,不等式()1【答案】(1)证明见解析(2){}1-0fx,∴f )211e 2=->-,即)由已知得()(1f x a '=++0f x,解得1,1a ⎫-∞--⎪⎭上单调递增,(1e a -⎛⎫=-13.(2022·河北邯郸·统考二模)已知函数()ln ex x f x a x =-,0a ≠.(1)若1ea =,分析f (x )的单调性;(2)若f(x)在区间(1,e)上有零点,求实数a的取值范围.14.(2022·河北唐山·统考三模)已知函数2()ln f x ax x x =--. (1)当1a =时,求()f x 的单调区间;(2)若函数()f x 在定义域内有两个不相等的零点12,x x . ①求实数a 的取值范围;②证明:()()12122ln +>-+f x x x x .15.(2022·河北·统考模拟预测)已知()(2)e f x x ax =--为R 上的增函数.(1)求a ;(2)证明:若122x x +>,则()()121f x f x +>-.16.(2022·河北唐山·统考二模)已知函数()3f x x =+,()sin g x b x =,曲线()y f x =和()y g x =在原点处有相同的切线l .(1)求b 的值以及l 的方程;(2)判断函数()()()h x f x g x =-在()0,∞+上零点的个数,并说明理由.【点睛】本题考查导数几何意义、函数的零点、用导数研究函数的单调性以及零点存在性定理,知识考查较为综合,对学生是一个挑战,属于难题.17.(2022·河北·校联考模拟预测)已知函数()()1eln f x ax =-,()()0ag x a x=>. (1)求函数()()()F x f x g x =-在()0,∞+上的极值;(2)当1a =时,若直线l 既是曲线()y f x =又是曲线()y g x =的切线,试判断l 的条数. )()0,+∞的根的个数,令的根的个数.)1eln x =-变化时,(F x 所以当e a x =时,()F x 取得极大值,12e ln e F a ⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭,无极小值. (2)()1eln f x x =-,()e f x x '=-,()1g x x =,()21g x x '=-所以曲线()y f x =在点(),1eln t t -处的切线方程为,即()()e1eln y t x t t--=--,即eeln e 1y x t t=--++.同理可得曲线在点1,b b ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭处的切线方程为()211y x b b b -=--,即212y x b b =-+.若曲线()y f x =与曲线()y g x =有公切线,则()2e 1,(i)2e ln e 1,ii t b t b ⎧-=-⎪⎪⎨⎪-++=⎪⎩,由(i )得2e t b =,代入(ii )得22eln 10b b+-=,所以问题转化为判断关于b 的方程22eln 10b b+-=在()(),00,∞-+∞的根的个数.因0b ≠,当0b >时,令()()22eln 10h x x x x =+->,即()222e 22e 2x h x x x x -'=-=, 令()0h x '=,得1e x =.所以当10,e ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭x 时,()0h x '<,()h x 单调递减;当1,e x ⎛⎫∈+∞ ⎪⎝⎭时,()0h x '>,()h x 单调递增;所以()max 110e h x h ⎛⎫==-< ⎪⎝⎭.因为()()2214e 2e 12e e 210,110e h h ⎛⎫=-+-=-->=> ⎪⎝⎭,所以()21110,10e e e h h h h ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⋅<⋅< ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭,所以函数()()22eln 10h x x x x =+->在()0,∞+上有两个零点,即22eln 10b b+-=在()0,∞+上有两个不相等的正实数根; 当0b <时,令()()22eln 1k x x x =-+-,则()22e 2k x x x'=-,显然(),0x ∈-∞时,()0k x '<,则()k x 在(),0∞-上单调递减, 因为()()2e 2e 10,130ek k -=-->-=-<,所以()()22eln 1k x x x =-+-在(),0∞-上有唯一一个零点,即方程()22eln 10b b-+-=在(),0∞-上有唯一一个负实数根.所以曲线()y f x =与曲线()y g x =的公切线l 有3条.【点睛】本题考查利用导数研究含参数的极值,导数的几何意义,利用导数研究函数的零点个数等,考查运算求解能力,分类讨论思想,是难题.本题第二问解题的关键在于分别求出曲线()(),f x g x 在某点处的切线方程,进而根据公切线将问题转化为求解函数2()2eln 1(0)h x x x x=+->的零点个数,再利用导数研究函数的零点即可.18.(2022·河北沧州·统考模拟预测)已知函数()1ln 1xf x x x-=+. (1)求()f x 的单调区间;(2)当()()()1212f x f x x x =≠时,证明:122x x +>.0fx;当x ∈f x 的单调递增区间为,单调递减区间为(2)由(1)知:若)x ≠,则0x <要证x x +101x <<又()f x 在()1f x =19.(2022·河北衡水·河北衡水中学校考一模)已知函数. (1)证明:当()0,x π∈时,()0f x >;(2)记函数()()g x f x x =-,判断()g x 在区间()2,2ππ-上零点的个数. ,f x 在(1-,()sin g π=①当x ⎛∈ ⎝()h x ∴在上单调递减,00h xh ,又cos x -即()g x 在sin cos x x x +,()2cos g x '''=上单调递减,又102g π⎛⎫''=> ⎪⎝⎭,(g π''()0g x '>()'∴g x 在当2x π⎛∈ ⎝()g x ∴在()1g x g >③当(x ∈()g x ∴<综上所述:()g x -=()g x ∴在()g x ∴在【点睛】思路点睛;导函数的形式,区间内的单调性,结合零点存在定理确定零点个数.20.(2022·河北邯郸·统考一模)已知函数()()22e 1ln 22x f x a x a x =+--+.(1)讨论()f x 的单调性; (2)若()0f x ≥,求a 的取值范围.21.(2022·河北石家庄·统考模拟预测)已知函数()()()()2e 1x f x x a x a =-+-∈R . (1)若12a =-,求()f x 的极值;(2)当a<0时,证明:()f x 不存在两个零点.0fx,(f x 0<,()f x 在时取极大值()0f =-0fx,(f x 0,结合上述单调性可知,0fx,(f x()f x 的极大值为()()()()()(){}22ln 2ln 222ln 21ln 2210f a a a a a a a ⎡⎤⎡⎤-=--⋅-+--=--⎡⎤⎣⎦⎣⎦+⎦<⎣, 结合上述单调性可知,()f x 不存在两个零点. 所以当a<0时,()f x 不存在两个零点.22.(2023·河北衡水·衡水市第二中学校考模拟预测)已知函数()ln ,11ln ,01xx x af x x x x a⎧-≥⎪⎪=⎨⎪+<<⎪⎩,其中1a >(1)求()f x 的单调区间(2)求方程()()1e ln xf f x a -=+的零点个数.0f x,[)1,+∞0,()0,1是单调23.(2022·河北石家庄·石家庄二中校考模拟预测)已知函数()()3e 3xf x x a x x =--,0a >.(1)讨论函数()f x 极值点的个数;(2)设0m >,若1a =且()))e 2ln 1xf m fx x ≥--对任意的()0,x ∈+∞恒成立,求m 的取值范围.0fx ;f x 在上单调递增,f x 有且仅有一个极值点②当(ln3g (11,ln3x ∴∃∈)()12,x x 时,)()2,x +∞时,0fx;f x 在)1,(1,x x ()2,x +∞上单调递增, f x 有、1x x =和综上所述:当2e 3a <≤时,有且仅有一个极值点;当2e 3a >(2)ln ex =令12t x =-令()2h t =∴当ln t ⎡∈⎢()()()()3e ln3,ln 203ex x a x f x a g x f x a x +=+-=++≠+.(1)当1a =时,求()g x 的单调性; (2)若()f x 恒大于0,求a 的取值范围.25.(2023·河北衡水·河北衡水中学校考模拟预测)已知函数()()ln 0f x a x x x x=++>. (1)若()f x 有唯一零点,设满足条件的a 值为1a 与2a ()12a a ≠证明:①1a 与2a ()12a a ≠互为相反数;②15843a >>; (2)设()()g x xf x =.若()g x 存在两个不同的极值点1x 、2x ,证明12x x a +>-. 参考数据:ln20.7≈,ln3 1.1≈ 0fx,上为增函数,)()1,+∞有且只有两个零点,且它们互为倒数,0001x x x ++)()1,+∞有且只有两个零点26.(2022·河北秦皇岛·统考三模)已知定义在[)0,∞+上的函数()e sin ,e 6xf x m x π⎛⎫=-- ⎪⎝⎭为自然对数的底数.(1)当1m =时,证明:()32f x ≥; (2)若()f x 在20,3π⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭上存在极值,求实数m 的取值范围;(3)在(1)的条件下,若()2cos 16f x x tx π⎛⎫+--≥ ⎪⎝⎭'恒成立,求实数t 的取值范围.27.(2022·河北张家口·统考三模)已知函数()()()2ln 222g x a x a x x a =--+∈R 在1x =处取得极值.(1)求a 的值及函数()g x 的极值;(2)设()()f x g x t =-有三个不同的零点1x ,2x ,3x ()123x x x <<,证明:314x x <+.由()1知()()()3226g x g x g x =<-,且()g x 在()3,+∞上单调递增, ∴236x x ->②,∴结合①②得1362x x +>+,所以314x x <+.【点睛】该试题主要考查函数的导数与单调性、函数的导数与不等式等,主要考查了学生的运算思想、转化思想、构造思想和抽象推理,其中构造出()()()2H x g x g x =--()0,1x ∈和函数()()()6h x g x g x =--()1,3x ∈是解题的关键,属于难题. 28.(2022·河北·统考模拟预测)已知函数(1)ln (),()|ln |1x xf xg x x x -==+.(1)若()()(1,1)f m g n m n =>>,证明:m n >;(2)设函数()(1)ln (1)F x x x a x =--+,若()0F x =有两个不同的实数根12,x x ,且12x x <,证明:221e ax x >⋅.又2222(1)ln ()ln e ln e =(e )1a a a x x f x a g x -====+,即22()=(e )(1,e 1)a a f x g x >>,由(1)可得2e a x >⋅⋅⋅①,又由1()f x a =得1111111111(1)ln (1)ln 1()()ln e ln e =(e )111a a a x x x x f f x a g x x x --======++,即1111()=(e )(1,e 1)a a f g x x >>,由(1)可得11e a x >⋅⋅⋅②,①②相乘可得221e a x x >,即221e a x x >⋅. 【点睛】函数零点的求解与判断方法:(1)直接求零点:令f (x )=0,如果能求出解,则有几个解就有几个零点.(2)零点存在性定理:利用定理不仅要函数在区间[a ,b ]上是连续不断的曲线,且f (a )·f (b )<0,还必须结合函数的图象与性质(如单调性、奇偶性)才能确定函数有多少个零点.(3)利用图象交点的个数:将函数变形为两个函数的差,画两个函数的图象,看其交点的横坐标有几个不同的值,就有几个不同的零点. 29.(2022·河北衡水·统考二模)已知函数()()f x a x=∈R . (1)当1a =时,求函数()f x 的极值;(2)若曲线()y f x x =-有1x ,()212x x x <两个零点. (i )求a 的取值范围;(ii )证明:存在一组m ,n (0n m >>),使得()f x 的定义域和值域均为[],m n . 【答案】(1)极大值为1,无极小值 (2)(i )ln 2122a >+;(ii )证明见解析【分析】(1)求出导函数,求出的根,列表确定的正负,()f x 的单调性与极值;(2)(i )转化为2ln 0x x a -+=有两解,设()2ln g x x x a =-+,利用导数确定()g x 的单调性与极值,最大值大于0,确定有小于0的函数值(需引入新函数,再利用导数确定单调性得f x 的极大值为11f =,无极小值;(2)(i )解:由题意可知,ln 0x ax x+-=有两解,即2ln 0x x a -+=有两解,设()2ln g x x x a =-+,则,令,解得x =(,列表可知,()max ln 2122g x g a ==--+⎝⎭, 因为()g x 有两个零点,所以()max 0g x >,解得ln 2122a >+, 当0e a x -<<时,有ln 0x a +<,可得()ln 0g x x a <+<,令()21ln 2x x x ϕ=-,有,01x <<时,()0x ϕ'>.1x >时,()0x ϕ'<,可得函数()x ϕ的减区间为()1,+∞,增区间为()0,1,有()()1102x ϕϕ=-<≤,可得21ln 02x x -<,当x >时,()2221111ln 202222g x x x a x a x a a ⎛⎫⎛⎫=-+-<-<-⨯= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭.所以存在1x <,2x >,使得()()120g x g x ==,所以ln 2122a >+; (ii )证明:因为()21ln a xf x x--'=,令,解得1e a x -=, 列表可知,()f x 在()10,e a -上单调递增,在()1e ,a -+∞上单调递减,①若1e a m n -<≤,则()f x 在[,]m n 上单调递增,因此()f m m =,()f n n =,由上可知取1mx ,2n x =,此时()()1222e 1e 0a a g g x --=-≤=,ln 21122a +<≤,所以当ln 21122a +<≤时,存在一组m ,n 符合题意;②若1e a m n -≤<,则()f x 在[],m n 上单调递减,所以()ln m af m n m+==,()ln n af n m n+==, 所以ln ln m a n a mn +=+=,即m n =,不符题意;③若1e a m n -<<, ()f x 在)1,e a m -⎡⎣上单调递增,在()1e ,a -+∞上单调递减, 所以()()11max 1e eaaf x f n --===,由111e ea a-->得1a >,又因为()()11e 21e a af n a m --=->>,所以()()min f x f m m ==,即1mx ,11ean -=,所以当1a >时,存在一组m ,n 符合题意;综上,存在一组m ,n 符合题意.【点睛】本题考查用导数求函数的极值,研究方程的根与函数零点分布,研究函数的值域.难点有两个:第一个是由零点个数确定参数范围时,零点的存在性一般与零点存在定理结合,因此需要在某个区间的两个端点处函数值符号相反才能得出,本题中需要引入新函数,由函数的性质得出,第二个是确定函数值域问题,需对参数进行分类,一定要注意分类标准的确定,需要有统一标准,本题是按区间[,]m n 与函数的最大值点的关系分类,然后求出对应参数a 的取值范围,它们正好相适应,从而得出结论.本题对学生的逻辑能力,运算求解能力,分析问题解决问题的能力要求较高,属于困难题.30.(2022·河北·石家庄二中校联考模拟预测)已知函数()()e ln 0mx f x x x x m =+-≥.(1)当m =1时,求f (x )在[1,e]上的值域;(2)设函数f (x )的导函数为()'f x ,讨论()'f x 零点的个数.所以()'e ln e ln 0mx x f x m x x =-≥->,()'f x 没有零点.当01m <<时:令()()()'e ln 0mxg x f x m x x ==->,()()'23211e ,e 0mx mx g x m g x m x x'=-=+>',所以()'g x 在()0,∞+上递增,由2e mx y m =与1y x=的图象可知,在区间()0,∞+上,存在唯一0x ,使0201e mx m x =①, 即()0'2001e 0mx g x m x =-=.所以()g x 在区间()()()'00,,0,x g x g x <递减;在区间()()()'0,,0,x g x g x +∞>递增, 所以当0x x =时,()f x 取得极小值也即是最小值()000e ln mxg x m x =-,由①得0201emx m x =,所以()0001ln g x x mx =-;。

高考语文复习专题六 小说情节简答训练

高考语文复习专题六  小说情节简答训练
• 张副县长乐呵呵地走了。店里的伙计好奇地问“糖醋张”,你咋就知道他爱吃啥呢?
• 你没看出他是个当官的人?当官的平时大肉大鱼吃腻了,他们就好这口“素”的。“糖 醋张”有板有眼地说。
• 一帮在机关上班的年轻人就是不信“糖醋张”的神奇传说。下了班,男男女女挤进“糖 醋张”铺子,几个男的坐一桌,几个女的坐一桌,两桌都点了个中档价位,好奇地坐等 上菜。几分钟的工夫,主菜就上了桌,男的那桌是糖醋排骨和糖醋茄子,女的那桌是糖 醋鱼和糖醋梨,还分别配了几碟爽口的小吃。只见几个小伙子尝了一口糖醋排骨,红亮 油润,肥而不腻,爽口开胃;只见几个小姑娘尝了一口糖醋鱼,香酥酸甜,落口逍遥, 回味无穷。
• 新来的张副县长就是不信“糖醋张”的神奇传说。张副县长下了班,挤进了 “糖醋张” 铺子,他点了个高档价位,好奇地坐等上菜。几分钟的工夫,主菜就上了桌,糖醋茄子 糖醋梨,还配了几碟爽口的小吃。张副县长迫不及待地尝了一口糖醋茄子,外脆里嫩, 酸酸甜甜,味蕾全开;张副县长迫不及待地尝了一口糖醋梨子,酒香扑鼻,沁人心脾, 胃口大开。
• 张爱国的爹病死得早,娘一把屎一把尿地拉扯他长大。张爱国打小就讨厌读书,翻开课 本头皮就发麻,逃学便成了他的家常便饭,娘也拿他没辙。
• 娘有一手好厨艺,糖醋排骨糖醋鱼,糖醋豆腐糖醋薯,糖醋茄子糖醋梨,那可是十里八 乡第一厨。
• 娘的心里打着盘算,老话说得好,饿不死的厨子,冻不死的铁匠,咱就将这门手艺传给 儿子吧,也算是替他寻了一条谋生的路。说来也巧,张爱国读书没兴趣,学厨子可是上 心得很。他做起糖醋菜来,一点就通,一学就会。
• “糖醋张”在铺子里替他娘摆了一桌糖醋全席,糖醋排骨糖醋鱼,糖醋豆腐糖醋薯, 糖醋茄子糖醋梨……
• 铺子里,客人们的桌面上都是光盘行动,唯独老娘的那桌没动过筷子。

高考语文二轮专题训练:古诗文默写

高考语文二轮专题训练:古诗文默写

专题训练6 古诗文默写1.补写出下列句子中的空缺部分。

(1)古诗文中出现的植物常和文人的志趣有关。

归有光“_________________ _________”使得“旧时栏楯,亦遂增胜”;陶渊明的隐居环境虽“三径就荒”,但“_________________”。

(2)古诗文中常用侧面烘托的手法描写动人的音乐,如《李凭箜篌引》中的“______________________”和《赤壁赋》中的“______________________”,都是通过蛟龙起舞的画面来表现的。

(3)古人常以“赋诗”来抒发情怀、表现形象。

如陶渊明在《归去来兮辞》中以“___________________”表达自己清雅的人生追求,苏轼在《赤壁赋》中以“___________________”刻画曹操文武兼备的英雄形象。

2.补写出下列句子中的空缺部分。

(1)父母是我们的港湾,《屈原列传》中写人在悲痛中会呼唤父母的句子是“_______________,___________________”。

(2)李白的《蜀道难》中,“___________________”用夸张手法极言山峰之高,山峰座座相连,耸入云霄;而“___________________”则写出了瀑布飞泻、争相喧闹的场景。

(3)江水、河水的流逝有时会引发人们的思绪,这在古代名篇中也屡见不鲜,如“___________________,___________________”。

3.补写出下列句子中的空缺部分。

(1)韩愈在《师说》中写到古之圣人才智超出一般人很远,“______________ ___________”;今之众人才智低于圣人很多,“____________________”。

这就造成了两种截然不同的结果。

(2)白居易在《琵琶行》中以“__________________,__________________”两句描写昔日琵琶女在演奏后,受到京都豪富子弟竞相追捧的场景。

2010-2023历年高考二轮复习训练:专题6形容词与副词英语试卷(带解析)

2010-2023历年高考二轮复习训练:专题6形容词与副词英语试卷(带解析)

2010-2023历年高考二轮复习训练:专题6形容词与副词英语试卷(带解析)第1卷一.参考题库(共25题)1.It amazed me—every time I saw Joe,he was smiling.It didn’t ____ whether he had to stop at a stop light,or if he were the seventh person in ____ at the bank,and the service stopped just before he got there.Joe ___ smiled.It made me wonder why he seemed so ____ every day.Having observed Joe with other people,I ____ something else also.Joe asked people how they were doing,and really seemed to listen to their ____.If someone were hurting,he had __7__ for him and kind words,and offered to ____ in any way he could.It made me think...What if I tried to smile more?A(n) ____ of sorts began when I went to the grocery store.I smiled as I went up and down the aisles...and people I didn’t even ___ smiled back at me.Some even ____!The little kid in the cart(购物车) who was giving his mother a ____ time saw me smile and ____ talking...and,you guessed it.He made a shy little attempt at a smile.The man in the handicapped(残疾的) cart ____ a person to reach something...I could get that for him.The smile even transferred over to him,and he ____me.As I drove home,I was smiling.I ____ what I had just learned,and when someone passed me and gave me a(n) ____,I smiled at him.He looked puzzled.Now I know a smile is a small thing,but what if we were all to try to smile a few more times each day?I couldn’t believe how ___ I felt.Nothing in my life had changed,____ maybe it had.For what I learned was that such a small thing could ____ not only my spirits,but those around me as well.【小题1】A.workB.happenC.matterD.last【小题2】A.order B.debt C.hand D.line【小题3】A.always B.eventually C.immediately D.still【小题4】A.naughty B.happy C.active D.humourous【小题5】A.decided B.judged C.noticed D.considered【小题6】A.answers B.complaints C.excuses D.comments 【小题7】A.guidance B.respect C.sympathy D.protection【小题8】A.perform B.attempt C.bother D.help【小题9】A.experiment B.life C.project D.program【小题10】.A.meet B.touch C.know D.contact【小题11】A.glared B.greeted C.approached D.escaped【小题12】A.spare B.long C.hard D.great【小题13】A.stopped B.tried C.kept D.enjoyed【小题14】A.persuaded B.accepted C.supported D.needed【小题15】A.thanked B.changed C.encouraged D.invited【小题16】A.worried about B.thought about C.talked overD.looked over【小题17】A.gestureB.addressC.callD.ticket【小题18】A.normalB.greatC.reasonableD.complicated【小题19】A.soB.forC.butD.till【小题20】A.releaseB.admireC.displayD.lift2.—What’s wrong?—Nothing serious.I’m just ________ busy.A.muchB.moreC.too muchD.far too3.Tony can hardly boil an egg,still________cook dinner. (2013·新课标全国Ⅰ,25)A.lessB.littleC.muchD.more4.—Could you ________ take care of my cat while I’m away?—Sure.Leave it to me,please.A.perhapsB.possiblyC.maybeD.probably5.—How about your trip to Hainan?—It couldn’t have been ________.Sometimes I went swimming in the sea;sometimes I lay on the sand.A.so wellB.as badC.betterD.worse6.A society cannot be successful if it throws tradition away,but it cannot be successful ________ if we do something to stop progress. (2013·福建,35) A.eitherB.neitherC.tooD.also7.This ________ girl is Linda’s cousin.A.pretty little SpanishB.Spanish little prettyC.Spanish pretty littleD.little pretty Spanish8.—I’m leaving on April 30.—So why not come to spend ________ days with me?A.all these last fewB.these all last fewC.these last all fewD.all last these few9.When you study the local map,you’ll find this town is ________.A.twice the size of that oneB.twice as a large town as thatC.twice as larger as that oneD.twice as larger a town as that10.You will go to college some day and college is one of the most exciting stages of one’s life.If you wish to make the most of your campus(校园) experience and become a better person after those four years,then first you ought to make friends.Close friends contribute to your selfgrowth for they provide you with moral support that is so important to survive the stressful college life.Friends can lend a helping hand whennecessary like collecting your homework when you’re too sick to leave yourdorm,and help you develop the right attitude by pointing out to you your weaknesses. Being home most of your life and then suddenly finding yourself on your own in a large campus without your parents to hold your hand can be annoying.However,rather than thinking about your missing home too much,why not see this new stage in your life as an opportunity for selfgrowth and develop the right attitude that will prepare you for the rigors of postgraduation life,particularly when you join the workforce? Specialinterest clubs or organizations are great for selfgrowth.Here,not only do you get the opportunity to meet with likeminded people,you can also discover more things about your field of interest.Club meetings usually include lively discussions,so go there with the right attitude.You should try to build a good name in the organization by being respectful,active and considerate to others.You might not like all of your professors,but they are there to provide knowledge you need to be successful in your chosen field.Thus,show up for each class with the right attitude and determination to learn.Whether you get along well with your professors or not has a huge effect on your selfgrowth as it is a measure of how well you can respect authority and obey requirements.Actively participating in a class debate(辩论) or lecture contributes to your selfgrowth as it helps you build confidence in speaking up and improves your communication skills.It also helps you develop the right attitude by exercising diplomacy(外交术) when you choose your words carefully especially when discussing a very politically sensitive issue and exercising patience when dealing with classmates who shoot down your ideas.【小题1】In the writer’s opinion,how can college students develop a positive attitude?A.By joining specialinterest clubs.B.By focusing on their studies.C.By taking up parttime jobs.D.By making friends with others.【小题2】According to the text,college students should do many things EXCEPT ________.A.forget the familyB.be respectful at club meetingsC.try to attend each classD.take an active part in a class debate【小题3】We can learn from the text that ________.A.college life is very interestingB.friendship can help college students avoid stressC.students should choose words carefully at any occasionD.it is important to have a good teacherstudent relationship【小题4】The purpose of the text is to ________.A.introduce how to show yourself in collegeB.tell college students how to socialize with othersC.give college students some advice on selfgrowthD.explain the importance of fouryear college life11.Everything seemed to be going ________for the first two days after I moved to New York. (2013·辽宁,27)A.vividlyB.generallyC.frequentlyD.smoothly12.There are plenty of jobs ________ in the western part of the country. A.presentB.availableC.preciousD.convenient13.I have worked with him for some time and have found that he is ________ than Jim. A.more efficiently a workerB.a more efficient workerC.more an efficient workerD.a worker more efficient14.About a year ago,if you had asked who Dinara Safina was,the answer would have been,“She is Marat Safin’s younger sister.” She was overshadowed by her wonder brother.But now she has made a name for herself:the world No.1 player in women’s tennis.The 22yearold Russian overtook Serena Williams of the US for top ranking on April 20.“Before,every place I go,I am Marat’s sister.Nothing else,”she told New York Times.“I always wanted to be myself,and now finally the results come,and people can know me as Dinara Safina.”Safina has made it to two great event finals,in the 2008 French and in the 2009 Australian Open,and won a silver medal in the Beijing Olympic Games.Clearly,family isn’t the only connection Safina and her brother share.Their DNA burns with competitive fire.Safin has held the distinction for years of being a hottempered player on court.When he lost his temper,he would smash a racket(球拍).Safina is as emotionally explosive as her brother.A headline in the newspaper The Australian once described her as “mad as a snake”.The Sydney Morning Herald,during the Australian Open,summed up Safina’s volatile (不稳定的) emotional state with the headline—Safina goes from basket case to top of the world. It’s not rare for a family to have two top tennis players.Safina’s father owns a tennis academy and her mother w orked as a coach.“I had no choice but to become a tennis player,but I don’t mind being a tennis player,” Safina said.From this talented family she is also given one of her best weapons on court,her size.She is 1.82 meters tall and weighs 70kg.But it is hard work that led her to her recent success.“I hope to prove to everyone over the coming months that I deserve the honor of being world No.1,”she said.【小题1】What is the passage mainly about?A.How Safina came first in women’s tennis.B.How the parents taught Safina to play tennis.C.How her brother helped Safina play tennis.D.How Safina beat her brother in playing tennis.【小题2】Which one of the following doesn’t contribute to Safina’s success? A.Her hard work and strong competitiveness.B.Her emotional explosion and volatile emotional state.C.The fact that she is 1.82 meters tall and weighs 70kg.D.The fact that her parents are both good tennis players.【小题3】Which of the following statements is TRUE?A.Serena Williams was topped by Safina on ranking list on April 20.B.Dinara Safina was always very confident and eager to succeed.C.Safina was eager to become a tennis player when she was a child.D.Marat Safin won the two finals,in the 2008 French and in the 2009 Australian Open.【小题4】What can we infer from the headline “Safina goes from basket case to top of the world”?A.Safina wanted to top the world in tennis when she was a baby in a basket. B.After she won the Australian Open,Dinara Safina cried.C.Too nervous at first,Safina finally gained confidence and won.D.Safina learnt from the basket case and finally came top of the world.15.The Summer Palace is really beautiful.In fact,I doubt whether China has________ park.A.a more beautifulB.a most beautifulC.the most beautifulD.a beautiful16.Let’s go to give the stranger a hand.________he’s got into some trouble. A.OccasionallyB.ObviouslyC.SuddenlyD.Surprisingly17.Being organized is an important skill for school and life.When you’re well organized,you can stay focused,instead of spending time hunting things down and getting sidetracked.What does it mean to be organized?For schoolwork,it means having one notebook or place where you store all your assignments,so you know what you have to do and when.Keeping clearly labeled binders or folders for handouts andkeeping all your schoolwork neat and in a specific place—these are the main parts of organization.For home stuff,being organized means having a place to put your things and putting them back as you go.It means hanging your coat up instead of dropping it on the floor or throwing it on a chair.It means keeping your schoolbag,your shoes,and your clean underwear in the same places so you always know where to find them.Planning is part of being organized,too.Planning means deciding what you will do and when you will do it.Calendars,lists,and schedules can help you plan.You can buy or draw a calendar and keep it near your workplace.Making a schedule or a “todo” list for yourself is a good idea.Looking at your list helps you keep track of what you need to do.Add new things as you get assignments,and check off things when you’ve done e your list to help you decide which thing is the most important to work on first.It takes some extra efforts to organize yourself and your stuff.But once yo u’re organized,you feel great.The less time you spend hunting around for things or panicking about homework,the more time you have for better things,like reading a good book or playing.【小题1】According to the first paragraph,“being organized” probably means“________”.A.looking for something with others here and thereB.doing something according to the plan made ahead of timeC.getting together every now and thenD.telling you what you have to do every day【小题2】If you are well organized at home,you will________.A.leave all the things as they areB.hang your coat on a chairC.know where your clean underwear isD.ask your mom where your shoes are【小题3】Which one of the following is the right order of being organized? a.Deciding what you have to do and when.b.Finding a notebook where you can write down your “todo” list.c.Getting rid of the things that have been done in the list.d.Making a “todo” list for yourself.A.b,a,d,cB.a,d,c,bC.c,b,a,dD.d,c,b,a【小题4】What may be the best title for this passage?A.Planning Is Part of Being OrganizedB.A Good Beginning Is Half DoneC.Being Organized—an Important SkillD.Where There Is a Will There Is a Way18.It’s said that the power plant is now________large as what itwas. (2013·安徽,33)A.twice asB.as twiceC.twice muchD.much twice19.It may not be a great suggestion.But before________is put forward,we’ll make do with it. (2013·新课标全国Ⅱ,9)A.a good oneB.a better oneC.the best oneD.a best one20.Don’t defend him any more.It’s obvious that he________destroyed the fence of the garden even without apology. (2013·湖北,29) A.accidentallyB.carelesslyC.deliberatelyD.clumsily21.—I didn’t do well in this English examination.How about you?—I did ________ you.A.not better thanB.no worse thanC.as well asD.no better than22.I can’t say thank you ________ much.I couldn’t have succeeded without your help. A.tooB.quiteC.thatD.very23.People complain that decisions to approve or deny a permit are often________rather than based on fixed criteria. (2013·湖北,27) A.appropriateB.consciousC.arbitraryD.controversial24.Did you get a flu shot this year?For the first time,the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the US is recommending that all children aged from 6 months to 18 years receive the fluvaccine.Vaccines battle diseases caused by bacteria and viruses.A weakened form of the germ (病菌) is introduced into the body.The body makes special substances called antibodies (抗体) to fight the germs.If the actual germs were to attack,the antibodies would fight.Because there are many kinds of flu viruses,scientists must create a new vaccine formula (处方) each year.Researchers must make a prediction.It is like forecasting the weather.Sometimes they are right on,and sometimes they are off.But even when the vaccine does not closely match circulating flu types,it can make the illness less serious.“The flu vaccine is not as effective as the polio (小儿麻痹症) vaccine or the measles vaccine,” says Dr.William Schaffner of Vanderbilt University School of Medicine.“It’s not a great vaccine,but it is in fact quite a good vaccine.”But a flu vaccine doesn’t work for everyone.T here are certain people who should be careful about taking it,because the vaccine is produced in eggs.Those who are allergic (过敏的) to eggs should not take it.If you have a fever,you should wait until you recover.Some people are afraid that they might get the flu from the flu shot.Scientists say that it is not possible,because the viruses in the flu shot are inactivated.But some minor side effects such as lowgrade fever and body ache could occur.If they do,they begin soon after the shot and usually last only one to two days.Did you know?Smallpox was the first disease people tried to prevent by putting a virus into a healthy person.In 1796,English scientist Edward Jenner placed some infected material under a boy’s skin.【小题1】The underlined word “vaccine” (in Para.1) refers to________.A.virus used for fighting against diseaseB.antibody to fight the germsC.formula to fight against diseaseD.germ to be injected into the body【小题2】By saying “It’s not a great vaccine,but it is in fact quite a good vaccine.” (in Para.4),William Schaffner means the flu vaccine________.A.is as effective as the polio and the measles vaccinesB.is worse,compared with the polio and the measles vaccinesC.does help to make illness less seriousD.is quite good because it works for everyone【小题3】We can infer from the passage that________.A.those who are not allergic to eggs can take the flu vaccineB.not all the flu vaccines are effective for everyoneC.you should go to a doctor if you have a fever after taking the flu vaccineD.it is possible that some people might get the flu from the flu shot【小题4】When people take the flu vaccine,________.A.they’ll be allergic to eggsB.their bodies will ache for 5 daysC.they probably have a low feverD.they won’t catch a flu ever after25.Interest is as________to learning as the ability to understand,even moreso.(2012·安徽,23)A.vitalB.availableC.specificD.similar第1卷参考答案一.参考题库1.参考答案:【小题1】C【小题2】D【小题3】A【小题4】B【小题5】C【小题6】A【小题7】C【小题8】D【小题9】A【小题10】C【小题11】B【小题12】C【小题13】A【小题14】D【小题15】A【小题16】B【小题17】A【小题18】B【小题19】C【小题20】D【小题1】 C解析根据首句“Joe微笑面对一切”可知,即使发生对他不利的情况他也感觉无关紧要。

专题6 立体几何(文科)解答题30题 教师版--高考数学专题训练

专题6 立体几何(文科)解答题30题 教师版--高考数学专题训练

专题6立体几何(文科)解答题30题1.(贵州省贵阳市2023届高三上学期8月摸底考试数学(文)试题)如图,在直三棱柱111ABC A B C -中,1CA CB ==,90BCA ∠=︒,12AA =,M ,N 分别是11A B ,1A A 的中点.(1)求证:1BN C M ⊥;(2)求三棱锥1B BCN -的体积.2.(广西普通高中2023届高三摸底考试数学(文)试题)如图,多面体ABCDEF中,∠=︒,FA⊥平面ABCD,//ED FA,且22 ABCD是菱形,60ABC===.AB FA ED(1)求证:平面BDE⊥平面FAC;(2)求多面体ABCDEF的体积.))如图所示,取中点G ,连接3.(江西省五市九校协作体2023届高三第一次联考数学(文)试题)如图多面体ABCDEF 中,四边形ABCD 是菱形,60ABC ∠=︒,EA ⊥平面ABCD ,//EA BF ,22AB AE BF ===.(1)证明:平面EAC ⊥平面EFC ;(2)求点B 到平面CEF 的距离.(2)设B 到平面CEF 的距离为因为EA ⊥平面ABCD ,AC 因为//EA BF ,EA ⊥平面ABCD 且BC ⊂平面ABCD ,所以BF 因为60ABC ∠=︒,2AB =4.(新疆乌鲁木齐地区2023届高三第一次质量监测数学(文)试题)如图,在四棱锥P ABCD -中,PA ⊥平面ABCD ,AD CD ⊥,AD BC ∥,且2PA AD CD ===,3BC =,E 是PD 的中点,点F 在PC 上,且2PF FC =.(1)证明:DF ∥平面PAB ;(2)求三棱锥P AEF -的体积.(2)作FG PD ⊥交PD 于点G 因为PA ⊥面ABCD ,所以PA 又AD CD ⊥,PA 与AD 交于点所以CD ⊥面PAD ,CD PD ⊥又FG PD ⊥,所以//FG CD ,所以所以PF FG PC CD =,得43FG =,因为E 为PD 中点,所以P AEF D AEF F ADE V V V ---===5.(新疆阿克苏地区柯坪湖州国庆中学2021-2022学年高二上学期期末数学试题)如图所示,已知AB ⊥平面BCD ,M ,N 分别是AC ,AD 的中点,BC CD ⊥.(1)求证://MN 平面BCD ;(2)求证:CD BM ⊥;【答案】(1)证明见解析;(2)证明见解析.【分析】1)根据中位线定理,可得//MN CD ,即可由线面平行的判定定理证明//MN 平面BCD ;(2)由已知推导出AB CD ⊥,再由CD BC ⊥,得CD ⊥平面ABC ,由此能证明CD BM ⊥;【详解】(1)M ,N 分别是AC ,AD 的中点,//MN CD ∴,MN ⊂/ 平面BCD ,且CD ⊂平面BCD ,//MN ∴平面BCD ;(2)AB ⊥Q 平面BCD ,M ,N 分别是AC ,AD 的中点,AB CD ∴⊥,BC CD ⊥ ,,AB BC B AB BC =⊂ ,平面ABC ,CD \^平面ABC ,BM ⊂ 平面ABC ,CD BM ∴⊥.6.(内蒙古乌兰浩特第一中学2022届高三全真模拟文科数学试题)如图在梯形中,//BC AD ,22AB AD BC ===,23ABC π∠=,E 为AD 中点,以BE 为折痕将ABE 折起,使点A 到达点P 的位置,连接,PD PC ,(1)证明:平面PED ⊥平面BCDE ;(2)当2PC =时,求点D 到平面PEB 的距离.因为PE PD =,F 为ED 因为平面PED ⊥平面BCDE 因为21122PF ⎛⎫=-= ⎪⎝⎭设D 到平面PEB 的距离为7.(山西省运城市2022届高三5月考前适应性测试数学(文)试题(A 卷))如图,四棱柱1111ABCD A B C D -中,底面ABCD 为平行四边形,侧面11ADD A 为矩形,22AB AD ==,160D DB ∠=︒,1BD AA =(1)证明:平面ABCD ⊥平面11BDD B ;(2)求三棱锥11D BCB -的体积.8.(黑龙江省八校2021-2022学年高三上学期期末联合考试数学(文)试题)已知直三棱柱111ABC A B C -中,AC BC =,点D 是AB 的中点.(1)求证:1BC ∥平面1C AD ;(2)若底面ABC 边长为2的正三角形,1BB =11B A DC -的体积.【答案】(1)证明见解析(2)1【分析】(1)连接1AC 交1AC 于点E ,连接DE ,由三角形中位线定理,得1DE BC ∥,进而由线面平行的判定定理即可证得结论;(2)利用等体积转化1111B A DC C A B D V V --=,依题意,高为CD ,再求底面11A B D 的面积,进而求三棱锥的体积.【详解】(1)连接1AC 交1AC 于点E ,连接DE∵四边形11AAC C 是矩形,∴E 为1AC 的中点,又∵D 是AB 的中点,∴1DE BC ∥,又∵DE ⊂平面1C AD ,1BC ⊄平面1C AD ,∴1BC ∥面1C AD .(2)∵AC BC =,D 是AB 的中点,∴AB CD ⊥,9.(青海省西宁市2022届高三二模数学(文)试题)如图,V是圆锥的顶点,O是底面圆心,AB是底面圆的一条直径,且点C是弧AB的中点,点D是AC的中点,2AB=,VA=.2(1)求圆锥的表面积;又D 是AC 的中点,所以OD AC ⊥,又VO OD O ⋂=,VO ⊂平面VOD ,OD ⊂平面VOD所以AC ⊥平面VOD ,又AC ⊂平面VAC ,所以平面VAC ⊥平面VOD .10.(河南省郑州市2023届高三第一次质量预测文科数学试题)如图,在四棱锥P ABCD -中,PA ⊥底面ABCD ,AD ⊥AB ,AB DC ,2AD DC AP ===,1AB =,点E 为棱PC 的中点.(1)证明:平面PBC ⊥平面PCD ;(2)求四棱锥E ABCD -的体积;又点E 为棱PC 的中点,BE 由勾股定理得2AC AD =+∵△PAC 为直角三角形,E 111.(江西省部分学校2023届高三上学期1月联考数学(文)试题)如图,在正三棱柱111ABC A B C -中,12AA AB ==,D ,E 分别是棱BC ,1BB 的中点.(1)证明:平面1AC D ⊥平面1ACE .(2)求点1C 到平面1ACE 的距离.(2)连接1EC .因为1AA 由正三棱柱的性质可知因为ABC 是边长为2的等边三角形,所以故三棱锥11A CC E -的体积以15A E CE ==,1A E 则1ACE △的面积212S =12.(广西玉林、贵港、贺州市2023届高三联合调研考试(一模)数学(文)试题)在三棱锥-P ABC 中,底面ABC 是边长为2的等边三角形,点P 在底面ABC 上的射影为棱BC 的中点O ,且PB 与底面ABC 所成角为π3,点M 为线段PO 上一动点.(1)证明:BC AM ⊥;(2)若12PM MO =,求点M 到平面PAB 的距离.AO BC ∴⊥,点P 在底面ABC 上的投影为点PO ∴⊥平面ABC , PO BC ∴⊥,13.(广西南宁市第二中学2023届高三上学期第一次综合质检数学(文)试题)如图,D ,O 是圆柱底面的圆心,ABC 是底面圆的内接正三角形,AE 为圆柱的一条母线,P 为DO 的中点,Q 为AE 的中点,(1)若90APC ∠=︒,证明:DQ ⊥平面PBC ;(2)设2DO =,圆柱的侧面积为8π,求点B 到平面PAC 的距离.∴//,AQ PD AQ PD =,∴四边形AQDP 为平行四边形,∴//DQ PA .又∵P 在DO 上,而OD ∴O 为P 在ABC 内的投影,且ABC 是圆内接正三角形∴三棱锥-P ABC 为正三棱锥∴PAB PAC PBC △≌△≌△∴APB APC BPC ∠=∠=∠即,PA PC PA PB ⊥⊥.∵PC PB P = ,,PB PC14.(江西省吉安市2023届高三上学期1月期末质量检测数学(文)试题)如图,在四棱锥P -ABCD 中,AB CD ,12AD CD BC PA PC AB =====,BC PA ⊥.(1)证明:平面PBC ⊥平面PAC ;(2)若PB =D 到平面PBC 的距离.又BC PA ⊥,PA AC A = 所以BC ⊥平面PAC ,又BC (2)因为BC ⊥平面PAC ,由22PB =,BC PC =,得15.(江西省部分学校2023届高三下学期一轮复习验收考试(2月联考)数学(文)试题)如图,在长方体1111ABCD A B C D -中,1AB AD ==,1AA =E 在棱1DD 上,且1AE A D ⊥.(1)证明:1AE A C ⊥;(2)求三棱锥1E ACD -的体积.【答案】(1)证明见解析;)在平面11ADD A 中,由AE ⊥1AD DE AA AD =,所以12112A DE S DE AD =⋅= 16.(新疆兵团地州学校2023届高三一轮期中调研考试数学(文)试题)如图1,在等腰梯形ABCD 中,M ,N ,F 分别是AD ,AE ,BE 的中点,4AE BE BC CD ====,将ADE V 沿着DE 折起,使得点A 与点P 重合,平面PDE ⊥平面BCDE ,如图2.(1)证明:PC∥平面MNF.(2)求点C到平面MNF的距离.17.(宁夏银川市第一中学2023届高三上学期第四次月考数学(文)试题)如图1,在直角梯形ABCD 中,,90,5,2,3AB DC BAD AB AD DC ∠==== ∥,点E 在CD 上,且2DE =,将ADE V 沿AE 折起,使得平面ADE ⊥平面ABCE (如图2).(1)求点B 到平面ADE 的距离;(2)在线段BD 上是否存在点P ,使得CP 平面ADE ?若存在,求三棱锥-P ABC 的体积;若不存在,请说明理由..18.(陕西省汉中市2023届高三上学期教学质量第一次检测文科数学试题)如图,多面体ABCDEF 中,四边形ABCD 为菱形,60,ABC FA ∠=⊥ 平面,ABCD FA ED ∥,且22AB FA ED ===.(1)求证:BD FC ⊥;(2)求点A 到平面FBD 的距离.19.(内蒙古赤峰市2022届高三下学期5月模拟考试数学(文科)试题)如图,在四棱锥P ABCD -中,底面ABCD 是菱形,60PAB PAD BAD ∠=∠=∠= .(1)证明:BD ⊥平面PAC ;(2)若23AB PA ==,,求四棱锥P ABCD -的体积.解:如图,记AC 与BD 的交点为因为底面ABCD 为菱形,故又60PAB PAD BAD ∠=∠=∠=又PO AC O = ,故BD ⊥平面(2)解:因为2,3,AB PA ==∠20.(内蒙古2023届高三仿真模拟考试文科数学试题)如图,在四棱锥P ABCD -中,四边形ABCD 是直角梯形,AD AB ⊥,//AB CD ,22PB CD AB AD ===,PD =,PC DE ⊥,E 是棱PB 的中点.(1)证明:PD ⊥平面ABCD ;(2)若F 是棱AB 的中点,2AB =,求点C 到平面DEF 的距离.,AB AD=AB AD⊥,2BD∴=为棱PB中点,DE PBE∴⊥,又∴⊥平面PBC,又BC⊂平面DE在直角梯形ABCD中,取CD中点 ,DM AB=2CD AB∴=,又DM ∴四边形ABMD为正方形,BM∴∴===,又BC BM AD AB222BD DE⊂平面PBD ,,=BD DE D21.(山西省晋中市2022届高三下学期5月模拟数学(文)试题)如图,在三棱锥-P ABC中,PAB 为等腰直角三角形,112PA PB AC ===,PC ,平面PAB ⊥平面ABC .(1)求证:PA BC ⊥;(2)求三棱锥-P ABC 的体积.∴OP AB ⊥,22OP =,AB =又∵平面PAB ⊥平面ABC ,平面∴OP ⊥平面ABC .22.(山西省太原市2022届高三下学期三模文科数学试题)已知三角形PAD 是边长为2的正三角形,现将菱形ABCD 沿AD 折叠,所成二面角P AD B --的大小为120°,此时恰有PC AD ⊥.(1)求BD 的长;(2)求三棱锥-P ABC 的体积.∵PAD 是正三角形,∴PM AD ⊥,又∴,PC AD PC PM P⊥=I ∴AD ⊥平面PMC ,∴AD MC ⊥,故ACD 为等腰三角形23.(陕西省联盟学校2023届高三下学期第一次大联考文科数学试题)如图,在四棱锥P ABCD -中,底面ABCD 是长方形,22AD CD PD ===,PA 二面角P AD C--为120︒,点E 为线段PC 的中点,点F 在线段AB 上,且12AF =.(1)平面PCD ⊥平面ABCD ;(2)求棱锥C DEF -的高.824.(陕西省榆林市2023届高三上学期一模文科数学试题)如图,在四棱锥P ABCD -中,平面PAD ⊥底面,,60,ABCD AB CD DAB PA PD ∠=⊥ ∥,且2,22PA PD AB CD ====.(1)证明:AD PB ⊥;(2)求点A 到平面PBC 的距离.(2)因为AB CD ,所以∠2222BC BD CD BD CD =+-⋅由222BD BC CD =+,得BC 25.(陕西省宝鸡教育联盟2022-2023学年高三下学期教学质量检测(五)文科数学试题)如图,在三棱柱111ABC A B C -中,平面11ABB A ⊥平面ABC ,四边形11ABB A 是边长为2的菱形,ABC 为等边三角形,160A AB ∠=︒,E 为BC 的中点,D 为1CC 的中点,P为线段AC上的动点.AB平面PDE,请确定点P在线段AC上的位置;(1)若1//-的体积.(2)若点P为AC的中点,求三棱锥C PDE(2)解:如图,取AB 的中点∵四边形11ABB A 为边长为2∴12A B =,1AA B 为等边三角形,26.(山西省运城市2022届高三上学期期末数学(文)试题)如图,在四棱锥P -ABCD中,底面ABCD 是平行四边形,2APB π∠=,3ABC π∠=,PB =,24PA AD PC ===,点M 是AB 的中点,点N 是线段BC 上的动点.(1)证明:CM⊥平面PAB;(2)若点N到平面PCM BNBC的值.27.(2020届河南省许昌济源平顶山高三第二次质量检测文科数学试题)如图,四棱锥P ABCD -中,//AB CD ,33AB CD ==,2PA PD BC ===,90ABC ∠=︒,且PB PC =.(1)求证:平面PAD ⊥平面ABCD ;(2)求点D 到平面PBC 的距离.因为//AB CD ,33AB CD ==,所以四边形ABCD 为梯形,又M 、E 为AD 、BC 的中点,所以ME 为梯形的中位线,28.(青海省海东市2022-2023学年高三上学期12月第一次模拟数学(文)试题)如图,在直三棱柱111ABC A B C -中,ABC 是等边三角形,14AB AA ==,D 是棱AB 的中点.(1)证明:平面1ACD ⊥平面11ABB A .(2)求点1B 到平面1A CD 的距离.由题意可得11A B D △的面积因为ABC 是边长为4的等边三角形,且29.(河南省十所名校2022-2023学年高三阶段性测试(四)文科数学试题)如图,在四棱锥P —ABCD 中,PC BC ⊥,PA PB =,APC BPC ∠=∠.(1)证明:PC AD ⊥;(2)若AB CD,PD AD ⊥,PC =,且点C 到平面PAB AD 的长.∵PA PB =,APC BPC ∠=∠∴90PCA PCB ∠=∠=︒,即∵PC BC ⊥,AC BC = ∴PC ⊥平面ABCD ,又∵PA PB =,E 为AB 中点∴PE AB ⊥,由(1)知AC BC =,E 为∵PE CE E = ,,PE CE 30.(河南省部分重点中学2022-2023学年高三下学期2月开学联考文科数学试题)如图,在直三棱柱111ABC A B C -中,5AB AC ==,16BB BC ==,D ,E 分别是1AA 和1B C 的中点.(1)求证:平面BED ⊥平面11BCC B ;(2)求三棱锥E BCD -的体积.。

生物高考二轮专题强化训练:专题6 个体生命活动的调节

生物高考二轮专题强化训练:专题6 个体生命活动的调节

生物高考二轮专题强化训练专题6 个体生命活动的调节微专题1内环境稳态与免疫调节1.(2022·江苏南京、盐城二模,8)内环境稳态是维持机体正常生命活动的必要条件。

下列相关叙述正确的是()A.正常情况下,抗体、氨基酸、糖原均会出现在内环境中B.细胞内高Na+或细胞外高K+都有利于神经细胞产生兴奋C.如果饮食中长期缺乏蛋白质,血浆渗透压会下降D.葡萄糖在内环境中彻底氧化分解,为生命活动提供能量答案 C解析糖原存在细胞中,不属于内环境的成分,A错误;动作电位由Na+内流形成,细胞外高Na+有利于神经细胞产生兴奋,B错误;血浆的渗透压主要来源于蛋白质和无机盐,如果饮食中长期缺乏蛋白质,血浆中蛋白质含量下降,渗透压会下降,C正确;葡萄糖的氧化分解发生在细胞内,不属于内环境,D错误。

2.(2022·江苏海门期末)登革热是由病毒引起的一种传染病,如图所示为人体对抗登革热病毒的部分过程。

下列相关叙述错误的是()A.抗原呈递细胞特异性识别该病毒B.登革热病毒表面可能存在多种抗原C.物质甲还可能促进其他细胞分裂分化D.抗体Ⅰ与病毒结合可能导致组织水肿答案 A解析抗原呈递细胞能识别该病毒,但不能特异性识别,A错误;登革热病毒感染会使人体产生不同的抗体,说明登革热病毒表面存在多种不同的抗原,B正确;物质甲为细胞因子,B细胞受到抗原刺激后,在细胞因子的作用下,会增殖分化为浆细胞,C正确;分析题图可知,抗体Ⅰ与病毒结合形成复合物导致血管通透性增大,血浆蛋白外渗而引起组织水肿,D正确。

3.(多选)(2022·江苏南通第一次质检)癌症是当前严重危害人类健康的重大疾病。

研究人员利用与癌细胞在某些方面具有相似性的诱导多能干细胞(iPSC)进行了抗肿瘤的免疫学研究。

研究人员进行的系列实验如下:免疫组小鼠:每周注射1次含失去增殖活性的iPSC悬液,连续4周;空白组小鼠:每周注射1次不含失去增殖活性的iPSC的缓冲液,连续4周。

专题六 全面依法治国 专题训练-2022届高考政治二轮复习统编版必修三政治与法治(解析版)

专题六 全面依法治国 专题训练-2022届高考政治二轮复习统编版必修三政治与法治(解析版)

专题六全面依法治国(满分:100分)一、选择题:本题共15小题,每小题3分,共45分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

1.全面依法治国是国家治理的一场深刻革命,必须坚持厉行法治,推进科学立法、严格执法、公正司法、全民守法。

为深化依法治国实践,我国成立了中央全面依法治国领导小组,加强对法治中国建设的统一领导。

全面推进依法治国()①是实现中国国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的必然要求②目的是纠正一些党政领导干部以言代法、以权压法、徇私枉法③需要发挥人民群众在依法治国过程中的主体作用④旨在促进部分维权意识薄弱的公民学法、懂法、守法、用法A.①③B.①④C.②③D.②④2.近年来,北京法院通过创新机制、出台制度,将党支部建在法庭上、将党小组建在团队中,推动党建工作与审判工作的深度融合,推动执法办案不断取得新成绩,人民群众对司法工作的满意度大幅提升。

这充分体现了()A.依法行政水平不断提高B.公正司法水平不断提高C.法治政府建设不断推进D.依法执政能力不断提高3.根据习近平总书记对全面推进依法治国总目标作的详细说明,下列说法正确的是()①阐明了政府对全面推进依法治国的总体思路②体现了国家对全面推进依法治国的坚定信心③明确了全面推进依法治国的性质和方向④突出了全面推进依法治国的工作重点和总抓手A.①②B.②③C.①④D.③④4.全面推进依法治国,总目标是建设中国特色社会主义法治体系,建设社会主义法治国家。

为此需要()①深入推进依法行政,加快建设法治政府②增强全民法治观念,推进法治社会建设③坚持党的领导,完善党的执法功能④发挥人民政协的立法职能,民主立法A.①③B.③④C.①②D.②④5.全面推进依法治国涉及改革发展稳定、内政外交国防、治党治国治军各个方面,是关系我们党执政兴国、关系人民幸福安康、关系党和国家长治久安的重大战略问题。

因此,用法律手段实现和保证党的领导、人民民主,是国家长治久安和巩固党的执政地位的重要保障。

高考物理专题6追及相遇问题练习含解析

高考物理专题6追及相遇问题练习含解析

专题6 追及相遇问题1.(1)“慢追快”型:v后=v前时,Δx最大.追匀减速运动的机车时,注意要判断追上时前车是否已停下.(2)“快追慢”型:v后=v前时,Δx最小,若此时追上是“恰好不相撞”;若此时还没追上就追不上了;若此之前追上则是撞上.2.v-t图象在已知出发点的前提下,可由图象“面积”判断相距最远、最近及相遇.1.(2020·河南郑州市中原联盟3月联考)如图1所示,直线a和曲线b分别是在平直公路上行驶的汽车a和b的位移-时间(x-t)图象.由图可知( )图1A.在时刻t1,a、b两车相遇,且运动方向相反B.在时刻t2,a车追上b车,且运动方向相同C.在t1到t2这段时间内,b车的速率先增大后减小D.在t1到t2这段时间内,b车的速率一直比a车小答案 A解析在时刻t1,a、b两车到达同一位置而相遇,根据图象切线的斜率表示速度可知两车运动方向相反,故A正确;在t1到t2这段时间内,a在前,b在后,则在时刻t2,b车追上a 车,根据图象切线的斜率表示速度可知两车运动方向相同,故B错误;在t1到t2这段时间内,b车图线斜率大小先减小后增大,则b车的速率先减小后增大,故C错误;在t1到t2这段时间内,b车的速率先大于a后小于a,最后又大于a,故D错误.2.(2020·福建龙岩市质检)如图2所示,直线a和曲线b分别是在平行的平直公路上行驶的汽车a和b的速度—时间(v-t)图线,在t1时刻两车刚好在同一位置(并排行驶),在t1到t3这段时间内,下列说法正确的是( )图2A.在t2时刻,两车相距最远B.在t3时刻,两车相距最远C.a车加速度均匀增大D.b车加速度先增大后减小答案 B解析 在t 1~t 3时间段内,b 车速度都小于a 车速度,两者间距一直增大,所以在t 3时刻,两车相距最远,选项B 正确,选项A 错误.a 车做匀加速直线运动,a 车加速度不变,选项C 错误.根据速度-时间图象的斜率表示加速度可知,b 车加速度一直在增大,选项D 错误.3.(2020·四川成都第七中学月考)自行车和汽车同时驶过平直公路上的同一地点,此后其运动的v -t 图象如图3所示,自行车在t =50 s 时追上汽车,则( )图3A.汽车的位移为100 mB.汽车的运动时间为20 sC.汽车的加速度大小为0.25 m/s 2D.汽车停止运动时,二者间距最大答案 C解析 在t =50 s 时,自行车位移x 1=4×50 m=200 m ,由于自行车追上汽车,所以汽车位移等于自行车位移,即汽车位移为200 m ,选项A 错误;由v -t 图象与t 轴围成的面积表示位移可知,汽车要运动40 s ,位移才能达到200 m ,由此可得汽车运动的加速度大小为a =0.25 m/s 2,选项B 错误,C 正确;两者速度相等时,间距最大,选项D 错误.4.(2020·河南三门峡市11月考试)从同一地点同时开始沿同一直线运动的两个物体Ⅰ、Ⅱ的速度-时间图象如图4所示.在0~t 2时间内,下列说法中正确的是( )图4A.Ⅰ物体所受的合外力不断增大,Ⅱ物体所受的合外力不断减小B.在第一次相遇之前,t 1时刻两物体相距最远C.t 2时刻两物体相遇D.Ⅰ、Ⅱ两个物体的平均速度大小都是v 1+v 22答案 B解析 速度—时间图象的斜率表示加速度,从图中可知Ⅰ曲线的斜率在减小,所以Ⅰ加速度在减小,根据牛顿第二定律可得Ⅰ物体所受的合力在减小,Ⅱ斜率恒定,做匀减速直线运动,合力恒定,A 错误;速度—时间图象与坐标轴围成的面积表示位移,由图可知在t 1时刻两物体面积差最大,相距最远,故B 正确;t 2时刻,物体Ⅰ的位移比物体Ⅱ的位移大,两者又是从同一地点同时开始运动的,所以t 2时刻两物体没有相遇,故C 错误;物体的位移就等于图中两图象与时间轴所围的面积,平均速度就等于位移与时间的比值,由图知物体Ⅰ的位移比物体Ⅱ的位移大,且物体Ⅱ做匀减速运动,其平均速度为v 1+v 22,Ⅰ的平均速度大于v 1+v 22,D 错误.5.(2020·广东深圳市第二次检测)甲、乙两汽车在两条平行且平直的车道上行驶,运动的v -t 图象如图5所示,已知t =0时刻甲、乙第一次并排,则( )图5A.t =4 s 时刻两车第二次并排B.t =6 s 时刻两车第二次并排C.t =10 s 时刻两车第三次并排D.前10 s 内两车间距离的最大值为12 m答案 C解析 由图象可知,在前8 s 内,甲的位移x ′=vt =48 m ,乙的位移x ″=2+62×12 m=48 m ,说明t =8 s 时刻两车第二次并排,选项A 、B 均错误;两车第二次并排后,设经过Δt时间两车第三次并排,有:v ·Δt =v 1·Δt -12a 2·Δt 2,解得Δt =2 s ,两车恰好在乙速度为零时第三次并排,第三次两车并排的时刻为t =10 s ,选项C 正确;由图象可知,前10 s内在t =4 s 时刻两车距离最大(图象上左侧的梯形面积),Δx =2+42×6 m=18 m ,选项D 错误.6.(多选)(2020·河南驻马店市3月模拟)甲、乙两车在相邻的平行车道同向行驶做直线运动,v -t 图象如图6所示,二者最终停在同一斑马线处,则( )图6A.甲车的加速度小于乙车的加速度B.t =0时乙车在甲车前方8.4 m 处C.t =3 s 时甲车在乙车前方0.6 m 处D.前3 s 内甲车始终在乙车后边答案 BC解析 根据v -t 图象的斜率大小表示加速度大小,斜率绝对值越大加速度越大,则知甲车的加速度大于乙车的加速度,故A 错误;设甲车运动的总时间为t ,根据几何关系可得:3 s t =1518,得t =3.6 s ,在0~3.6 s 内,甲的位移x 甲=18×3.62m =32.4 m,0~4 s 内,乙的位移x 乙=12×42m =24 m ,因二者最终停在同一斑马线处,所以,t =0时乙车在甲车前方x 甲-x 乙=8.4 m ,故B 正确;0~3 s 内,甲、乙位移之差Δx =6×32m =9 m ,因t =0时乙车在甲车前方8.4 m 处,所以t =3 s 时甲车在乙车前方0.6 m 处,故C 正确;由上分析知,前3 s 内甲车先在乙车后边,后在乙车的前边,故D 错误.7.(2019·四川德阳市质检)如图7甲所示,A 车原来临时停在一水平路面上,B 车在后面匀速向A 车靠近,A 车司机发现后启动A 车,以A 车司机发现B 车为计时起点(t =0),A 、B 两车的v -t 图象如图乙所示.已知B 车在第1 s 内与A 车的距离缩短了x 1=12 m.图7(1)求B 车运动的速度v B 和A 车的加速度a 的大小.(2)若A 、B 两车不会相撞,则A 车司机发现B 车时(t =0)两车的距离x 0应满足什么条件? 答案 (1)12 m/s 3 m/s 2(2)x 0>36 m解析 (1)在t 1=1 s 时A 车刚启动,两车间缩短的距离 x 1=v B t 1代入数据解得B 车的速度v B =12 m/sA 车的加速度a =vB t 2-t 1将t 2=5 s 和其余数据代入解得A 车的加速度大小a =3 m/s 2(2)两车的速度相等时,两车的距离达到最小,对应于v -t 图象的t 2=5 s 时刻,此时两车已发生的相对位移为梯形的面积,则x =12v B (t 1+t 2)代入数据解得x=36 m因此,若A、B两车不会相撞,则两车的距离x0应满足条件:x0>36 m.。

近五年高考真题专题6 完形填空之夹叙夹议(解析版)

近五年高考真题专题6 完形填空之夹叙夹议(解析版)
45. A. merelyB. slightlyC. hardlyD. partly
46. A. reviewingB. approvingC. receivingD. attempting
47. A. win outB. give upC. wake upD. stand out
48. A. dreamB. lieC. fantasyD. fact
56. A. get hold ofB. stare atC. knock onD. make use of
57. A. realB. TypicalC. similarD. limited
58. A. safety ruleB. comfort zoneC. bottom lineD. top secret
52.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我有一种强烈的害怕,害怕我们正在说的谎言会对孩子们造成心灵上的伤害。A. physical身体的;B biological生物的;C. spiritual心灵的;D. behavioral行为的。下文说家长们的撒谎行为会让孩子们面对机会时,犹豫不前。由此可知,这是对孩子们心灵上造成了伤害。故选C。
51.考查名词词义辨析。句意:我有一种强烈的害怕,害怕我们正在说的谎言会对孩子们造成心灵上的伤害。A. demand要求;B. fear害怕;C. desire欲望;D. doubt怀疑。根据that the lie we're telling is doing52damage to our children.和Maybe it's an unreasonable fear.可知这是让我强烈害怕的事情。故选B。
47.考查动词短语辨析。句意:有一天,他们会开始了解真相,并且发现,一直以来,他们所知道的关于窗户的一切,是一个谎言。A. win out最后获得成功;B. give up放弃;C. wake up开始了解真相;D. stand out站出来。根据and discover that everything they've always known about windows is a48.可知有一天,孩子们会开始了解真相。故选C。

2023届新高考二卷语文点对点攻关训练专题六:选择简答

2023届新高考二卷语文点对点攻关训练专题六:选择简答

2023届高三全国新高考II卷语文点对点攻关训练(辽宁、海南、重庆)专题六:选择简答阅读下面的文字,完成下面小题。

严冬之下,有人热衷“低温养生”,尝试冬泳、洗冷水澡等。

专家表示,所谓的“低温养生”注重的是自然环境下低温对人体的调节。

如果通过冷水澡、冬泳、穿得少来人为地降低体温,有时不仅无法达到长寿的目的,① 特别是老人、儿童等体质较弱或患心脑血管疾病、怕冷体质的人,一味地追求低温,易导致感冒、冻伤等不适症状。

某些低温习惯有助于身体健康,② ,低温能减少高温烹饪时致癌物出现的几率,又能最大限度保存食物中的养分,低温烹饪应以细火烹煮为佳,注意适当低温烹调。

睡个“低温觉”也有利于养生。

人的体温晚间9点至11点开始下降,凌晨1点至3点降到低谷。

夜间休息的时间正好是“低温养生”的好时机。

因此,每天应该按时休息,③ 。

1.在上文横线序号处补写恰当的语句,使整段文字语意完整连贯,内容贴切,逻辑严密。

每处不超过6个字。

2.请分别用一个否定句概括上文各段的主要意思。

每句不超过10个字。

阅读下面的文字,完成下面小题。

世界知识产权组织在第70届法兰克福书展上组织了一场关于新冠肺炎疫情对出版业影响的在线讨论,来自世界各地的专家认为,全世界出版业都在面对疫情带来的挑战。

尽管出版业没有像其他一些行业经历需求崩溃,但疫情对该行业的影响是①______________的。

疫情影响雪上加霜,再加上数字经济方兴未艾,社交媒体信息过载,三重冲击,对于传统书业的经营者来说,在制定经营战略时,他们不得不②______________,因为一旦决策错误,情况则会更糟。

尽管书业相对新闻报纸、广播电视、大众杂志等与读者近距离、即时性产生连接的“热媒介”而言,其以专业性、深度性和长时效的“冷媒介”特点,尚存优势。

但无论是“热”媒介还是“冷”媒介,在社交媒体迅速崛起的时代,读者纷纷“离场”转向“屏读”,却是不争的事实。

面对读者“转场”,传统的书业并没有做好准备和预案。

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高考专题训练(六) 三角函数的图象与性质
A 级——基础巩固组
一、选择题
1.(2014·全国大纲卷)已知角α的终边经过点(-4,3),则cos α=( )
A.45 B .35 C .-35
D .-45
2.(2014·四川卷)为了得到函数y =sin(2x +1)的图象,只需把函数y =sin2x 的图象上所有的点( )
A .向左平行移动1
2个单位长度 B .向右平行移动1
2个单位长度 C .向左平行移动1个单位长度 D .向右平行移动1个单位长度
3.(2014·北京东城一模)将函数y =sin(2x +φ)的图象沿x 轴向左平移π
8个单位后,得到一个偶函数的图象,则φ的一个可能取值为( )
A.3π4
B.π2
C.π4 D .-π4
4.函数f (x )=A sin(ωx +φ)⎝ ⎛

⎪⎫A >0,ω>0,|φ|<π2的部分图象如图所
示,若x 1,x 2∈⎝ ⎛⎭
⎪⎫
-π6,π3,且f (x 1)=f (x 2),则f (x 1+x 2)=( )
A .1 B.1
2 C.22 D.32
5.函数f (x )=sin(ωx +φ)(ω>0,|φ|<π
2)的最小正周期是π,若其图象向右平移π
6个单位后得到的函数为奇函数,则函数f (x )的图象( )
A .关于点⎝
⎛⎭
⎪⎫π12,0对称 B .关于直线x =π
12对称
C .关于点⎝ ⎛⎭
⎪⎫π6,0对称 D .关于直线x =π
6对称
6.已知函数f (x )=cos ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫2x +π3-cos2x ,其中x ∈R ,给出下列四个结论:①函数f (x )是最小正周期为π的奇函数;②函数f (x )图象的
一条对称轴是直线x =2π
3;③函数f (x )图象的一个对称中心为⎝ ⎛⎭
⎪⎫5π12,0;④函数f (x )的递增区间为k π+π6,k π+2π
3,k ∈Z .则正确结论的个数是( )
A .1
B .2
C .3
D .4
二、填空题
7.若sin ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫π3+α=13,则sin ⎝ ⎛⎭
⎪⎫
π6+2α=________.
8.(2014·江苏卷)已知函数y =cos x 与y =sin(2x +φ)(0≤φ<π),它们的图象有一个横坐标为π
3的交点,则φ的值是________.
9.(2014·北京卷)设函数f (x )=A sin(ωx +φ)(A ,ω,φ是常数,A >0,
ω>0).若f (x )在区间⎣⎢⎡⎦⎥⎤π6,π2上具有单调性,且f ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫π2=f ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫2π3=-f ⎝ ⎛⎭
⎪⎫
π6,则
f (x )的最小正周期为________.
三、解答题
10.(2014·重庆卷)已知函数f (x )=3sin(ωx +φ)(ω>0,-π2≤φ<π
2)的图象关于直线x =π
3对称,且图象上相邻两个最高点的距离为π.
(1)求ω和φ的值;
(2)若f ⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫α2=34⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫π
6<α<2π3,求cos ⎝ ⎛⎭
⎪⎫α+3π2的值.
11.(2014·山东菏泽一模)已知函数f (x )=2sin ωx cos ωx +23sin 2ωx -3(ω>0)的最小正周期为π.
(1)求函数f (x )的单调增区间;
(2)将函数f (x )的图象向左平移π
6个单位,再向上平移1个单位,得到函数y =g (x )的图象,若y =g (x )在[0,b ](b >0)上至少含有10个零点,求b 的最小值.
B 级——能力提高组
1.设函数f (x )=3cos(2x +φ)+sin(2x +φ)⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫|φ|<π2,且其图象关于直线x =0对称,则( )
A .y =f (x )的最小正周期为π,且在⎝ ⎛
⎭⎪⎫0,π2上为增函数
B .y =f (x )的最小正周期为π,且在⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫0,π2上为减函数
C .y =f (x )的最小正周期为π
2,且在⎝ ⎛⎭⎪⎫0,π4上为增函数 D .y =f (x )的最小正周期为π
2,且在⎝ ⎛⎭
⎪⎫0,π4上为减函数 2.(2014·全国大纲卷)若函数f (x )=cos2x +a sin x 在区间⎝ ⎛⎭
⎪⎫
π6,π2是
减函数,则实数a 的取值范围是________.
3.(2014·湖北卷)某实验室一天的温度(单位:℃)随时间t (单位:h)的变化近似满足函数关系:
f (t )=10-3cos π12t -sin π
12t ,t ∈[0,24). (1)求实验室这一天的最大温差;
(2)若要求实验室温度不高于11 ℃,则在哪段时间实验室需要降温?。

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