unit disk graph
数学专业英语词汇（U）
数学专业英语词汇(U)u statistic u统计量ulm factor 乌姆因子ultra filter base 超滤子基ultra ideal 超理想ultra power 超幂ultrabarrelled space 超桶型空间ultrabornological space 超有界型空间ultrafilter 超滤子ultrafilter space 超滤子空间ultrahyperbolic equation 超双曲型方程ultrametric space 超度量空间ultraproduct 超积ultraspherical polynomials 特种球多项式umbilical point 脐点unary operation 一元运算unary relation 一元关系unbiased confidence estimation 无偏置信估计unbiased estimate 无偏估计unbiased estimating equation 无偏估计方程unbiased estimator 无偏估计量unbiased sample 无偏样本unbiased test 无偏检验unbiasedness 无偏性unbounded function 无界函数unbounded interval 无界区间unbounded operator 无界算子unbounded quantifier 无界量词unbounded sequence 无界序列unbounded set 无界集unboundedness 无界性uncertainty 不定uncertainty principle 测不准原理unconditional convergence 无条件收敛unconditional inequality 无条件不等式unconditional jump 无条件跳跃unconditionally convergent 无条件收敛的unconditionally convergent series 无条件收敛级数unconnected graph 不连通图unconnected space 不连通空间unconnectedness 不连通性uncorrelated 不相关的uncorrelated random variables 不相关随机变量uncountability 不可数性uncountable 不可数的uncountable ordinal 不可数序数undecidability 不可判定性undecidability theorem 不可判定性定理undecidable theory 不可判定理论underdeterminate system 欠定组underdeterminate system of partial differential equations 欠定偏微分方程组underlying graph 底图underlying group 基础群underlying topological space 基础拓扑空间underlying topology 基础拓扑undetermined 未定的undetermined coefficient 末定系数undetermined number 未定数undirected edge 无向棱undirected graph 无向图undisturbed differential equation 无扰动微分方程unduloid 波状体unequal 不等的ungula of the cone 锥的蹄状体ungula of the cylinder 柱的蹄状体ungula of the prism 棱柱的蹄状体uniaxial 单轴的unicity 唯一性uniconvergence space 单收敛空间unicursal 单行的unicursal curve 有理曲线unicursal graph 单行图unicursal involution 单行对合unicursal surface 单行曲面unidirectional 单方面的unified field theory 统一场论uniform 匀的uniform approximation 一致逼近uniform boundedness principle 一致有界原理uniform continuity 一致连续性uniform convergence 一致收敛uniform cover 一致覆盖uniform distribution 均匀分布uniform equicontinuity 一致同等连续性uniform invariant 一致不变量uniform isomorphism 一致同胚uniform limit 一致极限uniform scale 等分标尺uniform space 一致空间uniform stability 一致稳定性uniform structure 一致结构uniform topology 一致拓扑uniformity 一致结构uniformity generated by a pseudometric 伪度量一致性uniformizable 可一致化的uniformizable point 单值化点uniformizable space 单值化空间uniformization 单值化uniformization principle 一般单值化定理uniformization theorem 单值化定理uniformization theory 单值化理论uniformizing covering surface 单值化覆盖面uniformizing function 单值化函数uniformly bounded 一致有界的uniformly bounded sequence of functions 一致有界函数序列uniformly bounded series 一致有界级数uniformly bounded set 一致有界集uniformly continuous 一致连续的uniformly continuous map 一致连续映射uniformly convergent 一致收敛的uniformly convergent sequence of functions 一致收敛函数序列uniformly convex 一致凸的uniformly convex space 一致凸空间uniformly distributed random variable 均匀分布随机变量uniformly elliptic operator 一致椭圆算子uniformly equicontinuous 一致同等连续的uniformly equivalent metric 一致等价度量uniformly equivalent space 一致等价空间uniformly integrable 一致可积的uniformly locally compact space 一致局部紧空间uniformly most powerful test 一致最大功效检定uniformly open map 一致开映射uniformly strongly elliptic operator 一致强椭圆算子uniformly summable family of functions 一致可积函数族unilateral 单侧的unilateral surface 单侧曲面unimodal 单峰的unimodal distribution 单峰分布unimodular group 幺模群unimodular map 幺模映射unimodular matrix 幺模阵unimodular number 单模数unimodularly bounded function 幺模有界函数union 并集union of sets 集的并unipotent element 幂幺元unipotent group 幂单群unipotent matrix 幂单矩阵unique existence 唯一存在性unique factorization domain 唯一析因整环unique factorization theorem 唯一析因定理unique solution 唯一解uniquely defined 唯一定义的uniqueness 唯一性uniqueness condition 唯一性条件uniqueness theorem 唯一性定理unirational variety 单有理簇uniserial algebra 单列代数unit ball 单位球unit character 单位特贞unit circle 单位圆unit disk 单位园板unit divisor 单位因子unit dyad 单位并向量unit filter 单位滤子unit function 单位函数unit group 单位群unit ideal 单位理想unit idele 单位伊代尔unit interval 单位区间unit line 单位线unit lower triangular matrix 单位下三角阵unit matrix 单位矩阵unit of angle 角的单位unit of area 面积单位unit of volume 体积单位unit operator 恒等算子unit point 单位点unit representation 恒等表示unit simplex 单位单形unit sphere 单位球unit square 单位平方形unit tangent 单位切向量unit tensor 单位张量unit theorem 单元定理unit transformation 恒等变换unit vector 单位向量unitarily equivalent operator 酉等价算子unitarily equivalent representation 酉等价表示unitarity 酉性unitary 单式的unitary algebra 单式代数unitary bundle 酉丛unitary connection 酉朕络unitary geometry 酉几何unitary group 酉群unitary homomorphism 单式同态unitary invariant 酉不变量unitary matrix 酉矩阵unitary modular group 特殊酉群unitary operator 酉算子unitary r module 单式r模unitary representation 酉表示unitary similar matrix 酉相似矩阵unitary space 酉空间unitary transfer 酉朕络unitary transformation 酉变换unity 单位元素unity element 单位元素unity group 单位群univalent 单叶的univalent function 单叶函数univariable series 单变量级数universal affirmative proposition 全称肯定命题universal bundle 通用丛universal class 全类universal coefficient formula 万有系数公式universal coefficient theorem 万有系数定理universal covering 通用覆盖universal covering group 通用覆盖群universal covering manifold 通用覆盖廖universal covering space 万有覆盖空间universal covering surface 万有覆盖面universal curve 万有曲线universal domain 万有域universal enveloping algebra 通用包络代数universal function 通用函数universal map 通用映射universal negative proposition 全称否定命题universal proposition 一般命题universal quantifier 全称量词universal relation 通用关系universal set 通用集合universal subgroup 通用子群universal validity 一般有效性universal variety 普遍簇universally japanese ring 伪几何环universally maximal left ideal 普遍极大左理想universally maximal twosided ideal 普遍极大双侧理想universally minimal right ideal 普遍极小右理想universally valid formula 普遍有效公式unknown 末知的unknown number 未知数unlimited 无限的unlimited covering manifold 无限覆盖廖unlimitedness 无穷unmixed ideal 纯理想unordered pair 无序对unparted hyperboloid 单叶双曲面unramified covering 非分歧覆盖unramified covering surface 非分歧覆盖面unramified extension 非分歧扩张unramified manifold 非分歧廖unramified prime ideal 非分歧素理想unramified ring 非分歧环unsolvability 不可解性unsolvable 不可解的unsolvable equation 不可解方程unstability 不稳定性unstable 不稳定的unstable solution 不稳定解unweighted mean 未加权平均数upper bound 上界upper central series 上中心列upper class 上类upper control limit 上控制限upper derivative 上导数upper envelope 上包络upper half plane 上半平面upper limit 上极限upper limit of integration 积分的上限upper pure value 上纯值upper quartile 上四分位数upper semi continuous decomposition 上半连续分解upper semicontinuity 上半连续性upper semicontinuous 上半连续的upper semilattice 上半格upper triangular matrix 上三角形矩阵upper value of game 对策上方值upper variation 正变差useful direction 有效方向utility 效用utility function 效用函数utility theory 效用理论。
石油英语词汇（R1）
石油英语词汇(R1)r a t 抽油杆和油管r and m 修理与维护r c 橡胶包裹的r c 遥控r wave r波r 半径r 比r 残余的r 第三纪r 电阻率r 范围r 竿r 河流r 基r 接收器r 兰金度数r 雷诺数r 列氏温度r 伦琴r 逆动r 稀有的r 右r 原始的r 阻力r&d 研究与发展r' 圆半径弧分数r'' 雷氏秒数r'' 圆半径弧秒数r-c coupling 阻容耦合r-c 阻容的r-equivalent 伦琴当量r-m spread 研究法-马达法辛烷值差r-mode factor analysis r-型因子分析r-mode space r-型空间r-mode statistical method r-型统计法r-number r值r-signal 电阻性信号r-strategist 特化种r-unit 伦琴单位r. 半径r. 比r. 后r. 江r. 铁道r. 已注册的r. 右r.a.l 左右r.a.s 英国皇家航空协会r.c 旋转变流机r.c 研究中心r.c 阻容r.c.e.e.a. 无线电通信及电子学工程协会r.f.u. 随时可使用的r.h. 相对湿度r.h. 右r.h.s. 右方r.i. 保留指数r.i. 放射性同位素r.i. 放射性同位素指示剂r.i. 复现指数r.m.t. 读取磁带r.n. 雷诺数r.p.c. 遥控台r.t. 放射性同位素指示剂r.t. 射线探伤访验r.t.c. 自记式温度控制器ra 放射性ra 辐射ra 记录准确度ra 镭ra 洛氏硬度a级ra 实数加ra 随机存取ra 作用半径raabsite 钠闪云煌岩rab tool 钻头处电阻率测井仪rabbet 插孔rabbit 清管器rabble 搅拌棒rabbler 刮九rabinowinwitsch model 拉宾诺维奇模race knife 划线刀race rotation 空转race 赛跑race 随机存取计算机设备raceme 外消旋体racemization 外消旋作用raceway 电缆管道racheting device 棘轮装置racing 空转；急转rack and gear drive 齿条-齿轮传动rack and gear jack 齿条-齿轮式千斤rack and pinion jack 齿条-小齿轮千斤顶rack and pinion 齿条-小齿轮rack back 在井架中排立钻杆rack bar sluice valve 齿条式闸门阀rack circle 圆齿条rack earth 机壳地线rack jack 齿条式千斤顶rack mechanism 齿条机构rack of barrels 桶堆rack pipe 排管rack pricing 离炼厂定价rack rail 齿轨rack rent 高额地租rack tooth 齿条齿rack up 排放完rack wheel 棘轮rack 架racker 排管器racking arm 系管臂racking back 在井架中排立钻杆racking board 二层台racking capacity 排立根量racking cone 钻杆排置锥座racking of drill pipe 钻杆排放racking of drum 堆桶racking pipe 排管racking platform 二层台racking 架；震动racon 雷达信标rad 放射的rad 快速存取磁盘rad 拉德rad. 半径rad. 根数rad. 弧度rad. 无线电rad. 无线电报rad. 无线电员radac 快速数字自动计算radan 多普勒雷达自动导航radar altimeter 雷达测高仪radar antenna 雷达天线radar band 雷达波段radar base map 雷达导航图radar beacon 雷达信标radar beam 雷达波束radar buoy 雷达浮标radar coverage 雷达覆盖范围radar depression angle 雷达俯角radar doppler 多普勒雷达radar imaginary 雷达成象radar indicated face 雷达显示表面radar interaction 雷达干扰radar jamming 雷达干扰radar map 雷达地图radar mapping 雷达地形显示图radar mast 雷达天线杆radar microwave technique 雷达微波技术radar mosaic 雷达综合图radar navigation 雷达导航radar performance figure 雷达性能指标radar photography 雷达摄影术radar pilotage 雷达领航radar presentation 雷达显示radar range finder 雷达测距仪radar reflection interval 雷达反射时间间隔radar reflection 雷达反射radar reflectivity 雷达反射率radar remote sensing 雷达遥感radar resolution 雷达分辨率radar responder 雷达应答器radar return 雷达回波radar scanning 雷达扫描radar shadow 雷达盲区radar surveying 雷达测量radar target 雷达目标radar 雷达radar-probing system 雷达探测系统radar-rock units 雷达岩石单位radar-transparency 雷达透视radargrammetry 雷达测量radarman 雷达员radarphototheodolite 雷达摄影经纬仪radarscope photography 雷达摄影学radarscope 雷达示波器radd 列地址radechon 雷得康管radiac 放射性检测仪radiacmeter 核辐射剂量计radiagraph 活动焰切机radial adaptive multiple suppression 径向自适应压制多次波radial advance 径向推进radial air-cooled engine 星型气冷式发动机radial angle 径向角radial arm bearing 横力臂支承radial arm 旋臂radial array 径向排列radial bearing disk 止推轴承盘radial bearing lower drive sub 下部径向轴承传动接头radial bearing upper drive sub 上部径向轴承传动接头radial bearing 径向轴承radial bore length 水平井眼长度radial characteristic 径向特性radial circular flow 径向环流radial clearance 径向间隙radial component 径向部分radial conductive heat transfer 径向热导传热radial coning 径向锥进radial coordinates 径向坐标radial crack 放射状裂隙radial crushing strength 中心破碎强度radial davit 转动式吊艇杆radial differential temperature log 径向微差井温测井radial displacement 径向驱替radial drilling machine 旋臂钻床radial engine 星型发动机radial feed 径向给进radial flow tray 径流塔板radial flow 径向流radial fluid flow 平面径向流radial force 径向力radial gradient 径向梯度radial groove 径向沟槽radial height 径向高度radial histogram 径向直方图radial impeller pump 径向叶轮泵radial inward flow 径向向内流radial load 径向载荷radial migration 辐射迁移radial multiple-suppression method 径向多次压制法radial node 径向结点radial outward flow 径向向外流radial packing 径向盘根radial piston motor 径向活塞马达radial play 径向间隙radial plunger pump 径向柱塞泵radial reactor 径向反应器radial refraction 径向折射radial resolution 径向分辨率radial response 径向响应radial rift 放射断陷radial shaft seal ring 径向轴密封环radial shooting 径向激反radial shrinkage 径向收缩radial slot 沿径槽radial steady-state flow equation 径向稳定流动方程radial steam-front advance 径向蒸汽前缘推进radial strain 径向应变radial stress 径向应力radial support bearing 径向支承轴承radial survey 径向观测radial symmetry 径向对称radial thrust bearing 径向止推轴承radial tolerance 径向容许偏差radial trace 径向记录道radial turbine 径流式涡轮radial velocity 径向速度radial vibration 径向振动radial waterflooding 环状注水radial wire cord tire 钢丝子午线轮胎radial wobble 径向震摆radial 辐向的radial-inlet impeller 径向进口式叶轮radialization 辐射；放射radian frequency 角频率radian measure 弧度radian 弧度radiance contour map 辐射外形图；发光度外形图radiance 光亮度；辐射率；辐射性能radiancy =radianceradiant coil 辐射段炉管radiant energy 辐射能radiant flux density 辐射能量密度radiant heat sensor 辐射热传感器radiant heat zone 辐射热带radiant heat 辐射热radiant heater 辐射式加热炉radiant intensity 辐射强度radiant matter 辐射物radiant power 辐射功率radiant quantity 辐射量radiant rays 辐射线radiant section 辐射段radiant surface absorptivity 辐射表面吸收率radiant temperature sensitivity 辐射热感温灵敏度radiant tube 辐射管radiant type fiber 辐射型纤维radiant wall tubes 辐射壁管radiant 辐射源radiant-type furnace 辐射炉radiaoctive family 放射系radiastarte 射华蛤属radiate 放射radiated noise 辐射噪声radiated solar energy 辐射太阳能radiated structure 射状构造radiated wave 辐射波radiating body 辐射体radiating heat 辐射热radiating matter 放射物质radiation absorber 辐射吸收剂radiation balance 辐射平衡radiation belt 辐射带radiation characteristic 辐射特性radiation chemistry 放射化学radiation counter 辐射计数器radiation crosslinking 辐射交联radiation damage 辐射线损伤radiation degradation 辐射降解radiation detector 辐射探测器radiation dosimetry 辐射剂量测定法radiation ecology 辐射生态学radiation effect 辐射效应radiation efficiency 辐射效率radiation energy 辐射能radiation estimator 辐射剂量计radiation grafting 辐射接枝radiation heat transfer 辐射热传递radiation heat 辐射热radiation heater 辐射加热器radiation induced crosslinking 辐射诱导交联radiation induced grafting 辐射诱导接枝radiation initiation 辐射引发radiation intensity 辐射强度radiation ionization 辐射电离radiation level 辐射强度radiation logging 放射性测井radiation loss 辐射损失radiation method 辐射法radiation pattern 辐射模式；辐射特性图radiation peak 辐射最大值；辐射峰值radiation polymerization 放射聚合radiation pyrometer 辐射高温计radiation resistance 抗辐射性radiation resistant finish 防辐射整理radiation section 辐射段radiation sensitizer 辐射敏化剂radiation shield 辐射屏蔽radiation source 辐射源radiation temperature 辐射温度radiation wall thinkness measure device 辐射测壁厚仪radiation 辐射radiation-free zone 无辐照区域radiation-generating machine 辐射发生器radiation-initiated crosslinking 辐射诱导交联radiation-initiated polymerization 辐射引发聚合radiationless transition 无辐射跃迁radiationmeter 放射线计radiatisporites 辐毛大孢属radiator shutter 散热器风门片radiator 辐射体radiator-type cooling unit 散热器式冷却装置radical catalyst 游离基催化剂radical copolymerization 游离基共聚合radical expression 根式radical four-spot patern 基本四点井网radical polymerization 游离基聚合radical scavenger 游离基清除剂radical sedimentation basin 辐流式沉淀池radical sign 根号radical 基radical-anion initiator 游离基-阴离子引发剂radicand 被开方数radication 开方radices radix的复数radicle 基；根radii radius 的复数radio detection 无线电检测radio direction finder 无线电测向仪radio direction finding 无线电测向radio distance-measuring 无线电测距radio echo sounding 无线电回波探测radio electronics 无线电电子学radio emission 无线电发射radio engineering 无线电工程radio examination x射线透视法radio facsimile 无线电传真radio finder 无线电测向仪radio frequency 射频radio indicator 放射性同位素指示剂radio interference 无线电干扰radio interferometry 无线电干涉测量radio modulation 无线电调制radio modulator 无线电调制器radio navigation aids 无线电导航设备radio navigation transmitter 无线电导航发射机radio navigation 无线电导航radio pager unit 无线电呼唤装置radio position fixing 无线电定位radio positioning 无线电定位radio prospecting 放射性勘探radio reception 无线电接收radio relay station 无线电中继站radio research ship 无线电通信试验船radio responder 无线电应答器radio scanner 无线电扫描仪radio scattering 射电散射radio sonobuoy 无线电声呐浮标radio spectrum 射频频谱radio station 无线电台radio survey 无线电测量radio telemetering 无线电遥测；无线电遥测的radio telemetry buoy 无线电遥测浮标radio telemetry seismic data acquisition system 无线电遥测地震数字采集系统radio teletype 电传打字机radio thin-layer chromatography 放射薄层色谱法radio tick 无线电报时信号radio tower 无线电天线塔radio transceiver system 无线电收发系统radio transmission 无线电发射radio transmitter 无线电发射机radio wave propagation 无线电波传播radio 无线电radio- 放射radio-altimeter 无线电测高计radio-apparatus 无线电台radio-controlled pump station 无线电控制泵站radio-direction-finder method 无线电测定方位法radio-fixing 无线电定位radio-frequency amplifier 高频放大器radio-frequency choke 射频扼流圈radio-frequency coil 高频线圈radio-frequency drying 高频干燥radio-frequency field 射频场radio-frequency formation heating 地层射频加热radio-frequency interference 射频干扰radio-frequency location system 射频定位系统radio-frequency oscillator 射频振荡器radio-frequency reading 用高频扫描快速读出radio-frequency signal 高频率信号radio-halo 放射晕radio-label 放射性同位素示踪radio-link 无线电通信联络radio-micrometer 高灵敏度辐射计radio-microwave telemetering system 无线电-微波遥测系统radio-positioning navigation 无线电定位导航radio-positioning network 无线电定位网格radio-positioning station 无线电定位台radioacoustics 无线电声学radioactinium 放射性锕radioactivation analysis 活化分析；放射活化分析radioactive age determination 放射性年龄测定radioactive anomaly 放射性异常radioactive ash 放射性尘埃radioactive bullet 放射性子弹radioactive bulletlocator 放射性子弹定位器radioactive carbon dating 放射性碳年代测定法radioactive cement 放射性水泥radioactive chain 放射性衰变链radioactive concentration 放射性浓度radioactive constant 放射常数radioactive contamination 放射性污染radioactive decay 放射性衰变radioactive density meter 放射性密度计radioactive detector 放射性检测器radioactive disintegration 放射性衰变radioactive drug 放射性制剂radioactive element 放射性元素radioactive foil 放射性金属薄片radioactive heat 放射性热radioactive indicator 放射性指示剂radioactive isotope equipped go-devil 放射性同位素刮管器radioactive isotope 放射性同位素radioactive leak 放射性泄漏radioactive logging 放射性测井radioactive mineral 放射性矿物radioactive nucleus 放射性核radioactive nuclide 放射性核素radioactive occurrence 放射性矿床radioactive pollutant 放射性污染物radioactive prospecting 放射性勘探radioactive source 放射性源radioactive standardization 放射性标准化radioactive static eliminator 放射性静电消除器radioactive tracer log 放射性示踪剂测井radioactive tracer survey 放射性示踪物测量法radioactive tracer 放射性指示剂；放射性示踪剂radioactive transformation 放射性转化；放射性蜕变radioactive waste 放射性废物radioactive well logging 放射性测井radioactive 放射性的radioactive-tracer method 放射性示踪法radioactive-tracer-fibre 放射性示踪纤维radioactivity anomaly 放射性异常radioactivity background 放射性本底radioactivity decay 放射性衰变radioactivity equilibrium 放射性平衡radioactivity indicator 放射性强度指示器radioactivity level 放射性能级radioactivity log 放射性测井radioactivity prospecting 放射性勘探radioactivity standard 放射性标准radioactivity survey 放射性勘探radioactivity well logging 放射性测井radioactivity 放射性；放射radioalarm equipment 无线电报警器radioamplifier 高频放大器radioanalysis 放射性分析radioanalytical chemistry 放射分析化学radioassay 放射性检验radioastronomy 射电天文学radioautocontrol 无线电自动控制器radioautogram 无线电传真radioautograph 放射自显影radioautography 放射自显影术radiobeacon buoy 无线电浮航标radiobeacon 无线电信标radiobeam 无线电电波radiobearing 无线电方位radiobiochemistry 放射生物地球化学radiobiology 放射生物学radiobroadcast 无线电广播；用无线电广播radiocall sign 无线电呼号radiocarbon age 放射性碳年龄radiocarbon c14 放射性碳radiocarbon chronology 放射性碳测定年代法radiocarbon dating 放射性碳测定年龄radiocarbon stratigraphy 放射性碳地层学radiocarbon tracer 放射性碳示踪物radioceramic 高频瓷radiocesium 放射性铯radiochannel 波道radiochemicak analysis 放射化学分析radiochemistry 放射化学radiochromatogram 放射性色谱图radiochromatograph 辐射色层分离谱radiochromatography 放射色谱法radiochrometer 放射线穿透计radiocobalt 放射性钴radiocolloid 放射性胶体radiocommunication 无线电通信radiocompass error 无线电罗盘自差radiocompass 无线电测向仪radiocontamination 放射性沾染radiocounting 放射性计数radiodoppler 多普勒无线电技术radioecology 放射生态学radioelement 放射性元素radiofication 无线电化radiofluorescence 辐射荧光radiogaschromatographic method 放射性气相色谱法radiogenetics 放射发生学radiogenic age determination 放射性年龄测定radiogeology 放射性地质学radiogoniometer 无线电罗盘radiogoniometry 无线电测向术radiogram 无线电报；x射线照片；收音电唱两用机radiograph test 放射线检查radiograph x射线照片radiographic inspection 射线照相检查radiography 射线照相术radiohazard 射线伤害危险radioheating 射频加热radioiodine 放射性碘radioisoiopic dating 放射性同位素纪年radioisotope tracer 放射性同位素示踪剂radioisotope 放射性同位素radioisotopic tracer 放射性同位素指示剂radioisotopic 放射性同位素的radiolarian diatom ooze 放射虫硅藻软泥radiolarian earth 放射虫土radiolarian ooze 放射虫软泥radiolarite 放射虫岩radiolead 射铅radiolite survey instrument 放射性涂料照相测斜仪radiolitic texture 放射扇状结构radiolocation 无线电定位radiolocator 雷达radiologic hazard 放射危害radiologic medicine 放射医学radiologic physics 放射物理学radiologic safety control 放射性安全管理radiologic =radiological 放射的radiological imaging 辐射显象radiology 放射学radioluminescence 射线发光radiolysis 辐射分解radioman 无线电人员radiomarker 无线电指示标radiomaterial 放射性物质radiometal 射电金属；无线电高导磁性合金radiometallography 射线金相学radiometallurgy 辐射冶金radiometeorograph 无线电气象计radiometeorology 无线电气象学radiometer 辐射计radiometric age dating 放射性年龄测定radiometric age 放射性年龄radiometric analysis 放射分析；辐射测量分析radiometric calibration 辐射校准radiometric dating 放射性年龄测定radiometric distortion 辐射畸变radiometric line-scan system 放射测线扫描系统radiometric map 放射性测量图radiometric prospecting 放射性勘探radiometric resolution 辐射测量分辨率radiometric response 辐射响应radiometric titration 放射滴定radiometry 辐射测量术radiomimetic 类辐射的radion 射粒radionetric survey 射线测量radionics 射电电子学radionoise 无线电噪声radionuclide 放射性核素radiop 无线电工作人员radiophare 与船舶通信的无线电台；无线电信标radiophiny 无线电话学radiophone 无线电话radiophoto 无线电传真radiophotograph 无线电传真radiophotography 无线电传真radiophotoluminescence 辐射光致发光radiophotostimulation 辐射光致发光radiophysics 无线电物理学radioprotectant 放射防护剂radioprotection 辐射防护radioprotector 辐射防护装置radiopurity 放射性纯度radior method 拉迪奥尔法radiorange orientation 无线电导航定向radiorange 无线电航向信标；无线电测距radioresistance 辐射阻抗；抗辐射性radiorugoisporites 辐射皱纹孢属radioscannogram 放射扫描图radioscope 射线镜radioscopy 放射性检测法radiosensitive 辐射灵敏的radiosensitivity 辐射灵敏度radiosondage 无线电探空radiosonde 无线电探空仪radiospectrography 无线电频谱学radiospectroscopy 放射光谱学radiostrontium 放射性锶radiosurveying distance 无线电测量距离radiosusceptibility 放射灵敏度radiotechnics 无线电技术radiotechnology 无线电工艺；无线电的工业应用radiotelegram 无线电报radiotelegraph 无线电报机；用无线电报机发radiotelegraphy 无线电技术radiotelemetric 无线电遥测的radiotelemetry 无线电遥测学radiotelephone 无线电话radiotelephony 无线电话学radiotelevision 无线电视radiotelevisor 电视机radiotherapy 射线治疗法radiothermics 射频加热术radiothermoluminescence 辐射热致发光现象radiothermy 射频加热术radiothorium 放射钍radiotolerance 耐辐照度radiotracer 放射性示踪剂radiotron 三极电子管radiovision 电视radiovisor 电视机；光电继电器装置radiowarning 无线电报警radiowave pentration method 无线电波透视法radiowave reflection method 无线电波反射法radiowave 无线电波radist 无线电导航系统；空中目标速度测量设备radium equivalent 镭当量radium 镭radium-beryllium neutron source 镭-铍中子源radius caliper 半径规radius of action 作用半径radius of convergence 收敛半径radius of curvature method 曲率半径法radius of drainage 排油半径radius of gyration 惯性半径；回转半径radius of influence 影响半径radius of investigation 探测半径radius of vector 辐radius 半径radius-of-curvature 曲率半径radix complement 补码radix point 小数点radix two computer 二进制计算机radix 根；基radix-minus-one complement 反码radn 孤度radome 天线罩；天线屏蔽器；整流罩radon daughter 氡子体radon inversion 拉冬反演radon leakage 氡泄漏radon method 氡测法radon transform 拉冬变换radon 氡radphot 射辐透radsafe 辐射安全性radstockian 拉德斯托克阶radux 计数制的基数；远距离双曲线低频导航系统raffinate oil 抽余油raffinate 残液；提余液raffle 废物；杂物；绳索什具raft breccia 筏运角砾岩raft lake 筏塞湖raft tectonics 板块筏移构造raft 筏rafted boulder 漂砾rafter 椽rafting 合金；熔合物rag bolt 棘螺栓rag line 大棕绳rag wheel 抛光轮rag 抹布ragged hole 粗糙井眼；不规则井眼raglanite 刚玉霞长岩rai 读模拟量输入raidal drainage pattern 辐射状水系raidal drainage 径向排液rail clearance point 铁路卸车点rail filling point 铁路装车点rail head 铁路转运点rail loading facilities 铁路装车设施rail loading point 铁路装车点rail oil 导轨油rail spur 铁路岔道rail tank car 铁路槽车rail tank car 铁路油罐车rail tanker 铁路油槽车rail terminal 铁路转运油库rail type drawing frame 平台式并条机rail unloading point 铁路卸车点rail voltage 干线电压rail 横杆railage 铁路运输；铁路运费railing 栏杆railman 铁路职工railroad car journal lubricant 火车车轴润滑剂railroad crossing 铁路穿越railroad diesel fuel 内燃机车用柴油railroad tanker 铁路油槽车railroad 铁路railway grease 润滑脂railway journal grease 铁路货车轴承润滑脂railway 铁路；铁道部门；轻便车辆等的轨道；乘火车旅行rain capacity 降雨量rain check 延期rain gage 雨量计rain glass 气压表rain height 降雨量rain impression 雨痕rain print 雨滴痕rain 雨；下雨；电子流；季节雨；大量地给rain-green forest 常绿雨林rainbow member 彩色组分rainbow of oil 彩色油花rainbow on the slush pit 泥浆池液面上的彩色晕膜rainbow pattern 彩色带信号图rainbow 虹；特殊彩色；五彩缤纷的raincoat 雨衣raindrop impression 雨滴痕raindrop imprint 雨滴痕raindrop 雨点rainfall amount 降雨量rainfall intensity 降雨强度rainfall rate 降雨速度rainfall 雨量；降雨rainmaking 人工降雨rainproof 雨衣rainspout 水落管；排水口rainwash 地表径流rainwater 雨水；软水raise steam 锅炉点火raise 举起raised bank 天然堤raised beach 上升海滩raised bench 上升阶地raised bog 高地沼泽raised face 凸面raised floor 活地板raised platform 升高平台raised 上升的raised-face flange 凸面法兰raised-head screw 凸头螺钉raised-kernel fundtion 增值核函数raiser ear 立管吊耳raiser 举起者raising and lowering of bit 钻头上下跳动raising force 上升力raising legs 提升架；提升扒杆raising of indices 上标raising sling 提升吊索；吊货绳套raison d'etre 存在的理由raisonne 分类排列的raity 稀奇；珍品；稀薄rake angle 前角rake dune 齿形沙丘rake 倾斜度；耙raked pile 倾斜桩raker 耙机ralel 无线电探空气球ram block 防喷器闸板ram blowout preventer 闸板式防喷器ram compressor 冲压式压缩机ram drive 防喷器闸板驱动器ram engine 打桩机ram gravity 原始重力值ram hammer 冲击锤ram pile driver 冲锤打桩机ram preventer 闸板防喷器ram pump 柱塞泵ram rubber 防喷器闸板的封隔橡皮ram 随机存取存储器ram 柱塞ram-type preventer 闸板式防喷器ram-type 冲压式raman lines 喇曼谱线raman source 喇曼辐射源raman spectrogram 喇曼光谱图raman spectrum 喇曼光谱ramee 苎麻ramey type curve 雷米解释图版ramie =rameeramification 支流ramjet 冲压式喷气发动机raml =ramla 沙漠砾漠ramleh 海岸风成岩rammer 夯；撞锤；压头；通条；装填器ramming piston 撞击活塞ramming 捣固ramoff 落砂ramp anticline 冲断层面背斜ramp barge 滑台驳船ramp function 斜坡函数ramp generator 斜坡发生器ramp impedance function 渐变阻抗函数ramp region 冲断层陡倾区ramp rises along-thrust 顺冲断层的对冲隆起ramp step wave 斜阶跃波ramp substructure 井架坡板ramp transition reflection 斜坡过渡反射ramp trough 对冲断层槽ramp valley 对冲断层谷ramp velocity medium 渐变速度介质ramp velocity profile 渐变速度模型ramp 对冲断层；斜面ramp-transition function 斜坡过渡函数ramp-transition impedance 斜坡过渡阻抗ramp-transition zone 斜坡过渡层rampart 堡礁rams 径向自适应压制多次波ramsau dolomite 拉姆稍白云岩ramsbottom carbon residue 兰氏残炭rana 蛙属rancholabrean fauna 兰乔拉布瑞亚动物群rancidity 酸败randanite =randannite 暗色硅藻土randiapollis 鸡爪粉属randol noise 随机干扰random access file 随机存取文件random access storage 随机存取存储器random access 随机存取random accesss memoryy 随机存取存储器random amplitude error 随机振幅误差random approach 随机法random arrival 随机到达random character 随机特性random choice method 随机选择法random collision 随机碰撞random component 随机分量random copolymerization 无规共聚random copolymers 无规共聚物random coupling 随机耦合random cross winder 不规则交叉卷绕络同机random crosslinking 无规交联random crystal 不规则晶体random cut flock 不等长纤维屑random demand 随机需求random depositional texture 无序沉积结构random deviation 不规则井斜random digit 随机数字random direction 随机方向random distribution 随机分布；不规则分布random disturbance 随机干扰random drafts 任意牵伸random drilling 任意钻井random element 随机成分random emission 随机发射random error 随机误差random event 随机事件random experiment 随机试验random failure 随机失效random fault 随机故障random field 随机场random file 随机文件random flow 不规则流动random fluctuation 无规则波动random function 随机函数random geometry 任意几何状态random impulsive noise 随机脉冲噪声random inhomogeneity 随机非均匀性random injected signal 随机注入信号random inspection 抽查random interference 随机干涉效应random line 随机线random matrix 随机矩阵random medium 随机介质random mixed-layer structure 无序混层结构random motion 随机运动random network model 随机网格模型random noise level 随机噪声级random number generator 随机数发生器；随机数生成程序random number sequence 随机数序列random number 随机数random observation 随机观测random occurrence 随机事件random orbit satellite 随机轨道卫星random order 任意顺序random ordered sample 随机有序样本random orientation 随机定向random packing 任意填充random pattern of well spacing 任意布置井位random pattern 随机模式random perforation orientation 炮眼不规则排列random perturbation 随机扰动random phase errors 随机相位误差random process 随机过程random processing 随机处理random quantity 随机量random reflection seismic model 随机反射地震模型random reflection series 随机反射系列random sample 随机样本random sampling distribution 随机抽样分布random sampling 随机抽样random scanning 随机扫描random scattering center 随机散射中心random selection 随机选择random sequence 随机序列random series 随机序列random setting 无定向镶嵌random signal 随机信号random state 随机状态random stratified reservoir 不规则层状油层random structure 随机结构random subsample 随机子样本random test 随机试验random turbulence 不规则紊流random uncertainty 随机不确定度random variability 随机变化率random variable 随机变量random variation 随机变化random vector 随机矢量random vibration 随机振动random walk theory of dispersion 漫步式分子离散理论random walk 随机游动random 任意的random-line dropout 随机线失落random-perturbation optimization 随机扰动最优化random-shaped stones 形状不规则的石块randomization 概率化randomize 使随机化randomized policy 随机化方针randomized strategy 随机化策略randomized test 随机检验randomizer 随机数发生器randomly layered model 随机呈层模型randomness 随机性range accuracy 测距精确度range adjustment 量程调整range ambiguity 距离模糊range calibration 距离校准range coding 距离编码range deviation 射程偏差range direction 距离方向range discrimination 距离鉴别range finder 测距仪range finding apparatus 测距仪range finging 测距range information 距离信息range light 导航灯range line 叠标线range mark 距离标志range marker 导标；距离标识器range measurement system 测距系统range noise 距离噪声range observation 距离测量range of adjustment 调节范围range of applicability 可用性区域range of application 应用范围range of control 控制范围range of current 电流范围range of depreciation 折旧范围range of influence 影响区域range of lost strata 地层缺失范围range of points 点列range of profitability 有利区域range of revolution 转数范围range of size 尺寸范围range of stability 稳定范围range of stress 应力范围range of throughput 输送量范围range of tide 潮差range of uncertainty 不确定度范围range of wave length 波段range oil 灶用煤油range overlap zone 延限重叠带range pile 导桩标杆range processing 距离数据处理range resolution 距离分辨率range restriction 范围限定range rod 测距尺range spring 范围弹簧range swath 地带range sweep 距离扫描range switch 波段开关range transformation 极差变换range 行range-adjusting spring 测程调节弹簧range-amplitude display 距离-幅度显示range-bearing display 距离-方位显示器range-front graben 山前地堑range-range determination 双距定位法range-range mode 距离方式range-range navigation 距-距导航range-redundance 距离重复精度range-to-go 到目标的距离range-zone 延续时限带rangeability 量程ranger 测距仪ranges of mountains 山脉ranging capability 测距本领ranging code 测距码ranging rod 标杆ranging tool 测距仪ranging 测距修正rank correlation 等级相关rank fusinite 后生丝质体rank of a determinant 行列式的秩rank of matrix 矩阵的秩rank stage 煤级阶段rank test 秩检验rank 排ranked data 分级数据rankine cycle 兰金循环rankine scale 兰金温标rankine temperature 兰金温度rankine 兰金度数rankinite 硅钙石ranunculus 毛莨属raob 无线电探空仪观测raoult's and dalton's laws 拉乌尔-道尔顿定律raoult's law 喇乌耳定律rap 相对振幅处理rap-rig 速立脚手架rapakivi 奥长环斑花冈岩；环斑状的rapakivi-syenite 环斑正长岩rapcon 雷达引导进场控制装置rapid analysis 快速分析方法rapid charge 快速充电rapid discharge 快速放电rapid filter 快滤器rapid geomagnetic fluctuation 快速地磁变化rapid geomagnetic variation 快速地磁变化rapid indexing 快速分度rapid mechanical filter 快速机械过滤器rapid memory 快速存储器rapid paper 快速印象纸rapid printer 快速打印机rapid reaction 快速反应rapid recharge 快速补给rapid record oscillgraph 快速记录示波器rapid scanning 快速扫描rapid setting type asphalt 速凝沥青rapid setting 速凝rapid storage 快速存储器rapid 湍流；急滩；快的rapid-access disk 快速存取磁盘rapid-access loop 快速访问环rapid-access memory 快速存取存储器rapid-access storage 快速存取存储器rapid-acting coupling 快速接头rapid-curing asphalt 快干沥青rapid-curing cutback asphalt 快干稀释沥青rapid-ignition-primer ignitor 快速引爆点火器rapid-scan spectrometer 快速扫描分光计rapid-scan spectroradiometer 快速扫描分光辐射计rapidity 速度；迅速rapids 湍流rapidty extensible language 可快速扩充语言rare book 珍本书rare earth element 稀土元素rare earth metal 稀土金属rare element 稀有元素rare gas 稀有气体rare metal 稀有金属rare-acid water 微酸水rare-earth 稀土的；稀土元素rare-metal couple 稀有金属温差电偶rarefaction wave 膨胀波rarefaction 稀释rarefied air 稀薄空气ras 随机存取存储器raschig ring 拉西环rash 在同一时间内接连发生的事；轻率的rasher 薄片raskyella 拉斯基轮藻属rasp 粗锉刀raster display device 光栅显示装置raster display 光栅显象raster element 光栅元raster format 光栅格式raster generator 光栅发生器raster line 光测线raster plotter 栅格绘图机raster scan 光栅扫描raster scanning 光栅扫描raster segment generator 光栅段发生器raster 光栅raster-scan device 光测扫描设备raster-scan digitizing device 栅格扫描数字化仪rat hole bit 小井眼钻头rat hole 鼠洞；井底部小直径井眼rat holing 钻鼠洞；钻井底洞rat 冲击涡轮rat 火箭发射式反潜鱼雷rat 火箭助推鱼雷rat 鼠；告密者；表面凸起；瘤；捕鼠rat-hole elevator 鼠洞吊卡rat-hole scabbard 鼠洞管ratained profit 留存利润ratch 棘轮ratchet box 棘轮箱ratchet cylinder 棘爪汽缸ratchet device 棘轮机构ratchet feed 棘轮给进ratchet gear 棘轮齿轮ratchet handle 棘轮扳手ratchet jack 棘轮起重器ratchet outside line-up clamp 棘轮式外对管器ratchet pawl 棘轮爪ratchet spanner 棘轮扳手ratchet spring 棘爪弹簧ratchet type packer 棘轮型封隔器ratchet wheel 棘轮ratchet wrench 棘轮扳手ratchet =ratchratchet-type wicker thread mechanism 棘齿型搭扣机构ratchet-wheel gear 棘轮装置ratchetting latch 棘爪锁紧装置rate constant 速率常数rate decline curve 产量递减曲线rate equation 速率方程rate gyro 速率陀螺rate gyroscope 速率陀螺仪rate history 产量变化情况rate integrating gyroscope 差率积分陀螺仪rate method 速率法rate network 比率网络rate of advance 前进速度；钻进速度rate of build-up 增斜率rate of cation exchange 阳离子交换率rate of circulation 循环速度rate of compression 压缩率rate of convergence 收敛速度rate of conversion 兑换率rate of curve 曲线斜率rate of cutting 切削速率rate of decay 衰变速度rate of decline 递减速度rate of delivery 输送率rate of deposition 沉积速度rate of depreciation 折旧率rate of descent 沉降率rate of development 发展速度；开发速度rate of deviation change 造斜率rate of deviation 井斜变化率rate of diffusion 扩散速率rate of direction change 方位变化率rate of discharge 排出率；消耗率；放电率rate of discount 贴现率rate of displacement 驱替速度；置换率rate of dividends 股息率。
Disk Image
我们编制了专用的硬盘控制软件， 我们编制了专用的硬盘控制软件，控制硬盘 磁头对盘面进行扫描， 磁头对盘面进行扫描，读出的信号通过示波器采 集并自动保存到主控计算机上。 集并自动保存到主控计算机上。
0.10 0.08 0.06 0.04
Y Axis Title
0.02 0.00 -0.02 -0.04 -0.06 -0.08 -0.10 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
滤波前信号
滤波后信号
在得到经过滤波后的信号后， 在得到经过滤波后的信号后，将信号反映的信息 经适当的图象处理转化， 经适当的图象处理转化，最终得到磁盘表面的磁化状 况图象。 况图象。
最新的图象显示改进实验（ 最新的图象显示改进实验（一）
• 滤波后将信号积分 被滤除、 （SectorNumber被滤除、 被滤除 GrayCode不清晰） 不清晰） 不清晰
• 滤波后直接显示信号幅值的绝对值 （SectorNumber被滤除 被滤除 很清晰） 但GrayCode很清晰） 很清晰
பைடு நூலகம்
最新的图象显示改进实验（ 最新的图象显示改进实验（二）
• 只去白噪声后将信号积分 完整， （SectorNumber完整， 完整 GrayCode不清晰，但有媒 不清晰， 不清晰 介噪声） 介噪声）
• 只去白噪声后直接显示幅值绝对值 完整， （SectorNumber完整，GrayCode 完整 清晰，但有媒介噪声） 清晰，但有媒介噪声）
MFM/AFM/DiskImage 盘片刮伤显示效果比较
MFM
20X20um
AFM 磁道方向
20X20um
DiskImage
1Sectorx22Track
Disk Image 不仅可以作为简洁高效的磁盘 故障分析工具，而且作为有效的磁场分析工具， 故障分析工具，而且作为有效的磁场分析工具， 能够在开发下一代基于垂直读写技术的硬盘等多 项技术中起到重要的作用， 项技术中起到重要的作用，是一项非常实用的硬 盘分析技术。 盘分析技术。
NUVOTON NUC970 NUC980系列微控制器基于系统设计的应用指南说明书
OTA Update on U-BootApplication Note for NUC970/NUC980 SeriesDocument InformationAbstract This application note introduces how to do OTA firmware update onu-boot.Apply to NUC970/NUC980 series.The information described in this document is the exclusive intellectual property of Nuvoton Technology Corporation and shall not be reproduced without permission from Nuvoton. Nuvoton is providing this document only for reference purposes of NuMicro microcontroller based system design.Nuvoton assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions.All data and specifications are subject to change without notice.For additional information or questions, please contact: Nuvoton Technology Corporation.Table of Contents1OVERVIEW (3)2NUWRITER (5)2.1Related Resources (5)3FIRMWARE UPDATE APPLICATION - FWUPDATE (6)3.1Compile and Program fwupdate (6)3.2Use fwupdate to Write Image on Flash (6)4OTA_UPDATE COMMAND ON U-BOOT (8)4.1Create ota_update.c (8)4.2Create check_crc.h and check_crc.c (11)4.2.1C reate check_crc.h (11)4.2.2C reate check_crc.c (11)4.3Create crc_checksum.h and crc_checksum.c (12)4.3.1C reate crc_checksum.h (12)4.3.2C reate crc_checksum.c (12)4.4Compile u-boot and Linux Kernel (13)4.5Modify env.txt (13)5CONCLUSION (15)1 OverviewThis application note introduces how to do OTA firmware update on u-boot space. In the past, everyone usually updates firmware on user space. If a device is powered off during updating, it will cause damage to the device kernel. Therefore, Nuvoton provides a method to keep the original Linux kernel complete, and checks whether the new firmware update is completed or not.This method separates Flash into four mtdpartitions: u-boot, original Linux kernel, new Linux kernel, and root filesystem, as shown in Figure 1-1. You need to pack the new Linux kernel into package by NuWriter and download the package to the root filesystem. Then use fwupdate to write the package to Flash and use ota_update to update the Linux kernel. After ota_update in u-boot environment variable is set up, it will be executed and do OTA firmware update.Figure 1-1 Flash PartitionThe OTA update flowchart is shown in Figure1-2. First, you need to pack the new Linux kernel by NuWriter. When NuWriter packs the Linux kernel, it will attach a header file such that the fwupdate writes the package to a specified Flash address.ota_update reads and compares Img1’s and Img2’s image header file to decide if firmware will be updated or not. If Img1 and Img2 are the same, system will not be updated and will boot from Img1. If Img1 is damaged or system needs to be updated, ota_update will check Img2 checksum to ensure Img2 is completed. If Img2 is completed, ota_update will copy Img2 to Img1’s Flash address and reboot. However, if the Img1 and Img2 are all damaged, system will not boot up, then stop booting at u-boot to avoid rebooting repeatedly, and send a warning message.∙fwupdate: A Linux command to write package to Flash∙ota_update: A u-boot command to update the Linux kernel∙Img1: The original Linux kernel image∙Img2: The new Linux kernel image∙CRC checksum: Used to check the image completenessFigure1-2 ota_update Flowchart2 NuWriterThe NuWriter is a programing tool provided by Nuvoton. The NuWriter application and firmware code are open sourced, and user can add new features or develop new user interfaces per user’s application. The NuWriter tool uses chip’s USB ISP mode with windows application on the PC by USB device for data transmission to program the image file to different storage devices. On-board ROM device includes NAND Flash, SPI Flash, eMMC/SD, and SPI NAND Flash.2.1 Related ResourcesRefer to Pack mode section in NuWriter User Manual for how to pack Linux kernel. You can download the NuWriter User Manual from Nuvoton’s official website:∙NuWriter for NUC970 User Manual can be found in N9H30_emWin_Non-OS_BSP_v1.04: https:///resource-download.jsp?tp_GUID=SW1820200910090527∙NuWriter source code for NUC970 series:https:///OpenNuvoton/NUC970_NuWriter∙NuWriter for NUC980 User Manual can be found in NUC980_Linux-4.4_BSP_v1.03.000.zip: https:///resource-download.jsp?tp_GUID=SW1820200909165814∙NuWriter source code for NUC980 series:https:///OpenNuvoton/NUC980_NuWriter3 Firmware Update Application - fwupdateNuvoton provides fwupdate to write package generated by NuWriter to Flash. The package can include uboot, Linux kernel, and env.txt. However, only Linux kernel is included here.Refer to Nuvoton NUC970/NUC980 Application Note “Create R oot Filesystem on Flash” for how to create root filesystem on Flash.3.1 Compile and Program fwupdateThe fwupdate can be found in the nuc980bsp:~/NUC970_Buildroot/nuc980bsp/application/demos/fwupdateCompile fwupdate through make command.~/NUC970_Buildroot/nuc980bsp/application/demos/fwupdate$ makeIt will generate an fwupdate binary file, and copy it to the target folder.~/NUC970_Buildroot/nuc980bsp/application/demos/fwupdate$ cp fwupdate/home/user/Buildroot/NUC980_IIOT/NUC970_Buildroot/output/target/usr/bin/Compile and program Linux kernel to device, and use fwupdate command.3.2 Use fwupdate to Write Image on Flashfwupdate application usage:-p, --pack, path of pack file-w, --whole, name of MTD partition and this partition must contain whole Flash address-h, --help, helpUse fwupdate command in the device terminal to write “New_Pack_Image” package to Flash. The Flash address can be defined in NuWriter. “New_Pack_Image” package file is created by NuWriter pack mode. Refer to the “Modify env.txt” section. The name “WHOLE” is one of MTD partition can be defined in u-boot environment variable.$fwupdate –p New_Pack_Image –w WHOLEFigure 3-1 NuWriter Pack Mode4 ota_update Command on U-Bootota_update checks the two image’s CRC n umber. If the two CRC numbers are not the same, ota_update will check new Linux kernel completeness for firmware update. ota_update consists of five C language files in the u-boot.∙ota_update.c∙check_crc.c∙check_crc.h∙crc_checksum.c∙crc_checksum.hAdd the following text in Makefile to compiling function above.Open the Makefile in common folder.~/NUC970_Buildroot/output/build/uboot-master/common$ gedit MakefileAdd the following code:obj-y += ota_update.oobj-y += check_crc.oobj-y += crc_checksum.o4.1 Create ota_update.cGo to the /Buildroot/NUC980_IIOT/NUC970_Buildroot/output/build/uboot-master/common folder and create a file named ota_update.c. The code is shown below:#include <common.h>#include <command.h>#include "check_crc.h"#include "crc_checksum.h"#include <spi.h>#include <spi_flash.h>#include <mapmem.h>#include <div64.h>#include <dm.h>#include <malloc.h>#include <asm/io.h>#define SPI_MODE_0 (0|0)extern int check_crc(char* addr1, char* addr2);extern int crc_checksum(char* image_number, char* image_addr);extern int do_reset(cmd_tbl_t *cmdtp, int flag, int argc, char * const argv[]);extern int do_bootm(cmd_tbl_t *cmdtp, int flag, int argc, char * const argv[]);//argv[0]=ota_update argv[1]=image1_ram_offset argv[2]=image2_ram_offsetargv[3]=image1_flash_offset argv[4]=image2_flash_offset argv[5]=image_sizestatic int ota_update(cmd_tbl_t *cmdtp, int flag, int argc, char * const argv[]){ int check_crc_flag = 0;char* bootm[]={"bootm",argv[1]};int otaupdate_flag=0;//0 boot from image1; 1 image 1 and 2 are damaged;if(argc!=6)return CMD_RET_USAGE;check_crc_flag=check_crc(argv[1],argv[2]);if(check_crc_flag==1){printf("CRC check is the same, check image 1 ...\n");if(crc_checksum("1",argv[1])){printf("Boot from Image 1\n");do_bootm(cmdtp,0,2,bootm);}else{printf("Image 1 is damaged, check image 2 ...\n");if(crc_checksum("2",argv[2])){printf("Prepare copy image 2 to 1\n");otaupdate_flag=0;}else{printf("Image 1 and 2 are damaged\n");otaupdate_flag=1;}}}else{printf("image 1's crc and 2's crc are different, check image 2 ...\n");if(crc_checksum("2",argv[2])){printf("Prepare copy image 2 to 1\n");otaupdate_flag=0;}else{printf("Image 2 is damaged, check Image 1\n");if(crc_checksum("1",argv[1])){printf("Boot from Image 1\n");do_bootm(cmdtp,0,2,bootm);}else{printf("Image 1 and 2 are damaged\n");otaupdate_flag=1;}}}return otaupdate_flag;}U_BOOT_CMD(ota_update,6,0,ota_update,"Check two image if update the kernel or not", "ota_update [addr1] [addr2]\n"" addr1 is original kernel ram address\n"" addr2 is new kernel ram address\n");4.2 Create check_crc.h and check_crc.c4.2.1 Create check_crc.hGo to the /Buildroot/NUC980_IIOT/NUC970_Buildroot/output/build/uboot-master/common folder and create a file named as check_crc.h. The code is shown below:int check_crc(char* addr1, char* addr2);4.2.2 Create check_crc.ccheck_crc will read two image’s header to check CRC number if they are the same or not. This function need to input two RAM address, then it will return CRC number the same or not.Go to the /Buildroot/NUC980_IIOT/NUC970_Buildroot/output/build/uboot-master/common folder and create a file named as check_crc.c.The code is shown below:#include <common.h>#include <command.h>#include <image.h>#include <mapmem.h>#include "crc_checksum.h"#include "check_crc.h"int do_spi_flash_probe(int argc, char * const argv[]);int do_spi_flash_read_write(int argc, char * const argv[]);int check_crc(char* addr1, char* addr2){ulong addr;addr = simple_strtoul(addr1, NULL, 16);void *hdr = (void *)map_sysmem(addr, 0);ulong Image1crc=image_get_hcrc(hdr);printf("Image 1 crc=%ld\n",Image1crc);addr = simple_strtoul(addr2, NULL, 16);hdr = (void *)map_sysmem(addr, 0);ulong Image2crc=image_get_hcrc(hdr);printf("Image 2 crc=%ld\n",Image2crc);if(Image1crc==Image2crc)return 1;elsereturn 0;}4.3 Create crc_checksum.h and crc_checksum.c4.3.1 Create crc_checksum.hGo to the /Buildroot/NUC980_IIOT/NUC970_Buildroot/output/build/uboot-master/common folder and create a file named as crc_checksum.h. The code is shown below:int crc_checksum(char* image_number, char* image_addr);4.3.2 Create crc_checksum.ccrc_checksum will use CRC32 to check the whole image. crc_checksum needs to input image number and RAM address, and then it will return the image is complete or not.Go to the /Buildroot/NUC980_IIOT/NUC970_Buildroot/output/build/uboot-master/common folder and create a file named as crc_checksum.c. The code is shown below:#include <common.h>#include <command.h>#include <image.h>#include <mapmem.h>#include "crc_checksum.h"int crc_checksum(char* image_number, char* image_addr){ulong addr;addr = simple_strtoul(image_addr, NULL, 16);void *hdr = (void *)map_sysmem(addr, 0);int hcrc_flag=image_check_hcrc(hdr);if(hcrc_flag==0){printf("Image %s Check Fail\n",image_number);return 0;}int dcrc_flag=image_check_dcrc(hdr);printf("Image %s Header Check =%d\n",image_number,hcrc_flag);printf("Image %s Data Check =%d\n",image_number,dcrc_flag);if((hcrc_flag+dcrc_flag)==2){printf("Image %s Check Ok\n",image_number);return 1;}else{printf("Image %s Check Fail\n",image_number);return 0;}}4.4 Compile u-boot and Linux KernelCompile u-boot under uboot-master folder and program it to device.~/NUC970_Buildroot/output/build/uboot-master$ makeCompile Linux kernel under Buildroot folder and program it to device.~/NUC970_Buildroot$ make4.5 Modify env.txtPlease refer to the Application Note “Create Root Filesystem on Flash” for how the u-boot environment variable is set up. You can modify env.txt shown below to execute ota_update. Besides, there is a difference between NOR Flash and NAND Flash. NAND Flash needs to use nand command and NOR Flash needs to use sf command.∙image1_flash_offset: Img1 Flash offset∙image2_flash_offset: Img2 Flash offset∙image_size: kernel image’s size∙image1_ram_offset: the RAM address offset which is put Img1∙image2_ram_offset: the RAM address offset which is put Img2∙loadkernel1, loadkernel2: read Flash to RAM∙eraseflash: erase Img1 Flash∙copykernel: copy Img2 to Img1 on FlashNAND Flash env.txt is shown below:baudrate=115200bootdelay=1stderr=serialstdin=serialstdout=serialimage1_flash_offset=0x200000image2_flash_offset=0x800000image_size=0x600000image1_ram_offset=0x7fc0image2_ram_offset=0x800000loadkernel1=nand read ${image1_ram_offset} ${image1_flash_offset} ${image_size}loadkernel2=nand read ${image2_ram_offset} ${image2_flash_offset} ${image_size}eraseflash=nand erase ${image1_flash_offset} ${image_size}copykernel=nand write ${image2_ram_offset} ${image1_flash_offset} ${image_size}bootcmd=run loadkernel1;run loadkernel2;if ota_update ${image1_ram_offset}${image2_ram_offset} ${image1_flash_offset} ${image2_flash_offset} ${image_size};then run eraseflash;run copykernel;reset;fi;bootargs=noinitrd root=/dev/mtdblock4 rootfstype=yaffs2 rootflags=inband-tagsconsole=ttyS0 rdinit=/sbin/init mem=64Mmtdparts=nand0:0x2000000@0x0(WHOLE),0x200000@0x0(u-boot),0x600000@0x200000(kernel1),0x600000@0x800000(kernel2),-(user) ignore_loglevelNOR Flash env.txt is shown below:baudrate=115200bootdelay=1stderr=serialstdin=serialstdout=serialimage1_flash_offset=0x200000image2_flash_offset=0x800000image_size=0x600000image1_ram_offset=0x7fc0image2_ram_offset=0x800000setspi=sf probe 0 30000000loadkernel1=sf read ${image1_ram_offset} ${image1_flash_offset} ${image_size}loadkernel2=sf read ${image2_ram_offset} ${image2_flash_offset} ${image_size}eraseflash=sf erase ${image1_flash_offset} ${image_size}copykernel=sf write ${image2_ram_offset} ${image1_flash_offset} ${image_size}bootcmd=run setspi;run loadkernel1;run loadkernel2;if ota_update ${image1_ram_offset} ${image2_ram_offset} ${image1_flash_offset} ${image2_flash_offset} ${image_size};then run eraseflash;run copykernel;reset;fi;bootargs=noinitrd root=/dev/mtdblock4 rw rootfstype=jffs2 console=ttyS0 rdinit=/sbin/init mem=64M mtdparts=m25p80:0x2000000@0x0(WHOLE),0x200000@0x0(u-boot),0x600000@0x200000(kernel1),0x600000@0x800000(kernel2),-(user) ignore_loglevel5 ConclusionThe ota_update function updates Linux kernel on u-boot to keep the original kernel work normally until the new kernel is verified completely. This can avoid copying the damaged kernel to original kernel. If the original kernel is damaged because of updating failed, ota_update will retry updating the new kernel until update is successful. If you want to update the whole image including u-boot, u-boot environment, Linux kernel, and root filesystem, you still can use NuWriter and fwupdate to update. You can pack u-boot, u-boot environment, Linux kernel, root filesystem as a package, and use fwupdate command to write the package into Flash. Updating the whole kernel must be performed carefully because it may damage the original image.Revision HistoryDate Revision Description2021.07.18 1.00 1. Initially issued.2023.04.25 1.01 2. Add more descriptions in section 3AN0062Important NoticeNuvoton Products are neither intended nor warranted for usage in systems or equipment, any malfunction or failure of which may cause loss of human life, bodily injury or severe property damage. Such applications are deemed, “Insecure Usage”.Insecure usage includes, but is not limited to: equipment for surgical implementation, atomic energy control instruments, airplane or spaceship instruments, the control or operation of dynamic, brake or safety systems designed for vehicular use, traffic signal instruments, all types of safety devices, and other applications intended to support or sustain life.All Insecure Usage shall be made at customer’s risk, and in the event that third partieslay claims toNuvoton as a result of customer’s Insecure Usage, custom er shall indemnify the damages and liabilities thus incurred by Nuvoton.。
机动车安全技术检验机构检验
Estimate # of added disks
Horizontal strips Each disk appears once.
Estimate # of added disks
# of added disks for P(0) + # of added disks for P(-2) + ··· + # of added disks for P(-a+2)
O(a 2)
O(a 2)
O(a 2)
O(a 2)
n1 + n2 + ···+ nk < n
Approximation Algorithm
For x=0, -2, …, -(a-2), compute S(x). Choose minimum one from S(0), S(-2), …, S(-a+2).
component
1
Construct PTAS
For each partition P(a,a), construct C(a) as follows: 1. In each cell, construct MCDS for each connected
component in the inner area. 2. Connect those minimum connected dominating sets with a part of 8-approximation lying in boundary area. Choose smallest C(a) for a = 0, h+1, 2(h+1), ….
戴尔Unity XT存储阵列规格说明书
存储戴尔 Unity XT 存储阵列专为实现高性能和简化多云之旅而设计，并针对效率提升进行了优化，旨在简化 IT 转型过程并释放数据资本的全部潜能。
与之前的戴尔 Unity 型号相比，HFA 和 AFA 这两种 Unity XT 阵列的内存更大，IOPS 最多提高了 2 倍，驱动器数量最多增加了 50%。
这些经济高效的存储系统配备了双主动控制器，并包含一组丰富的全包式企业级软件。
Unity XT AFA 可保障实现未来无忧的 3:1 数据缩减率，而 Unity XT HFA 非常适合不需要 NVMe 体系结构的速度和低延迟的工作负载。
体系结构Unity XT 存储系统实施适用于数据块、文件和 VMware vVols 的集成统一体系结构，并行支持本机 NAS、iSCSI 和 Fibre Channel 协议。
每个系统均采用双主动存储处理器，完整的 12 Gb SAS 后端连接和戴尔的专利多核体系结构操作环境，从而在多云互操作性方面提供出色的性能和效率。
通过磁盘阵列存储模块 (DAE) 添加额外存储容量。
物理规格连接通过夹层卡和 IO 模块提供连接选项，包括用于文件的 NFS/SMB 连接，以及用于数据块存储的 FC 和 iSCSI 主机连接（有关每个 SP 支持的模块数量，请参阅上表）。
最大缆线长度短波光纤 OM4：125 米 (16 Gb)、190 米 (8 Gb)、400 米 (4 Gb) 和 500 米 (2 Gb)后端（驱动器）连接每个存储处理器分别连接到四路 12 Gb/s 串行连接 SCSI (SAS) 总线的两个冗余配置对的一端，让主机在存储处理器或总线发生故障时能够持续访问驱动器。
所有型号都需要四个“系统”驱动器，支持的最大磁盘数量根据平台而有所不同（请参阅上面的物理规格表）。
操作环境软件和数据结构在 Dell Unity XT 380 型号的每个系统驱动器上占据 107 GB 容量，在 Dell Unity XT 480、680 和 880 型号上占据 150 GB 容量。
Dell Unity XT 全闪存存储阵列说明书
数据表Dell Unity XT 全闪存存储阵列为多云世界而打造的理想存储产品要点•可扩展：2U 设计为您的投资提供了未来无忧保障；可扩展到 1500 个驱动器和16 PB 的原始容量，或 48 PB 的有效容量•强大：双插槽英特尔™ CPU，两个主动控制器，可提升性能和可用性•简单：使用直观、简便、基于 Web (HTML5) 的管理界面，在几分钟内完成安装和配置•高效：通过线内数据缩减（重复数据消除、压缩、零检测）保证 3:1 DRR，提供更有效的可用容量•多云：从多种云部署选项中进行选择，有助于简化 IT、降低成本和复杂性好处•投资保护：通过控制器在线就地升级，经济高效地扩展系统•整合：将混合工作负载（文件、数据块、vVol 数据）整合到单个阵列中•全包式软件：每个 Unity XT AFA 都配有全包式软件，让您可以轻松购买和拥有该产品。
•DevOps：利用免费 DevOps 插件技术扩展Unity XT AFA 操作•灵活性：作为物理设备、软件定义的虚拟设备部署，或包含在戴尔融合基础架构中•Metro Node：城域范围内真正的主动-主动同步复制。
精心设计以保证高性能Dell Unity XT 全闪存阵列 (AFA) 的起步配置是小巧的 2U 外形规格，采用为全闪存性能而设计的现代化体系结构。
Unity XT AFA 充分利用全新英特尔™双插槽处理器和大型控制器内存，与以前的 Dell Unity 型号相比，IOPS 性能翻倍。
此全闪存设计包括线性多核心扩展、针对数据块和文件的具有零检测能力的线内数据缩减、基于驱动器固件的零影响垃圾收集、可更大限度减少 IO 的写入合并、智能化耗损均衡功能，以及高达 15.36 TB 的高密度 SSD。
针对效率进行了优化通过线内压缩和重复数据消除，客户可以实现无需评估、有保障的 3:1 数据缩减率，从而在一定程度上抵消数据的增长。
用户可以应用此 DRR 来配置具有 80 个驱动器 3U 扩展存储模块和 15.36 TB SSD 的密集型 Unity XT AFA 基本型号，每个机架单元可高达 900 TBe。
DiskGenius软件使用手册
DiskGenius软件帮助目录一、程序主界面 (3)二、分区操作帮助 (6)1、创建新分区2、激活分区(设置活动分区)3、删除分区4、格式化分区(快速格式化)5、隐藏分区6、更改分区详细参数7、无损分区大小调整8、拆分分区9、分配/删除盘符10、备份分区到镜像文件11、从镜像文件还原分区12、复制分区13、智能加载NTFS分区14、误删除或误格式化后的文件恢复15、按指定文件类型恢复文件16、快速分区17、设置卷标18、在主分区和逻辑分区之间转换分区类型19、清除扇区数据三、硬盘操作帮助 (46)1、搜索已丢失分区(重建分区表)2、重建主引导记录(重建MBR)3、复制(克隆)硬盘4、备份与还原分区表5、制作USB启动盘(FDD、ZIP、HDD)6、坏道检测与修复7、快速分区8、删除所有分区9、清除保留扇区10、转换分区表类型11、分区表错误检查与更正12、清除扇区数据13、虚拟重组RAID14、指定硬盘参数15、对动态磁盘的支持四、虚拟硬盘及映像文件帮助 (74)1、创建VMWare虚拟硬盘文件2、创建Virtual PC虚拟硬盘文件。
3、创建VirtualBox虚拟硬盘文件。
4、创建".img"磁盘映像文件5、操作虚拟硬盘及其分区6、重组虚拟Raid五、文件操作帮助 (83)1、显示文件列表(浏览文件)2、文件预览3、从分区复制文件4、复制文件到当前分区5、强制删除文件6、彻底删除文件7、建立文件夹六、其它 (95)1、重新启动系统并运行DOS版DiskGenius软件2、切换简体与繁体语言界面DiskGenius 软件主界面DiskGenius的主界面由三部分组成。
分别是：硬盘分区结构图、分区目录层次图、分区参数图。
如下图所示：其中，硬盘分区结构图用不同的颜色显示了当前硬盘的各个分区。
用文字显示了分区卷标、盘符、类型、大小。
逻辑分区使用了网格表示，以示区分。
用绿色框圈示的分区为“当前分区”。
CENTER TECHNOLOGY 322 Data Logger SOUND LEVEL METE
CONTENTSTitle PageINFORMATION (1)I. SAFETYEnvironment conditions (1)Maintenance & Clearing (1)Safety symbols (1)II. GENERAL DESCRIPTION (2)III. SPECIFICATIONS (2)IV. NAME AND FUNCTIONS (5)V. CLOCK & INTV SETUP (6)DataLogger (6)Clock Setup (6)Recording Interval Setup (7)Auto Power Off (7)VI.CALIBRATION PROCEDURES (7)VII .MEASUREMENT PREPARATION (8)VIII. OPERATING PRECAUTIONS (8)IX. MEASUREMENT (9)X. Setup TestLink SE-322 (Sound Level Meter)—RS232 interface software (9)Read the following safety information carefully before attempting to operate or service the meter.Use the meter only as specified in this manual; otherwise, the protection provided by the meter may be impaired.Environment conditionsAltitude up to 2000 metersRelatively humidity 90% max.Operation Ambient 0 ~ 40℃Maintenance & ClearingRepairs or servicing not covered in this manual should only be performed by qualified personnel.II. GENERAL DESCRIPTIONThank you for using our Data Logger Sound Level Meter. To ensure that you can get the most from it, we recommend that you read and follow the manual carefully before use.This unit conforms to the IEC651 type2, ANSI S1.4 Type2 for Sound Level Meters.This Data Logger Sound Level Meter internal memory can keep up to 32000 records.(Note 1.)It uses RS232 interface to perform bi-directional communication with PC.Note1:Every time you press “REC” button to start recording data and press “REC” button again to stop recording, there will be a data set in memory, you can store as many data sets as you want unit memory is full.Standard applied : IEC651 Type2, ANSI S1.4 Type2.Frequency range : 31.5Hz ~ 8KHzMeasuring level range : 30 ~ 130dBFrequency weighting : A / CMicrophone : 1/2 inch electret condenser microphoneDisplay : LCDDigital display : 4 digitsResolution: 0.1dBDisplay Update: 0.5 sec.Analog display : 50 segment bargraphResolution : 1dBDisplay Update : 50 mSTime weighting : FAST ( 125mS ), SLOW ( 1 sec. )Level ranges : Lo : 30 – 80 dBMed : 50 – 100 dBHi : 80 – 130 dBAuto : 30 – 130 dBAccuracy : ±1.5dB ( under reference conditions @ 94dB, 1KHz )Dynamic range : 100 dBAlarm function : “OVER” is when input is more than upper limit of range.“ UNDER ” is when input is Less than lower limit of range. MAX/MIN hold : Hold readings the Maximum and Minimum Value.AC output : 1 Vrms at FS ( full scale ).Output impedance : Approx. 100ΩFS: means the upper limit of each level range.DC output : 10mV / dB , output impedance approx. 1KΩPower supply : One 9V battery, 006P or IEC 6F22 or NEDA 1604.Power life : About 50hrs ( alkaline battery )AC adapter : Voltage 9 VDC ( 8-15VDC Max )Supply current : > 30mADC Socket : pin → GroundCasing →Positive External Diameter → 3.5mmInternal Diameter → 1.35mmRF field = 3V/mTotal accuracy = specified accuracy + 0.5dBOperation temperature : 0 to 40℃( 32 to 104℉ )Operation humidity : 10 to 90%RHStorage temperature : -10 to 60℃( 14 to 140℉ )Storage humidity : 10 to 75%RHDimensions : 275 (L) ×64 (W) ×30 (H)mm10.8 (L) ×2.5 (W) ×1.2 (H)inchWeight : 285g ( including battery )Accessories : 9V battery, carrying case, Screwdriver, Instruction manual.Windscreen, 3.5ψplug, software, RS-232 cable.Note: When the user power it on, the LCD will show how much memoryDisplay : dBATime weighting : FASTMeasurement mode : MAX MIN Mode function disable.Level range : 50 to 100dB(2) Insert the microphone housing carefully into the insertion hole of thecalibrator.(3) Turn on the switch of calibrator and adjust the CAL potentiometer of theunit . The level display will indicate the desired level .All products are well calibrated before shipment.Recommended Recalibration cycle : 1 year.VII. MEASUREMENT PREPARATION(1) Battery LoadingRemove the battery cover on the back and put in one 9V Battery.(2) Battery Replacement(3) AC Adapter ConnectionWhen the AC adapter is used , insert the plugs of the adapter into the DC9V connector on the side panel.VIII. OPERATING PRECAUTIONS(1) Wind blowing across the microphone would bring additionalextraneous noise.When using the instrument in the presence of wind , it is a must to mount the windscreen to not pick up undesirable signals.(2) Calibrate the instrument before operation if the instrument was not in usefor a long time or operated in bad environment.(3) Do not store or operate the instrument at high temperature and highhumidity environment.(4) Keep microphone dry and avoid severe vibration.(5) Please take out the battery and keep the instrument in low humidityenvironment. When not in use.(1) Open battery cover and install a 9V battery in the battery compartment.(2) Turn power on and select the desired response Time and Weighting. If thesound source consists of short bursts or only catching sound peak, set response to FAST. To measure average sound level, use the SLOW setting.Select A-weighting for general noise sound level and C-weighting for measuring sound level of acoustic material.(3) Select desired Level.(4) Hold the instrument comfortably in hand or fix on tripod and point themicrophone at the suspected noise source , the sound pressure level will be displayed.(5) When MAX MIN ( maximum, minimum hold ) mode is chosen. Theinstrument captures and holds the maximum and minimum noise level for a long period using any of the time weightings and ranges.Press the MAX MIN button 2 seconds to clear the MAX/MIN reading .“ MAX/MIN ” symbol disappears.(6) Turn OFF the instrument and remove battery when not in use.X. Setup TestLink SE-322 (Sound Level Meter)—RS232 interface software:The TestLink package contains:1.80mm CD.2.Custom designed RS232 cable for TestLink.System Required:Windows 95 or Windows 98 or Windows NT 4.0 above.Minimum Hardware Required:PC or NoteBook with Pentium 90MHz or higher, 32 MB RAM ;At least 5 MB byte hard disk space available to install TestLink.Recommended resolution 800X600.1.We recommend close all other application before installing TestLink.2.Insert setup CD disk to CD disk drive.3.Choose the Start button on the Taskbar and select Run.4.Type E:\SETUP and choose OK, then it will copy SE322.exe ( executablefile ) and help file to your hard disk ( default is c:\program files\TestLink\SE322 ).For detailed other operation instruction, please refer to the online help while executing SE322.Main MenuFile | Open- Retrieve files from the disk.Save - Save the active window(when the caption bar is highlighted) data to the disk.Print - Print the data of the active window(graph or list).Printer Setup - Select printer.File | Exit:Terminates TestLink program.View | Control Panel:By opening the Panel Window, the user can control meter via the button in this window.View | Real-Time Graph:Open Real-Time Graph display to graph the present data.Real Time Data | Run - Start collecting real time data .Stop - Stop collecting real time data .DataLogger: By opening the DataLogger Window, the user can load recorded data of meter to PC in this window.Output To Graph - Graphing tabular data .interface. For better result, the user may close the panel window .GraphTool Bar- Display or hide Statistic1.- Display or hide Statistic2.- Normal cursor.- When selected, the mouse cursor will become a cross sign when moving to the graph, click on the graph to mark a cross sign on thegraph.- When selected, the mouse cursor will become a "I" sign when moving to the graph, click on the graph to annotate.- Color graph.- Monochrome graph.There are two vertical line (CURSOR A and CURSOR B)in the graph. There are time and value display on top and right side of each cursor. You can move mouse cursor over cursor A or B and click to drag cursor to move left or right. Right below cursor A and B is a slider. You can also click and drag slider to move cursor A or B. Below the slider is the statistic, it displays start time, sampling rate, data number,maximum and minimum of the graph. The statistic also displays the maximum, minimum and average between cursor A and B and these data will update automatically when cursor A or B is moving.You can double click the graph to call the option dialog. In option dialog, it is allowed to customize your graph style.And you can right click the graph(real time graph is not allowed) to call out the popup menu.You can Zoom this graph by using mouse:To Zoom:1. Press the left mouse button and drag the cursor to select the newextents.2. Release the mouse button.To Undo the Zoom - Right click on the graph, there will be a pop-up menu, select Undo Zoom .DataLoggerselect "DataLogger" from main menu or click from tool bar to load recoreded data from the meter and there will be a progress indicator to show the loading progress. if error occurs, just click "DataLogger" again.After the data was loaded, the left hand side will show how many data sets were loaded and detail information for each data set (start data, start time, recording rate and record numbers).for examples:It will transfer first data set to graph and tabular on the right hand side every time after you load recorded data from the Sound Level Meter and you can click at any data set to change the set for graph.On the right hand side is the waveform graph and statistic of the data set you choose. In reference to graph.Tutorial - Quick Start to Use SE322 TestLink(1.) Recording real time data in waveform.1.Power on the Sound Level Meter first and connect it to a PC RS-232serial port wit the cable(SE-300)2.Start SE322 program.3.If the connection is successful the panel will display the same value asthe Sound Level Meter. If fail to connect the meter with PC, it will display "No Connection" on the panel window in TestLink Se322.4.When the connection is successful , click to start recording real timedata and there will be a waveform on the Real Time Graph Window.5.Click to start recording .(2.) How to save the recorded real time data to a file ?1.Click the graph window you want to save and the graph window willbecome active , then choose File | Save from main menu or clickfrom the tool bar .2. There will be a save dialog window for you to choose the file name andfile type to save.There are three types of file name you can choose, binary file(*.ghf), text file(*.txt) and EXCEL format file(*.csv). The *.ghf file use much fewer disk space to save the data than the other two file format, but it can only be used in TestLink SE322. Text file can be opened by TestLink SE322 and any other word processor program like word, notepad etc. EXCEL format file can be opened by TestLink SE322 and Microsoft EXCEL.(3.) How to load the recorded data from the memory of Sound Level Meterand save it to a file ?(Only for the model with Data Logger)1. Power on the Sound Level Meter.2. Press the REC button of the meter to start recording data .3. After a while, press REC button again to stop recording data.4. Connect the Sound Level Meter to PC5. Start SE322 program.6. Choose Data Logger from main menu or click from tool bar.7.In reference to Data Logger , see DataLogger.1.I had connected Sound Level Meter to PC serial port and turned meter power on, but it still show "NO CONNECTION".Answer: It could be that all serial port are occupied by other application, close all other application . If it still don't work. Restart your computer and run TestLink SE322 again.2. How can I save the graph to a file which can be used in EXCEL ? Answer: When you save a graph to a file , the default file format is "*.ghf" and you can select *.csv to save files. CSV is an EXCEL file format.You can open it in EXCEL.3.How to uninstall TestLink SE322 ?Answer:Uninstall TestLink SE322 by launching the Add/Remove Programs applet out of the Control Panel, highlighting the SE322, and clicking on the Add/Remove... push button, then it will remove the SE322 folder and files from your computer.4.Why loading data fail?Answer:This might cause by the slow respond from some of the notebook PC system.5.How to zoom the graph?Answer: Press the left mouse button and drag the cursor to select the new extents, then release the mouse button.6.When I setup the real time sampling with a fast rate(eg. 0.1 sec), Some of the sampling data might be lost.Answer: This might be caused by slow response time of the PC.。
联想凌拓DM系列存储平台简介
DM240ION MAPPING
DM7000F* DM7000H DM5000F* DM5000H DM3000H
DM240S (2U24) ▪ 24 x 2.5" drives
DM600S (4U60) ▪ 60 x 3.5" or 2.5" drives ▪ High Density Offering
480 HDDs/SSDs
DM120s, DM240s, DM600s
275K IOPs
DM7000F SPECIFICATION OVERVIEW
▪ Active-Active Controllers ▪ Unified Storage
Form Factor Cache Array Base host ports per system
Maximum host connectivity ports
Drive expansion ports Maximum drives Expansion support System performance (100% 8KB random read @ 1ms)
Lenovo DM7000F
3U
256GB
联想凌拓DM 系列存储平台简介
LENOVO OFFERING OVERVIEW
All Flash
UNIFIED
➢ Maximum performance
➢ Latency sensitive apps
➢ Mission critical workload Hybrid ➢ Cost effective
A700s
All-Flash
A700
Apollo (NVMe)
富士通 PRAID EP400i EP420i 存储设备控制器数据表说明书
Data SheetFujitsu PRAID EP400i / EP420iRAID Controller SAS 12Gbit/s 1GB or 2GB cache based on LSI MegaRAID® for internal storage devices The RAID architecture (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) combines multiple storage devices, including hard drives and NVMe devices, into a single logical unit. Redundancy data is generated from data segments (barring RAID 0) and distributed across the devices. Consequently, operating systems interact with this collective array rather than the individual devices. The core purpose of RAID is to enhance data availability, reducing potential disruptions from storage devices failures. The effectiveness of a RAID setup largely depends on the RAID controller in use.Choose Fujitsu RAID controllers for a blend of modern technology and proven experience,providing the data protection that businesses need today.PRAID EP400i / EP420iThe Fujitsu RAID ControllerPRAID EP400i with 8ports sets new speed and data security standards for internal storage drives. The RAID stack isbased on the LSI MegaRAID® and offers high data throughput, a comprehensive fault tolerancefunction and user-friendly management options.Moreover, the Controller management is integrated seamlessly into the Fujitsu server managementconcept. All controller functions are supported by the Fujitsu ServerView RAID Manager. The PRAIDEP400i is designed for backward compatibility with 3Gbit/s SAS as well as with 6Gbit/s and 3Gbit/sSATA hard drives. Regardless of the drive speed, itdelivers significant performance improvements in both read and write applications. Due to the support of 64-bit addressing, a robust set of RAID features and demanding error tolerance functions the controller provides high RAID performance and data availability. Powerful online management service programs (Fujitsu ServerView RAIDManager), which are simple to operate and quick to install, provide the administrator with unparalleled flexibility and access to the arrays. The RAIDcontroller supports all of the important RAID levels including RAID 6 and 60. The optional flash battery backup (FBU) combined with TFM module ensures the integrity of the data stored in the cache on the RAID controller in case of a power outage. In this event, the data will be copied to a non-volatile flash memory (TFM). The FBU provides a low-priced alternative to an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) and, when compared to battery backup up units (BBU), enables a long-term, secure store ofdata and better serviceability. Always select FBU and TFM module in combination.The Advanced Software Options in combination with Solid State Disks in front of HDD volumes can create high-capacity,high-performance controllercache pools, depending on the load profile. A free of charge test version is available at PRIMERGY-PM.Link: /dl.aspx?id=c816a64f-8b6d-47df-ba31-836874f08c07Technical detailsTechnical detailsController Silicon RoC (RAID on Chip) LSI SAS3108Adapter Type RAID 5/6 Ctrl.Operating system pre-installed Information to released operating systems can be found in the server datasheets. Details can be found in thereleased drivers list on the support portal.Released drivers list link /Download/Index.aspNumber of ports8 ports int.Connector internal2x SFF8643 (Mini-SAS HD)Data transfer rate up to12 Gbit/sBus type PCIe 3.0Bus width x8RAID Management ServerView RAID ManagerStorCLI (command-line interface)BIOS Configuration UtilityKey RAID Data Protection Feature- RAID levels 0, 1, 5 and 6- RAID spans 10, 50 and 60- Maximum number of spans is 8- Online Capacity Expansion (OCE)- Online RAID level Migration (RLM)- Auto resume after loss of system power during array rebuild or reconstruction (RLM)- Fast initialization for quick array setup- Single controller multipathing (failover)- Load Balancing- Configurable stripe size up to 1MB- Fast initialisation for quick array setup- Check consistency for background data integrity - Make Data Consistent (MDC)- Patrol read for media scanning and repairing- Up to 64 logical drives per controller- S.M.A.R.T support- Global and dedicated Hot Spare with Revertible Hot Spare support- Automatic rebuild- Enclosure affinity- Enclosure management- SES (inband)- SGPIO (outband)RAID level0, 1, 10, 5, 50, 6, 60RAID cache backup unit Optional FBURAID controller notes based on LSI SAS3108Interface technology SAS/SATAOrder code Product Name Height of bracket RAID controller cache size Number of Connectors S26361-F5243-E11PRAID EP400i Matching to system 1 GB2S26361-F5243-E12PRAID EP420i Matching to system 2 GB2S26361-F5243-E14PRAID EP420i for SafeStore Matching to system 2 GB2S26361-F5243-L11PRAID EP400i Full Height / Low Profile 1 GB2S26361-F5243-L12PRAID EP420i Full Height / Low Profile 2 GB2S26361-F5243-L14PRAID EP420i for SafeStore Full Height / Low Profile 2 GB2S26361-F5243-L1PRAID EP400i Full Height / Low Profile 1 GB2S26361-F5243-L2PRAID EP420i Full Height / Low Profile 2 GB2S26361-F5243-L4PRAID EP420i for SafeStore Full Height / Low Profile 2 GB2Order code Product Name NotesS26361-F5243-E100PRAID EP400i TFM installed - Transportable Flash Module - contains flash memoryand control logic for Flash Backup Unit (FBU) – required for FBUoptionS26361-F5243-E200TFM PRAID EP420i/e installed - Transportable Flash Module - contains flash memoryand control logic for Flash Backup Unit (FBU) – required for FBUoptionS26361-F5243-E125RAID Ctrl FBU option for PRAID EP4xx with 25cm cable installed - Super-capacitor incl. cableinstalled - Super-capacitor incl. cableS26361-F5243-L110RAID Ctrl FBU option for PRAID EP4xx with 25cm, 55cm, 70cmcableComplianceCompliance notes According to the corresponding systemCompliance link https:///sites/certificatesContactFujitsu LimitedWebsite: /primergy2023-11-27 WW-ENworldwide project for reducing burdens on the environment.Using our global know-how, we aim to contribute to the creation of a sustainable environment for future generations through IT.Please find further information at http://www./global/about/environmenttechnical specification with the maximum selection of components for the named system and not the detailed scope ofdelivery. The scope of delivery is defined by the selection of components at the time of ordering. The product was developed for normal business use.Technical data is subject to modification and delivery subject to availability. Any liability that the data and illustrations are complete, actual or correct is excluded. Designations may be trademarks and/or copyrights of the respective owner, the use of which by third parties for their own purposes may infringe the rights of such owner.More informationAll rights reserved, including intellectual property rights. Designations may be trademarks and/or copyrights of therespective owner, the use of which by third parties for their own purposes may infringe the rights of such owner. For further information see https:///global/about/resources/terms/ Copyright 2023 Fujitsu LIMITED。
Unit 5 Launching your career单词记忆法讲义
1.bounce /baʊns/ vi. & vt. (使)弾起；上下晃动. n. 弹性；弹跳；活力记忆：谐音“蹦”= 蹦蹦跳跳。
弹跳。
2.bounce around 蹦来蹦去；弹来弾去记忆：略3.aptitude /ˈæptɪtjuːd/ n. 天资；天赋记忆：apt-适应（能力）对比adapt 调整；适应aptitude = 能够适应的能力= 天资；天赋4.head start 起步前的优势记忆：比如赛车，你一开始就在head上，就比较有优势。
5.scenario /səˈnɑːriəʊ/n. 设想；方案；预测记忆：对比scene场景；背景。
scenery风景。
scenario = （某个事情发生的）背景= 设想；方案；预测。
wyer /ˈlɔːjə(r)/ n. 律师记忆：law法律7.assemble/əˈsembl/v t. 组装；装配. vi. & vt. 收集；聚集；集合记忆：as-去；使；让semble = same 同样的；相似的assemble = 去把，使类似的东西集中= 组装；装配8.drawer /drɔː(r)/n. 抽屉记忆：draw 绘画；吸引；拉扯对比draw one’s attention 吸引某人的注意力9. a chest of drawers 抽屉柜记忆：chest胸腔（空出来的）10.breast /brest/n. 乳房；胸部记忆：组合法breast milk 母乳breast cancer乳腺癌11.hydrogen /ˈhaɪdrədʒən/ n. 氢；氢气记忆：H就是氢原子。
对比oxygen氧气。
12.radium /ˈreɪdiəm/ n. 镭记忆：Ra就是镭的化学元素符号。
-ium多为化学元素。
如aluminium铝13.wrist /rɪst/ n. 手腕；腕关节记忆：对比write写。
写字（write）其实就是抖，弯曲手腕（wrist）14.bridegroom /ˈbraɪdɡruːm/ n. 新郎记忆：对比bride新娘。
电子信息专业英语(第2版)Unit1
Lesson 1 Analogy and Digital Signal
An example of analog system—a speaker
A public address system, used to amplify sound so that it can be heard by a large audience, is one simple example of an application of analog electronics. The basic diagram in Fig 1-8 illustrates that sound waves, which are analog in nature, are picked up by a microphone and converted to a small analog voltage called the audio signal. This voltage varies continuously as the volume and frequency of the sound changes and is applied to the input of a linear amplifier.
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Lesson 2 Application of Ohm’s Law
All electrical circuits fall into one of three classes: series circuits, parallel circuits, and series parallel circuits.
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Lesson 1 Analogy and Digital Signal
数学专业英语词汇(U)
数学专业英语词汇(U)数学专业英语词汇(U)数学专业英语词汇(U)u statistic u统计量ulm factor 乌姆因子ultra filter base 超滤子基ultra ideal 超理想ultra power 超幂ultrabarrelled space 超桶型空间ultrabornological space 超有界型空间ultrafilter 超滤子ultrafilter space 超滤子空间ultrahyperbolic equation 超双曲型方程ultrametric space 超度量空间ultraproduct 超积ultraspherical polynomials 特种球多项式umbilical point 脐点unary operation 一元运算unary relation 一元关系unbiased confidence estimation 无偏置信估计unbiased estimate 无偏估计unbiased estimating equation 无偏估计方程unbiased estimator 无偏估计量unbiased sample 无偏样本unbiased test 无偏检验unbiasedness 无偏性unbounded function 无界函数unbounded interval 无界区间unbounded operator 无界算子unbounded quantifier 无界量词unbounded sequence 无界序列unbounded set 无界集unboundedness 无界性uncertainty 不定uncertainty principle 测不准原理unconditional convergence 无条件收敛unconditional inequality 无条件不等式unconditional jump 无条件跳跃unconditionally convergent 无条件收敛的unconditionally convergent series 无条件收敛级数unconnected graph 不连通图unconnected space 不连通空间unconnectedness 不连通性uncorrelated 不相关的uncorrelated random variables 不相关随机变量uncountability 不可数性uncountable 不可数的uncountable ordinal 不可数序数undecidability 不可判定性undecidability theorem 不可判定性定理undecidable theory 不可判定理论underdeterminate system 欠定组underdeterminate system of partial differential equations 欠定偏微分方程组underlying graph 底图underlying group 基础群underlying topological space 基础拓扑空间underlying topology 基础拓扑undetermined 未定的undetermined coefficient 末定系数undetermined number 未定数undirected edge 无向棱undirected graph 无向图undisturbed differential equation 无扰动微分方程unduloid 波状体unequal 不等的ungula of the cone 锥的蹄状体ungula of the cylinder 柱的蹄状体ungula of the prism 棱柱的蹄状体uniaxial 单轴的unicity 唯一性uniconvergence space 单收敛空间unicursal 单行的unicursal curve 有理曲线unicursal graph 单行图unicursal involution 单行对合unicursal surface 单行曲面unidirectional 单方面的unified field theory 统一场论uniform 匀的uniform approximation 一致逼近uniform boundedness principle 一致有界原理uniform continuity 一致连续性uniform convergence 一致收敛uniform cover 一致覆盖uniform distribution 均匀分布uniform equicontinuity 一致同等连续性uniform invariant 一致不变量uniform isomorphism 一致同胚uniform limit 一致极限uniform scale 等分标尺uniform space 一致空间uniform stability 一致稳定性uniform structure 一致结构uniform topology 一致拓扑uniformity 一致结构uniformity generated by a pseudometric 伪度量一致性uniformizable 可一致化的uniformizable point 单值化点uniformizable space 单值化空间uniformization 单值化uniformization principle 一般单值化定理uniformization theorem 单值化定理uniformization theory 单值化理论uniformizing covering surface 单值化覆盖面uniformizing function 单值化函数uniformly bounded 一致有界的uniformly bounded sequence of functions 一致有界函数序列uniformly bounded series 一致有界级数uniformly bounded set 一致有界集uniformly continuous 一致连续的uniformly continuous map 一致连续映射uniformly convergent 一致收敛的uniformly convergent sequence of functions 一致收敛函数序列uniformly convex 一致凸的uniformly convex space 一致凸空间uniformly distributed random variable 均匀分布随机变量uniformly elliptic operator 一致椭圆算子uniformly equicontinuous 一致同等连续的uniformly equivalent metric 一致等价度量uniformly equivalent space 一致等价空间uniformly integrable 一致可积的uniformly locally compact space 一致局部紧空间uniformly most powerful test 一致最大功效检定uniformly open map 一致开映射uniformly strongly elliptic operator 一致强椭圆算子uniformly summable family of functions 一致可积函数族unilateral 单侧的unilateral surface 单侧曲面unimodal 单峰的unimodal distribution 单峰分布unimodular group 幺模群unimodular map 幺模映射unimodular matrix 幺模阵unimodular number 单模数unimodularly bounded function 幺模有界函数union 并集union of sets 集的并unipotent element 幂幺元unipotent group 幂单群unipotent matrix 幂单矩阵unique existence 唯一存在性unique factorization domain 唯一析因整环unique factorization theorem 唯一析因定理unique solution 唯一解uniquely defined 唯一定义的uniqueness 唯一性uniqueness condition 唯一性条件uniqueness theorem 唯一性定理unirational variety 单有理簇uniserial algebra 单列代数unit ball 单位球unit circle 单位圆unit disk 单位园板unit divisor 单位因子unit dyad 单位并向量unit filter 单位滤子unit function 单位函数unit group 单位群unit ideal 单位理想unit idele 单位伊代尔unit interval 单位区间unit line 单位线unit lower triangular matrix 单位下三角阵unit matrix 单位矩阵unit of angle 角的单位unit of area 面积单位unit of volume 体积单位unit operator 恒等算子unit point 单位点unit representation 恒等表示unit simplex 单位单形unit sphere 单位球unit tangent 单位切向量unit tensor 单位张量unit theorem 单元定理unit transformation 恒等变换unit vector 单位向量unitarily equivalent operator 酉等价算子unitarily equivalent representation 酉等价表示unitarity 酉性unitary 单式的unitary algebra 单式代数unitary bundle 酉丛unitary connection 酉朕络unitary geometry 酉几何unitary group 酉群unitary homomorphism 单式同态unitary invariant 酉不变量unitary matrix 酉矩阵unitary modular group 特殊酉群unitary operator 酉算子unitary r module 单式r模unitary representation 酉表示unitary similar matrix 酉相似矩阵unitary space 酉空间unitary transfer 酉朕络unitary transformation 酉变换unity 单位元素unity element 单位元素unity group 单位群univalent 单叶的univalent function 单叶函数univariable series 单变量级数universal affirmative proposition 全称肯定命题universal bundle 通用丛universal class 全类universal coefficient formula 万有系数公式universal coefficient theorem 万有系数定理universal covering 通用覆盖universal covering group 通用覆盖群universal covering manifold 通用覆盖廖universal covering space 万有覆盖空间universal covering surface 万有覆盖面universal curve 万有曲线universal domain 万有域universal enveloping algebra 通用包络代数universal function 通用函数universal map 通用映射universal negative proposition 全称否定命题universal proposition 一般命题universal quantifier 全称量词universal relation 通用关系universal set 通用集合universal subgroup 通用子群universal validity 一般有效性universal variety 普遍簇universally japanese ring 伪几何环universally maximal left ideal 普遍极大左理想universally maximal twosided ideal 普遍极大双侧理想universally minimal right ideal 普遍极小右理想universally valid formula 普遍有效公式unknown 末知的unknown number 未知数unlimited 无限的unlimited covering manifold 无限覆盖廖unlimitedness 无穷unmixed ideal 纯理想unordered pair 无序对unparted hyperboloid 单叶双曲面unramified covering 非分歧覆盖unramified covering surface 非分歧覆盖面unramified extension 非分歧扩张unramified manifold 非分歧廖unramified prime ideal 非分歧素理想unramified ring 非分歧环unsolvability 不可解性unsolvable 不可解的unsolvable equation 不可解方程unstability 不稳定性unstable 不稳定的unstable solution 不稳定解unweighted mean 未加权平均数upper bound 上界upper central series 上中心列upper class 上类upper control limit 上控制限upper derivative 上导数upper envelope 上包络upper half plane 上半平面upper limit 上极限upper limit of integration 积分的上限upper pure value 上纯值upper quartile 上四分位数upper semi continuous decomposition 上半连续分解upper semicontinuity 上半连续性upper semicontinuous 上半连续的upper semilattice 上半格upper triangular matrix 上三角形矩阵upper value of game 对策上方值upper variation 正变差useful direction 有效方向utility 效用utility function 效用函数utility theory 效用理论数学专业英语词汇(U) 相关内容:。
USP39-701崩解时限
USP39-701崩解时限MethodEnsure that the reference volume and the calibration volume have been determined for the gas pycnometer by an appropri-ate calibration procedure. The test gas is helium, unless another gas is specified in the individual monograph. The temperature of the gas pycnometer should be between 15° and 30° and should not vary by more than 2° during the course of the meas-urement. Load the test cell with the substance under examination that has been prepared according to the individual mono-graph. Where á699D? is indicated, dry the substance under examination as directed for Loss on drying in the monograph unless other drying conditions are specified in the monograph Density of solids test. Where á699U? is indicated, the substance under examination is used without drying. Use a quantity of powder recommended in the operating manual for the pycnometer. Seal the test cell in the pycnometer, and purge the pycnometer system with the test gas according to the procedure given in the manufacturer's operating instructions. If the sample must be degassed under vacuum, follow the recommendations in the individual monographs and the instructions in the operating manual for the pycnometer. The measurement sequence above describes the procedure for the gas pycnometer shown in Figure 1. If the pycnometer differs in operation or in construction from the one shown in Figure 1, follow the operating procedure given in the manual for the pycnometer.Repeat the measurement sequence for the same powder sample until consecutive measurements of the sample volume, V s, agree to within 0.2%. Unload the test cell and measure the final powder weight, w. Calculate the pycnometric density, r, of the sample according to Equation 2.á701? DISINTEGRATIONThis general chapter is harmonized with the corresponding texts of the European Pharmacopoeia and/or the Japanese Phar-macopoeia. The texts of these pharmacopeias are therefore interchangeable, and the methods of the European Pharmacopoeia and/or the Japanese Pharmacopoeia may be used for demonstration of compliance instead of the present general chapter. These pharmacopeias have undertaken not to make any unilateral change to this harmonized chapter. Portions of the present general chapter text that are national USP text, and therefore not part of the harmonized text, are marked with symbols (?) to specify this fact.This test is provided to determine whether tablets or capsules disintegrate within the prescribed time when placed in a liquid medium at the experimental conditions presented below. ?Compliance with the limits on Disintegration stated in the individual monographs is required except where the label states that the tablets or capsules are intended for use as troches, or are to be chewed, or are designed as extended-release dosage forms or delayed-release dosage forms. Determine the type of units un-der test from the labeling and from observation, and apply the appropriate procedure to 6 or more dosage units.For the purposes of this test, disintegration does not imply complete solution of the unit or even of its active constituent. Complete disintegration is defined as that state in which any residue of the unit, except fragments of insoluble coating or cap-sule shell, remaining on the screen of the test apparatus or adhering to the lower surface of the disk, if used, is a soft mass having no palpably firm core.APPARATUSThe apparatus consists of a basket-rack assembly, a 1000-mL, low-form beaker, 138 to 160 mm in height and having an inside diameter of 97 to 115 mm for the immersion fluid, a thermostatic arrangement for heating the fluid between 35° and 39°, and a device for raising and lowering the basket in the immersion fluid at a constant frequency rate between 29 and 32 cycles per minute through a distance of not less than 53 mm and not more than 57 mm. The volume of the fluid in the vessel is such that at the highest point of the upward stroke the wire mesh remains at least 15 mm below the surface of the fluid anddescends to not less than 25 mm from the bottom of the vessel on the downward stroke. At no time should the top of the basket-rack assembly become submerged. The time required for the upward stroke is equal to the time required for the down-ward stroke, and the change in stroke direction is a smooth transition, rather than an abrupt reversal of motion. The basket-rack assembly moves vertically along its axis. There is no appreciable horizontal motion or movement of the axis from the ver-tical.Basket-Rack Assembly—The basket-rack assembly consists of six open-ended transparent tubes, each 77.5 ± 2.5 mm long and having an inside diameter of 20.7 to 23 mm and a wall 1.0 to 2.8 mm thick; the tubes are held in a vertical position by two plates, each 88 to 92 mm in diameter and 5 to 8.5 mm in thickness, with six holes, each 22 to 26 mm in diameter, equi-distant from the center of the plate and equally spaced from one another. Attached to the under surface of the lower plate is a woven stainless steel wire cloth, which has a plain square weave with 1.8- to 2.2-mm apertures and with a wire diameter of 0.57 to0.66 mm. The parts of the apparatus are assembled and rigidly held by means of three bolts passing through the two plates.A suitable means is provided to suspend the basket-rack assembly from the raising and lowering device using a point onits axis.USP 39Physical Tests / á701? Disintegration 537The design of the basket-rack assembly may be varied somewhat, provided the specifications for the glass tubes and the screen mesh size are maintained. The basket-rack assembly conforms to the dimensions found in Figure 1.Disks—The use of disks is permitted only where specified or allowed ?in the monograph. If specified in the individual mono-graph,? each tube is provided with a cylindrical disk 9.5 ± 0.15 mm thick and 20.7 ± 0.15 mm in diameter. The disk is made of a suitable transparent plastic material having a specific gravity of between 1.18 and 1.20. Five parallel 2±0.1-mm holes ex-tend between the ends of the cylinder. One of the holes is centered on the cylindrical axis. The other holes are centered6±0.2 mm from the axis on imaginary lines perpendicular to the axis and parallel to each other. Four identical trapezoidal-shaped planes are cut into the wall of the cylinder, nearly perpendicular to the ends of the cylinder. The trapezoidal shape is symmetrical; its parallel sides coincide with the ends of the cylinder and are parallel to an imaginary line connecting the cen-ters of two adjacent holes 6 mm from the cylindrical axis. The parallel side of the trapezoid on the bottom of the cylinder has a length of 1.6 ± 0.1 mm, and its bottom edges lie at a depth of 1.5 to 1.8 mm from the cylinder's circumference. The parallel side of the trapezoid on the top of the cylinder has a length of 9.4 ± 0.2 mm, and its center lies at a depth of 2.6 ± 0.1 mm from the cylinder's circumference. All surfaces of the disk are smooth. If the use of disks is specified ?in the individual mono-graph , add a disk to each tube, and operate the apparatus as directed under Procedure . The disks conform to dimensions found in Figure 11.Figure 1. Disintegration apparatus. (All dimensions are expressed in mm.)PROCEDUREUncoated Tablets—Place 1 dosage unit in each of the six tubes of the basket and, if prescribed, add a disk. Operate theapparatus, using ?water orthe specified medium as the immersion fluid, maintained at 37±2°. At the end of the time limitspecified ?in the monograph,? lift the basket from the fluid, and observe the tablets: all of the tablets have disintegrated com-pletely. If 1 or 2 tablets fail to disintegrate completely, repeat the test on 12 additional tablets. The requirement is met if notfewer than 16 of the total of 18 tablets tested are disintegrated.1 The use of automatic detection employing modified disks is permitted where the use of disks is specified or allowed. Such disks must comply with the require-ments for density and dimension given in this chapter.538 á701? Disintegration / Physical Tests USP 39Plain-Coated Tablets—Apply the test for Uncoated Tablets, operating the apparatus for the time specified in the individual monograph.Delayed-Release (Enteric-Coated) Tablets—Place 1 tablet in each of the six tubes of the basket and, if the tablet has a soluble external sugar coating, immerse the basket in water at room temperature for 5 minutes. Then operate the apparatus using simulated gastric fluid TS maintained at 37±2° as the immersion fluid. After 1 hour of operation in simulated gastric fluid TS, lift the basket from the fluid, and observe the tablets: the tablets show no evidence of disintegration, cracking, or softening. Operate the apparatus, using simulated intestinal fluid TS maintained at 37±2° as the immersion fluid, for the time specified in the monograph. Lift the basket from the fluid, and observe the tablets: all of the tablets disintegrate completely. If 1 or 2 tablets fail to disintegrate completely, repeat the test on 12 additional tablets: not fewer than 16 of the total of 18 tablets tested disintegrate completely.Buccal Tablets—Apply the test for Uncoated Tablets. After 4 hours, lift the basket from the fluid, and observe the tablets: all of the tablets have disintegrated. If 1 or 2 tablets fail to disintegrate completely, repeat the test on 12 additional tablets: not fewer than 16 of the total of 18 tablets tested disintegrate completely.Sublingual Tablets—Apply the test for Uncoated Tablets. At the end of the time limit specified in the individual mono-graph: all of the tablets have disintegrated. If 1 or 2 tablets fail to disintegrate completely, repeat the test on 12 additional tablets: not fewer than 16 of the total of 18 tablets tested disintegrate completely.Hard Gelatin Capsules—Apply the test for Uncoated Tablets. Attach a removable wire cloth, which has a plain square weave with 1.8- to 2.2-mm mesh apertures and with a wire diameter of 0.60 to 0.655 mm, as described under Basket-Rack Assembly, to the surface of the upper plate of the basket-rack assembly. Observe the capsules within the time limit specified in the individual monograph: all of the capsules have disintegrated except for fragments from the capsule shell. If 1 or 2 capsules fail to disintegrate completely, repeat the test on 12 additional capsules: not fewer than 16 of the total of 18 capsules tested disintegrate completely.Soft Gelatin Capsules—Proceed as directed under Hard Gelatin Capsules.á705? QUALITY ATTRIBUTES OF TABLETS LABELED AS HAVING AFUNCTIONAL SCOREPURPOSEThis chapter provides quality attributes for products with approved labeling indicating that the tablets can be split to pro-duce multiple portions that have an accurate fractional dose (labeled as functionally scored). The label claim of the split por-tions should be a simple fractional part of the claim for the intact tablet based on the number of scores and the size of the split portion (e.g., one-half, one-third, or one-quarter). At the time of splitting, the intact tablets should conform to the monograph specification. With the exception of dose, each split portion from tablets labeled as having a functional score are expected toconform to the quality attributes of the whole tablets. The split portions resulting from subdividing a functionally scored tablet should conform to the tests for Splitting Tablets with Functional Scoring and Dissolution or Disintegration given in this chapter.SCOPEThis chapter applies to tablets labeled as having a functional score and to the split portions that represent any labeled frac-tion of the whole functionally scored tablet dose. Tablets should be split as part of the test procedure and the storage condi-tions for the split portions should be defined in the test procedure. For Dissolution or Disintegration testing, analysts should use only split portions from tablets determined to be acceptable by the Splitting Tablets with Functional Scoring test.SPLITTING TABLETS WITH FUNCTIONAL SCORINGTest Procedure1.Take a random sample of 30 intact tablets, and proceed as follows.2.Accurately weigh each tablet, and record its weight.3.For each intact tablet, determine the expected weight of the split portions by dividing the whole-tablet weight by thedesignated number of split portions indicated on the labeling.4.Split each tablet by hand (without mechanical assistance) into the designed number of split portions, and weigh eachsplit portion.5.For each tablet, determine the percent of the expected weight in each split portion.USP 39Physical Tests / á705? Functionally Scored Tablets 539。
aix mirrovg 原理
本人X MirrorVG原理本人X是IBM的专有操作系统，主要用于IBM的Power架构服务器。
在本人X操作系统中，MirrorVG是一种用于实现存储冗余和提高数据可靠性的重要功能。
本文将讨论本人X MirrorVG的原理和工作机制。
一、MirrorVG概述MirrorVG是本人X操作系统中用于存储冗余的技术，它能够将数据在不同的物理磁盘上进行镜像，保证了系统在部分磁盘损坏的情况下仍然可以正常工作。
MirrorVG的主要组成部分包括：物理卷组、镜像数据、磁盘传输速率和故障处理。
二、MirrorVG原理1. 物理卷组MirrorVG是基于物理卷组（Physical Volume Group）实现的。
物理卷组是本人X操作系统中的一个概念，它是由一组物理卷（Physical Volume）组成的，这些物理卷可以是硬盘驱动器、固态硬盘或者其他存储设备。
MirrorVG通过将物理卷分为几组，然后在每组中实现存储冗余，从而提高了数据的可靠性。
2. 镜像数据MirrorVG通过将数据在不同的物理卷上进行镜像，实现存储冗余。
镜像数据以镜像轮换的方式存储在不同的物理卷上，从而保证了即使某一块物理卷损坏，系统依然可以通过其他镜像数据进行读取和写入。
3. 磁盘传输速率MirrorVG还可以针对磁盘之间的数据传输速率进行设置和调整。
通过合理设置磁盘传输速率，可以在一定程度上提高数据传输的效率，从而缩短数据写入和读取的时间。
4. 故障处理当物理卷出现问题时，MirrorVG可以通过系统内建的故障处理机制自动切换到其他可用的镜像数据上，保证系统的正常运行。
MirrorVG还提供了诊断工具，能够帮助系统管理员及时发现和处理物理卷的故障，保证系统数据的完整性和可靠性。
三、MirrorVG工作机制在本人X操作系统中，MirrorVG通过一种称为同步写入的机制来实现数据的镜像。
当系统收到数据写入的请求时，MirrorVG会将数据同时写入被镜像的物理卷和它的镜像数据上，保证数据的一致性和可靠性。
扩容盘_urwtest_原理_概述及解释说明
扩容盘urwtest 原理概述及解释说明1. 引言1.1 概述本篇长文旨在对扩容盘urwtest 的原理进行概述和解释说明。
通过全面介绍urwtest 扩容盘的概念、实现步骤、应用场景和优势，以及对其发展前景展望和结论与建议的总结，读者将能够深入了解扩容盘urwtest 在实践中的意义和价值。
1.2 文章结构本文按照以下结构展开阐述：首先通过引言部分来简要介绍文章的目的、内容组织以及预期效果；然后在第二部分中详细阐述urwtest 的扩容盘原理，包括引入urwtest 简介、解释扩容盘的概念，并深入探讨urwtest 的扩容原理；接着，在第三部分中详细描述了扩容盘urwtest 的实现步骤，包括准备工作、创建新分区或逻辑卷，以及迁移数据到新分区或逻辑卷；接着，在第四部分中重点介绍了扩容盘urwtest 的应用场景与优势，包括应用场景的介绍、对于扩容盘urwtes特点进行详细阐述，并提供了示例案例分析；最后，在第五部分中对全文进行回顾，并展望扩容盘urwtest 的发展前景，最终给出结论与建议。
1.3 目的本文旨在通过对扩容盘urwtest 的原理进行概述和解释说明，使读者能够全面了解扩容盘urwtest 在实践中的应用和重要性。
同时，通过深入探讨扩容盘的概念、实现步骤以及应用场景与优势，希望为读者提供相关领域的知识和经验，增强其在实际工作中的应用能力。
此外，在展望扩容盘urwtest 的发展前景时，也有助于读者对该技术的未来趋势进行思考和研究。
以上即是“1. 引言”部分的内容。
2. urwtest的扩容盘原理：2.1 urwtest简介：urwtest是一种用于增加盘容量的工具，它的目标是在不中断系统运行的情况下，通过扩容盘来满足用户对存储空间需求的增长。
urwtest能够高效地执行数据迁移操作，并保证数据的一致性和可靠性。
2.2 扩容盘概念解释：扩容盘指将原有磁盘空间进行扩展，以提供更多的存储空间。
SMART技术检测磁盘故障参数
SMART检测参数说明一般情况下，用户只要观察当前值、最差值和临界值的关系，并注意状态提示信息即可大致了解硬盘的健康状况。
下面简单介绍各参数的含义，以红色标出的项目是寿命关键项，蓝色为固态硬盘（SSD）特有的项目。
在基于闪存的固态硬盘中，存储单元分为两类：SLC（Single Layer Cell，单层单元）和MLC（Multi-Level Cell，多层单元）。
SLC成本高、容量小、但读写速度快，可靠性高，擦写次数可高达100000次，比MLC高10倍。
而MLC虽容量大、成本低，但其性能大幅落后于SLC。
为了保证MLC的寿命，控制芯片还要有智能磨损平衡技术算法，使每个存储单元的写入次数可以平均分摊，以达到100万小时的平均无故障时间。
因此固态硬盘有许多SMART参数是机械硬盘所没有的，如存储单元的擦写次数、备用块统计等等，这些新增项大都由厂家自定义，有些尚无详细的解释，有些解释也未必准确，此处也只是仅供参考。
下面凡未注明厂商的固态硬盘特有的项均为SandForce主控芯片特有的，其它厂商各自单独注明。
01（001）底层数据读取错误率 Raw Read Error Rate数据为0或任意值，当前值应远大于与临界值。
底层数据读取错误率是磁头从磁盘表面读取数据时出现的错误，对某些硬盘来说，大于0的数据表明磁盘表面或者读写磁头发生问题，如介质损伤、磁头污染、磁头共振等等。
不过对希捷硬盘来说，许多硬盘的这一项会有很大的数据量，这不代表有任何问题，主要是看当前值下降的程度。
在固态硬盘中，此项的数据值包含了可校正的错误与不可校正的RAISE错误（UECC＋URAISE）。
注：RAISE（Redundant Array of Independent Silicon Elements）意为独立硅元素冗余阵列，是固态硬盘特有的一种冗余恢复技术，保证内部有类似RAID 阵列的数据安全性。
02（002）磁盘读写通量性能 Throughput Performance此参数表示硬盘的读写通量性能，数据值越大越好。
Udisk使用说明
Udisk使⽤说明UDisk DDS 2.0使⽤⼿册⽬录UDisk DDS 2.0使⽤⼿册 (1)1. 简述 (3)2. 术语解释 (3)3. ⽂件清单 (3)4. 按键说明 (3)5. 约束条件 (3)6. 升腾DDS启动盘制作⼯具2.0简述 (4)6.1安装升腾DDS启动盘制作⼯具 (4)6.2 升腾DDS启动盘制作⼯具使⽤说明 (5)7. 使⽤升腾DDS启动盘进⾏镜像备份和还原⼯作 (6)7.1 TC开机后按F12进⼊引导项菜单 (6)7.2 如何备份Windows系统？ (7)●进⼊DDS主界⾯ (7)●进⼊Windows Deploy (8)●输⼊dds⽂件名 (9)●备份Windows镜像进度 (9)●Windows镜像提取成功，⽣成ddsimage.dds镜像⽂件 (10)●检查Windows镜像是否备份成功 (10)7.3如何还原Windows系统？ (11)●查看*.dds⽂件 (11)●进⼊Windows Deploy (11)●进⼊⽂件列表视图，选择dds⽂件进⾏系统还原 (12)●还原Windows镜像进度 (12)●Windows镜像还原成功 (13)7.4 如何还原Linux系统 (13)●查看**.dat⽂件 (13)●进⼊升腾DDS主页⾯ (14)●进⼊Linux Deploy (15)●正在进⾏Linux镜像还原 (15)7.5 如何还原Windows CE系统 (16)●查看**.dat⽂件 (16)●进⼊升腾DDS主页⾯ (17)●进⼊Windows CE Deploy (18)●正在进⾏WinCE镜像还原 (18)1.简述UDisk DDS 2.0是集Windows部署、Linux部署、WinCE部署的镜像备份和还原软件⼯具。
2.术语解释3.⽂件清单4.按键说明5.约束条件●备份还原过程不能同时插⼊2个以上U盘(包含2个).●dds⽂件名长度范围限制为0~46个字符●允许同时存在30 个dds⽂件在⼀个U盘中●UDisk DDS直接抓取系统镜像，包含驱动程序等⽂件，还原⽬标镜像，必须与dds镜像⽂件平台匹配，如x86平台的驱动⽆法在arm平台上跑起来，否则会导致蓝屏等现象.●使⽤UDisk DDS抓取系统镜像，最好先对系统进⾏封装，如卸载驱动程序，清除唯⼀标⽰符，清除静态IP地址，ARP缓存表等，可实现跨平台还原镜像.6.升腾DDS启动盘制作⼯具2.0简述升腾DDS启动盘制作⼯具是⼀款制作U盘启动盘的⼩⼯具，使⽤该⼯具制作成的U盘启动盘已经具备Windows、Windows CE 和Linux系统部署功能，该⼯具的现在版本是2.0.6.1安装升腾DDS启动盘制作⼯具使⽤U盘备份还原系统镜像之前，需要安装升腾U盘制作⼯具到本地PC机，该⼯具安装包请联系升腾相关⼈员提供。
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A collection of unit circles and the corresponding unit disk graph.
In geometric graph theory, a unit disk graph is the intersection graph of a family of unit circles in the Euclidean plane. That is, we form a vertex for each circle, and connect two vertices by an edge whenever the corresponding circles cross each other.
There are several possible definitions of the unit disk graph, equivalent to each other up to a choice of scale factor:
∙An intersection graph of equal-radius circles, or of equal-radius disks
∙ A graph formed from a collection of equal-radius circles, in which two circles are connected by an edge if one circle contains the center of the other circle
∙ A graph formed from a collection of points in the Euclidean plane, in which two points are connected if their distance is below a fixed threshold
Every induced subgraph of a unit disk graph is also a unit disk graph.
with An example of a graph that is not a unit disk graph is the star K
1,7
one central node connected to seven leaves: if each of seven unit disks touches a common unit disk, some two of the seven disks must touch each other.
Beginning with the work of Huson & Sen (1995), unit disk graphs have been used in computer science to model the topology of ad-hoc wireless communication networks. In this application, nodes are connected through a direct wireless connection without a base station. It is assumed that all nodes are homogeneous and equipped with omnidirectional antennas. Node locations are modeled as Euclidean points, and the area within which a signal from one node can be received by another node is modeled as a circle. If all nodes have transmitters of equal power, these circles are all equal. Random geometric graphs, formed as unit disk graphs with randomly generated disk centers, have also been used as a model of percolation and various other phenomena.[1]
It is NP-hard to determine whether a graph, given without geometry, can be represented as a unit disk graph.[2] However, many important and difficult graph optimization problems such as maximum independent set, graph coloring, and minimum dominating set can be approximated
efficiently by using the geometric structure of these graphs,[3] and the maximum clique problem can be solved exactly for these graphs in polynomial time, given a disk representation.[4]
When a given vertex set forms a subset of a triangular lattice, a necessary and sufficient condition for the perfectness of a unit graph is known.[5] For the perfect graphs, a number of NP-complete optimization problems (graph coloring problem, maximum clique problem, and maximum independent set problem) are polynomially solvable.。