课时规范训练必修2-Unit4

Ⅰ.阅读理解(共两节)
第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。

The behaviour of a building's users may be at
least as important as its design when it comes to
energy use，according to new research from the UK
Energy Research Centre (UKERC)．The UK promises
to reduce its carbon emissions(排放) by 80 percent by
2050，part of which will be achieved by all new
homes being zero-carbon by 2016.But this report shows that sustainable building design on its own—though extremely important—is not enough to achieve such reductions：the behaviour of the people using the building has to change too.
The study suggests that the ways that people use and live in their homes have been largely ignored by existing efforts to improve energy efficiency (效率)，which instead focus on architectural and technological developments.
‘Technology is going to assist but it is not going to do everything，’explains Katy Janda，a UKERC senior researcher，‘consumption patterns of building users can defeat the most careful design.’In other words，old habits die hard，even in the best-designed eco-home.
Another part of the problem is information.Households and bill-payers don't have the knowledge they need to change their energy-use habits.Without specific information，it's hard to estimate the costs and benefits of making different choices.Feedback (反馈) facilities，like smart meters and energy monitors，could help bridge this information gap by helping people see how changing their behaviour directly affects their energy use；some studies have shown that households can achieve up to 15 percent energy savings using smart meters.
Social science research has added a further dimension(方面)，suggesting that individuals' behaviour in the home can be personal and cannot be predicted—whether people throw open their windows rather than turn down the thermostat(恒温器)，for
example.
Janda argues that education is the key.She calls for a focused programme to teach people about buildings and their own behaviour in them.
1．As to energy use，the new research from UKERC stresses the importance of________.
A．zero-carbon homes
B．the behaviour of building users
C．sustainable building design
D．the reduction of carbon emissions
解析：选B。

细节理解题。

根据第一段第一句可知答案。

2．The underlined word “which” in Paragraph 2 refers to “________”．
A．the ways B．their homes
C．developments D．existing efforts
解析：选D。

词义猜测题。

根据句子结构可知，which在此处引导非限制性定语从句，它所指代的先行词existing efforts就是答案。

3．What are Katy Janda's words mainly about?
A．The importance of changing building users' habits.
B．The necessity of making a careful building design.
C．The variety of consumption patterns of building users.
D．The role of technology in improving energy efficiency.
解析：选A。

推理判断题。

根据第三段内容可推断出答案。

4．The information gap in energy use________.
A．can be bridged by feedback facilities
B．affects the study on energy monitors
C．brings about problems for smart meters
D．will be caused by building users' old habits
解析：选A。

细节理解题。

根据第四段第四句可知答案为A项。

5．What does the dimension added by social science research suggest?
A．The social science research is to be furthered.
B．The education programme is under discussion.
C．The behaviour of building users is unpredictable.
D．The behaviour preference of building users is similar.
解析：选C。

细节理解题。

根据倒数第二段内容可知，楼房住户的日常行为是不可预测的。

第二节根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

Self-esteem is all about how much people value themselves，the pride they feel in themselves，and how worthwhile they feel.1.____________A person who has high self-esteem will make friends easily，is more in control of his or her behavior，and will enjoy life more.
2．____________They begin puberty because the body goes through many changes.These changes，combined with a natural desire to feel accepted，mean it can be tempting for people to compare themselves with others.They may compare themselves with the people around them or with actors they see on TV，in movies，or in magazines.
But it's impossible to measure ourselves against others because the changes that come with puberty are different for everyone.Some people start developing early；others are late bloomers.Some get a temporary layer of fat to prepare for a growth spurt，others fill out permanently，and others feel like they stay skinny no matter how much they eat.3.____________
The changes that come with puberty can affect how both girls and guys feel about themselves.Some girls may feel uncomfortable or embarrassed about their maturing bodies.Others may wish that they were developing faster.4.____________Guys may feel like they don't look big or muscular enough.
It's not just development that affects self-esteem，though.Lots of other factors can affect a person's body image too.5.____________Some parents spend more time criticizing their kids and the way they look than praising them.This criticism may reduce a person's ability to develop good self-esteem.
People may also experience negative comments and hurtful teasing about the way they look from classmates and peers.Although these often come from ignorance，sometimes they can affect another person's body image and self-esteem.
A．Girls may feel pressure to be thin.
B．Self-esteem can affect how you act.
C．Family life can sometimes influence it.
D．Some teens struggle with their self-esteem.
E．Your thought may be influenced by self-esteem.
F．Kids are greatly under the guidance of their parents.
G．It all depends on how our genes affect our bodies to act.
1．解析：选B。

结合空格后面的A person who has high self-esteem will make friends...life more.中的make friends easily和in control of his or her behavior以及enjoy life可知，此处与B项是一致的。

2．解析：选D。

空格后面的the body goes through many changes和These changes，combined with a natural desire to feel accepted以及compare themselves with others都表示青少年们经历青春期变化，这些变化会让他们与其他人进行比较，从而表明他们会与自己的自尊心作斗争。

3．解析：选G。

结合空格前面的Some people start developing early；others are late...they eat.列举的一些人和另外一些人之间的对比，表示这些都与人们的基因有关，因此与G中的how our genes affect our bodies to act是一致的。

4．解析：选A。

根据后面的Guys may feel like they don't look big or muscular enough可知选项A中的Girls与后面的Guys对比。

5．解析：选C。

根据空格后面的Some parents spend more time criticizing their kids and the way they look than praising them.可知讨论的是父母与孩子们的关系，因此与C选项中的Family life是一致的。

Ⅱ.完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项中选取最佳选项。

The Origin of Recycle City
Just a few years ago，this place was called Dumptown.It's a town where rubbish may be left.For years，the citizens living here hadn't thought much about where waste went when they threw it out.And，finally，that became a very big__1__.
Because Dumptowners didn't know__2__happened to waste after it was thrown away，they__3__nothing of dropping empty soda cans here and there or putting cans
of leftover paint right into their dustbins.Things that could have been recycled__4__were thrown away，because nobody believed__5__made a difference.
The rubbish grew constantly and began to__6__.Sometimes it caught fire，sending heavy__7__into the air and making__8__hard for everyone to breathe.Dumptowners tried moving away from the mess，but__9__they moved，the problem was still there.They knew they had to__10__it.
They learned to__11__the amount of waste they threw away.For example，they bought items at the store that__12__covered in extra packaging，so there would be__13__to throw away.They learned to reuse other things—like washing out__14__jars instead of throwing them away.And，they learned to recycle.They set up__15__around towns for people to put in waste that could be__16__materials，and then into new__17__.
Dumptowners paid special attention to__18__waste and set up special collection points for safe handling.Instead of__19__environmentally harmful cleaning products or chemicals from the market，many Dumptowners switched to natural，safe products.
Finally，they__20__the old city dump and built a new factory outside the town which was used to handle waste.With the town's new look，it needed a new name，and Recycle City was born.
1．A.question B．problem
C．difference D．difficulty
解析：选B。

开始的时候，这个小镇上的人乱扔垃圾，不理会这些垃圾的去向，到最后，这成了一个大问题。

这里用problem指前面提到的乱扔垃圾的问题。

2．A.which B．how
C．why D．what
解析：选D。

这里用what引导宾语从句，what在从句中作主语，指物。

他们不知道这些垃圾被扔掉之后的情况。

3．A.knew B．caused
C．talked D．thought
解析：选D。

根据第一段中的“hadn't thought much about”可知，应选D项。

think nothing of表示“不把……当一回事”，为固定短语，符合语境。

4．A.hardly B．slowly
C．easily D．fast
解析：选C。

那些原本很容易回收的东西都被扔掉了，因为大家谁都不相信废品的回收利用能起什么作用。

这里用easily表示“轻松地，容易地”。

5．A.picking B．wasting
C．recycling D．throwing
解析：选C。

参见上题解析。

6．A.taste B．smell
C．look D．sound
解析：选B。

垃圾越堆越多，开始发臭了。

这里用smell表示“有难闻的气味，散发着臭气”。

7．A.smoke B．fog
C．dust D．flame
解析：选A。

既然是着火，那么就会在燃烧时散发出浓烟(smoke)。

8．A.it B．that
C．this D．one
解析：选A。

这里用it作形式宾语代替后面的动词不定式。

9．A.whenever B．wherever
C．however D．whatever
解析：选B。

此处用wherever引导让步状语从句。

不管他们搬到哪里，问题还是没有得到解决。

10．A.move B．ignore
C．fix D．leave
解析：选C。

因此，垃圾处理这个问题躲避不了，必须解决。

fix表示“解决，处理”，符合语境。

11．A.increase B．figure
C．record D．reduce
解析：选D。

既然是要解决垃圾问题，那么他们首先要做的就是减少扔掉的垃圾量。

故选D项。

12．A.wasn't B．weren't
C．would't be D．haven't been
解析：选B。

本空所在的定语从句的先行词是前面的“items”，因此选B项，用一般过去时与语境保持一致。

13．A.more B．better
C．less D．worse
解析：选C。

人们买东西的时候选择那些没有额外包装的商品，这样一来，被扔掉的垃圾就减少了，因此选C项。

14．A.empty B．full
C．big D．small
解析：选A。

把那些空罐子都洗洗再用，而不是扔掉。

因此选A项。

15．anizations B．tents
C．dustbins D．machines
解析：选C。

为了让人们存放垃圾，他们在镇上安装了垃圾箱(dustbins)。

16．A.made into B．made from
C．made of D．made for
解析：选A。

从下文的“new”可知应选A项，这里说的是那些能够被制造成新材料的垃圾。

be made into表示“把……做成”。

17．A.wastes B．cities
C．homes D．products
解析：选D。

这里说的是把这些回收利用的垃圾制作成新产品，因此选D 项。

18．A.safe B．dangerous
C．useless D．useful
解析：选B。

根据下文的“safe”和“harmful”可知，应选B项。

镇上的居民特别注意那些有危害的废物。

19．A.buying B．selling
C．throwing D．collecting
解析：选A。

根据后面的“from the market”可知，这里表示居民还很注意不购买那些对环境有危害的洗涤用品或化学物质。

20．A.started B．left
C．discovered D．closed
解析：选D。

本空与下文的“built a new factory”相呼应，应选D项，表示“关闭”。

他们还关闭了市内旧的垃圾站，在城外修建了一座新工厂来处理垃圾。

Ⅲ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

(2017·江西十三县期中联考)What do people do with their old, out of date but still useful computers? Most people don't know 1.____________ to do with them. Many old computers are put away in homes. Many more 2.____________(throw) away as rubbish.
Finally，some companies are thinking of ways 3.____________(bring)down the number of old computers. Sony has agreed to help recycle old Sony products. Dell，Hewlett Packard and other 4.____________(company) now also take back some old computers.
In some countries, laws have been passed, too. Computer companies have to pay for collecting and 5.____________(recycle) their used products. And 70% of the computer waste must be recycled. The idea behind the laws 6.____________(be) that computer companies themselves should pay for the cost. That will encourage them to make computers 7.____________(easy) to repair and upgrade.
Yet while many people are throwing away good computers, others cannot afford 8.____________ at all. Hundreds of organizations are working to solve this problem. They collect and repair old computers. Some also teach others how to repair computers.9.____________ computers then go to schools, charities and people who need them. Giving a used computer to one of these organizations can turn one person's rubbish 10.____________ someone else's useful things and cut down waste, too.
【语篇导读】怎样处理旧的、过时的但是仍然还能用的电脑？不同的公司和组织提出了不同的解决方法，有些人收集并修理这些电脑，然后送给学校、慈善团体等，使得这些本来是垃圾的电脑变成了有用之物。

1．解析：句意：绝大多数人不知道怎么处理它们。

根据句意可知，此处表示“怎么处理它们”，所以应填what。

答案：what
2．解析：Many more为主语，设空处是谓语动词，主语Many more指代“更
多的电脑”，为复数，和动词throw为被动关系，根据前后句意可知，应用一般现在时的被动语态。

故填are thrown。

答案：are thrown
3．解析：句意：最后，一些公司在想办法降低旧电脑的数量。

think of ways to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“想出办法去做某事”。

故填to bring。

答案：to bring
4．解析：设空处位于other后面，意为“另外一些公司”。

故填复数形式companies。

答案：companies
5．解析：介词for后面要加动名词作宾语，设空处与and前的collecting为介词for的并列宾语。

故填recycling。

答案：recycling
6．解析：The idea为主语，设空处为系动词，且根据上下文语境可知应用一般现在时，The idea为单数。

故填is。

答案：is
7．解析：make sth.easy to do为固定搭配，意为“使做某事容易”，根据上下文语境可知应填比较级easier。

答案：easier
8．解析：句意：一些人在扔掉好的电脑，然而另外一些却根本买不起电脑。

根据句意，设空处指代前面的computers且作动词afford的宾语，所以应填代词的宾格them。

答案：them
9．解析：句意：那些电脑将被送去学校、慈善团体和有需要的人手中。

根据句意，设空处特指前面提到的computers，且位于句首。

故填The/Those。

答案：The/Those
10．解析：固定搭配turn ...into ...意为“把……变成……”。

故填into。

答案：into
Ⅳ.微型写作
【写作素材】
1．尊敬的市长，如果您能帮我们保护我们的土地不因城市的扩张而减少我
将非常感激。

2．我们的生活受到很大影响。

3．我希望您能尽早做出回应。

4．这样我们就能成功保住我们富饶的土地了。

【连句成篇】(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)
_________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】
Dear Mayor，
I would appreciate it if you could pay attention to the protection of our land from being lost because of the expanding of the city.Our life is really affected.I hope you can respond quickly，so that we’ll succeed in getting back our fertile land.。