Bamberger案例分析答案
书后案例分析题参考答案
书后案例分析题参考答案1-1管理理论真能解决实际问题吗？（P20）分析提示:社会系统理论认为,组织是一个开放系统,它与外部环境不断进行能量和信息的交换,同时,系统又是由许多子系统组成的,各子系统之间又是相互影响相互作用的。
权变理论认为组织和组织成员的行为是复杂的,加之环境的复杂性和不断的变化,使得普遍适用的有效管理方法实质上是不可能存在的。
尽管主管人员早已体会到没有一种可以到处适用的最佳方法,但却难以确定所有影响的随机因素,并指明它们的关系。
1-2案例:美欧日改革的三部曲（P21）分析提示:1、美欧日跨国公司改革的三部曲可能在这些方面给中国的企业产生影响:产品与市场的紧密程度；产品的科技含量；企业机构合理性、科学性以及与市场的匹配性；经营战略与重心的调整；战略重组与企业制度的改革等。
这些跨国公司都将长远战略放在中国,这样对中国企业产生威胁。
中国企业必须在环境分析的基础上审时度势,在充分分析国际跨国公司经营战略与策略的前提下,制定有效的应对策略。
2、应对全球化和信息化的经济发展浪潮,中国企业首先要分析自己在世界市场上的优势与劣势,扬长避短地挖掘自身的优势与潜力；做好市场细分与市场定位的工作,使自己在市场竞争中有差异化存在,这样才能经受住考验。
1-3深深浅浅话海尔（P24）问题:1、海尔的企业文化是完美无缺的吗？2、海尔创建了一套完整的中国企业文化,它为推动海尔走向世界在企业员工中起了导向作用、激励作用和凝聚作用。
在七个层次的海尔文化中哪一层次是最关键、最重要的？3、联系海尔实际谈谈你对企业文化的理解。
分析提示:1、不存在完美无缺的企业文化,只有较适合企业情况的文化。
海尔的文化适应了海而发展的需要,得以体现。
如须进行改进的话,还须创造一个给员工更多发展空间的环境和机会,激励员工为企业发展做更多的奉献。
2、企业文化是一种共同认同的价值观。
海尔文化能够得以淋漓尽致的体现,表明它是企业员工的一种共识。
3、企业文化最关键的层次是精神文化,它体现了企业精神和大家认同的价值观,海尔文化也不例外。
格罗宝尔集成墙饰高一生物关注癌症2
（1）原癌基因和抑癌基因： （好基因）
遗传物质发生改变
（2）癌变的机理：原癌基因和抑癌基因等基因 发生基因突变的结果
物理、化学、病毒致癌因子（外因）
正常 细胞
原癌基因和抑癌基因突变（内因） 癌
细 胞
癌症的预防
1、在个人日常生活中，避免接触物理 的、化学的、病毒的等各种致癌因子；
2、注意增强体质，保持健康心态，养成 良好的生活习惯，从多方面积极采取保 护措施。
1951年至今
一位黑人妇女，医学界利用她的宫颈癌细 胞分离后培养出很多同种癌细胞,建立起 “海拉细胞系”。从1951年至今，世界上 许多实验室都仍广泛使用。
大小不一，不规则
细胞膜表面糖蛋白减少,黏性减少,
分散的癌细胞——易扩散
致癌因子
物理致癌因子：主要指辐射。如紫外线， X射线 、热辐射等 化学致癌因子：无机化合物如砷化物、铬 化物；有机化合物如亚硝 胺、黄曲霉毒素、苯等 病毒致癌因子：指能使细胞发生癌变的病毒。 如：Rous肉瘤病毒、 乙肝病 毒、EB病毒等
癌细胞的扩散和转移
广岛和长崎两地的 原子弹受害者白血 病和皮肤癌的发病 率明显高于其他 地区。
原子弹在广岛上空爆炸
鳞状皮肤癌
部分肿瘤症状
表皮痣
演 稿
示 1
文
2 3 后 等
格罗宝尔集成墙饰 亚叀夻 格罗宝尔集成墙饰
本节学习任务：
1、理解癌细胞的概念 2、掌握癌细胞的主要特征
3、致癌因子和细胞癌变的机理
材料1：
2002年我国人口死亡原因统计（前七位） 死亡原因 脑血管疾病 癌 症 呼吸系统疾病 心 脏 病 损伤与中毒 消化系统疾病 泌尿生殖系统疾病 死亡率（/10万人） 240.95 223.61 206.06 173.49 95.61 41.2 17.64
LPN48-3
LABORATORY PRIMATENEWSLETTERVol. 48, No. 3Ju ly 2009JUDITH E. SCHRIER, EDITORJAMES S. HARPER, GORDON J. HANKINSON AND LARRY HULSEBOS, ASSOCIATE EDITORS MORRIS L. POVAR AND JASON MACHAN, CONSULTING EDITORSELVA MATHIESEN, ASSISTANT EDITORALLAN M. SCHRIER, FOUNDING EDITOR, 1962-1987Published Quarterly by the Schrier Research LaboratoryPsychology Department, Brown UniversityProvidence, Rhode IslandISSN 0023-6861POLICY STATEMENTThe Laboratory Primate Newsletter provides a central source of information about nonhuman primates and related matters to scientists who use these animals in their research and those whose work supports such research. The Newsletter (1) provides information on care and breeding of nonhuman primates for laboratory research, (2) disseminates general information and news about the world of primate research (such as announcements of meetings, research projects, sources of information, nomenclature changes), (3) helps meet the special research needs of individual investigators by publishing requests for research material or for information related to specific research problems, and (4) serves the cause of conservation of nonhuman primates by publishing information on that topic. As a rule, research articles or summaries accepted for the Newsletter have some practical implications or provide general information likely to be of interest to investigators in a variety of areas of primate research. However, special consideration will be given to articles containing data on primates not conveniently publishable elsewhere. General descriptions of current research projects on primates will also be welcome.The Newsletter appears quarterly and is intended primarily for persons doing research with nonhuman primates. Back issues may be purchased for $10.00 each. We are no longer printing paper issues, except those we will send to subscribers who have paid in advance. We will not accept future subscriptions, unless subscribers are willing to pay $100/year. (Please make checks payable to the Brown University Psychology Department.) Readers with access to electronic mail may receive a notice when a new issue is put on the Website by sending the message subscribe LPN-WARN your-own-name to listserv@.(Send the message subscribe LPN-PDF to receive PDF files by e-mail; or the message subscribe LPN-L to receive the nongraphic contents of each issue.) Current and back issues of the Newsletter are available on the World Wide Web at </primate>. Persons who have absolutely no access to the Web, or to the electronic mailing, may ask to have paper copies sent to them.The publication lag is typically no longer than the three months between issues and can be as short as a few weeks. The deadline for inclusion of a note or article in any given issue of the Newsletter has in practice been somewhat flexible, but is technically the tenth of December, March, June, or September, depending on which issue is scheduled to appear next. Reprints will not be supplied under any circumstances, but authors may reproduce their own articles in any quantity.PREPARATION OF ARTICLES FOR THE NEWSLETTER. – Articles, notes, and announcements may be submitted by mail, e-mail, or computer disk, but a printed copy of manuscripts of any length or complexity should also be sent by regular mail.. Articles in the References section should be referred to in the text by author(s) and date of publication, e.g., Smith (1960) or (Smith & Jones, 1962). Names of journals should be spelled out completely in the References section. Latin names of primates should be indicated at least once in each note and article. In general, to avoid inconsistencies within the Newsletter, the Latin names used will be those in Mammal Species of The World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd Ed. D. E. Wilson & D. M. Reeder (Eds.). Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1993. For an introduction to and review of primate nomenclature see The Pictorial Guide to the Living Primates, by N. Rowe, Pogonias Press, 1996.All correspondence concerning the Newsletter should be addressed to:Judith E. Schrier, Psychology Department, Box 1853, Brown UniversityProvidence, Rhode Island 02912 [401-863-2511; FAX: 401-863-1300]e-mail address: primate@Current and back issues of the Newsletter are available on the World Wide Web at/primateACKNOWLEDGMENTSThe Newsletter is supported by Brown University.Cover photograph of ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta),taken at the San Diego Zoo by Paul Wilde, 1997Copyright © 2009 by Brown UniversityThe Effects of Exposure to an Expanded Environmental Enrichment Program onSelect Individual Behaviors in BaboonsAmy K. Goodwin, Susan A. James, Kelly E. Lane, Michael C. McDermott, Rebecca L. Rodgerson, and Nancy A. Ator Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of BehavioralBiologyIn our laboratory, we had often discussed our desire to create an area in which our singly housed, adult male ba-boons could be released to exercise. The opportunity to do so arose when an environmental enrichment grant from the Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing at Johns Hopkins University provided funding for such a project. Thus, the goals of the present study were to cre-ate an area large enough for baboons to safely engage in species-specific behavior (i.e., free movement, explora-tory behavior, foraging) and to learn whether exposure to this environment would be correlated with changes in target behaviors considered indicators of psychological well-being.MethodsSubjects: Six adult male baboons (Papio anubis; Primate Imports, New York, NY, or Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, TX) served as sub-jects in the present study. The six baboons (BB, DC, SY, CY, DE and SC) had been in the laboratory for at least three years and had been subjects in behavioral pharma-cology studies. During the present study, the behavioral pharmacology studies in which they participated included acute exposure to psychoactive compounds. Subjects were individually housed in stainless steel primate cages equipped with a bench running along one cage wall. The home cages, which provided 10 square feet of floor space (46.5 cubic feet total space), also served as the experi-mental chambers, so the behavioral pharmacology ex-periments took place in the home cage. Such experiments typically involve the use of one or more levers, stimulus lights, tones, and food pellet delivery. The baboons had visual and auditory access to other baboons.The baboons had continuous access to tap water from a spout at the front of their cages and received a daily ration of Lab Diet (®PMI Nutrition International) or Pri-mate diet (®Harlan Teklad) biscuits, one or two pieces of Amy K. Goodwin, Johns Hopkins Univ. Sch. of Med., Behav-ioral Biology Research Center, 5510 Nathan Shock Dr., Suite 3000, Baltimore, MD 21224 [410-550-2781; fax: 410-550-2780; e-mail: Goodwin@].The establishment of the enrichment room was made possi-ble through an Animal Welfare Enhancement Award made by the Johns Hopkins University Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing. The authors would also like to thank Dan Rodgerson for the technical expertise he lent to the project, and Robert J. Adams, DVM, for helpful comments during the protocol review process and manuscript preparation.fresh fruits or vegetables daily, and children’s chewable multivitamins. Daily feeding occurred in late morning (never prior to time spent in the enrichment room). The enrichment program already established in the colony, which included human interaction, access to three or more toys (forage boxes, puzzle feeders, mirrors, Kong® toys, wood logs), and music continued without change during the present study.The overhead lights in the housing room were on for 13 h/day (6:00-19:00 h) and off for the remaining 11 h/day. Natural light also illuminated the room.Routine physical examinations (under ketamine hy-drochloride anesthesia) occurred every two weeks or ap-proximately once per month, depending on the study in which each subject was serving.All protocols were approved by the Johns Hopkins University Animal Care and Use Committee. Animal care and use and facility maintenance followed the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (1996) and the U. S. Animal Welfare Regulations. Johns Hopkins University is accredited by the Association for Assess-ment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care Inter-national.Room Construction: It was vital that the time and effort required to create the enrichment room space be manage-able and that the expense stay below the $6000 received for the project from the Animal Welfare Enhancement Award. Ultimately, by using resources already available to us, we were able to manage the time and effort required without affecting the normal daily functioning in the labo-ratory.The space designated for the enrichment room had been constructed as an animal housing room (i.e., wall and floor surfaces met Guide standards; air was vented externally), and all environmental aspects (e.g., tempera-ture and humidity) were controllable by laboratory per-sonnel. The space was not needed for housing animals when the project began. The room has 145.8 square feet of floor space (663.5 cubic feet of total space), a fully functional sink, and a steel railing on three walls.A door had to be constructed such that baboons would be able to be safely transferred in and out of the room using the shuttle system described below. In order to accomplish this without permanently altering the room, a door measuring 83.25” by 47.25” was made of aluminumsheets in a frame of 3” x 1.25” 6061 architectural alumi-num, and installed in the existing door frame in front of the existing door (see Figure 1). A sub-frame containing a portion of the front wall of an old baboon cage was mounted in the center of the new aluminum door and welded to the larger door frame such that the shuttle cage could be connected to the embedded guillotine-style door. Once the shuttle is attached, the guillotine-style doors on the shuttle cage and the new “cage front” door are opened and the baboon is able to pass from the shuttle into the room. The cage front door is shut behind the baboon. When a baboon is not in the room, the aluminum door functions as any door would, allowing personnel into theroom so that it may be cleaned between baboons.Figure 1: The door constructed to safely transfer baboons in and out of the enrichment room.A painted wooden structure was also manufactured to block baboon access to the sink and its pipes (see Figure 2).The structure is hinged at the front, allowing easy ac-cess to the sink by personnel; fasteners prevent the baboon from opening the lid to the sink. Electrical outlets were covered with metal plates that were screwed in over them. Experimental Design and Procedures: The psychologi-cal well-being of nonhuman primates must be based on individual needs, thus a single-subject design was used in which each subject served as his own experimental control (Sidman, 1960). A subject’s target behavior was meas-ured before the intervention (i.e., exposure to enrichment room) and then measurements in the home cage continued as baboons were periodically exposed to the enrichment room. Prior to any enrichment room exposure, the fre-quency of the target behavior in the home cage was re-corded using a time-sampling procedure (Martin & Pear, 1992) in which 2-minute observations were conducted every hour for 8 hours (i.e., every hour from 7 a.m. to 3 p.m.) at least three days a week, over at least three weeks (i.e., a minimum of 72 two-minute observations). After subjects began spending time in the enrichment room, the home cage observations occurred once per week on a day when the baboon was not scheduled to be in the enrich-ment room (e.g., eight 2-minute observations on Fridays). Figure 2: A baboon in the enrichment room. The wooden structure on the left is the painted and hinged structure used to block baboon access to a sink located in the enrichment room. Shown in the picture are various types of plastic zoo balls, plas-tic tires, tree branches, mirrors, plastic chains, and cardboard for shredding. In addition, small food items (e.g., raisins, peanuts, cashews, popcorn, sunflower seeds, etc.) are placed throughoutthe room to encourage foraging behavior.The frequency of behaviors was recorded by the ob-server marking a behavioral checklist that included the following behaviors: pacing, rocking, bouncing, circling, self-biting, self-grooming, sleeping, huddled posture, masturbating, aggressive behaviors, playing with toy, lip-smacking, grunting, eating, and drinking. Similar behav-iors have been defined previously in our lab as a part of assessments to examine acute and chronic drug effects (Ator et al., 2000; Goodwin et al., 2005; Goodwin et al., 2006).Three baboons (BB, DC, and SY) were identified as exhibiting behaviors in their home cages for which a de-crease in the frequency may indicate improvement in psy-chological well-being. For baboon BB, the behaviors were pacing and circling in his home cage. For baboons DC and SY, a “huddled” posture, operationally defined assitting with chin on chest and being unresponsive to nor-mal stimuli (e.g., our saying his name or offering food treats), was identified as such a behavior. In addition, baboon SY was identified as engaging in excessive grooming. For all three baboons, manipulating items/toys provided in the home cage was identified as a behavior for which increases in frequency may signal improve-ments in psychological well-being and was also recorded.Periodic cage washes (e.g., every two weeks) require baboons to be transferred out of their home cages and into a temporary cage via a “shuttle”. After the shuttle is at-tached to the front of a baboon’s home cage, the guillo-tine style doors on the cage front and shuttle front are lifted and the baboon is able to enter the shuttle. The doors are then shut, and the baboon is transferred to a temporary cage while his home cage is washed. The same procedures are used to transfer the baboons back to their home cages. Although most baboons readily par-ticipate in this procedure, some baboons consistently re-quire coaxing to enter the shuttle. Typically, veterinary technicians attempt to coax baboons into the shuttle by placing fruit in it, and when this fails, the back wall of the home cage is cranked forward so baboons have no choice but to enter the shuttle. In these extreme situations, ba-boons may experience some level of stress associated with the cage wall being cranked forward.Three baboons (CY, DE, and SC) from the colony were identified as consistently required coaxing and/or cranking of the back wall in their home cage in order to transfer them in the shuttle for routine cage washes. De-creasing the time taken for these baboons to enter the shuttle was presumed to lower the stress levels experi-enced by these baboons when they require such transfer.Exposure to the enrichment room began after pre-intervention data had been collected. Between 7 a.m. and 12 p.m. (i.e., prior to daily feedings), individual baboons were transported from their home cages to the enrichment room in the shuttle 2-3 times per week. Two dependent variables were used to measure the effectiveness of expo-sure to the enrichment room:1.Target Behaviors: For baboons BB, DC, and SY, the frequency of the behavior(s) identified for each baboon as described above (i.e., circling/pacing, huddled posture, excessive grooming, and handling toys) were systemati-cally recorded by a trained observer before any subject entered the room (i.e., in the weeks prior to entering the enrichment room the first time) using checklists described above.2.Shuttle Behavior: For baboons CY, DE and SC, the latency to enter the shuttle for transportation was re-corded in multiple instances before any exposure to the enrichment room; recording continued after exposure to the enrichment began. The maximum latency to enter the shuttle voluntarily was defined as five minutes, after which time the back wall was cranked forward to leave the baboon with no choice but to enter the shuttle.Each baboon spent 30 minutes in the enrichment room where he had access to numerous objects and toys manu-factured or otherwise suggested for nonhuman primates, including tires, various types of plastic balls, trees, mir-rors, wood pieces, knotted ropes, plastic chains, etc. (see Figure 2; Bio-Serv, Frenchtown, NJ; Desert Plastics, Al-buquerque, NM; Otto Environmental, Milwaukee, WI; Primate Products Inc., Woodside, CA; and Steiner Enter-prises, Lafayette, IN). The same objects were kept in the room, but were cleaned and arranged differently between baboon visits. In addition, small food items (e.g., raisins, peanuts, cashews, popcorn, sunflower seeds) were placed throughout the room for each baboon to encourage forag-ing behavior. The objects manipulated and duration spent in the enrichment room were recorded for each baboon.After 30 minutes, the shuttle was pushed up against the guillotine door to the room and the doors on the shut-tle and the cage door were raised for transportation to the home cage. Baboons typically returned readily to the shuttle. If a baboon did not do so, a technician placed a piece of fruit in the shuttle to coax the baboon into it. As noted above, daily feeding (i.e., primate biscuits and fresh produce) was restricted to post-enrichment room partici-pation, to increase the likelihood that baboons resisting entering the shuttle might be coaxed with the fruit.Data Analysis: Data are presented for individual ba-boons. As subjects were also participants in on-going behavioral pharmacology studies, only data collected on days when no drugs were administered were included in this data analysis. As described above, a time-sampling procedure was used to assess the frequency of a specific behavior in the home cage for any given day Martin & Pear,1992).Thus, the total number of episodes across the eight 2-min.observations (one each hour for eight con-secutive hours)that occurred in one 24-hr period was av-eraged across days for the periods before and after en-richment room exposure. In addition, the 2-min. observa-tions were combined within each day by adding the fre-quency of occurrences of any given behavior and then dividing the total frequency by the number of total min-utes spent observing in order to express a rate. In this way, the rate for each day served as an independent ob-servation for comparing frequencies before and during exposure to the enrichment room using Student’s t-test (one-tailed).For the individual latencies to enter the transport shuttle, logarithmic transformation of individual latencies were analyzed using Student’s t-test (one-tailed). Changes in the mean frequency of a specific behavior, or the mean latency to enter the shuttle, were deemed statis-tically significant at the 0.05 level or better for individual baboons after exposure to the enrichment room.The data are also presented in graph form as (1) the mean (±SD) frequency of each measure for each baboon prior to any exposure in the enrichment room (PRE) and (2) the frequency of that measure following each expo-sure to the room. In this way, patterns of change over time as a result of repeated exposure to the enrichment room may be detected.ResultsFor baboon BB, repetitive pacing/circling in the home cage was identified as the target behavior prior to the start of this study. Using the time-sampling procedure de-scribed above, the mean (±SD) frequency of pac-ing/circling episodes in the home cage prior to any visits to the enrichment room was 2.19 (±1.39) (see Figure 3). After exposure to the enrichment room, the mean (±SD) number of pacing/circling episodes significantly de-creased to 0.643 (±0.63) (t=3.948; p=0.0002).Figure 3: The mean frequency of pacing/circling episodes per two-minute interval in the home cage of baboon BB. Data here, and in Figures 4, 5, and 6, are the mean (±SD) frequency ob-tained using a time-sampling procedure before exposure to the enrichment room (PRE), and the frequency observed following exposure to the enrichment room.For baboons DC and SY, a “huddled” posture was identified as a target behavior for which a decrease fol-lowing exposure to the enrichment room may indicate an improvement in psychological well-being (see Figure 4). As noted previously, the “huddled” posture is defined as sitting with chin on chest and being unresponsive to nor-mal stimuli. For baboon DC, the mean (±SD) frequency of the “huddled” posture prior to exposure to the enrich-ment room was 5.25 (±1.29). The mean frequency after exposure decreased to 4.21 (±1.31), a statistically signifi-cant decrease (t=2.02; p=0.03; see Figure 4). For baboon SY, the frequency of “huddled” posture observed in the home cage also decreased after exposure to the enrich-ment room. Prior to the first exposure to the enrichment room, the mean (±SD) frequency of a “huddled” posture for SY was 1.88 (±1.37). This was significantly de-creased to 0.71 (±0.83) (t=2.92; p=0.003).Figure 4: The mean frequency of “huddled” posture per two-minute interval in the home cages of baboons DC and SY.Excessive grooming was also identified as a target behavior for baboon SY for which a decrease in the fre-quency may signal an improvement in his psychological well-being (see Figure 5). The mean (±SD) frequency of grooming episodes prior to exposure to the enrichment room was 3.77 (±1.45). The mean (±SD) frequency of grooming episodes after exposure decreased to 2.36 (±0.74), a statistically significant decrease (t=3.34;p=0.0008).Figure 5: The mean frequency of grooming episodes per two-minute interval in the home cage of baboon SY.Figure 6: The mean frequency of episodes of “playing with toys” per two-minute interval in the home cage of baboon BB.Behaviors for which an increase in frequency might signal improved psychological well-being were also char-acterized. For baboon BB, there was a significant in-crease in the frequency of “playing with toys” in his home cage after exposure to the enrichment room (t=4.48; p<0.0001). As shown in Figure 6, the frequency since exposure to the enrichment room generally increased. Prior to enrichment room exposure, the mean (±SD) fre-quency of baboon BB “playing with toys” in the home cage was 2.27 (±1.91). After the first exposure, the mean (±SD) frequency was 4.9 (±1.54).Figure 7: The mean (±SD) latency (min.) to enter the shuttle from the home cages of baboons DE and CY before (PRE) ex-posure to the enrichment room and after exposure. The maxi-mum latency was five min., after which the back wall of the home cage was cranked forward.Some of SY’s and DC’s behaviors in the home cage that may signal improvement in psychological well-being when increased (i.e., playing with toys, lip smacking, and grunting) were not significantly changed (data not shown) after exposure to the enrichment room.The latency to enter the shuttle for transportation from the home cage to the enrichment room was studied in three baboons (DE, CY, SC) known to require coaxing, and often cranking the back wall of the home cage, to get them into the shuttle. As shown in Figure 7, baboon DE required a mean (±SD) latency of 3.45 (±1.82) minutes to enter the shuttle prior to any exposure in the enrichment room. After the first exposure, the mean latency to enter the shuttle significantly decreased (t=7.4; p<0.0001). For baboon CY, the mean (±SD) latency to enter the shuttle prior to exposure was 0.53 ± 0.57 minutes, a significant decrease after exposure (t=2.1; p=0.023).Despite coaxing with fruit, one baboon (SC) failed to return to the shuttle after entering the enrichment room. Fortunately, the baboon was one who readily pressed his thigh up against the bars for ketamine injections in the home cage and also did so in the enrichment room. While ketamine is routinely used in lab settings for its sedative effects, it is a drug with potential for abuse, and studies have illustrated that nonhuman primates will self-administer ketamine (Lukas et al., 1984; Moreton et al., 1977). Thus, since intramuscular ketamine clearly served as a reinforcer for this baboon, the veterinary technician was able to sedate the animal with ketamine in order to remove him from the room. When this also needed to be done at the end of his second visit to the room, this ba-boon was dropped from the study.DiscussionThe objective of the present study was to improve the quality of life for baboons in our lab through exposure to an expanded environmental enrichment program. We could not simply assume, however, that exposure to the enrichment room would result in an improvement in the psychological well-being of our subjects. Thus, we iden-tified three baboons with maladaptive behaviors in their home cages and compared the frequency of these behav-iors prior to enrichment room exposure to the frequency of the same behaviors after exposure, and found signifi-cant decreases in their frequency.In addition, we found that two baboons would more readily enter the transport shuttle after exposure to the enrichment room. That is, the stress resulting from crank-ing the back wall forward and “forcing” baboons out of the cage and into the shuttle for transport no longer oc-curs for these baboons, since they now readily enter the shuttle. This is important because baboons must be trans-ported out of their home cages for regular cage washes.Thus, our data support the idea that exposure to the enrichment room improved the psychological well-being of the baboons. In addition, while only one of the ba-boons showed an increase in the use of toys in his home cage, it is possible the baboons experienced significant increases in their psychological well-being that were un-detected by our outcome measures. Moreover, by docu-menting the smaller objects manipulated (e.g., Kong® toys, balls made of different materials, plastic chains, mirrors) while the baboons were in the enrichment room, we also were able to identify individual toy preferences for individual baboons. This has resulted in more effec-tive enrichment being provided in the home cages.Another goal was simply to increase the amount of activity in which the baboons were able to engage. Tech-nicians consistently noted in the records that baboons spend a majority of time in the enrichment room moving around and “exploring.”A discussion of promoting the psychological well-being of nonhuman primates in laboratories would not be complete without mentioning possible causes of abnormal cage behaviors. While it is not possible to know why one baboon engages in maladaptive behaviors when others do not, one theory with an abundance of evidence asserts that removing an infant from his mother’s care too soon can result in the formation of abnormal cage behaviors later in life (Altmann, 2001; Bellanca & Crockett, 2002). Neither information about the age at which a baboon was removed from his mother’s care, nor descriptions of early life experiences, are routinely provided with nonhuman primates upon arrival at research facilities. For example, while the actual age of baboon BB is not known, he was a wild-caught baboon who weighed a mere 8.2 kg and was lacking his canine teeth upon arrival, leaving no doubt he arrived as a juvenile. Moreover, when he arrived at quar-antine (and for a period of time after arriving in our facil-ity), BB was housed with a second male baboon that was bigger and dominated BB. Thus, the cage behaviors ex-hibited by BB later in life may have been shaped as a consequence of being taken from his mother too soon and/or being caged with a dominant older male early in life. While many factors certainly influence the formation of maladaptive behaviors, housing and rearing conditions, early life experience, and colony procedures clearly play a role. Indeed, a retrospective analysis in a colony of rhesus macaques concluded that factors influencing the development of stereotypic and self-injurious behaviors in rhesus macaques included intrinsic factors (i.e., males exhibit more maladaptive behaviors than did females), rearing conditions, housing conditions, colony manage-ment practices, and research protocols (Lutz et al., 2003). Regardless of the cause of abnormal cage behaviors, it is important to examine how environmental enrichment may be useful for decreasing these behaviors.Since we ended our data collection, the enrichment room has been available for all baboons in our colony, and we have encountered baboons that do not readily return to the shuttle for transportation back to their home cages. Specifically, we have had three instances, other than the one reported above, when baboons would not readily exit the enrichment room. In these instances, the technicians tried to coax the baboon into the shuttle by placing fruit in it, but found it required considerable time before the baboons would exit. That is, after a period of 1-4 hours baboons eventually returned to the shuttle, and those baboons are not currently visiting the enrichment room. Other methods for encouraging return to the shut-tle, however, are being tried. For example, we have found that turning off the room light was successful with one baboon. Based on our experience during and after the present study, 30-45 minutes seems to be the ideal amount of time in the room after which the majority of baboons will readily exit the room without incident.It is our hope that other laboratories will use an en-richment room for caged nonhuman primates and will find it a valuable tool for increasing their psychological well-being. Facilities that house very large numbers of nonhuman primates may find it difficult to expend the time, space, and money to offer such enrichment to all animals. While it would be wonderful to give all the animals in a lab access to an enrichment room, it would not be as expensive to at least provide it to those animals who need it most. Indeed, our data support the notion that the psychological well-being of nonhuman primates exhibiting maladaptive behaviors can improve by expo-sure to an enrichment room.It should be noted, however, that some unique vari-ables may have contributed to our success. The veteri-nary technicians in the Division of Behavioral Biology are responsible for the daily care of the same animals, and the baboons serve as subjects in behavioral experiments for a number of years (i.e., studies are not terminal). Thus, the baboons are extremely familiar with their vet-erinary technicians. In addition, the baboons have a his-tory of shuttling for cage washes and so the act of moving from their home cages to the enrichment room was famil-iar to them. Nonetheless, exposing baboons with target behaviors indicative of poor psychological well-being to the enrichment room resulted in an apparent improvement in psychological well-being. The ease of replication of the enrichment room in other nonhuman primate colonies is contingent on the availability of space, time, and some financial support.In conclusion, participation in the expanded enrich-ment program enhanced the standard enrichment provided in the home cages, and also appeared to improve the psy-chological well-being of individual baboons with identi-fied maladaptive behaviors in our research program. We。
新教材高中生物第4章人与环境专项培优学生用书新人教版选择性必修2(含答案)
新教材高中生物学生用书新人教版选择性必修2：专项培优四章末排查强化主干知识理脉络1.“网络法”理清生态工程的基本原理2．“表格法”记忆生态工程的实例(1)生态工程设计的常用方法之一是食物链(网)的“相接”。
例如，在稻田养鱼的农业生态工程中，鱼与稻原属于不同生态系统的食物链(网)，但在人为调控下，将一些草食性鱼、滤食性鱼和杂食性鱼的鱼苗放养在稻田中，使稻田生态系统的结构有所改变，物质循环和能量流动更为合理。
(2)生态工程设计的常用方法之二是食物链(网)的“加环”。
“加环”可为未被利用的能量部分找到出路。
例如，用玉米的副产品玉米芯生产木糖醇等，其残余物用来培养食用菌，培养食用菌后的残余物再用来养殖蛆蛹，蛆蛹粪再作为优良有机肥还田等。
4教材第113页►【复习与提高】一、选择题1．D 袁隆平培育出高产杂交水稻利用了遗传(基因)多样性。
2．D3．(1)B 森林既利于保持水土，又可获得经济效益，是人与自然协调的关键。
(2)C 稻—鱼—鸭生态种养模式使物质得到分层分级的利用，提高了能量的利用率。
二、非选择题1．开放性问题，答案合理即可。
2．提示：不认同。
人口、科技进步和资源与环境之间应当是一种相互协调的关系。
人类不仅要大力加强科技进步，还要加强有关资源与环境的法制建设和国际之间的广泛合作，以使全球人口增长得到合理的控制，资源得到合理的利用，生态环境不再遭到破坏并且朝着改善的方向发展。
总之，我们应正确处理它们之间的关系，践行经济、社会和生态相互协调的可持续发展理念。
3．提示：(1)如图所示(2)该地区哺乳动物生存受到威胁的主要原因是偷猎和丧失栖息地，鸟类生存受到威胁的主要原因是丧失栖息地。
4．开放性问题，答案合理即可。
第一关：测基础判正误1．人类大量燃烧煤、石油等化石燃料，打破了生物圈中碳循环的平衡，形成温室效应，导致气温升高。
( )2．可持续发展的含义是“在不牺牲未来几代人需要的情况下，满足我们这代人的需要”，它追求的是自然、经济、社会的持久而协调的发展。
0098 组织行为学案例库
问题
衫本辰夫的管理方法表现了那些 组织发展的基本价值观？
这些价值观对组织发展有什么帮 助？
003 骨干员工为何要走？
张经理是A公司的人力资源部负 责人，近段时间他却烦恼透顶， 两位他所看重的公司业务骨干要 走。主要原因是该员工认为他现 在所做的贡献远大于回报，而且 事实的确如此。而公司则认为他 们所取得的成绩是因为有公司作 后盾，离了公司他们什么也不是， 又怎么会有作为？相持之下两人 一气走之。
衫本辰夫具有丰富的经历，办事坚 决、果断，一旦下了决心做好了准备 工作，就全力以赴，不屈不挠。他把 科学的管理思想升华到战略的高度， 并获得了成功。山本辰夫把企业的中 心工作转到了充实人才和提高员工素 质上来，他认为提高员工的素质关键 在于领导人的以身作则。因此直到现 在他还是坚持每天早上7时15分到公 司，以自己的实际行动作为大家的表 率。
问题
你认为工人应该做出让步并且应 该同意减工资吗？
如果你是公司的总裁，你将怎样 处理这种情况？
002 日本大河精工株式会社
日本大河精工株式会社创建初期， 充其量只是一家中小公司，发展到现 在成为世界上最大的渔具制造商，在 国际市场上占有20%的份额，在国内 的占有率更达31%。1962年，大河的 总经理松景义男通过讲课的机会认识 了东芝公司的质量管理科长衫本辰夫， 并说服东芝公司总经理士光敏夫将衫 本辰夫转入大河公司。于是衫本辰夫 以总经理的身份转入大河，半年后就 任总经理。
中租了一张桌子，作为自己的营业场所；没有现成的
客户，就从他们原先认识的朋友中开始介绍。整个公
司就两个人，所有推销、搬运、验货、送货等全部工
作都是两人亲自来干，辛苦自不必说。公司刚开始主
要经营打印机，当时卖一台打印机的利润还是相当可
2020年高中数模美赛B题中文及解法思路
2020年高中数模美赛B题中文及解法思路2020年高中数模美赛B题中文及解法思路解法思路：1）计算48种濒危物种需要保护的费用，计算筹资额度，求出最佳筹资计划。
2) 根据48种濒危物种生存情况，用回归模型确定保护费用与时间的关系，从而确定筹资计划（时间线要求的资金）。
问题B问题：资助生物多样性保护参考为问题B提供的数据：在这些数据的情况下，电子表格显示了每个特定项目每年所需的预计资金。
数据单元格中的破折号（-）表示该特定项目不需要任何资金。
背景：数千种植物和动物面临着可能导致它们灭绝的威胁，而可以拯救它们的生物多样性保护行动往往是可用的。
当生物多样性保护资金有限时，保护管理者面临着艰难的决定。
管理者需要决定他们应该资助哪些项目来最好地实现他们的目标，其中最重要的是拯救最多的物种。
如果某些保护行动的效益因项目而异，这些行动对特定项目的成本不同，并且这些行动的可用资金远远少于支持所有拟议项目所需的资金，这一点尤为重要。
使这一问题变得更加困难的一个问题是，每个项目的时间线和生命周期各不相同。
保护项目可能需要数年或数十年的时间，项目期间产生成本的时间表可能会因项目的范围、位置、目标物种和负责机构的不同而有很大差异。
这意味着保护项目的预算必须为项目的整个生命周期提供足够的资金。
此外，管理人员需要密切监控其预算，以有效分配资金，因为资源需求因项目和时间而异。
例如，当一些项目需要更多资金时，他们需要确保有足够的资源可用，而当一些项目要求较少时，他们则需要充分利用。
目标：确定如何有效地投资于长期开展的濒危和受威胁物种的生物多样性保护活动，以及这些活动的预期成本随时间而变化。
HiMCM案例：佛罗里达州（美国）植物保护优先行动和资金佛罗里达州是植物生物多样性保护的热点之一，20%的物种受到威胁。
这些植物物种中只有2%（约64种）受到美国濒危物种法（ESA）的保护，但目前资金不足，无法保护数量有限的物种。
佛罗里达州珍稀植物保护基金会（FRPCE）（见附件A）是一个由保护管理人员牵头的信托基金，目的是随着时间的推移提供资金，以支持佛罗里达州发现的珍稀濒危植物物种的研究、保护和养护。
组织行为学常用案例分析题参考答案完整版
组织行为学常用案例分析题参考答案完整版《组织行为学》常见案例分析题参考答案:案例一参考答案或提示:开始组织较小, 采用的方法很使用这种较小的组织, 随着组织的变大, 管理者没有能力像以前一样的继续完成以前成功的方法, 管理方法不适应组织的进一步发展。
从组织变革的步骤着手分析。
案例二参考答案或提示:1、由职权之争引发冲突, 又因信息沟通障碍产生矛盾。
2、威恩解决矛盾的方法是可行的。
她采用了转移目标的策略, 如给她们设置一个共同的冲突者马德, 并促进明娟和阿苏之间沟通信息, 协调认知。
3、改进人际关系一定要体现平等的原则、互利原则和相容的原则。
让明娟和阿苏和平共处、互相谅解, 且告知她们未升迁的利益更大, 并使她们相信威恩的话。
这一过程启发我们应该依据人际交往的原则, 运用科学的方法, 帮助下属正确处理好人际关系方面的问题。
案例三参考答案或提示:1、王义堂现象说明领导者个人的实际管理水平与素质, 即真才实学很重要。
同时还说明, 王义堂采用的专制管理方式, 在技术相对简单和成熟、而管理又比较混乱的情况下, 具有很好的效力。
2、在当前研究王义堂现象, 有以下现实意义:A、改革应首先从企业领导人入手;B、改革的关键是管理创新。
要建立科学的管理制度并严格执行, 落到实处; 并根据客观实际情况, 适时调整领导人的管理方式。
C、改革要进行制度创新, 要在经营机制上把领导人的个人利益同组织利益相结合。
案例四参考答案或提示:１、我们根据钱德勒的组织结构理论便能发现, 陆振华的蚊香厂采用的是一种职能制( 或直线职能制) 组织结构。
２、根据钱德勒的组织结构理论和权变思想, 鲍发建议的产品型结构其实质是一种事业部制组织结构。
案例五参考答案或提示:1、因为唐文为了便于自己对公司进行集中领导, 有利于她实施控制和管理, 因此要对以前的组织结构进行改革。
改革后的组织结构是典型的直线职能结构: 它包含了直线关系、参谋和委员会, 管理层次分明。
[推荐学习]高中生物第1章孟德尔定律微专题突破 遗传定律中遗传特例分析浙科版必修2
![[推荐学习]高中生物第1章孟德尔定律微专题突破 遗传定律中遗传特例分析浙科版必修2](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/e57e1bd7770bf78a65295483.png)
微专题突破遗传定律中遗传特例分析1．分离定律异常分离比问题(1)当子代数目较少时，不一定符合预期的分离比。
如两只杂合黑豚鼠杂交，生下的4只小豚鼠不一定符合3黑∶1白的性状分离比，有可能只有黑色或只有白色，也有可能既有黑色又有白色，甚至还可能出现3白1黑。
(2)某些致死遗传因子导致遗传分离比变化①隐性致死：指遗传因子组成为隐性纯合子时，对个体有致死作用。
如镰刀型细胞贫血症，红细胞异常，使人死亡；植物中的白化遗传因子，使植物不能形成叶绿素，从而不能进行光合作用而死亡。
②显性致死：指显性遗传因子具有致死作用，如人的神经胶质症遗传因子(皮肤畸形生长，智力严重缺陷，出现多发性肿瘤等症状)。
显性致死又分为显性纯合致死和显性杂合致死。
③配子致死：指致死遗传因子在配子时期发生作用，从而不能形成有活力的配子的现象。
④合子致死：指致死遗传因子在胚胎时期或幼体阶段发生作用，从而不能形成活的幼体或个体的现象。
(3)不完全显性：F1的性状表现介于显性和隐性的亲本之间的显性表现形式，如紫茉莉的花色遗传中，红色花(RR)与白色花(rr)杂交产生的F1为粉红花(Rr)，F1自交后代有3种表现型：红花、粉红花、白花，性状分离比为1∶2∶1。
2．自由组合定律9∶3∶3∶1的变式存在aa(或bb)时表现为隐性性状其余正常表现双显、单显、双隐三种表现型双显性、双隐性和一种单显性表现为一种性状，另A 与B 的作用效果相同，但显性基因越多，强。
1(AABB)∶4(AaBB＋AABb)∶6(AaBb＋aaBB)∶4(Aabb ＋aaBb)∶1(aabb)1．金鱼草的花色由一对等位基因控制，AA 为红色，Aa 为粉红色，aa 为白色。
红花金鱼草与白花金鱼草杂交得到F 1，F 1自交产生F 2。
下列关于F 2个体的叙述错误的是( )A ．红花个体所占的比例为1/4B ．白花个体所占的比例为1/4C ．纯合子所占的比例为1/4D ．杂合子所占的比例为1/2【解析】 AA×aa→F 1(Aa ，粉红色)→F 2(1/4AA 红色，1/2Aa 粉红色、1/4aa 白色)，故F 2中纯合子所占的比例为1/2。
大学《制药工艺》章节试题及答案
大学《制药工艺》章节试题及答案第七章对乙酰氨基酚的生产工艺原理一、填空1. 对乙酰氨基酚又称，其结构式为。
3. 对乙酰氨基酚的合成路线主要有条，分别为是以、、为原料的合成路线。
4. 以苯酚为原料合成对氨基苯酚的路线有、、等。
5. 由对硝基苯酚还原为对氨基苯酚常用的方法有、、，其中、由于环境污染大，目前已被所代替。
6. 催化加氢法的优点是、、、7. 对亚硝基苯酚制备过程中的主要副产物是、、、等。
8. 由对亚硝基苯酚还原为对氨基苯酚的主要副产物有、、、等。
9. 以硝基苯为原料合成对氨基苯酚，常见的副产物主要是、、等。
二、单项选择题（下列各题有A、B、C、D 四个备选答案，请选择一个最佳答案）1. 由对硝基苯酚还原为对氨基苯酚，首选的还原方法是（）A. 硫化钠还原法B. 铁粉还原法C. 催化加氢法D. 电化学还原法2. 以硝基苯为原料，还原为中间体苯基羟胺，首选的还原方法是（）A. 铝粉还原法B. 催化加氢法C. 电化学还原法D. 铁粉还原法3. 以硝基苯为原料合成对氨基苯酚，生成的副产物不包括（）A. 苯胺B. 4,4’- 二氨基二苯醚C. 4-羟基-4’–氨基二苯胺D. 偶氮苯4. 由对氨基苯酚乙酰化合成对乙酰氨基酚的过程中，叙述不正确的是（）A. 该反应为可逆反应B. 需加入少量抗氧化剂（如亚硫酸氢钠）C. 副反应均是由于高温引起的D. 该反应为平行反应5. 由对氨基苯酚乙酰化合成对乙酰氨基酚的过程中，主要的副产物是（）A. 苯胺B. 4,4’- 二氨基二苯醚C. 亚胺醌D. 4,4’- 二羟基偶氮苯6. 由对氨基苯酚合成对乙酰氨基酚的过程中，反应条件不合适的是（）A. 用醋酐为乙酰化剂，反应可在较低温度下进行.B. 用醋酐—醋酸作酰化剂，可在80℃下进行反应；C. 用醋酐—吡啶，在150℃下可以进行反应；D. 用乙酰氯—吡啶为酰化剂，反应在60℃以下就能进行。
7. 在精制对乙酰氨基酚时，为保证产品的质量要加入何种物质（）A. 亚硫酸氢钠B. 碳酸氢钠C. 硫酸氢钠D. 硼酸钠A. Claisen重排B. Bamberger 重排C. Beckmann 重排D. Hofmann重排三、简答题1、从对硝基苯酚制备对氨基苯酚有几种还原方法？各有何优缺点？2、对氨基苯酚制备对乙酰氨基酚时，选择什么样的反应条件，反应中可能出现什么样的副反应？3. 对乙酰氨基苯酚工艺路线的选择主要依据是什么？五、合成题1. 写出以硝基苯为原料合成对乙酰氨基酚的工艺路线2．写出以对硝基苯酚钠为原料合成对乙酰氨基酚的工艺路线3. 写出以苯酚为原料合成对乙酰氨基酚的工艺路线第八章 诺氟沙星的合成工艺原理一、填空3. 在喹诺酮酸的环合过程中，由于取代基的定位效应和空间效应，主要生成 ，另外，还同时产生一个 副产物。
BAM-The_New_Face_of_BPM(cn)
我们讨论使用BAM的第二代新的策略解决业务问题之前，先要达成共识，什么是 BAM，这一点至关重要。通常在IT业，新出现的概念都有一个定义，然后被延伸， 最后整个儿被市场所改变。最后，当大家对同一个概念各有各的理解时，就不可避 免地产生混乱。
本质上，BAM用来监控和测量不同运作系统和业务流程的业务活动。这里的术语定 义可能有点让人困惑。特此澄清一下：业务流程描述完成特定业务行动所必须采取 的步骤，业务事务是流程的实际执行实例，流程事件则与事务的发生情况有关，如 如完成某个步骤的事务或出现一个错误。BAM的中心内容就在于这些事务和事件， 而它们又主要有以下四个主要属性：
事务数量
记录中变更的数量
流程事件数量
消耗的物品数量
事务收入
呼叫次数
流程收入
关闭的传票数
行业收入
错误数量
成本
安排发货日前的天数
利润
审计的合规事件数量
大多数公司刚开始应用BAM都是建立在这些基本的测量方法之上的。公司通常用这 些相关事项来定义事件，例如，超出了预先定义的临界值，或是统计异常，通过使 用BAM工具在事件发生时生成警告或采取措施。公司常常也要实时显示一个或多个 测量方法的行为或显示性能的历史记录，在整个业务过程中提供有价值的业务事件 流程信息。实际上，很多BAM供应商都将其描绘成仪表板，可以通过图形显示执行 情况，追踪和显示各种业务测量方法，管理层可以了解情况，并对业务执行信息做 出反应。
这段时期业务活动监控（BAM）的大部分重点放在业务流程的测评上。事实证明， 成果是相当丰硕的。但现在各公司开始着手应用更高一级的BAM专门技术，旨在解 决业务问题，期待不断增长的丰厚回报。一系列第二代策略的出现促进了BAM对业 务的更深入参与，比第一代业务流程测量方法更为有效。尤其是开发了以下三个新 的战略领域。
广西壮族自治区南宁市百济中学2021年高二生物下学期期末试题含解析
广西壮族自治区南宁市百济中学2021年高二生物下学期期末试题含解析一、选择题（本题共40小题，每小题1.5分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
）1. 从理论上分析下列各项，其中错误的是（）A．2倍体×4倍体→3倍体 B．2倍体×2倍体→2倍体C．3倍体×3倍体→3倍体 D．2倍体×6倍体→4倍体参考答案：C2. 基因工程是在DNA分子水平上进行设计施工的。
在基因操作的基本步骤中，不进行碱基互补配对的是A.人工合成目的基因B.目的基因与运载体结合C.将目的基因导入受体细胞D.目的基因的检测表达参考答案：C3. 下列各项中不属于影响内环境稳态的因素是（）A．温度B．酶C．pHD．渗透压参考答案：B4. 下列关于生物进化的叙述，正确的是（）A．用皮康霜治疗皮肤病，使用一段时间后，药效下降．这是由于引起皮肤病的病原体接触药物后，产生了对皮康霜药物有效成分的抗药性变异B．海南热带野生动植物园的公狮和母虎交配，产下不育的“狮虎兽”，说明狮子和老虎存在生殖隔离C．华南虎和东北虎的形成，是由于地理隔离导致生殖隔离的结果D．19世纪的英国工业革命，使灰色桦尺蛾变成新物种﹣﹣黑色桦尺蛾参考答案：B【考点】B3：生物进化与生物多样性的形成；B8：物种的概念与形成．【分析】种群是生物进化的基本单位．突变和基因重组提供进化的原材料，自然选择导致种群基因频率的定向改变．通过隔离形成新的物种．【解答】解：A、突变和基因重组提供进化的原材料，自然选择导致不能适应环境的不利变异个体淘汰．用皮康霜治疗皮肤病，使用一段时间后，能生存的病原体是抗药的病原体．故A错误．B、生殖隔离是指物种间不能交配或能交配但产生的后代是不可育的．故B正确．C、华南虎和东北虎的形成，是由于地理隔离导致的．但他们没有产生生殖隔离，是同一物种．故C 错误．D、桦尺蛾有灰色和黑色，由于灰色桦尺蛾不适应环境，被环境淘汰了．故D错误．故选：B．【点评】本题考查了生物进化与生物多样性的形成的相关内容．意在考查考生能理解所学知识的要点，把握知识间的内在联系的能力；5. 右图表示某种鱼迁入一生态系统后，种群数量增长率随时间变化的曲线，下列叙述正确的是（）A.在t0～t2时间内，种群数量呈“J”型增长B. 在t1～t2时，该鱼的种群数量呈下降趋势C.捕获该鱼的最佳时期为t2时D. 若在t2时种群的数量为N，则在t1时种群的数量为N/2参考答案：D6. 对隐性性状的正确表述是A. 后代中表现不出来的性状B. 后代中不常出现的性状C. 杂种F1未出现的亲本性状D .F2未出现的亲本性状参考答案：C当控制某种性状的基因都是隐性时，隐性基因控制的性状就会表现出来，例如矮茎豌豆的基因型是dd，A错误；后代中不常出现的性状与显隐性关系不大，B错误；具有相对性状的个体杂交，杂种F1未出现的亲本性状就是隐性性状，例如DD（高茎豌豆）×dd（矮茎豌豆）→Dd（矮茎豌豆），则矮茎豌豆没有表现出来，矮茎豌豆就是因性状，C正确；F2未出现的亲本性状无法说明显隐性，D错误．【考点定位】性状的显、隐性关系及基因型、表现型【名师点睛】生物的性状由基因控制，基因有显性和隐性之分；显性基因是控制显性性状发育的基因，隐性基因，是控制隐性性状的基因；生物体的某些性状是由一对基因控制的，当细胞内控制某种性状的一对基因都是显性或一个是显性、一个是隐性时，生物体表现出显性基因控制的性状；当控制某种性状的基因都是隐性时，隐性基因控制的性状才会表现出来．7. 有人用间接免疫荧光测定细胞表面抗原的分布；以不同荧光染料标记抗体，被标记的抗体分别与小鼠细胞和人细胞膜的抗原结合分别产生绿色和红色荧光，然后做下图所示的实验，对有关现象的解释错误的是( )A．抗体结合荧光物的部位不同于与抗原结合的部位，因而能介导荧光物标记膜抗原B．细胞膜具有流动性，因而能用适当诱导方法使两种细胞彼此融合C．膜分子在膜上扩散移动，因而才会发生融合后膜抗原的分布变化D．人和小鼠细胞具有相同的抗原，因而能借免疫系统制备标记抗体参考答案：D8. 兴奋的传导在体内只能是单向的，下列对这点的叙述不正确的是（）A．突触小体中有突触小泡，小泡中有递质B．递质释放到突触间隙里，使另一种神经元兴奋或抑制C．突触后膜中突触小泡内没有递质存在D．兴奋只能从一个神经元的轴突传给另一神经元的胞体或树突参考答案：C9. 某噬菌体的DNA为单链DNA，四种碱基的比率是A=0.28、G=0.32、T=0.24、C=0.16，当它感染宿主细胞时，能形成杂合型双链DNA分子，则杂合型双链DNA分子在上四种碱基A、G、C、T的比率依次是（）A. 0.24 0.16 0.32 0.28B. 0.26 0.24 0.24 0.26C. 0.28 0.32 0.24 0.16D. 0.24 0.26 0.26 0.24参考答案：B10. 人在饥饿状态下，体内血液中：①葡萄糖大幅度下降②葡萄糖浓度相对稳定③胰岛素含量减少④胰岛素含量增加⑤胰高血糖素含量增加⑥胰高血糖素含量减少A．①③⑤Ｂ．②③⑤Ｃ．①④⑥Ｄ．②④⑥参考答案：B11. 下列遵循基因的自由组合定律的是A．一对同源染色体相同位置上的等位基因B．两对同源染色体上的两对等位基因C．姐妹染色单体相同位置上的两个基因D．同一条染色体上的两个或多个基因参考答案：B试题分析：自由组合定律必须是非同源染色体上的非等位基因，故A错误,B正确，C、D错误。
Bamberger公司 管理统计案例
95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower
-11397.21357
F
平 均 效 率
Sig.
t
df
32
Upper
2001.79175
Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed
延长否 星 延长前 期 延长后 三
N 23 11
Std. Error Mean 17374.12254 30058.21326
Independent Samples Test Levene's Test for Equality of Variances t-test for Equality of Means Std. Sig. Error (2-tai Mean Differen led) Difference ce
数据分析 2. 2.数据分析
2.1 数据筛选：
Lev 收集一段连续时期的销售数据及会计提供的基本数据，但是其中有些周 的营业额明显偏高或偏低， 这是因为促销或公共假期等原因造成的，只使用他认 为营业状况正常的“典型”数据。因此要对收集的数据进行删选。 为了找出这些由于异常原因造成的数据，现对各个周每天的营业额进行分 析，得出异常的数据： � 删选方法：采用箱型图进行分析。 � 方法选择理由：箱型图简明地表达了样本数据的中心及离散特征，没有茎叶 图和直方图详细却能扼要地显示样本数据中心、范围、分布的主要特征。而 修正的箱型图是在原来的基础上把两端胡须“剪短”后所得到的箱型图。把 这个应用到该案例中就是将找出这些“胡须” ，剔除特别大或特别小的数据， 从而较为恰当地表达样本数据集合的基本特征。 通过选择，利用 SPSS 技术对公司星期一至星期日的销售额进行删选。其中 对星期一至星期日的销售额进行删选。考虑的因素是星期不同对销售额的影响， 因此以星期为删选单位，删选出各周星期 n（n 取 1 至 6）的销售额中的异样数 据，进行 6 次删选。具体删选结果如下：
麦肯锡案例分析题及答案
Client Goal: Should Great Burger acquire Heavenly Donuts as part of its growth strategy？Our client is Great Burger （GB) a fast food chain that competes head–to-head with McDonald's, Wendy's, Burger King, KFC, etc。
Description of Great BurgerGB is the fourth largest fast food chain worldwide, measured by the number of stores in operation。
As most of its competitors do，GB offers food and "combos” for the three largest meal occasions: breakfast，lunch, and dinner。
Even though GB owns some of its stores, it operates under the franchising business model with 85 percent of its stores owned by franchisees (individuals own and manage stores，pay franchise fee to GB，but major business decisions (e.g。
，menu，look of store) controlled by GB)。
McKinsey studyAs part of its growth strategy GB has analyzed some potential acquisition targets including Heavenly Donuts （HD），a growing doughnut producer with both a U。
案例分析：Bamberger百货公司
Bamberger’s百货公司一、案例背景Bamberger’s百货公司成立于1947年，是一家为社区提供大众性商品的零售商店，长期以来，Bamberger’s的口碑一直很好。
在Bamberger’s里，你几乎可以买到诸如从香水到链锯之类的任何东西。
他的顾客主要是中高收入的工薪家庭。
Bamberger’s的顾客服务有极好的声誉，针对每一位顾客的需要，公司提供范围广泛的各项服务。
正是基于这种原则和努力保持商店声誉的想法，公司实施了将营业时间延长至夜间的计划。
大约在一年之前, Bamberger’s的员工注意到,越来越多的顾客要求商店延长营业时间,以满足他们的购物需要。
一个家庭夫妇两人工作的趋势使家庭的空闲时间减少了许多，因此，在周末时，许多顾客试图避开诸如购物一类的“杂事”。
Bamberger’s对此的反映是将星期三的营业时间从9：00－18：00改为9：00－21：00。
本地区的竞争者跟着也采取了相同的行动，不过大多数选择在星期四和星期五延长营业时间。
Bamberger’s除星期三以外的其他几天的营业时间仍然为9：00－18：00。
促使改变营业时间的另一个动力是，在大多数顾客不上班时，公司销售额会有明显增加（例如，星期六的收入历来比星期一高）。
这一事实使Lev乐观地认为，晚上营业会给公司带来新的收益。
尽管受到雇员的强烈反对，方案仍被采纳。
Lev必须使人相信延长的营业时间带来的销售收益要大于延长营业时间带来的附加成本。
对此Lev很感到有些压力。
如果不能明确地证实这一点，他将面临着中断这项试验的强大压力。
二、案例资料Lev的统计学背景促使他开始收集数据，以研究星期三延长营业时间对销售的影响。
由于没有另外一间商店可用来做对比试验。
他决定收集一段连续时期的销售数据。
会计提供了基本的数据，但是其中有些周的销售额明显偏高或偏低，这是因为促销或公共假期等原因造成的。
他决定只使用他认为营业状况正常的典型数据。
营业时间延长的数据见表1，延长晚上营业时间后的数据见表2。
案例分析_印度博帕尔化学品泄漏事故
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（3）仅就工艺安全而言，可从本次事故吸取以下教训：
①需要对危害较大的工艺系统进行系统的工艺危害分析。 辨别工艺系统可能出现的偏离正常工况的情形，找出相关 的原因与后果，并提出消除或控制危害的改进措施，从而 提高系统的安全性能。
②建立和切实执行工艺系统的变更管理制度，严肃对待工 艺系统和操作／维修程序的变更。工艺系统的重要安全设 施（如本案例中的冷冻系统和火炬）之所以存在，都是为 了实现一定的工艺意图，不能随意取消或绕过它们；如果 确实需要这样做，应事先按照变更管理程序的要求，对新 的做法进行必要的危害分析，并依据分析结果落实必要的 安全措施。
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（1）缩短员工的培训时间。最初的人事政策，要求聘请受过高 等教育并获得学位者担任操作员，并为他们提供长达6个月的 脱产培训。为了节约成本，工厂放弃了这一政策，将操作人员 的培训时间由6个月减少至15天。
（2）减少员工数量。原本每个班组有1名班组主管、3名领班、 12名操作工和2名维修工，后来减至1名领班和6名操作工，不 再设班组主管。
事故工厂始建于1969年，从1980年起生产杀虫剂西维因 （SEVIN）。
投产初期由联合碳化总部委派了一名有良好安全意识和操 作经验的雇员担任厂长，并且实现了50万人工时无误工事故的 优良安全纪录。
由于政治等各种原因，1980年公司决定由一名印度本地员工 接替厂长职务。新厂长有很好的财务背景，但是对于安全和生 产知之甚少。从1982年起，由于干旱等原因，印度国内市场对 于该工厂的产品需求减少，1983年工厂的销售额下降了23％。 在本次事故发生之前，由于市场需求疲软，工厂停产了6个月。 期间，工厂管理层采取了一系列措施来节约成本，诸如：
【项目管理】项目管理案例题干系人分析案例
【项目管理】项目管理案例题《干系人分析案例》案例一TPMP与一家独立的非赢利性组织——“健康美国（HA）”进行合作。
目前，该组织正在根据美国总统制定的目标撰写关于医院卫生保健现状和质量的报告。
HA对这一项目进行管理，并由TPMP提供帮助。
该项目是受到政府高度关注的大型项目，政府授权与美国各主要城市的主要医院合作，并根据总统确定的具体目标对医院的业绩进行评估。
这项研究及报告工作开始于两年前。
你将协助项目经理比尔•史密斯明确项目干系人和他们各自的期望，以便于分析他们的需求和期望值，从而编制出更好的沟通计划。
比尔的上司是凯伦•帕莫尔，她希望确保在此项目中应用项目管理的相关方法。
杰雷米•彻克斯与凯伦同级，他认为项目管理方法是浪费时间，他认为此项目可能失败，并将失败原因全部归结于采用了项目管理方法。
比尔•史密斯所领导的团队成员包括凯特•萨利文和艾德华•萨勒兹，他们为项目进行研究。
由于这一项目对美国公民健康的意义重大，艾德华希望在项目研究上做出出色表现，以此使自己能够被提升到研究经理的职位上。
在研究完成后，项目将被推广到所有医院，弗兰•福雷利将接管附带研究和项目的后续工作。
你要帮助比尔创建矩阵分析以帮助他了解项目中可能出现的问题。
另外，媒体也对项目颇感兴趣，他们希望对项目既定目标的实现情况进行报道；而政府的健康福利署则代表总统对项目实施监控，它同时也是项目的出资者；而全美各大医院和公众则希望了解该项目将为他们带来怎样的帮助。
下面是你创建的干系人分析矩阵，通过它可以确定项目干系人的兴趣和风格。
表中各标题的含义如下：“类型”：项目干系人种类：C=客户，D=决策制定者，I=影响者，P=执行者，E=专家，N=无关人员；“时间”：最易受到影响的项目阶段：P=计划，E=执行，C=控制，CL=收尾，O=运作，A=所有阶段中都相等；“关注”：人们主要关注的内容，按照关注程度划分等级（H=高，M=中，I=低）：P=项目如何影响项目团队和HA公司人员，C=成本，Q=质量，S=进度计划；“变更”：项目干系人处理变更的等级评估：H=轻松处理变更，M=有能力处理变更，L=无法有效处理变更；“特别关注”此栏表示项目干系人具有的特殊需求和期望值。
高二历史人类文明的引擎2
[多选,案例分析题]患者女，3岁，因“头部摔伤1h”来诊。查体：体重15kg，面色苍白，呼吸微弱。心电监护：HR39次/min。急诊护士立即呼叫医师。若您为当班医师，急诊应尽快做的处理包括A.仰头提颏法开放气道B.推举下颌法开放气道C.鼻导管吸氧D.头罩吸氧E.面罩加压吸氧F.心脏按压（按 对药具管理人员的基本素质有那些要求？ 对于单相变压器，其额定容量为额定电压与其的乘积。 火花过多的原因和排除措施？ 若蛛网膜下腔出血集中在一侧外侧裂，则常继发于A.前交通动脉动脉瘤破裂B.后交通动脉动脉瘤破裂C.大脑前动脉动脉瘤破裂D.大脑中动脉动脉瘤破裂E.大脑后动脉动脉瘤破裂 子宫内膜癌Ⅱ期首选的手术治疗方法哪项恰当。A.全子宫+双附件切除B.全子宫及双附件切除+盆腔淋巴结清扫C.筋膜外子宫切除及双附件切除+盆腔淋巴结清扫D.子宫广泛切除+双附件切除+盆腔和腹主动脉旁淋巴结清扫E.化疗后行子宫广泛切除及双附件切除 椎间盘由以下几部分组成A.前纵韧带B.后纵韧带C.纤维环D.髓核E.软骨板 下列网络互连设备中，有两大典型功能，即数据通道功能和控制功能。A.路由器B.桥接器C.交换式集线器D.集线器 穿透力极强，可用于密封和整箱已包装的物品灭菌的是A.热压灭菌法B.干热空气灭菌法C.紫外灭菌法D.辐射灭菌法E.环氧乙烷灭菌法 缓冲区划分指标主要是。A.集水面积B.保护级别C.省界断面水域，用水矛盾突出的水域D.调（供）水量 扑灭金属火灾时，应采用金属性干粉或沙土.A.正确B.错误 女，42岁。胸中烦热，口苦咽干，腹痛喜暖，大便稀溏。临床诊断最可能是A.真寒假热证B.真热假寒证C.上热下寒证D.表实里虚证E.表热里寒证 下列关于心房颤动的描述错误的是。A.PR间期不固定B.心室律绝对不齐C.频率>350次／分D.V，导联的颤动
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Bamberger's 百货公司案例分析报告
假设：在此期间、此地区的经济环境变化不大
根据案例提供的数据，可知此百货公司的工人人数较多，假设延长营业时间增加的附加成本主要是人力成本
假设顾客在Bamberger’s与其竞争对手之间没有特别的偏好
那么：对销售额分析如下
延长营业时间后
分析：
设：F=(X1-X2)*m－X1*r*3/57 其中，X1为延长营业时间后的周均销售额，X2为延长营业时间前的周均销售额，3表示增加的3小时工作时间，57为整周的工作时间。
那么延长营业时间后每周的营业额的总值由原来的3801328.4增加
到4054347.83，增加了253019.43
除开周三的营业额，延长营业时间前的周营业额总值是3190746.96，延长营业时间后是3186339.58，相差4407.38
相关系数分析：
延长营业时间前
延长营业时间后
那么：
1、在延长营业时间前，每周内各天的营业额之间没有显示明显的相关关系，相关系数在0.4至0.8之间，相关系数最小的是周一与周四
的0.400521，最大的是周四与周六之间的0.788852
2、在延长营业时间后，可以发现每周内各天的营业额之间的相关系数变大，说明相关性增加，其中相关系数最小的依然是周一与周四之间的0.464087，而最大的是周五与周六之间的0.869383，第二大的是周六与周二之间的0.833367。
综上所述：
①．由以上的数据分析可知，延长的营业时间带来的销售收益大于延长营业时间带来的附加成本，所以从经济上来讲，延长营业时间对于公司是有利的
②．延长营业时间增加的销售额不是从周三白天的销售额挪过来的，因为如果是这样的话，周三的营业额将会基本保存不变，但事实上是周三全天的销售额有很大的增加，增加了42％
③．延长营业时间的销售额也不是从周六挪过来的，原因A:延长营业时间前后，除去周三，全周内的营业总额相差很小，说明除了周三有很大的增加外，其余各天总的销售额是正常的，只是在各天之间有一个调整；原因B：从相关系数也可以看到，延长营业时间前后，周三与周六的相关系数都是一个居中的数值，既不是最大的，也不是最小的，特别是延长营业时间后，与周六相关系数最大的是周五的与周二的，这也说明周六的营业额的减少与周三的关系是不大的。
所以：延长周三营业时间可以既满足公司的经济利益也可以满足非经济利益，应该在谨慎处理好雇员关系的基础上，继续提供延长营业时间的服务。
营销二班
王岩
201020020224。