高考英语二轮复习之时态语态导学案

高考语法复习之动词的时态和语态导学案
【学习目标】
1. 掌握12种高考常考时态及相应语态；
2. 能熟练运用这些时态及相应语态，并合格完成巩固练习。

【要点梳理】
三、几种易混时态的区别
【典型例题】
( ) 1. The musician along with his band members ______ ten performances in the last three months. (2019江苏高考第22题)
A. gives
B. has given
C. have given
D. give
答案B。

考查时间状语“in the last three months”的常用时态。

( ) 2. A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith ______ in love with the people and culture there. (2019江苏高考第29题)
A. would fall
B. had fallen
C. has fallen
D. fell
答案D。

考查时间状语“a few months after he had arrived in China”的常用时态。

通常由after引导的时间状语采用一般过去时态。

( ) 3. They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals ______ by 2022 for the Beijing Winter Olympics. (2019江苏高考第33题)
A. will install
B. will have been installed
C. are installed
D. have been installed
答案B。

考查时间状语“by 2020”的对应时态—将来完成时，语态为被动。

( ) 4. Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we ______ more convenient electronic communication tools by then. (2018江苏高考第31题)
A. have developed
B. had developed
C. will have developed
D. developed
答案C。

考查“by then”（即“by 2025”）的对应时态—将来完成时。

( ) 5. I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan ______ in the past two years. (2018江苏高考第30题)
A. had been carried out
B. would be carried out
C. is being carried out
D. has been carried out
答案A。

“in the past two years”的对应时态通常为现在完成时，但因为本句大时间立足过去，且截止时间也为过去，所以采用过去完成时。

( ) 6. --- Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around. --- Hello, Peter. I’m Bob.
I just ______ on Monday. (2018北京高考第1题)
A. start
B. have started
C. started
D. had started
答案C。

句中的时间状语“on Monday”表示一般过去的时间，故用一般过去时。

( ) 7. Susan had quit her well-paid job and ______ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year. (2018北京高考第4题)
A. is working
B. was working
C. has worked
D. had worked
答案B。

“when I visited her last year”表示过去的点时间，故用过去进行时。

( ) 8. China’s high-speed railways ______ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometres in the past few years. (2018北京高考第7题)
A. are growing
B. have grown
C. will grow
D. had grown
答案B。

“in the past few years”是一个典型的现在完成时的标志性时间。

( ) 9. My washing machine ______ this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand. (2018天津高考第13题)
A. was repaired
B. is repaired
C. is being repaired
D. has been repaired
答案C。

本句的时态是通过语境理解出来的，本句的时间状语是“this week”，并不能确定用什么时态，但根据语境，“我的洗衣机正处于被修理过程中，所以我只能手洗我的衣服。

”
( )10. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who ______ in the mountains for two days. (2018北京高考第9题)
A. are trapping
B. have been trapped
C. were trapping
D. had been trapped
答案D。

首先根据时间状语“for two days”可确定用完成时，参照动作risk采用一般过去时态，故动作trap应该发生在risked之前，再确定语态为被动，故用had been trapped。

【巩固练习】
1. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut __________(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing. (2019全国卷I，语法填空)
2. Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six __________(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. (2019全国卷I，语法填空)
3. Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene __________(declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business. (2019全国卷II，语法填空)
4. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I __________(make) over the years.
(2019全国卷II，语法填空)
5. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and __________(recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit. (2019全国卷III，语法填空)
6. On the last day of our week-long stay, we __________(invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals. (2019全国卷III，语法填空)
7. While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it __________(be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming. (2018全国卷I，语法填空)
8. Since 2011, the country __________(grow) more corn than rice. (2018全国卷II，语法填空)
9. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government ________ (start) a soil-testing program which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. (2018全国卷II，语法填空)
10. True to a gorilla’s unaggressive nature, the huge animal __________(mean) me no real harm. He was just saying: “I’m king of this forest, and here is your reminder!” (2018全国卷III，语法填空)
11. When fat and salt _________(remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. As a result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. (2017全国卷I，语法填空)
12. Fast food __________(be) full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. (2017全国卷I，语法填空)
13. Steam engines __________(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using it every day. (2017全国卷II，语法填空)
14. Later, engineers __________(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels, which became known as the Tube. (2017全国卷II，语法填空)
15. Sarah __________(tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel earning a million dollars in the new year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model fulltime. (2017全国卷III，语法填空)
16. Sarah says, “My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school _________ (come) first. I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling. (2017全国卷III，语法填空)
17. So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I __________(allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. (2016全国卷I，语法填空)
18. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of achievement. Leaving the less important things until tomorrow __________(be) often acceptable. (2016全国卷II，语法填空)
19. It could be anything, gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is, _________(make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about. (2016全国卷II，语法填空)
20. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and __________(be) too violent for use at the table. (2016全国卷III，语法填空)
【参考答案】
1. have reported
2. are
3. declared
4. have made
5. recommended
6. were invited
7. is
8. has grown
9. started 10. meant 11. are removed 12. is 13. were used 14. managed 15. has been told / was told 16. comes 17. was allowed 18. is 19. make 20. were。