职务论文：职务职务上的便利利用职务上的便利解读完善

职务论文：职务职务上的便利利用职务上的便利解读完善
【中文摘要】孟德斯鸠在《论法的精神》中曾论述说：“凡有权者都易滥用权利,这是万古不易的经验,有权的人都是最大限度地使用手中的权利,从其本质来看,要防止这样的滥用权利,就须以权束权”。

依据我国刑法理论与司法实践,犯罪客观方面是犯罪构成的必备要件之一。

犯罪的本身是行为,“无行为则无犯罪亦无刑罚”。

根据现行刑法的规定,将行为人“利用职务上的便利”作为犯罪客观方面表现的条文有十几个。

对于这些犯罪客观方面的正确理解和科学认定,必将关系到此类犯罪的罪与非罪、此罪与彼罪关系的界定,进而影响到刑事立法与司法。

所以,对“利用职务上的便利”这一客观构成要件的研究是意义深远的。

文章结合以往的理论观点和司法实践的需要对“利用职务上的便利”进行研究,为理论和实践提供助益。

根据学界对此问题的研究现状、我国相关立法的规定以及涉及该构成要件的犯罪案件,拟从以下几方面来探讨：首先,根据现行刑法规定,将“利用职务上的便利”这一要件抽取出来,作综合分析,阐述“利用职务上的便利”的基本理论。

在明确“利用职务上的便利”中“职务”概念的基础上,提出“职务”所具备的三个基本特征：真实性、现实性和直接性。

由于在司法实践中经常出现“利用职务上的便利”与“工作便利”、“身份便利”认定的难点,所以有必要将“职务”与“劳务”、“公务”相邻概念进行比较,从而更好地解决“职务上的便利”与“身份便利”、“工作便利”在实务中难以界定的问题。

其次,“利用职务
上的便利”在刑法中的涵义。

对此,拟从犯罪分类的角度来理解。

本文依据犯罪的性质以及“利用职务上的便利”具体特征的差异,试将他们分为两类,即贪污贿赂型犯罪和其他类型犯罪。

前者属于职务范围的范畴；后者包括非法经营同类营业罪、为亲友非法牟利罪。

通过对该要件在两类犯罪中涵义的理解,着重分析了“利用职务上的便利”在贪污贿赂型犯罪中的行为方式,此外,以非法经营同类营业罪为例,对其他类型犯罪中“利用职务便利”作了法律解析。

最后,贪污罪和受贿罪中“利用职务上的便利”之个罪解读。

结合上文对“利用职务上的便利”基本概念的理解,并分析司法实务中的典型案例,对贪污罪中此构成要件的内容以及存在的问题进行了阐述,同时总结出受贿罪认定中的一些难点及原因,并针对问题提出完善“利用职务上的便利”该要件的对策和原则,从而保障“利用职务上的便利”视角下的刑事立法、司法完善。

【英文摘要】Montesquieu in the book called the spirit of law, said:”whoever powerful are prone to abuse of authority, it is not only the experience, who are entitled to make maximum use of the hand rights, from its essence perspective, to prevent such abuse of authority, it must be right bundle in”the right. According to our country criminal law theory and the judicial practice, is one of the necessary element of the crime. Crime itself is the behavior, “no behaviors are no criminal punishment and also have no.” According to the provisions of
the criminal law, will act “use the convenience of position”as performance of the provision of a dozen. For these correct understanding and scientific determination, will the sin of related to such crimes with the sin, this sin and the definition of sin relationship, and furthermore influence the criminal legislation and judicial. Therefore, to “use the convenience of position” this objective elements of research is profound.The author combined with previous theory viewpoint and the judicial practice need to “use the convenience of position” for research, provide helpful for theory and practice. According to that academic field research present situation, our country legislation and provisions of involving the elements of crimes, intends to discuss from the following aspects:First, the “use the convenience of position” in the current criminal law overview. Systematically summarized the current criminal law in order to “use the convenience of position” as a crime objective expressly, including article 163 of the criminal law, article 166, article 183, article 185, article 271, article 272 bars, the third, article 384, third. Based on this, a detailed lists specific provision, will this dozen crime same elements namely “use the convenience of position”, and article 165, article 166 regulations “with
their position” elements, find out the comprehensive analysis.Secondly, “use the convenience of position” basic theories. In this paper the current about “use the convenience of position” in the “post” on the basis of the concept of explicit “duties” have three basic characteristics:the authenticity, practicality and directly. Because in the judicial practice often appear “use the convenience of position” and “job convenience”, “identity convenience”recognition of the difficulties, so it is necessary to “post”and “service”, “official”adjacent concept comparison, so as to better solve the “the convenience of position” and “identity convenience”, “job convenience” in practice is difficult to define the problem. In addition, according to the provisions of the criminal law, will “use the convenience of position the meaning from the Angle of related crime classification to understand. Based on the nature of the crime and “use the convenience of position” specific characteristics of differences, try to they are divided into two types, namely the type of embezzlement and bribery crime and other types of crime. The former belongs to the category of duty crime, The latter including illegal business similar business sin, for friends and relatives profit illegally sin.
Based on the constitutive requirements under two kinds of crime
in the meanings of understanding, emphatically analyses the
“use the convenience of position”in embezzlement and bribery crimes, the behavior way of illegal business operations in addition, with similar business sin, for example, to other
types of crime “with their position” legal
analytical.Finally, embezzlement and bribery in the “use the convenience of position”of a sin interpretation. Combination
of “above, use the convenience of position”understanding of
basic concepts, and analyzed the judicial practice in the
typical cases of embezzlement, the element of the content and
the existing problems were expounded, and summarizes some of
the difficulties of bribes cognizance and reason, and then proposes consummating use the convenience of position “this element of the countermeasures and principle, thus
safeguarding” use the convenience of position”, from the perspective of criminal legislation, judicial perfect.
【关键词】职务职务上的便利利用职务上的便利解读完善
【英文关键词】Duties The advantage of one’s position Use the advantage of one’s position Reading
Perfect
【目录】”利用职务上的便利”研究内容摘要
6-8Abstract8-9引言12-14一、”利用职务上的便利”的
刑法基本理论14-22(一) “职务”的界定14-201、”职务”含义的一般解读14-172、”职务”与相关概念之比较17-20(二) “职务上的便利”与相关概念的界分20-221、”职务上的便利”与”工作便利”的区别20-212、”利用职务上的便利”与”身份便利”的区别21-22二、”利用职务上的便利”在刑法上的涵义22-25(一) “利用职务上的便利”在贪污贿赂型犯罪中的涵义22-241、贪污贿赂型犯罪中”利用职务上的便利”的涵义222、”利用职务上的便利”在贪污贿赂型犯罪中的表现形式22-24(二) “利用职务上的便利”在其他类型犯罪中的涵义24-25三、”利用职务上的便利”之个罪解读25-30(一) 贪污罪中”利用职务上的便利”之解读25-271、立法及学理上对贪污罪中”利用职务上的便利”的理解25-262、贪污罪中”利用职务上的便利”的内容26-27(二) 受贿罪中”利用职务上的便利”之解读27-301、普通受贿”利用职务上的便利”的一般理解27-282、”斡旋受贿”中”利用本人职权或者地位形成的便利条件”的一般理解28-293、受贿罪中”利用职务上的便利”与”利用本人职权或者地位形成的便利条件”的联系29-30四、”利用职务上的便利”的立法和司法完善30-35(一) “利用职务上的便利”的刑事立法和司法困境30-321、受贿罪中”利用职务上的便利”存在的问题及原因分析30-312、贪污罪中”利用职务上的便利”存在的问题及原因分析31-32(二) “利用职务上的便利”构成要件的完善32-351、重构受贿罪中”利用职务上的便利”的客观构成要件32-342、”利用职务上的便利”视角下贪污罪构成要件的完善34-35致谢35-36参考文献36-37
【索购全文找】1.3.9.9.3.8.8.4.81.3.8.1.1.3.7.2.1
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