仔细阅读(一)

Reading Comprehension (一)Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:In the United States elementary education begins at the age of six. At this stage nearly ail the teachers are women, mostly married. 1.The atmosphere is usually very friendly, and the teachers have now accepted the idea that the important thing is to make the children happy and interested. The old authoritarian (要绝对服从的)methods of education were discredited (不被认可) rather a long time ago - so much so that many people now think that they have gone too far in the direction of trying to make children happy and interested rather than giving them actual instruction.The social education of young children tries to make them accept the idea that human beings in a society need to work together for their common good. So the emphasis is on co-operation rather than competition throughout most of this process. This may seem curious, in view of the fact that American society is highly competitive; however, the need for making people sociable in this sense has come to be regarded as one of the functions of education. Most Americans do grow up with competitive ideas, and obviously quite a few as criminals, but it is not fair to say that the educational system fails. It probably does succeed in making most people sociable and ready to help one another both in material ways and through kindness and friendliness.1.According to the passage, the U.S. elementary education is supposed to make children__________.A. sensible and sensitiveB. competitive and interestedC. curious and friendlyD. happy and co-operative2. Some Americans complain about elementary schools because they think__________.A. children are reluctant to help each otherB. schools lay too much emphasis on co-operationC. children should grow up with competitive ideasD. schools give little actual instruction to children3. The author's attitude towards American education can be best described as__________.A. favorableB. negativeC. tolerantD. unfriendly4. The American educational system emphasizes__________.A. material wealthB. competitionC. co-operationD. personal benefit5. The word "sociable" (Line 8, Paragraph 2. most probably means__________.A. fond of talking freelyB. friendly with other peopleC. concerned about social welfareD. happy at schoolPassage 2Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:Nonverbal (非语言的)communication has to do with gestures, movements and closeness of two people when they are talking. 2. The scientists say that those gestures, movements and so on have meaning which words do not carry.For example, the body distance between two speakers can be important. North Americans often complain that South Americans are unfriendly because they tend to stand close to the North American when speaking, while the South American often considers the North American to be"cold" or "distant" because he keeps a greater distance between himself and the person he is speaking to. The "eye contact" provides another example of what we are calling nonverbal communication. Scientists have observed that there is more eye contact between people who like each other than there is between people who don't like each other. 3.The length of time that the person whom you are speaking to looks at your eyes indicates the amount of interest he has in the things you are talking about.On the other hand, too long a gaze can make people uncomfortable. The eyes apparently play a great part in nonverbal communication. Genuine warmth or interest, shyness or confidence can often be seen in the eyes. We do not always consider a smile to be a sign of friendliness. Someone who is always smiling, and with little apparent reasons, often makes us uneasy.6. According to the passage, nonverbal communication__________.A. is a method often used by people who cannot speakB. can tell something that words cannotC. can be used to talk with people who cannot bearD. is less used than words7. The South American__________.A. tends to keep a distance between himself and the person he is speaking toB. usually stands close to the person he is talking toC. is often unfriendly when spoken toD. is often cold and distant when speaking8. Which of the following is NOT true?A. Less eye contact suggests distance in relation.B. The longer one looks at you, the more interest he has in you.C. There is more eye contact between people who like each other.D. Shorter eye contact shows more interest in what one is talking about9. Too long a gaze__________.A. may upset people being looked atB. shows one's great confidenceC. indicates one's interest in the talkD. tells you how friendly one is10. Constant smiling without apparent reason__________.A. is a sign of one's friendlinessB. is a sign of one's unfriendlinessC. makes people feel happyD. makes people feel uncomfortablePassage 3Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:Television has opened windows in everybody's life. Young men will never again go to war as they did in 1914. Millions of people now have seen the effects of a battle. And the result has been a general dislike of war, and perhaps more interest in helping those who suffer from all the terrible things that have been shown on the sc-Teen.Television has also changed politics. The most distant areas can now follow state affairs, see and hear the politicians before an election. Better informed, people are more likely to vote, and so to make their opinion count.Unfortunately, television's influence has been extremely harnfful to the young. 4.Children do not have enough experience to realize that TV shows present an unreal world; that TV advertisements lie to sell products that are sometimes bad or useless. They believe that theviolence they see is normal and acceptable. All educators agree that the "television generations" are more violent than their parents and grandparents.Also, the young are less patient. Used to TV shows, where everything is quick and interesting, they do not have the patience to read an article without pictures; to read a book that requires thinking; to listen to a teacher who doesn't do funny things like the people on children's programs. And they expect all problems to be solved happily in ten, fifteen, or thirty minutes. That's the time it takes on the screen.11. In the past, many young people__________.A. knew the effects of warB. went in for politicsC. liked to save the wounded in warsD. were willing to be soldiers12. Now with TV people can__________.A. discus politics at an information centerB. show more interest in politicsC. make theft own decisions on political affairsD. express their opinions freely13. The author thinks that TV advertisements__________.A. are not reliable on the wholeB. are useless to peopleC. are a good guide to adultsD. are very harmful to the young14. Which is NOT true according to the passage?A. People have become used to crimes now.B. With a TV set some problems can be solved quickly.C. People now like to read books with pictures.D. The adults are less violent than the young.15. From the passage, we can conclude that__________.A. children should keep away from TVB. TV programs should be improvedC. children's books should have picturesD. TV has a deep influence on the youngPassage 4Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:Languages are remarkably complex and wonderfully complicated organs of culture. 5. They contain the quickest and the most efficient means of communicating within their respective culture. To learn a foreign language is to learn another culture. In the words of a poet and philosopher, ―As many languages as one speaks, so many lives one lives.‖A culture and its language are as necessary as brain and body; while one is a part of the other, neither can function without the other. In learning a foreign language, the best beginning would be starting with the non-language elements of the language: its gestures, its body language, etc. Eye contact is extremely important in English. Direct eye contact leads to understanding, or, as the English saying goes, seeing eye-to-eye. We can never see eye-to-eye with a native speaker of English until we have learned to look directly into his eyes.16. The best title for this passage isA. Organs of CultureB. Brain and BodyC. Looking into his eyesD. Language and Culture17. According to this passage, the best way to learn a foreign language is__________A. to read the works of poets and philosophersB. to find a native speaker and look directly into his eyesC. to begin by learning its body languageD. to visit a country where you can study18. According to this passage, gestures are__________A. spoken wordsB. a non-language elementC. pictures in a languageD. written language19. "As many languages as one speaks, so many lives..." means__________A. if one learns many foreign languages, one will have a better understanding of his ownlanguageB. life is richer and more interesting if one knows several languagesC. no matter how many languages one knows, one can never know more than one's owncultureD. if a person speaks only one language, he will live a very happy life20. Which of the following doesn't share the same meaning with the others?A. signsB. gesturesC. efficientD. body languagePassage 5Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:Trees are useful to man in three very important ways: they provide him with wood and other products; they give him shade; and they help to prevent droughts and floods.Unfortunately, man has not realized that the third of these services is the most important. Two thousand years ago a rich and powerful country cut down its trees to build warships, with which to gain itself an empire. It gained the empire, but, without its trees, its soil became hard and poor. When the empire fell to pieces, the home country found itself faced by flood and starvation.6. Even though a government realizes the importance of a plentiful supply of trees, it is difficult for it to persuade villagers to see this. The villagers want wood to cook their food with; and they can earn money by selling wood. They are usually too lazy to plant and look after the trees.7. So, unless the government has a good system of control, or can educate the people, the forests will slowly disappear.This does not only mean that the villagers' children and grandchildren will have fewer trees. The results are even more serious, for where there are trees their roots break the soil up allowing the rain to sink in - and also bind the soil, thus preventing its being washed away easily but where there are no trees, the rain falls on hard ground and flows away from the surface, causing flood.21. What is the most important function of trees?A. Providing fuel.B. Offering shade.C. Preventing natural disaster.D. Providing wood.22. What eventually happened to the empire in the paragraph?A. Its people died of hunger.B. It fell to pieces.C. It became a giant empire.D. It built many ships with wood.23. It is implied in the passage that the villagers__________A. want a plentiful supply of trees.B. want firewood badly.C. just want to get money.D. don't realize the importance of trees.24. The role of trees is to__________A. loosen soilB. keep soil in positionC. harden soilD. both A and B25. What is the passage mainly concerned with?A. The benefits of trees.B. Trees and soil protectionC. The various uses of trees.D. Different attitudes toward trees.Passage 6Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:Adam Smith was the first person to see the importance of the division of the labor. He gave us an example of the process by which pins were made in England."One man draws out the wire, another strengthens it, a third cuts it, a fourth points it, and a fifth gives it a head. Just to make the head requires two or three different operations. The work of making pins is divided into about eighteen different operations, which in some factories are all performed by different people, though in others the same man will sometimes perform two or three of them.Ten men, Smith said, in this way, turned out twelve pounds of pins a day or about 4800 pins a worker. 8. But if all of them had worked separately and independently without division of labor, they certainly could not have made twenty pins in a day and not even one.There can be no doubt that division of labor is an efficient way of organizing work. Fewer people can make more pins. Adam Smith saw this, but he also took it for granted that division of labor is itself responsible for economic growth and development and it accounts for the difference between expanding economies and those that stand still. But division of labor adds nothing new, it only enables people to produce more of what they already have.26. According to the passage, Adam Smith was the first person to__________A. take advantage of the physical laborB. introduce the division of labor into EnglandC. understand the effects of the division of laborD. explain the bad causes of the division of labor27. Adam Smith saw that the division of labor__________A. enabled each worker to design pins more quicklyB. increased the possible output per workerC. increased the number of people employed in factoriesD. improved the quality of pins produced28. Adam Smith mentioned the number 4800 in order to__________A. show the advantages of the old labor systemB. stress how powerful the individual worker wasC. show the advantages of the division of laborD. stress the importance of increased production29. According to the writer, Adam Smith's mistake was in believingthat the division of labor__________A. was an efficient way of organizing workB. was an important development in methods of productionC. finally led to economic developmentD. increased the production of existing goods30. According to the writer, which one of the following is NOT true?A. Division of labor can enable fewer people to make more pins.B. Division of labor helps people to produce more of what they already have.C. Division of labor is by no means responsible for economic growth.D. Division of labor is an efficient way of organizing work.Passage 7Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.When you have completed your college education, you will look for a job suited to your training, interests, and ambitions(志向). In most cases, you will visit a likely employer’s office and complete an application form for the position in which you are interested. 9. The employer may then make a decision regarding your ability on the basis of the application form and a personal interview.Throughout your lifetime, however, you may find yourself in other job-seeking situations in an attempt to improve your position. As you gain experience, you are likely to become ambitious for better and better jobs. These better jobs often request written letters of application and summaries of your background and experience. Your writing skills may an important part in obtaining the job you desire.In any job-seeking situation, there are a number of ways you may use your writing skills: to complete an application form, prepare a resume, write an application letter, or write employment follow-up letters. As an ambitious job-seeker, therefore , you should be able to prepare all the written material that will help you obtain the job you want.31. According to the passage, in seeking a job ,the students_____.A. will follow their interests and ambitionB. like to visit every employer’s officeC. can make an arrangement for an interviewD. will surely get a chance to improve position32. If you want to improve your position and find a good job, it is important to_____.A. understand the application form of the companyB. improve your writing skillsC. make a decision on the basis of your own desireD. get a job related to your education33. To find a job, it is not necessary to supply_____.A. a letter of applicationB. a letter for an interviewC. an application formD. a resume34. Your application for a job should mainly inform the employer of your______.A. present position and incomeB. ability in letter writingC. background and experienceD. decision to apply for the job35. What may be the best title for this passage?A. How to Complete a Job Application FormB. An Introduction to Job-seeking SituationsC. An Attempt to Find Better JobsD. Writing Skills Help Job-seekingPassage 8Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.A credit card can be useful. You could take it into a store and buy a television set or new furniture or clothing or anything you wanted. All you would have to do is to sign your name andtake what you wanted out of the store without paying cash.But there is a problem with the cards---they can be financial poison. These cards are just like the poisons we use on insects. If we use them carefully, they can be helpful; but if we use them too much, they can kill us. These cards can kill us financially just as real poison can kill our body.For any money that the user does not pay each month, the credit card company changes a percentage of that amount in interest. The insect is added every month, so a bill that is not paid gets bigger and bigger.Over 10 percent of the families in the United States are “overextended”. That is, they have more debt on their credit cards than they can pay.Credit cards can be used for almost anything that money can buy. And they can even be used to pay for funerals. For some credit card users, a funeral may be the only solution to the debt problems they have caused for themselves by using credit cards.36. A credit card is so useful in daily life that if you have one _______.A. you can borrow money with no interestB. you don’t have to pay anything you want.C. you don’t have to bring cash with youD. you can take anything free of charge37. What is the result of using the credit card too much?A. Causing financial problems to cards usersB. Leading to the death of credit card users.C. Increasing the rate of interest of the bills.D. Killing card users like real poison.38. Which of the statement is true according the passage?A. Card users have to pay interest for the money that is not paid in timeB. Interest will be charged for any money paid with a credit card.C. Ten percent of the money used by card users is charged as the interest.D. Card users will pay lower interest if they return the money in time.39. If people are “overextended”(in Paragraph 4) with their credit, it means ______.A. they can no longer use credit cards for anythingB. they have to pay off debts with their money on their cardsC. they have used more money than they can pay offD. they will be overcharged ten percent of interest40. What does the author mean by saying “a funeral may be the only solution to the debtproblems…by using credit cards”?A. Some credit card users even use credit cards to pay for their funerals.B. Using credit cards to pay for funerals may solve debt problem.C. No interest will be charged for the money paid for funerals.D. Some credit card users owe too much debt to pay off in their lifetime.Passage 9Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage.As a kid, Kacey Long would dream of becoming a professional woman. While studying human resources management successfully at university. Long decide to change her look. So, at 19,she decided to get her breasts enlarged, “I was all about doing anything I could to improve myself,”she says.With that decision, Long joined thousands of young patients who are surgically altering their appearance each year. Teenagers even younger than Long are having breasts enlarged, noses and ears reshaped and skin changed.In 2003, almost 336,000 American teens 18 or younger had some kind of cosmetic (美容) surgery or procedure, a 50% increase over 2002.10. Patient-safety advisers believe that many of the teens having surgery are unnecessarily putting themselves at risk of injury or even death. Teens are at the greatest risk of making a decision they will regret as Long did. Long had her breasts enlarged to size D, felt sick and weak within months after the $4,500-cost plastic surgery, and had her breast fillings removed two years later. She is still suffering from the long, painful recoveries. “I wish I had never done it,”says Long. She is just one of those thousands who are actually risking their future beauty by going under the knife when they are still growing.41. Which of the following is true about Kacey Long?A. She had a successful breast surgeryB. She had a regretful breast surgeryC. She studied cosmetic surgery at university.D. She had become a professional woman.42. When Long decided to have her breasts enlarged, she_________.A. knew what risking she was takingB. was actually risking her future beautyC. had tried several times to change her lookD. knew all about the effect of breast surgery43. The number of the American teens having cosmetic surgery_______.A. had an increasing of 224,000 in the year 2003B. was about 224,000 in 2002 but doubled in 2003C. amounted to approximately 224,000 in 2002D. amounted to approximately 168.000 in 200244. When Long says “I wish I had never done it,”she expresses her _______.A. regretfulness for her decision to have the breast surgeryB. regretfulness for having paid $4,500 for the surgeryC. satisfaction with the removal of the breast fillingsD. satisfaction with her good shape after the surgery45. The author of the passage uses Long’s case to _________.A. stop the American teenagers from having painful surgeryB. call our attention to the American teenagers’ healthC. express sympathy towards the American teenagersD. inform the teenagers of the danger of the cosmetic surgeryPassage 10Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Scientists in the United States have developed a computer program that say could provide an early warming of major earthquakes. The new system is designed to give a warming seconds before an earthquake strikes.That may not sound like very long. However, it could give people time to get under a table. The flow of electric power or gas could be cut, air traffic controllers could warn away pilots. Even so-called “smart buildings”could be designed to get ready.Richard Allen of the University of Wisconsin and Hiroo Kananmori of the California Institute ofTechnology developed the program. They call it the Earthquake Alarm System. A report published in Science magazine describes it.The system uses a mathematical program to measure information collected by instruments placed across the Los Angeles area. Southern California already has more than 150 stations that measure movements within the ground. The information they collect is sent to a high-speed computer.The new system is designed to estimate the strength of the earthquake once the shaking starts. Areas directly above the center of the earthquake would have the least warning. Distant places might have as long as forty seconds.Professor Allen notes that an early warning system for earthquakes would require a major campaign of public education. Then, another problem is the possibility of false alarms.46. When an earthquake strikes, the new alarm system would give people enough time to______.A. find shelter in “smart buildings”B. tell pilots to land the airplanesC. know the strength of the earthquakeD. turn off gas and electricity47.The “earthquake Alarm System”described in the passage has been developed by 璤______.A. Richard Allen and his teacher Hiroo KananmoriB. Hiroo Kananmori and his assistant Richard AllenC. two scientists from the United States and JapanD. two scientists from two universities in the US48. The new alarming program_________.A. is widely used in Winsconsin and CaliforniaB. is still in process of developmentC. is especially useful for areas directly above center of the earthquakeD. gives warming at least forty seconds before the earthquake starts.49. The new alarm system may be described as _________.A. a program that analyzes data across the United StatesB. a network of instruments placed across the United StatesC. a program to collect information from 150 different stationsD. a very powerful computer that can do mathematical problems.50. The writer of this passage has most probably used information from_________.A. a meeting held at the California Institute of TechnologyB. an interview with Professor Richard AllenC. a report published in the Science magazineD. an announcement made by a group of scientists.Passage 11Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:When we talk about intelligence, we do not mean the ability to get good scores on certain kinds of tests or even the ability to do well in school. By intelligence we mean a way of living and behaving, especially in a new or upsetting situation. If we want to test intelligence, we need to find out how a person acts instead of how much he knows what to do.11. For instance, when in a new situation, an intelligent person thinks about the situation, not about himself or what might happen to him. He tries to find out all he can, and then he acts immediately and tries to do something about it. He probably isn't sure how it will all work out, butat least he tries. And, if he can't make things work out right, he doesn't feel ashamed that he failed; he just tries to learn from his mistakes. An intelligent person, even if he is very young, has a special outlook on life, a special feeling about life, and knows how he fits into it.If you look at children, you'll see great difference between what we call "bright" children and "not-bright" children. They are actually two different kinds of people, not just the same kind with different amount of intelligence. For example, the bright child really wants to find out about life - he tries to get in touch with everything around him. 12. But, the unintelligent child keeps more to himself and his own dream-world; he seems to have a wall between him and life in general.51. According to this passage, intelligence is __________.A. the ability to study wellB. the ability to do well in schoolC. the ability to deal with lifeD. the ability to get high scores on some tests52. In a new situation, an intelligent person__________.A. knows more about what might happen to himB. is sure of the result he will getC. concentrates on what to do about the situationD. cares more about himself53. If an intelligent person failed, he would__________.A. try not to feel ashamedB. learn from his experiencesC. try to regret as much as possibleD. make sure what result he would get54. Bright children and not-bright children__________.A. are two different types of childrenB. are different mainly in their degree of clevernessC. have difference only in their way of thinkingD. have different knowledge about the world55. The author of this passage will probably continue to talk about __________.A. how to determine what intelligence isB. how education should be foundC. how to solve practical problemsD. how an unintelligent person should be taughtPassage 12Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage:Human needs seem endless.13. When a hungry man gets a meal, he begins to think about an overcoat, when a manager gets a new sports car, a big house and pleasure boats dance into view.The many needs of mankind might be regarded as making up several levels. When there is money enough to satisfy one level of needs, another level appears.The first and most basic level of needs involves food. Once this level is satisfied, the second level of needs, clothing and some sort of shelter, appears. By the end of World War I1, these needs were satisfied for a great majority of Americans. Then a third level appeared. It included such items as automobiles and new houses.By 1957 or 1958 this third level of needs was fairly well satisfied. Then, in the late 1950s, a fourth level of needs appeared: the "life-enriching" level.14. While the other levels involve physical satisfaction, that is. the feed in comfort, safety, and transportation, this level stresses mental needs for recognition, achievement, and happiness. It includes a variety of goods and。