分词独立主格结构

分词独立主格结构

一、分词独立主格结构的概念及基本构成形式

1．分词独立主格结构概念：由名词或代词加上分词或分词短语构成的一种独立结构，2．分词独立主格结构功能：用于修饰整个句子，而不是一个词或词组，相当于副词的功能。, 3．分词独立主格结构的构成：名词或代词+分词或分词短语构

分词或分词短语构的逻辑主语是之前的名词或代词，这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，

4．分词独立主格结构位置：相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开，常考的位置是主句前。

需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。

例如：

1）Night enshrouding the earth，nobodycould make out what the dark mass was from a distance．（黑夜笼罩大地，谁也看不清远处黑压压的一片是什么东西。）2）He lay at full length upon his stomach，his headresting upon his left forearm．（他的脊背朝天，四肢伸展，头枕着左臂，直挺挺地趴伏着。）

3）The coward was backing，his facebeing deathly pale，toward another room．

（那个胆小鬼向另一个房间退去，脸色煞白。）5．独立主格结构可以和状语从句或两个简单句来代替。例如，上述例句可变为：

1）Becausenight enshrouded the earth，nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance．（原因状语从句）

2）He lay at full length upon his stomach．His headrested upon his left

forearm．（简单句）

3）The cowardwas backing toward another room．His face was deathly

pale．（简单句）二、分词独立主格结构的用法独立主格结构在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等。并且可以和状语从句相互转换。

1．作时间状语

1）My shoesremoved，I entered a low-ceilinged room．＝After myshoes were removed，I entered a low-ceilinged room．（我脱掉鞋子后，走进一间屋顶很低的房间。）2．作条件状语

1）Weatherpermitting，t heywill go on an outing to the beach tomorrow．＝＝＝If weather permits，they will goon an outing to the beach tomorrow．（如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。）

2）Such beingthe case，you have no grounds for dismissing him．＝＝＝If such isthe case，you have no grounds for dismissing him．（如果情况如此的话，你没有理由解聘他。）

3．作原因状语

1）The stormdrawing near，the worker decided to call it a day．＝＝＝Since thestorm was drawing near，the worker decided to call it a day．（由于暴风雨即将来临，那个工人决定收工。）

4．作伴随状语

1）I took myticket，and marched up the platform，the peoplefalling back respectfully on either side．＝＝＝I took myticket，and marched up the plat-form，andthe people fell back respectfully on either side．（我拿着车票，跨步走向月台。人们似乎很尊敬我，纷纷向两边退去。）

三、分词独立主格结构形式-----现在分词独立主格结构和过去分词独立主格结构

1．现在分词独立主格结构（5种具体考试形式）

1）逻辑主语+being +形容词

Weather being hot，we all want to have cold boiledwater. ===Since weather is hot,we all want to have cold boiled water.（由于天气炎热，我们都想喝凉开水）2）逻辑主语+doing

Weather permitting, we will goon outing to the beach tomorrow. ====Ifweather permits,

wewill go on outing to the beach tomorrow.

（如果天气允许，我们明天将会去海边郊游）

3）逻辑主语+beingdone

The paper being graded, allof us have been waiting for the score anxiously. == Since the paper is being graded, all of us have been waiting for thescore anxiously.（由于试卷正在被批改，我们所有人都焦急的等待着成绩）

4）逻辑主语+having done

The meeting having lasted for three hours, allof us feel sleepy. ==Since themeeting has lasted for three hours, all of us feel sleepy.（由于会议已经持续了三个小时，我们所有人都犯困）

5）逻辑主语+havingbeen done

The meeting having been postponed, weare going to go outing.===Since the meeting has been postponed, we aregoing to go outing.。（由于会议被推迟，我们将外出郊游）