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2003 年全国高考化学试题及答案

2003 年全国高考化学试题及答案

2003 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科综合能力测试本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，第Ⅰ卷1至5页，第Ⅱ卷6至11页。

满分300分。

考试用时150分钟。

第Ⅰ卷（选择题共22题每题6分，共132分）在下列各题的四个选项中，只有一个选项是最符合题目要求的。

以下数据可供解题时参考：原子量：H 1 Li7 Be 9 C 12 O 16 Na 23 Mg 24 P 31 Cl 35.5 K 39 Ca 401 取适量干重相等的4份种子进行不同处理：（甲）风干，（乙）消毒后浸水萌发，（丙）浸水后萌发，（丁）浸水萌发后煮熟冷却、消毒。

然后分别放入4个保温瓶中。

一段时间后，种子堆内温度最高的是A 甲B 乙C 丙D 丁2 植物叶片从幼到老的整个生命活动过程中A 有机物输出也输入，矿质元素只输入B 有机物只输出，矿质元素只输入C 有机物只输出，矿质元素输入也输出D 有机物与矿质元素都既输入，又输出3 下列关于叶绿素合成与功能的叙述，错误的是A 光是叶绿素合成的必要条件B 低温抑制叶绿素的合成C 矿质元素影响叶绿素的合成D提取的叶绿素溶液，给予适宜的温度、光照和CO2，可进行光合作用4 一只成年雄狗仍然保持幼年的体态，且精神委靡、反应迟钝、行动呆笨，无求偶行为，其原因是A 睾丸发育不全B 甲状腺功能低下C 生长激素分泌不足D生长激素分泌不足、睾丸发育不全※5据图判断，下列叙述不符合生态学原理的是A 物质经过多级利用，实现了良性循环B 每一级生产环节都获得产品，提高了生态经济效益C 由于食物链延长，能量逐级损耗，系统总能量利用效率降低D 由于各级产物都可以利用，减少了废物和污染6 人类探测月球发现，在月球的土壤中含有较丰富的质量数为3的氦，它可以作为未来核聚变的重要原料之一。

氦的该种同位素应表示为※A 43He B 32He C 42He D 33He◎7 在两个容积相同的容器中，一个盛有HCl气体，另一个盛有H2和Cl l2的混合气体。

2003年考研英语真题及答案

2003年考研英语真题及答案

2003年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题及答案Section I Listening ComprehensionDirections:This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B, and Part C.Remember, while you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have five minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to Answer Sheet I.Now look at Part At your test booklet.Part ADirections:For Question 1-5, you will hear a talk about Boston Museum of Fine Art. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write Only 1 word or number in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below.(5 points)Boston Museum of Fine Arts Founded( year ) 1870 Opened to the public( year ) Question 1Moved to the current location ( year ) 1909 The west wing completed( year ) Question 2 Number of departments 9 The most remarkable department Question 3 Exhibition Space ( m2 ) Question 4 Approximate number of visitors/year 800,000 Programs provided classes lectures Question 5 filmsPart BDirectionsFor Questions 6-10, you will hear an interview with an expert on marriage problems. While you listen, complete the sentences or answer the questions. USe not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and questions below. ( 5 points )What should be the primary source of help for a troubled couple? __________ . Question 6Writing down a list of problems in the marriage may help a troubled couple discuss them_______ . Question 7Who should a couple consider seriously turning to if they can't talk with each other? _________ . Question 8Priests are usually unsuccessful in counseling troubled couples despite their _______ . Question 9According to the old notion, what will make hearts grow fonder? _______. Question 10Part CDirections:You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each one, youwill have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A,B,C or D . After listening, you will have time to check your answers you will hear each piece once only. ( 10 points )Questions 11-13 are based on the following talk about napping, you now have 15 seconds to read questions 11-13.11. Children under five have abundant energy partly because they _________ .A. Sleep in three distinct parts.B. have many five-minute naps.C. sleep in one long block.D. take one or two naps daily.12. According to the speaker, the sleep pattern of a baby is determined by_______ .A. its genesB. its habitC. its mental stateD. its physical condition13. The talk suggests that, if you feel sleepy through the day, you should______ .A. take some refreshment.B. go to bed earlyC. have a long restD. give in to sleep.Questions 14-16 are based on the following interview with Sherman Alexie. an American Indian poet.You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14-16.14. Why did Sherman Alexie only take day jobs?A. he Could bring unfinished work home.B. He might have time to pursue his interests.C. He might do some evening teaching.D. He could invest more emotion in his family.15.What was his original goal at college?A. to teach in high school .B. to write his own books.C. to be a medical doctor.D. to be a mathematician.16. Why did he take the poetry-writing class?A. To follow his father.B. For an easy grade.C. To change his specialty.D. For knowledge of poetry.Questions 17-20 are based on the following talk about public speaking. you know have 20 seconds to read Questions 17-20.17. What is the most important thing in public speaking ?A. Confidence.B. Preparation.C. Informativeness.D. Organization.18. What does the speaker advise us to do to capture the audience's attention？A. Gather abundant data.B. Organize the idea logically.C. Develop a great opening.D. Select appropriate material.19. If you don't start working for the presentation until the day before, you will feel _____ .A. uneasyB. uncertainC. frustratedD. depressed20. Who is this speech ,ost probably meant for?A. Those interested in the power of persuasion.B. Those trying to improve their public image.C. Those planning to take up some public work.D. Those eager to become effective speakers.You now have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.Section II Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 21 to how they can be best 22 such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 23 , but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 24 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-concious and need the 25 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 26 by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 27 to plan activities in which thereare more winners than losers, 28 ,publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 29 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 30 opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 31 dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 32 of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 33 visible in the background.In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have 34 attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized 35 participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to 36 else without feeling guity and without letting the other participants 37 . this does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibity. 38 they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 39 for roles that are within their 40 and their attention spans and byshavingsclearly stated rules.21. A. thought B.idea C. opinion D. advice22. A. strengthen B. accommodate C. stimulate D. enhance23. A. care B. nutrition C. exercise D. leisure24. A. If B. Although C. Whereas D. Because25. A. assistance B. guidance C. confidence D. tolerance26. A. claimed B. admired C. ignored D. surpassed27. A. improper B. risky C. fair D. wise28. A. in effect B. as a result C. for example D. in a sense29. A. displaying B. describing C. creating D. exchanging30. A. durable B. exessive C. surplus D. multiple31. A.sgroupsB. individual C. personnel D. corporation32. A. consent B. insurance C. admission D. security33. A. particularly B. barely C. definitely D. rarely34. A. similiar B. long C. different D. short35. A. if only B. now that C. so that D. even if36. A. everything B. anything C. nothing D. something37. A. off B. down C. out D. alone38. A. On the contrary B. On the average C. On the whole D. On the other hand39. A. making B. standing C. planning D. taking40. A. capability B. responsibility C. proficiency D. efficiency21-25 DBCC?C26-30 BDCAD31-35 B?CBCC36-40 DBACASection III Reading ComprehensionDirections: Read the following fore texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANAWER SHEET 1(40 points) Text 1Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the "great game " of espionage-----spying as a "profession." These days the Net, which has already re-made pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan's vocation as well.The last revolution isn't simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen's e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the world wide web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying. The spooks call it "open source intelligence," and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. in 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open-Source Solutions，whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.Among the firms making the biggest splash in the new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying(covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporationslike energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at .Straifford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster's dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine." As soon as that report runs, we'll suddenly get 500 new internet sign-ups from Ukraine," says Friedman, a former political science professor. "And we'll hear back from some of them." Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. That 'sswheresStraitford earns its keep.Friedman relies on a lean staff in Austin. Several of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firm's outsider status as the key to its success. Straitford's briefs don't sound like the usual Washington back-and forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.41. The emergence of the Net hasA. received support from fans like Donovan.B. remolded the intelligence services.C. restored many common pastimes.D. revived spying as a profession.42.Donovan's story is mentioned in the text toA. introduce the topic of online spying.B. show how he fought for the U.S.C. give an episode of the information war.D. honor his unique services to the CIA.43.The phrase“making the biggest splash”(line 1,paragraph 3)most probably meansA. causing the biggest trouble.B. exerting the greatest effort.C. achieving the greatest success.D. enjoying the widest popularity.44.It can be learned from paragraph 4 thatA. Straitford's prediction about Ukraine has proved true.B. Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information.C. Straitford's business is characterized by unpredictability.D. Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information.45.Straitford is most proud of itsA. official status.B. nonconformist image.C. efficient staff.D. military background.BACDBText 2To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke,“all that is needed for thetriumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.”One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. Whe n assured that they do, she replied,“Then I would have to say yes.”Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said,“Don’t worry, scientists will find some way of using computers.”Such well-meaning people just don's understand.Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way-in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's hip replacement, a father's bypass operation a baby's vaccinations, and even a pet's shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.Much can be done. Scientists could“adopt”middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.46.The author begins his article with Edmund Burke's words toA. call on scientists to take some actions.B. criticize the misguided cause of animal rights.C. warn of the doom of biomedical research.D. show the triumph of the animal rights movement.47.Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research isA. cruel but natural.B. inhuman and unacceptable.C. inevitable but vicious.D. pointless and wasteful.48.The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public'sA. discontent with animal research.B. ignorance about medical science.C. indifference to epidemics.D. anxiety about animal rights.49.The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists shouldA. communicate more with the public.B. employ hi-tech means in research.C. feel no shame for their cause.D. strive to develop new cures.50. From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper isA. a well-known humanist.B. a medical practitioner.C. an enthusiast in animal rights.D. a supporter of animal research.ABBADText 3In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, mergingsintossuper systems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995,the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails. Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers.Supporters of the new super systems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge such“captive”shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government's Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone's cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. It's theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail.“Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who lo ses in the marketplace?”asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shipper.Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be his with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortuning fortunes.still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on. Consider the .2 billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this year. Conrail's net railway operating income in 1996 was just million, less than half of the carrying costs of the transaction. Who's going to pay for the rest of the bill? Many captive shippers fear that they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market.51.According to those who support mergers railway monopoly is unlikely becauseA. cost reduction is based on competition.B. services call for cross-trade coordination.C. outside competitors will continue to exist.D. shippers will have the railway by the throat.52.What is many captive shippers' attitude towards the consolidation in the rail industry?A. Indifferent.B. Supportive.C. Indignant.D. Apprehensive.53.It can be inferred from paragraph 3 thatA. shippers will be charged less without a rival railroad.B. there will soon be only one railroad company nationwide.C. overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief.D. a government board ensures fair play in railway business.54.The word“arbiters”(line 7,paragraph 4)most probably refers to thoseA. who work as coordinators.B. who function as judges.C. who supervise transactions.D. who determine the price.55.According to the text, the cost increase in the rail industry is mainly caused byA. the continuing acquisition.B. the growing traffic.C. the cheering Wall Street.D. the shrinking market.CCDBAText 4It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional Small wonder. Americans' life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minuts surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. But not even a great health-care system can cure death-and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, evenunder ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it's useless. The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care. Physicians-frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient-too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.In1950, the U.S. spent .7 billion on health care. In 2002, the cost will be billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age-----say 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infir m“have a duty todie and get out of the way”,so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.I would not go that far. Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. At 78,Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53.Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor is in her 70s,and former surgeon general C.Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his 80s.These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age. As a mere 68-year-old,I wish to age as productively as they have.Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. Ask a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful. I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve people's lives.56.What is implied in the first sentence?A. Americans are better prepared for death than other people.B. Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before.C. Americans are over-confident of their medical technology.D. Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy.57.The author uses the example of caner patients to show thatA. medical resources are often wasted.B. doctors are helpless against fatal diseases.C. some treatments are too aggressive.D. medical costs are becoming unaffordable.58.The author's attitude to ward Richard Lamm's remark is one ofA. strong disapproval.B. reserved consent.C. slight contempt.D. enthusiastic support.59.In contras to the U.S. ,Japan and Sweden are funding their medical careA. more flexibly.B. more extravagantly.C .more cautiously.D. more reasonably.60.The text intends to express the idea thatA medicine will further prolong people's lives.B. life beyond a certain limit is not worth living.C. death should be accepted as a fact of life.D. excessive demands increase the cost of health care.DABDCPart BDirections:Read the following text carefully and the translate the underlines segmentssintosChinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity.(61)Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.“Anthropology”derives from the Greek words“anthropos”:“human”and logos“the study of.”By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind.Anthropology is one of the social sciences.(62)Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned(原文如此) manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis.(63)The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylor’s formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of 19th century science.(64)Tylor defined culture as“…that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”This insight, so profound in its simplicity, opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit w ithin Tylor’s definition is the concept that culture is learned. shared, and patterned behavior.(65)Thus, the anthropological concept of“culture,”like the concept of“set”in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.Section IV Writing66.Directions:1) describe the set of drawings, Interpret its meaning, and2) point out its implications in our life.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20 points) Section I Listening Comprehension （20 points）Part A （5 points）1.18762.19813.textiles4.19,1375.concertsPart B (5 points)6.(the couple) themselves7.constructively8.a qualified psychologist9.good intentions10.absencePart C (10points)11.D12.A13.D14.B15.C16.B17.B18.C19.A20.DSection II Use of English （10 points）21.A22.B23.C24.D25.C26.B27.D28.C29.A30.D31.A32.D 33.B34.D35.C36.D37.B38.A39.C40.ASection III Reading Comprehension （50 points）Part A （40 points）41.B42.A43.C44.D45.B46.A47.B48.B49.A50.D51.C52.D 53.C54.B55.A56.C57.A58.B59.D60.CPart B（10 points）61.而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而是让所有其它形态的生命服从人类自己独特的想法和想象。

2003年高考物理试题全集(含答案)

2003年高考物理试题全集(含答案)

2003年高考物理试题全集目录2003年江苏高考物理试题 (2)2003年上海高考物理试题 (11)2003年高考理科综合能力测试（物理部分） (21)2003年理科综合能力测试（天津卷）（物理部分） (27)2003年春季高考试理科综测试(物理部分) (28)2003年高考（上海卷）综合能力测试试卷（理科使用） (32)2003年高考（广东、辽宁卷）综合能力测试 (34)2003年江苏高考物理试题第Ⅰ卷（选择题共40分）一、本题共10小题；每小题4分，共40分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，有的小题只有一个选项正确，有的小题由多个选项正确。

全部选对的得4分，选不全的得2分，有选错或不答的得0分。

1.下列说法中正确的是 （A ） A.质子与中子的质量不等，但质量数相等B.两个质子之间，不管距离如何，核力总是大于库仑力C.同一种元素的原子核有相同的质量数，但中子数可以不同D.除万有引力外，两个中子之间不存在其它相互作用力2.用某种单色光照射某种金属表面，发生光电效应。

现将该单色光的光强减弱，则（AC ） A.光电子的最大初动能不变 B.光电子的最大初动能减少 C.单位时间内产生的光电子数减少 D.可能不发生光电效应3.如图，甲分子固定在坐标原点O ，乙分子位于x 轴上，甲分子对乙分子的作用力与两分子间距离的关系如图中曲线所示。

F >0为斥力，F <0为引力。

a 、b 、c 、d 为x 轴上四个特定的位置。

现把乙分子从a 处由静止释放，则 （BC ） A.乙分子从a 到b 做加速运动，由b 到c 做减速运动 B.乙分子从a 到c 做加速运动，到达c 时速度最大 C.乙分子由a 到b 的过程中，两分子间的分子势能一直减少 D.乙分子由b 到d 的过程中，两分子间的分子势能一直增加4.铀裂变的产物之一氪90（Kr 9036）是不稳定的，它经过一系列衰变最终成为稳定的锆90（Zr 9040），这些衰变是 （B ） A.1次α衰变，6次β衰变 B.4次β衰变 C.2次α衰变 D.2次α衰变，2次β衰变5.两块大小、形状完全相同的金属平板平行放置，构成以平行板电容器，与它相连接的电路如图所示，接通开关K ，电源即给电容器充电 （BC ） A.保持K 接通，减小两极板间的距离，则两极板间电场的电场强度减小 B.保持K 接通，在两极板间插入一块介质，则极板上的电量增大 C.断开K ，减小两极板间的距离，则两极板间的电势差减小 D.断开K ，在两极板间插入一块介质，则极板上的电势差增大6.一定质量的理想气体 （CD ） A.先等压膨胀，再等容降温，其温度必低于其始温度 B.先等温膨胀，再等压压缩，其体积必小于起始体积 C.先等容升温，再等压压缩，其温度有可能等于起始温度 D.先等容加热，再绝热压缩，其内能必大于起始内能7.一弹簧振子沿x 轴振动，振幅为4cm 。

03年4月自考英语翻译试题及答案

03年4月自考英语翻译试题及答案

2003年4月全国高等教育自学考试英语翻译试题将答案写在答题纸相应位置上，否则不计分。

Part OneⅠ。

Multiple Choice Questions （30 points，2 points for each）A. Directions：This part consists of ten sentences，each followed by four different versions marked [A]，[B]，[C]，and [D]. Choose the one that is the closest equivalent of the original in terms of meaning and expressiveness.1. She blurred the ink on the letter with her tears.[A] 他的眼泪把信上的墨水弄得模糊不清。

[B] 他的眼泪把信上的字迹弄得模糊不清。

[C] 他的眼泪把信上的字句弄得模糊不清。

[D] 他的眼泪把信上的话语弄得模糊不清2. It‘s better having s hort lines with more bank tellers.[A] 如果银行出纳员多一些，不用排长队就好了。

[B]最好是排的队短一些，银行出纳员多一些。

[C]要是排的队短，银行出纳员最好多一些。

[D] 银行出纳员多一些，队就排得更短了。

3.Scarcely less important than machinery in the agricultural revolution was science.[A]在农业革命中，科学没有机械重要。

[B]在农业革命中，机械没有科学重要。

[C]在农业革命中，科学和机械几乎同等重要。

[D] 在农业革命中，机械和科学都不怎么重要。

4.Anger and bitterness had preyed upon me continually for weeks and a deep languor had succeeded this passionate struggle.[A]几个星期来，气恼和痛苦不断地袭击着我；这种感情上的折磨后，我感到浑身无力。

近十年(2003-2012年)上海中考数学试题及答案

近十年(2003-2012年)上海中考数学试题及答案

上海市2003年中考数学试卷一、填空题（本大题共14题，每题2分，满分28分） 1．8的平方根是________． 2．在6，8，21，4中，是最简二次根式的是________． 3．已知函数xx x f 1)(＋＝，那么)12(－f ________． 4．分解因式：1222＋－－a b a ________． 5．函数xxy －＝1的定义域是________． 6．方程x x ＝－＋＋22的根是________．7．上海浦东磁悬浮铁路全长30千米，单程运行时间约8分钟，那么磁悬浮列车的平均速度用科学记数法表示约________米／分钟．8．在平面直角坐标系内，从反比例函数)0(＞＝k xk y 的图象上的一点分别作x 、y 轴的垂线段，与x 、y 轴所围成的矩形面积是12，那么该函数解析式是________．9．某公司今年5月份的纯利润是a 万元，如果每个月份纯利润的增长率都是x ，那么预计7月份的纯利润将达到________万元（用代数式表示）．10．已知圆O 的弦AB ＝8，相应的弦心距OC ＝3，那么圆O 的半径长等于________． 11．在△ABC 中，点D 、E 分别在边AB 、AC 上，CD 平分∠ACB ，DE ∥B C ．如果AC ＝10，AE ＝4，那么BC ＝________．12．如图，矩形内有两个相邻的正方形，面积分别为4和2，那么阴影部分的面积为________．13．正方形ABCD 的边长为1．如果将线段BD 绕着点B 旋转后，点D 落在BC 延长线上的点D ′处，那么tan ∠BAD ′＝________．14．矩形ABCD 中，AB ＝5，BC ＝12．如果分别以A 、C 为圆心的两圆相切，点D 在圆C 内，点B 在圆C 外，那么圆A 的半径r 的取值范围是________．二、多项选择题（本大题共4题，每题3分，满分12分．每题列出的四个答案中，至少有一个是正确的，把所有正确答案的代号填入括号内，错选或不选得0分，否则每漏选一个扣1分，直至扣完为止）15．下列命题中正确的是（ ）． A ．有限小数是有理数 B ．无限小数是无理数C ．数轴上的点与有理数一一对应D ．数轴上的点与实数一一对应16．已知0＜b ＜a ，那么下列不等式组中无解的是（ ）． A ．⎩⎨⎧b x a x ＜＞, B ．⎩⎨⎧bx a x ＜－＞－,C ．⎩⎨⎧b x a x ＜－＞,D ．⎩⎨⎧b x a x ＜＞－,17．下列命题中正确的是（ ）．A ．三点确定一个圆B ．两个等圆不可能内切C ．一个三角形有且只有一个内切圆D ．一个圆有且只有一个外切三角形18．如图，已知AC 平分∠P AQ ，点B 、B ′分别在边AP 、AQ 上．如果添加一个条件，即可推出AB ＝AB ′，那么该条件可以是（ ）．A ．BB '⊥AC B ．BC ＝B 'CC ．∠ACB ＝∠ACB 'D ．∠ABC ＝∠AB 'C三、（本大题共4题，每题7分，满分28分）19．已知222＝－x x ，将下式先化简，再求值：1)3)((3)3)((1)(2－－＋－＋＋－x x x x x ．20．解方程组21．将两块三角板如图放置，其中∠C ＝∠EDB ＝90°，∠A ＝45°，∠E ＝30°，AB ＝DE ＝6．求重叠部分四边形DBCF 的面积．22．某校初二年级全体320名学生在电脑培训前后各参加了一次水平相同的考试，考分都以同一标准划分成“不合格”、“合格”、“优秀”三个等级．为了了解电脑培训的效果，用抽签方式得到其中32名学生的两次考试考分等级，所绘制的统计图如图所示．试结合图示信息回答下列问题：（1）这32名学生培训前考分的中位数所在的等级是________，培训后考分的中位数所在的等级是________；（2）这32名学生经过培训，考分等级“不合格”的百分比由________下降到________；（3）估计该校整个初二年级中，培训后考分等级为“合格”与“优秀”的学生共有________名；（4）你认为上述估计合理吗?理由是什么?答：________，理由：_________________________．四、（本大题共4题，每题10分，满分40分）23．已知：如图，一条直线经过点A（0，4）、点B（2，0），将这条直线向左平移与x 轴负半轴、y轴负半轴分别交于点C、点D，使DB＝DC．求以直线CD为图象的函数解析式．24．已知：如图，△ABC中，AD是高，CE是中线，DC＝BE，DG⊥CE，G是垂足．求证：（1）G是CE的中点；（2）∠B＝2∠BCE．25．卢浦大桥拱形可以近似看作抛物线的一部分．在大桥截面1∶11000的比例图上，跨度AB＝5 cm，拱高OC＝0.9 cm，线段DE表示大桥拱内桥长，DE∥AB，如图（1）．在比例图上，以直线AB为x轴，抛物线的对称轴为y轴，以1 cm作为数轴的单位长度，建立平面直角坐标系，如图（2）．（1）求出图（2）上以这一部分抛物线为图象的函数解析式，写出函数定义域；（2）如果DE 与AB 的距离OM ＝0.45 cm ，求卢浦大桥拱内实际桥长（备用数据：4.12≈，计算结果精确到1米）．26．已知在平面直角坐标系内，O 为坐标原点，A 、B 是x 轴正半轴上的两点，点A 在点B 的左侧，如图．二次函数c bx ax y ＋＋＝2（a ≠0）的图象经过点A 、B ，与y 轴相交于点C ．（1）a 、c 的符号之间有何关系?（2）如果线段OC 的长度是线段OA 、OB 长度的比例中项，试证a 、c 互为倒数； （3）在（2）的条件下，如果b ＝－4，34＝AB ，求a 、c 的值．五、（本大题只有1题，满分12分，（1）、（2）、（3）题满分均为4分） 27．如图（1），在正方形ABCD 中，AB ＝1，是以点B 为圆心，AB 长为半径的圆的一段弧，点E 是边AD 上的任意一点（点E 与点A 、D 不重合），过E 作所在圆的切线，交边DC 于点F ，G 为切点．（1）当∠DEF ＝45°时，求证点G 为线段EF 的中点；（2）设AE ＝x ，FC ＝y ，求y 关于x 的函数解析式，并写出函数的定义域；（3）将DEF 沿直线EF 翻折后得EF D 1∆，如图（2），当65＝EF 时，讨论D AD 1∆与F ED 1∆是否相似，如果相似，请加以证明；如果不相似，只要求写出结论，不要求写出理由．（1） （2） （3）（备用图）参考答案一、填空题（本大题共14题，每题2分，满分28分）1．22± 2．6 3．22＋ 4．（a －b －1）（a ＋b －1） 5．x ≤1且x ≠0 6．x ＝－2 7．31075.3⨯ 8．xy 12＝9．2)1(x a ＋ 10．5 11．15 12．222- 13．2 14．1＜r ＜8或18＜r ＜25二、多项选择题（本大题共4题，每题3分，满分12分．错选或不选得0分，否则每漏选一个扣1分，直至扣完为止）15．A 、D 16．A 、C 17．B 、C 18．A 、C 、D 三、（本大题共4题，每题7分，满分28分）19．解：原式＝34912222＋－＋＋－x x x x x -+……………………………………3分 5632－－＝x x …………………………………………………………………………………1分解法一：5)2(32--=x x ．………………………………………………………2分 ∵ 222＝－x x ，∴ 原式＝3×2－5＝1．………………………………………1分解法二：从222＝－x x 中解得31±＝x ，1分 分别代入，答案正确． (1)20．解：由①，得（2x ＋y ）（2x －y ）＝0, ∴ 2x ＋y ＝0，2x －y ＝0．…………1分，1分它们与方程②分别组成两个方程组：⎩⎨⎧;04,022＝＋－＝＋xy x y x （*）……………………………………………………………………1分⎩⎨⎧-.04,022＝＋－＝xy x y x （**）…………………………………………………………………1分分别解这两个方程组，可知方程组（*）无解；………………………………………1分 方程组（**）的解是⎩⎨⎧==;4,211y x ⎩⎨⎧-=-=.4,222y x ………………………………………1分，1分 所以原方程组的解是⎩⎨⎧==;4,211y x ⎩⎨⎧-=-=.4,222y x 21．解：在△EDB 中，∵ ∠EDB ＝90°，∠E ＝30°，DE ＝6， ∴ 3233630tan ＝＝⨯=︒⋅DE DB ．……………………………………………1分 ∴ 326－－＝=DB AB AD ．又∵ ∠A ＝45°，∴ ∠AFD ＝45°，得FD ＝AD ．∴ 31224)326(212122－＝－＝⨯=∆AD S ADF ．…………………………………2分 在等腰直角三角形ABC 中，斜边AB ＝6，所以9412=∆AB S ABC ＝．…………… 2分∴ )31224(9－－＝＝四边形ADF ABC DBCF S S S ∆∆-＝15312－……………………2分 22．解：（1）不合格，合格；（2）75%，25%；（3）240；（4）合理，该样本是随机样本（或该样本具有代表性）．………………………………………………………每个空格1分 四、（本大题共4题，每题10分，满分40分）23．解：设以直线AB 为图象的一次函数解析式为y ＝kx ＋b ． 因为直线AB 经过点（0，4）、点（2，0），所以得方程组⎩⎨⎧=.20,4b k b ＋＝……………………………………………………………………………1分解得⎩⎨⎧-=.4,2＝b k …………………………………………………………………………2分所以以直线AB 为图象的一次函数解析式为y ＝－2x ＋4.由于CD ∥AB ，设以直线CD 为图象的一次函数解析式为y ＝－2x ＋b '.………2分 解法一：由于DB ＝DC ，DO ⊥CB ，∴ OC OB =．………………………… 2分 所以点C 的坐标是（－2，0），得b '＝－4．…………………………………1分，1分所以以直线CD 为图象的一次函数解析式为y ＝－2x －4．………………………1分解法二：由题意，得点D 的坐标是（0，b '），点C 的坐标是（2b '，0）． ∵ DB ＝DC ，∴2222)2()()(2b b b '''＋＝＋．………………………………………………………2分 解得4±'＝b ．……………………………………………………………………………1分因为点D '与点A 不重合，所以4＝b '舍去．…………………………………………1分 因此以直线CD 为图象的一次函数解析式为y ＝－2x －4．……………………………1分 24．证明：（1）如图，连结DE ．………………………………………………………1分 ∵ ∠ADB ＝90°，E 是AB 的中点，∴ DE ＝AE ＝BE ．………………………………………………………………………2分 又∵ DC ＝BE ，∴ DC ＝DE ．………………………………………………………1分 又因为DG ⊥CE ，所以G 是CE 中点．…………………………………………………2分 （2）∵DE ＝DC ，∴ ∠DCE ＝∠DEC ．……………………………………………1分 ∴ ∠EDB ＝∠DEC ＋∠DCE ＝2∠BCE ．……………………………………………1分 又∵ DE ＝BE ，∴ ∠B ＝∠EDB ．………………………………………………… 1分∴ ∠B ＝2∠BCE ．………………………………………………………………………1分25．解：（1）由于顶点C 在y 轴上，所以设以这部分抛物线为图象的函数解析式为1092＋＝ax y ．……………………………………………………………………………1分 因为点A （25-，0）（或B （25，0））在抛物线上，所以109)25(02＋＝-⋅a ，得12518＝－a ．……………………………………………1分因此所求函数解析式为)2525(109125182≤≤-x x y ＋＝－．……………………………………………1分，1分 （2）因为点D 、E 的纵坐标为209，……………………………………………………1分所以109125182092＋－x =，得245±＝x ……………………………………………2分所以点D 的坐标为（245－，209），点E 的坐标为（245，209）． 所以225)245(245＝－＝-DE ．…………………………………………………1分 因此卢浦大桥拱内实际桥长为385227501.011000225≈⨯⨯＝（米）．…………………………………………2分 26．（1）解：a 、c 同号．………………………………………………………………2分 或当a ＞0时，c ＞0；……………………………………………………………………1分 当a ＜0时，c ＜0．……………………………………………………………………1分 （2）证明：设点A 的坐标为（1x ，0），点B 的坐标为（2x ，0），则210x x ＜＜． ∴ 1x OA =，2x OB =，c OC =．…………………………………………………1分据题意，1x 、2x 是方程)0(02≠=a c bx ax ＋＋的两个根．…………………………1分∴ acx x =⋅21．…………………………………………………………………………1分 由题意，得2OC OB OA ＝⋅，即22c c ac ＝＝．………………………………………1分所以当线段OC 长是线段OA 、OB 长的比例中项时，a 、c 互为倒数．（3）解：当4-=b 时，由（2）知，0421＞＝＝－＋aa b x x ，∴ a ＞0．…………1分 解法一：AB ＝OB －OA ＝21221124)(x x x x x x -＋＝－， ∴ aa ac a c a AB 32416)(4)4(22=-==－．……………………………………1分 ∵ 34=AB ，∴3432＝a ．得21=a ．∴ c ＝2. ……………………………………………1分 解法二：由求根公式，aa a ac x 322416424164±-±-±＝＝＝，∴ ax 321-＝，a x 322+＝．∴ aa a x x OA OB AB 32323212＝－－＝－＝－＝+．………………………1分 ∵ 34＝AB ，∴ 3432＝a ，得21＝a ．∴ c ＝2…………………………………………………………………………………1分五、（本大题只有1题，满分12分） 27．（1）证明：∵ ∠DEF ＝45°，得∠DFE ＝90°－∠DEF ＝45°，∴ ∠DFE ＝∠DEF ． ∴ DE ＝DF ．又∵ AD ＝DC ，∴ AE ＝FC ．…………1分 因为AB 是圆B 的半径，AD ⊥AB ，所以AD 切圆B 于点A ；………………………1分 同理，CD 切圆B 于点C ．又因为EF 切圆B 于点G ，所以AE ＝EG ，FC ＝FG ．………………………………1分因此EG ＝FG ，即点G 为线段EF 的中点．……………………………………………1分（2）解：∵ EG ＝AE ＝x ，FG ＝CF ＝y ，∴ ED ＝1－x ，FD ＝1－y ． 在R t △DEF 中，由222EF FD ED ＝＋，得222)()1()1(y x y x ＋－＋－= ．…………………………………………………………2分 ∴ )10(11＜＜＋－＝x xxy ．………………………………………………………1分，1分 （3）解：当65=EF 时，由（2）得6511＝＋－＋x x x FC AE FG EG EF =+=+=．得311＝x 或212=x ，即31＝AE 或21＝AE ．①当21＝AE 时，D AD 1∆∽F ED 1∆．………………………………………………1分证明如下：设直线EF 交线段1DD 于点H ，如图． 据题意，△EDF ≌F ED 1∆；1DD EF ⊥且H D DH 1＝． ∴ 21＝AE ，AD ＝1，得AE ＝ED ，∴ EH ∥1AD ．∴ 11FED FED AD D ∠∠∠＝＝，……………………………………………………1分 ︒∠∠901＝＝EHD D AD ． 又∵ ︒=∠=∠901EDF F ED ，∴ D AD F ED 11∠=∠．………………………………………………………………1分 ∴ D AD 1∆∽F ED 1∆．②当31＝AE 时，D AD 1∆与F ED 1∆不相似．…………………………………………1分G图12004年上海市中等学校高中阶段招生文化考试数学试卷(满分120分，考试时间120分钟)一、填空题：（本大题共14题，每题2分，共28分）1．计算：(2)(2)__________a b a b -+=．2．不等式组230320x x -<⎧⎨+>⎩的整数解是______________．3．函数y =的定义域是__________________． 41x =-的根是________________． 5．用换元法解22114x x x x +++=，可设1y x x=+，则原方程可化为关于y 的方程是______________．6．一个射箭运动员连续射靶5次，所得的环数分别是8，6，10，7，9，则这个运动员所得环数的标准差为__________．7．已知0a b <<，则点A (,)a b b -在第________象限．8．正六边形是轴对称图形，它有_______条对称轴．9．在△ABC 中，点D 、E 分别在边AB 、AC 上，DE ∥BC ，AD=1，BD ＝2，则:ADE ABC S S ∆∆=__________．10．在△ABC 中，∠A ＝90°，设∠B ＝θ，AC ＝b ，则AB ＝________(用b 和θ的三角比表示)．11．某山路坡面坡度i =沿此山路向上前进200米,升高了__________米．12．在△ABC 中，点G 是重心，若BC 边上的高为6，则点G 到BC 的距离为______________． 13．直角三角形的两条边长分别为6和8，那么这个三角形的外接圆的半径等于_______________． 14．如图1，边长为3的正方形ABCD 绕点C 按顺时针方向旋转30°后得到的正方形EFCG ，EF 交AD 与点H ，那么DH 的长为___________．二、 多项选择题：(本大题共4题，每题3分，共12分)【每题列出的四个答案中，至少有一个是正确的，把所有正确答案的代号填入括号内，错选或不选得0分，否则每漏选一个扣一分，直至扣完为止】C图215．下列运算，计算结果正确的是……………………………………………（ ）（A ） 437a a a =； （B ） 632a a a ÷=； （C ） 325()a a =； （D ） 333()a b a b =．16．如图2，在△ABC 中，AB=AC ，∠A ＝36°，BD 平分∠ABC ，DE ∥BC 那么在下列三角形中，与相似的三角形是……………………（ （A ） △DBE ； （B ） △ADE ； （C ） △ABD ； （D ） △BDC ． 17．下列命题中，正确的是…………………………（ ）（A ）一个点到圆心的距离大于这个圆的半径，这个点在圆外； （B ）一条直线垂直于圆的半径，这条直线一定是圆的切线；（C ）两个圆的圆心距等于它们的半径之和，这两个圆有三条公切线； （D ）圆心到一条直线的距离小于这个圆的半径，这条直线与圆有两个交点． 18．在函数(0)ky k x=>的图像上有三点111(,)A x y 、222(,)A x y 、333(,)A x y ，已知1230x x x <<<，则下列各式中，正确的是…………………………（ ）（A ） 130y y <<； （B ） 310y y <<； （C ） 213y y y <<； （D ） 312y y y <<．三、（本大题共4题，每题7分，共28分）19-20．关于x 的一元二次方程2(31)210mx m x m --+-=，其根的判别式的值为1，求m 的值及该方程的根．21．如图3，等腰梯形ABCD 中，AD ∥BC ，∠DBC ＝45°，翻折梯形ABCD ，使点B 重合于点D ，折痕分别交AB 、BC 于点F 、E ．若AD=2，BC ＝8， 求：（1）BE 的长； （2）∠CDE 的正切值．22．某区从参加数学质量检测的8000名学生中，随机抽取了部分学生的成绩作为样本，为了节省时间，先将样本分成甲、乙两组，分别进行分析，得表一；随后汇总成样本数据，得到部分结果，如表二．（1）样本中，学生的数学成绩的平均分数约为_________分（结果精确到0.1分）； （2）样本中,数学成绩在[)84,96分数段的频数________，等第为A 的人数占抽样学生总数的百分比为_________，中位数所在的分数段为______________；（3）估计这8000名学生成绩的平均分数约为__________分（结果精确到0.1分）．四、（本大题共4题，每题10分，共40分）23．在平面直角坐标系中，点O 是坐标原点，二次函数)4()5(2+--+=k x k x y 的图像交x 轴于A )0,(1x 、B )0,(2x ，且8)1)(1(21-=++x x ．图4 （1）求二次函数的解析式；（2）将上述二次函数的图像沿x 轴向右平移2个单位，设平移后的图像与y 轴的交点为C ，顶点为P ，求△POC 的面积．24．如图４，在△ABC 中，∠BAC ＝90°，延长BA 到点D ，使AD ＝21AB ，点E 、F 分别为边BC 、AC 的中点． （1）求证：DF=BE ；（2）过点A 作AG ∥BC ，交DF 于点G ，求证：AG=DG25．为加强防汛工作，市工程队准备对苏州河一段长为2240米的河堤进行加固．由于采用新的加固模式，现在计划每天加固的长度比原计划增加了20米，因而完成此段加固工程所需天数将比原计划缩短2天．为进一步缩短该段加固工程的时间，如果要求每天加固224米，那么在现在计划的基础上，每天加固的长度还要再增加多少米？A BCO图5如图6，在平面直角坐标系中，O 为坐标原点，A 点的坐标为(1，0)，点B 在x 轴上，且在点A 的右侧，AB=OA ，过点A 和B 作x 轴的垂线，分别交二次函数2x y =的图像于点C和D ，直线OC 交BD 于点M ，直线CD 交y 轴于点H ，记点C 、D 的的横坐标分别为C x 、D x ，点H 的纵坐标为H y ．26．在△ABC 中，∠BAC ＝90°，AB=AC=22，⊙A 的半径为1，如图5所示．若点O 在BC 上运动（与点B 、C 不重合），设BO ＝x ，△AOC 的面积为y（1）求关于的函数解析式，并写出函数的定义域；（2）以点O 为圆心，BO 长为半径作⊙O ，求当⊙O 与⊙A 相切时，△AOC 的面积．五、（本大题只有1题，满分12分，（1）小题满分6分，（2）（3）小题满分均为3分）27．数学课上，老师出示图6和下面框中的条件．同学发现两个结论：①3:2:ABMC ＝梯形S S CMD ∆ ②数值相等关系：H D C y x x -=∙ （1）请你验证结论①和结论②成立；（2）请你研究：如果上述框中的条件“A 的坐标(1，0)”改为“A 的坐标(t ，0) (t>0)”，其他条件不变，结论①是否仍成立？（请说明理由）（3）进一步研究：如果上述框中的条件“A 的坐标(1，0)”改为“A 的坐标(t ，0) (t>0)”，又将条件“2x y =”改为“)0(2>=a ax y ”， 其他条件不变，那么C x 、D x 与H y 有怎样的数值关系？写出结果并说明由）12005年上海市初中毕业生统一学业考试数学试卷一、填空题（本大题共14题，满分42分） 1、 计算：()22x＝2、 分解因式：22a a -＝ 3、计算：)11＝4、函数y =的定义域是5、 如果函数()1f x x =+，那么()1f =6、 点A(2，4)在正比例函数的图象上，这个正比例函数的解析式是7、 如果将二次函数22y x =的图象沿y 轴向上平移1个单位，那么所得图象的函数解析式是8、 已知一元二次方程有一个根为1，那么这个方程可以是 （只需写出一个方程） 9、 如果关于x 的方程240x x a ++=有两个相等的实数根，那么a ＝ 10、 一个梯形的两底长分别为6和8，这个梯形的中位线长为 11、 在△ABC 中，点D 、E 分别在边AB 和AC 上，且DE ∥BC ，如果AD ＝2，DB ＝4，AE ＝3，那么EC ＝ 12、 如图1，自动扶梯AB 段的长度为20米，倾斜角A 为α，高度BC 为 米(结果用含α的三角比表示).13、 如果半径分别为2和3的两个圆外切，那么这两个圆的圆心距是 14、 在三角形纸片ABC 中，∠C ＝90°，∠A ＝30°，AC ＝3，折叠该纸片，使点A 与点B 重合，折痕与AB 、AC 分别相交于点D 和点E （如图2），折痕DE 的长为二选择题：（本大题共4题，满分12分） 15、 在下列实数中，是无理数的为 （ ） A 、0 B 、－3.5 C D 16、 六个学生进行投篮比赛，投进的个数分别为2、3、3、5、10、13，这六个数的中位数为 （ ）A 、3B 、4C 、5D 、6图117、 已知Rt △ABC 中，∠C ＝90°，AC ＝2，BC ＝3，那么下列各式中，正确的是（ ）A 、2sin 3B =B 、2cos 3B =C 、23tgB =D 、23ctgB = 18、 在下列命题中，真命题是 （ ）A 、两个钝角三角形一定相似B 、两个等腰三角形一定相似C 、两个直角三角形一定相似D 、两个等边三角形一定相似 三、（本大题共3题，满分24分） 19、 （本题满分8分） 解不等式组：()315216x xx x +>-⎧⎨+-<⎩，并把解集在数轴上表示出来.20、（本题满分8分）解方程：228124x x x x x +-=+--21、 （本题满分8分，每小题满分各为4分）（1）在图3所示编号为①、②、③、④的四个三角形中，关于y 轴对称的两个三角形的编号为 ；关于坐标原点O 对称的两个三角形的编号为 ； （2）在图4中，画出与△ABC 关于x 轴对称的△A 1B 1C 1x-5-4-3-2-15432O1四、（本大题共4题，满分42分） 22、 （本题满分10分，每小题满分各为5分）在直角坐标平面中，O 为坐标原点，二次函数2y x bx c =++的图象与x 轴的负半轴相交于点C （如图5），点C 的坐标为（0，－3），且BO ＝CO （1） 求这个二次函数的解析式； （2） 设这个二次函数的图象的顶点为M ，求AM 的长.23、 （本题满分10分）已知：如图6，圆O 是△ABC 的外接圆，圆心O 在这个三角形的高CD 上，E 、F 分别是边AC 和BC 的中点，求证：四边形CEDF 是菱形.24、 （本题满分10分，第（1）、（2）、（3）小题满分各为2分，第（4）小题满分4分） 小明家使用的是分时电表，按平时段（6：00－22：00）和谷时段（22：00－次日6：00）分别计费，平时段每度电价为0.61元，谷时段每度电价为0.30元，小明将家里2005年1月至5月的平时段和谷时段的用电量分别用折线图表示（如图7），同时将前4个月的用电量和相应电费制成表格（如表1） 根据上述信息，解答下列问题：（1） 计算5月份的用电量和相应电费，将所得结果填入表1中； （2） 小明家这5个月的月平均用电量为 度；（3） 小明家这5个月的月平均用电量呈 趋势（选择“上升”或“下降”）；这5个月每月电费呈 趋势（选择“上升”或“下降”）；（4） 小明预计7月份家中用电量很大，估计7月份用电量可达500度，相应电费将达243元，请你根据小明的估计，计算出7月份小明家平时段用电量和谷时段用电量.25、 （本题满分12分，每小题满分各为4分）在△ABC 中，∠ABC ＝90°，AB ＝4，BC ＝3，O 是边AC 上的一个动点，以点O 为圆心作半圆，与边AB 相切于点D ，交线段OC 于点E ，作EP ⊥ED ，交射线AB 于点P ，交射线CB 于点F 。

2003年成人高考语文试题及答案(高起点)

2003年成人高考语文试题及答案(高起点)

8、下列有关辨别地球上陨星的说法，正确的一项是( )
A 因为地球上很少留下陨石坑，所以辨别陨星很困难
B 因为来自月球上的陨星很少，所以辨别陨星很困难
C 因为大多数陨星是太阳系中的原初物质，所以辨别陨星很困难
D 因为陨星很容易被地球物质污染和损坏，所以辨别陨星很困难
9、对人们以历史上前所未有的极大热情研究陨星的原因，理解恰当的一项是 ( )
四、(25分)
阅读下面文言文，完成15-17题
曹沫为鲁将，与齐战，三败北。鲁庄公惧，乃献遂邑之地以和。犹复以为将。
齐桓公许与鲁会于柯而盟。桓公于庄公既盟于坛上，曹沫执匕首劫齐桓公，桓公左右莫敢动，而问曰：“子将何欲?”曹沫曰：“齐强鲁弱，而大国侵鲁亦以甚矣。今鲁城坏即压齐境，君其图之。”桓公乃许尽归鲁之侵地。既以言，曹沫投其匕首，下坛，北面就群臣之位，颜色不变，辞令如故。桓公怒，欲倍其约。管仲曰：“不可。夫贪小利以自快，弃信于诸侯，失天下之援，不如与之。”于是桓公乃遂割鲁侵地。曹沫三战所亡地尽复于鲁。
也圆了自己的故乡梦。
B、中国女柔道选手袁华在人声鼎沸的赛场上能做到充耳不闻，心静如水，而一旦发力，就令对手不寒而栗。
C、一些超市经营者不讲诚信，为了销售过期食品，他们往往在包装上改弦更张，随意改变出厂日期。
D、一段时间以来，明星出书成了一种时尚，但有的书语句不通顺之处连篇累牍，简直让人无法卒读。
我们这些人的身心全都震撼了。急雨般的飞水喷在我们身上，谁也没有逃开，反都抬起头来仰望，没有感叹，没有议论，默默地站立着，袒示着湿淋淋的生命。终于，我找到了一种对应，一种在现代已经很少的对应。
记得宋代哲学家朱熹很想一睹三叠泉风采而不得，曾在一封信中写道：闻五老峰下新泉三叠，颇为奇胜，计此生无由得至其下。他请两位画家把它画下，带给他看，看到画幅时他不断摩挲，声声慨叹。这位年迈的哲学家也许已从画幅中看出了一点远超一般山水奇景的东西，否则何来声声慨叹但我敢说，没有身临其境，再有悟性的哲人也揣想不出一个生命意义上的它。

2003全国高考理科综合试题及答案

2003全国高考理科综合试题及答案

2003年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷）理科综合能力测试第I卷（选择题共22题每题6分共132分）在下列各题的四个选项中，只有一个选项是符合题目要求的。

以下数据可供解题时参考：原子量：H 1 Li 7 Be 9 C 12 O 16 Na 23 Mg 24 P 31 Cl 35.5 K 39 Ca 401．取适量干重相等的4份种子进行不同处理：（甲）风干，（乙）消毒后浸水萌发，（丙）浸水后萌发，（丁）浸水萌发后煮熟冷却、消毒。

然后分别放入4个保温瓶中。

一段时间后，种子堆内温度最高的是：A 甲B 乙C 丙D 丁2．植物叶片从幼到老的整个生命活动过程中A 有机物输出也输入，矿质元素只输入B 有机物只输出，矿质元素只输入C 有机物只输出，矿质元素输入也输出D 有机物与矿质元素都既输入，又输出3．下列关于叶绿素合成和功能的叙述，错误的是A 光是叶绿素合成的必要条件B 低温抑制叶绿素的合成C 矿质元素影响叶绿素的合成D 提取的叶绿素溶液，给予适宜的温度、光照和CO2，可进行光合作用4．一只成年雄狗仍然保持幼年的体态，且精神萎靡、反应迟钝、行动呆笨，无求偶行为，其原因是A 睾丸发育不全B 甲状腺功能低下C 生长激素分泌不足D 生长激素分泌不足、睾丸发育不全5．据图判断，下列叙述不符合生态学原理的是A 物质经过多级利用，实现了良性循环B 每一级生产环节都获得产品，提高了生态经济效益C 由于食物链延长，能量逐级损耗，系统总能量利用效率降低D 由于各级产物都可以利用，减少了废物和污染6．人类探测月球发现，在月球的土壤中含有较丰富的质量数为3的氦，它可以作为未来核聚变的重要原料之一。

氦的该种同位素应表示为A 43He B 32He C 42He D 33e7．在两个容积相同的容器中，一个盛有HCl气体，另一个盛有H2和Cl2的混合气体。

在同温同压下，两容器内的气体一定具有相同的A 原子数B 密度C 质量D 质子数第1 页共11 页8．某无色混合气体可能由CH4、NH3、H2、CO、CO2和HCl中的某几种气体组成。

03年4月自考英语语法试题及答案已校

03年4月自考英语语法试题及答案已校

2003年4月全国高等教育自学考试英语语法试题一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)Choose the best answer from the choices given:1. A:“I hope you will be ready to leave on time. ”B: “Don't worry. I'll be ready by the time the taxi (). ”A. arrivingB. arrivesC. will arriveD. will have arrived2. When I reached the peak, the sun ( ).A. shoneB. shinesC. has shoneD. was shining3. The task force is supposed ( ).A. to be getting reinforcedB. that to be getting reinforcedC. to being got reinforcedD. that been got reinforced4. A new hypothesis ( ) before it can be put into practice.A. must be testedB. be testedC. can be testedD. to be tested5. I don't think she meant ( ) you.A. hurtB. to hurtC. hurtingD. be hurt6. I keep fit ( ) playing tennis every day.A. byB. onC. forD. in7. ___arrived ___ she started complaining. ( )A. Hardly had he… whenB. Hardly he had... whenC. He hardly ...thanD. Hardly had he... than8. A:“() did she see the doctor?”B:“She saw the doctor twice a month. ”A. HowB. How many timesC. How longD. How often9. ____gone to sleep __ the telephone rang once more.A. No sooner he had... thanB. No sooner had he... whenC. No sooner had he... thanD. No sooner he had... when10. A:“What will you be doing in the summer?”B:“ () English in a high school”.A. To learnB. LearningC. Will be learningD. Will learn11. Is this the first time you ( ) Tokyo?A. have visitedB. would visitC. visitedD. have been visiting12. The information was later admitted ( ) from unreliable sources.A. to be retrievedB. to have been retrievedC. that it has been retrievedD. that it was retrieved13. For a child to give up his less mature idea for a more sophisticated one, it requires that the child ( ) psychologically ready for the new idea.A. isB. beC. wereD. would be14. John used to get up early, ( )?A. used heB. did heC. didn't heD. would be15. Where are you going to have the TV set ( )?A. repairB. repairingC. repairedD. to repair16. Although Mary was very successful in sales, her boss passed her by ( ) a promotion.A. forB. inC. withD. through17. Any boy ( ) wants to succeeed must work hard.A. whomB. whoC. whichD. that18. My brother is a good businessman, ( ) I am not.A. whoB. whomC. whichD. that19. ( ) that the voters approve the funds，we will have a new park in our town.A. GivingB. GivenC. SupposingD. Supposed20. ___ I worked hard at school, I ___ this kind of work now. ( )A. Had... wouldn't have doneB. Had.. wouldn't be doingC. If... wouldn't doD. If... wouldn't be doingⅡ. 多项选择填空题(本大题共8小题，每小题2分，共16分)Fill in the blanks with one of the items given below:21. bank, bunch, congregation, pack, seriesA. a _____ of musiciansB. a___ of lectures22. board, bunch, choir, packet, partyA. a ______ of guestsB. a______ of keys23. is, are, was, were, will be, shall beSome money _____ carried to the spot and all the food and everything else _____ ready for the picnic.24. seem, seems, me, I, mineYour politics _____ to be entirely different from _____.25. less, less of, than, as, likeMr. Smith is _____ a politician ______ Mr. Lee.26. more of, many of, much of, than, as, likeJohn is as _____ a fool _____ Bill.27. be, is, was, are, were, will be, shall beA. That she is still alive ______ sheer luck.B. Neither his oral statement nor what he wrote _____ true.28. have, has, had, will have, shall haveA. She is the only one of her family who ______ trouble making up the mind.B. This is the only family in the community who ____ different opinions while making up the mind.Ⅲ. 填空题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)Fill in the blanks with a question tag:29. Turn on the light,_____________?30. Let's go to the park this afternoon, _____________?Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the words given:31. It is recommended that a lawyer _____________(be) present when you begin to negotiate the terms in the contract.32. It is only typical of you. You _____________(always lose) things.33. If you favor _____________(work) on night shift, you may sign up here.34. He felt very _____________(depress) when he heard the story.35. Several strikers who _____________(imprison) for demonstration were set free yesterday.36. Mary negotiates _____________ (skillfully) than her boss.37. We had _____________ (fun) than we did last time.Fill in the blanks with an appropriate preposition:38. He is expected to arrive _____________ Christmas.39. The boys were all lying _____________ the floor.40. When money is _____________ short supply many businesses fail.41. Father doesn't want to let us go, but I know I can get _____________him.Fill in the blanks with an appropriate relative pronoun:42. He laughs best _____________ laughs last.43. She is married to a man _____________ she believes both makes a lot of money and loves her.44. Dr. Fordham still talks like the man _____________ he was ten years ago.Fill in the blanks with an appropriate coordinator or subordinator:45. _____________ he does is often at variance with what he says.46. _____________you go, I go too.Fill in the blanks with an assertive, non-assertive or negative word:47. We have interviewed several applicants, but _____________ is really qualified for the job.48. I've _____________ in all my life seen such a big animal.Ⅳ. 改错题(本大题共8小题，每小题1分，共8分)Correct errors in the following sentences:49. His books are wonderful. I've read any one of them.50. I've got five brothers, and every of them is quite different from the others.51. None of my parents are interested in my idea.52. The old woman had to stop and rest each two or three steps.53. She is too polite person to refuse.54. It was so warm day that I could hardly work.55. How much of job would it be to rebuild the garage?56. Between ourselves, I think she's a bit of fool.Ⅴ. 改写句子(本大题共13小题，每小题2分，共26分)Rewrite the following sentences as required:57. Turn the following statement into a tag question:We all had a wonderful time at the party last night.58. Turn the following sentence into the passive voice:According to them,only two tribes used to speak the ancient language of Aramaic.59. Use modal auxiliary:They were obliged to finance from short-term loans as the debts fell due.60. Use-ed participle as a complement:He felt that his spirit was lifted after hearing the news.61. Combine sentences using subordination:John decided to renew the lease on his New York apartment. He was growing tried of city life.62. Combine sentences using coordination and subordination:New Hampshire does not have a general sales tax. It does not have an income tax either. It is the only state that does not have either tax.63. Combine the sentences into one that contains a relative clause:She was afraid people would consider her conceited. She was actually not conceited at all.64. Write a counter-factual conditional based on the given facts:You lived far away. That's why we didn’t visit you frequently.65. Use discontinuity:Excessive exposure to violence on TV is more harmful than expected to children.66. Use fronting:He plunged into the tumultuous water just to show off to the girls.67. Use whatever cohesive device is appropriate:Check out the weather at your destination. If you do not check out the weather at you destination, things can be very embarrassing.68. Use whatever cohesive device is appropriate:To guard against lost luggage, buy brightly coloured luggage or wrap bags with a belt so other passengers will not mistake your luggage with their own luggage.69. Use whatever cohesive device is appropriate:A:John is going to marry Susan once he gets consent from her parents.B:In that case,John shouldn't be quarrelling with her parents all the time.Ⅵ. 名词解释(本大题共2小题，每小题2分，共4分)Define the following terms with examples:70. non-epistemic modal auxiliary71. Define “ellipsis” with two examples.Ⅶ. 简答题(本大题共3小题，每小题2分，共6分)Answer the following questions with the help of examples:72. List 2 situations in which simple present is used to refer to the past.73. What kind of grammatical functions can the-ed participle perform?(Give at least two kinds)74. Provide examples to illustrate the major types of postponement2003年4月全国高等教育自学考试英语语法试题参考答案I．单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）1.B2.D3.A4.A5.B6.A7.A8.D9.C 10.B 11.A 12.B 13.B 14.C 15.C 16.A 17.B 18.C 19.B 20.BII.选择填空题（本大题共8小题，每小题2分，共16分）21．Band; series 22.party;bunch 23.is are 24.seem;mine 25.less of ;than 26.much of ;as 27.is ;was 28.has ;haveIII.填空题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）29．Will you /won’t you 30.shall we 31.be 32.are always losing 33.working 34.depressed 35.had been imprisoned 36.more skillfully 37.more fun 38.at /on 39.on 40.in 41.round 42.who 43.who 44.that/who 45.what 46.wherever 47.none 48.neverIV,改错题（本大题共8小题，每小题1分，共8分）49．His books are wonderful .I’ve read every one of them.50.I’ve got five brothers ,and each of them is quite different from the others.51.Neither of my parents are/is interested in my idea.52.The old woman had to stop and rest every two or three steps .53.She is too polite a person to refuse.54. It was so warm a day that I could hardly work.55. How much job would it be to rebuild the garage?56.Between ourselves, I think she’s a bit fool.V.改写句子（本大题共13小题，每小题2分，共26分）57．You all had a wonderful time at the party last night ,didn’t you?58.The ancient language of Aramaic is said to have been spoken only among two tribes.59.They had to finance from short-term loans as the debts fell due.60. He felt his spirit after hearing the news.61. John decided to renew the lease on his New York apartment even though he was growing tired of city life.62. New Hampshire is the only state that does not have either a general sales tax or an income tax.63. She was afraid people would consider her conceited, which she was actually not.64. If you hadn't lived so far away, we would have visited you more frequently.65. Excessive exposure to violence on TV is more harmful to children than expected.66. Into the tumultuous water he plunged just to show off to the girls.67 If not, things can be very embarrassing.68 so other passengers will not mistake your luggage with their own.69. In that case, he shouldn't be quarrelling with them all the time.VI．名词解释（本大题共2小题，每小题2分，共4分）70. As opposed to epistemic modal auxiliary, non-epistemic modal auxiliary is not concerned with the speaker's assumption or assessment of probability.71. The basic principle of ellipsis is leaving out something understood and hence produces incomplete sentences with such a structure as to presuppose a preceding item. Ellipsis, somehow like substitutions, sets up cohesion on the basis of structural recoverability with reference to the linguistic context Here are three types of ellipsis:a. Nominal: Why give me two cups of coffee'?. I only asked for one.b. Verbal: A: Have you seen him before?B: Yes, I have (seen him before),c. Clausal: A: Will it rain tomorrow?B: Perhaps ( it will rain tomorrow).VII．简答题（本大题共3小题,每小题2分，共6分）72. Simple present is used to refer tO the past in situations such as (!) newspaper headlines, (2)photographic captions, (3) stage directions and, (4) utterances with verbs ofcommunications.73. Part of the verb phrase to form the perfective aspect or the passive voice, premodifier in thenoun phrase; postmodifier as a subject complement or an object complement.74. a. Passive voice:The rain destroyed the flowers. The flowers were destroyed by the rain.b. Extraposition:To spit at people is not funny. --- It is not funny to spit at people.c. Discontinuity:Sire is the only girl who can play the guitar in my class.--- She is the only girl m my class who can play the guitar.。

2003年4月全国英语阅读(一)试题及答案

2003年4月全国英语阅读(一)试题及答案

全国2003年４月高等教育自学考试英语阅读（一）试题课程代码：00595全部题目用用英文作答，并将答案写在答题纸相应的位置上，否则不计分。

PART ONEⅠ.TEXT CMOMPREHENSIONThe following comprehension questions are based on the texts you have learned, and each of them is provided with 4 choices marked [A],[B],[C]and[D].Choose the best answer to each question and write it on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points,1 point each)1.In Gifts of the Magi,both “gift” and “Magus” are in plural, because O. Henry wants to tell the reader that .[A] People are kind to Mr. and Mrs. Young[B] Mr. Young loves Mr. Young[C] Mrs. Young loves Mr. Young[D] Mr. and Mrs. Young love each other2. “I am not sure what I am rebelling against, but I really don‟t see a need for marriage. That isn‟ta statement about my feelings about the relationship, because there is no less strength of commitment.” The underlined clause means .[A] the married couples have more responsibility for each other[B] the cohabiting couples have more responsibility for each other[C] the married couples and the cohabiting ones show no responsibility for each other[D] both the married couples and cohabiting ones should be equally responsible for each other3. “Having come to a very remote and deserted spot, they realized their chance had come: catching Lorenzo off guard, they killed him.” The underlined phrase means .[A] Lorenzo was caught unawares[B] Lorenzo was caught off duty[C] Lorenzo was handed over to them by their guards[D] Lorenzo was caught when his guard was away4.In The Necklace, when Mme. Loise1 took back the necklace, how did Mme. Forrester react?[A] She opened the box and examined the jewel carefully.[B] She said coldly that Mme. Loise1 shouldn‟t have returned it so late.[C] She complained that the necklace had been substituted.[D] She was only too pleased to see her old friend again.5. The Fisherman and His Wife is of .[A] fable [B] myth[C] fairy story [D] fairy-tale-romance6.Mark Twain is NOT the author of .[A] The Adventures of Tom Sawyer[B] The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn[C] The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County[D] The Old Man and the Sea7. In his fable about a proud crow and a hungry fox, Aesop intends to tell the reader that .[A] the fox is never trust worthy[B] the fox is always homey-tongued[C] it is harmful to believe big talkers[D] it is harmful to listen to excessive flattery8. According to Bringing up Children, if one stage of child development has been left out, or not sufficiently experienced, .[A] the child may go back and recapture the experience of it[B] the parents may provide the child with the child with the opportunity to play with toys[C] the parents must be consistent in their attitude to their children[D] the child should be sent to a child clinic for a psychological treatment9.The theme of the story A Day‟s Wait is that.[A] misunderstandings can even occur between father and son[B] misunderstandings can sometimes lead to an odd experience[C] to be calm and controlled in the face of death is a mark of courage[D] death is something beyond a child‟s comprehension10. In A Day’s Wait, the hunting scene, at first glance, may seem to have little to do with the plot.However, the author has his own justification for describing it. Which of the following is NOT a reason for such description?[A] It diverts the reader so that the boy‟s real thoughts will be a greater surprise when they arerevealed.[B] It creates a sense of time passing so that we know it is close to evening by the time thefather gets home.[C] It gives the author an opportunity to show that he is able to write very complexsentences though he usually writes very short, simple ones.[D] It brings out a contrast between th e father‟s robust activities outside and the boy‟sterrible tension inside.11. In Art for Heart’s Sake, Dr. Caswell gave Ellsworth a suggestion that be .[A] take more medicine[B] listen to the radio or watch TV[C] take more automobile rides[D] take up art12. In How to live like a Millionaire, the self - made rich develop clear goals for .[A] accumulating income till the age of 50[B] having a dollar figure in mind and working for it[C] leaving an estate to their children[D] retiring early13. The short story as a genre in American literature probably began with Irving‟s The Sketch Book,a collection of essays, sketches and tales, among which the most famous and frequently anthologized are Rip Van Winkle and .[A] The Wild Honeysuckle[B] The Legend of Sleepy Hollow[C] The Scarlet Letter[D] The Pioneers14. “Not even the great Nicholas Veddle himself was safe from the tongue of this daring woman,who blamed himself for much of her husband‟s idleness.” The word tongue in this quotation probably refers to .[A] extremely intelligent and lively words[B] offensive or insulting remarks[C] a movable organ in the mouth[D] the tone or manner of speaking15. According to The Story of the Bible, the Jews were the first among all people to recognize that .[A] different gods made different things in nature[B] one single God created this world[C] one god was devoted to the making of water[D different gods were responsible for the making of the land16. According to Otto Jespersen, the ideal international language was the one that .[A] was the easiest to learn for people all over the world[B] was familiar to scientists all over the world[C] was based on Latin and Greek roots[D] derived the basic structure form non-Indo-European languages17. In Bricks from the Tower of the Babel, the writer provides a detailed explanation for which of the following?[A] The construction of the tower.[B] The structure and sound system of Esperanto.[C] The internationalization of some natural languages.[D] The Indo-European language family.18. In The Girls in Their Summer Dresses, Michael‟s state of mind suggests that .[A] he has adjusted himself to married life[B] he is often absent – minded and confused[C] he starts to resent Frances now[D] he takes for granted what he is doing19.In The Girls in Their Summer Dresses, Frances said, “You‟re going to make a move.” She said so to mean that Michael would .[A] move away to some other location[B] attract and move some girls[C] arouse deep emotions in girls[D] take action and leave her some day20. According to Universities and Polytechnics, Oxford and Cambridge are attractive to both the resident students and visitors for their .[A] advanced academic learning[B] excellent constituent colleges[C] organizational structures[D] buildings of historical significanceⅡ.READING COMPREHENSIONIn this part there are 4 reading passages followed by 20 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked [A], [B],[C] and [D]. You should decide onthe best answer and write it on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points, 2 points each)Passage 1Failure is probably the most fatiguing experience a person ever has. There is nothing more exhausting than not succeeding—being blocked, not moving ahead. It is an evil circle. Failure breeds fatigue, and fatigue makes it harder to get to work, which adds to the fatigue.We experience this tiredness in two main ways, as start-up fatigue and performance fatigue. In the former case, we keep putting off a task that we are forced to take up. Either because it is too tedious or because it is too difficult, we avoid it. And the longer we postpone it, the more tired we feel.Such start-up fatigue is very real, even not actually physical, not something in our muscles and bones. The remedy is obvious, though perhaps not easy to apply: willpower exercise. The moment I find myself turning away from a job, or putting it under a pile of other things I have to do, I clear my desk of everything else and attack the objectionable item first. To prevent start-up fatigue, always treat the most difficult job first.Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle. Here we are willing to get started, but we cannot seem to do the job right. Its difficulties appear to be insurmountable and however hard we work, we fail again and again. The mounting experience of failure carries with it an ever-increasing burden of mental fatigue. In such a situation, I work as hard as I can－then let the unconscious take over.21.Which of the following can be called an evil circle?[A] Success – zeal – success – zeal.[B] Failure – tiredness – failure – tiredness.[C] Failure – zeal – failure – tiredness.[D] Success – exhaustion – success – exhaustion.22. According to the passage, when keeping putting off a task, we can experience .[A] tiredness[B] performance fatigue[C] start-up fatigue[D] unconsciousness23. To overcome start-up fatigue, we need .[A] toughness[B] prevention[C] muscles[D] strong willpower24.The word insurmountable in the last paragraph probably means .[A]unable to be solved [B] unlikely to be understood[C] unable to be imagined [D] unlikely to be rejected25. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?[A] It is easier to overcome start-up fatigue.[B] Performance fatigue occurs when the job we are willing to take gets blocked.[C] One will finally succeed after experiencing the evil circle.[D] Fatigue often accompanies failure.Passage 2On days when there is work , I talk to the other guys. Some of them tell me that the harvest season is coming in northern California, and they say that one can earn good money there. Things haven‟t gone so badly in the car wash, but one afternoon I give the manager my thanks for having hired and promoted me, and with a little suitcase that night I board a Greyhound headed north. My ticket is made out for San Francisco, but I don‟t plan to go that far. I pla n to ride until I find a place where people are harvesting, and to get off the bus there.I sleep on the bus for a few hours that night, and in the morning, when I awake, I don‟t know where we are. I get up from my seat and walk down the bus aisle, looking for a Mexican or Chicano to tell me our location, but oddly enough, I don‟t see any among the passengers, who are all white-skinned. I pay attention to the road signs we pass, but they are not of much help. I can read the town names, but I don‟t know whe re the towns lie. A map would help me, and I decide to buy one at our next stop. Lots of things are for sale at the bus stop‟s gift shop, but there are no maps. I direct myself to wards the shop‟s operator, but I run into the language barrier. The operator is an Anglo, and when I speak to him in Spanish, he says that he doesn‟t understand. I try to practice my very precarious (不可靠的)English with him, but it‟s of no use. I have a rough idea of the sound of the words that I want to say, but I can‟t pronounce t hem right. I make signs, signaling a big piece of paper and say “form California,” but he turns into a question mark, with eyes wide open, arms raised and hands extended, “Map,” I say, but I don‟t pronounce the word very well. “Freeways, streets,” I add, but he still doesn‟t understand. He points out chewing gum, candies, pieces of cake, sandwiches, soft drinks, and cigarettes, trying to guess what I‟m asking for. But he doesn‟t show me any maps. Finally, I back out of the store, and as I leave I hear him say, “I‟m sorry.”A little before the bus leaves, I run into a Mexican-American in a hallway and I immediately ask him to help me find a map off California. We go back to the store. The Chicano asks for a map .“Ahh !Ahaaa!” the operator exclaims. Then he go es to a corner of his shelves and takes out what I‟ve been asking for. While I am paying him, he talks to the Chicano in a joyful tone. With the map in my hands, I give the Chicano my thanks, and he explains that the store-keeper thinks that I am asking if he needs anybody to clean the floor or “mop.”26. The writer decided to leave his job and go to northern California because .[A] his boss didn‟t like him[B] things were going badly in the car wash[C] he thought he could earn more money[D] th ere wasn‟t always work27. The writer wanted a map in order to .[A] find the way to San Francisco[B] help him with the road signs[C] know where he was in relation to the entire trip[D] find his way back to his workplace28. Form the passage, we can infer that .[A] the owner of the shop did not want to sell the writer a map[B] the writer was fired from the car wash[C] the writer was a migrant farm worker[D] the writer was traveling with a friend who could speak English29. The writer tries to make himself understood by all the following EXCEPT.[A]gestures[B] words or phrases[C] pronunciations[D] spelling the word30. We can learn from the story that .[A] incorrect pronunciations may result in misunderstanding[B] immigrants usually have a hard time in the foreign countries[C] a foreign language can be learned through conversations[D] traveling alone brings unexpected troubles and problemsPassage 3Exceptional children are different in some significant ways from others of the same age. For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children, we find ourselves describing their environment as well. While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance to the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself. Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development. And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of society‟s understanding－the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation.Education in any society is a mirror of that society. In that mirror we can see the strengths, the weaknesses, the hopes, the prejudices, and the central values of the culture itself. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.“All men are created equal.” We‟ve heard it many times, but it still has important meaning for education in America. Although the phrase was used by this country‟s founders to denote equality before the law, it has also been interpreted to mean equality of opportunity. That concept implies educational opportunity for all children－the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be small or great. Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children－disabled or not－to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education. In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who can not profit substantially from regular programs.31.In Paragraph 2, the author cites the example of the leading actor on the stage to show that .[A] the growth of exceptional children has much to do with their families and the society[B] exceptional children are more influenced by their families than normal children are[C] exceptional children are the key interest of the family and society[D] the needs of the society weigh much heavier than the needs of the exceptional children32.The reason why exceptional children receive so much concern in education is that .[A] they are expected to be leaders of the society[B] they might become a burden of the society[C] they should fully develop their potentials[D] disabled children deserve special consideration33. This passage mainly deals with .[A] the differences of children in their learning capabilities[B] the definition of exceptional children in modern society[C] special educational programs for exceptional children[D] the necessity of adapting education to exceptional children34.Form this passage we learn that the educational concern for exceptional children .[A] is now enjoying legal support[B] disagrees with the tradition of the country[C] was cl early stated by the country‟s founders[D] will exert great influence over court decisions35 .Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?[A] Exceptional children refer to those with mental or physical problems.[B] The author uses “All men are created equal” to counter the school program for exceptionalchildren.[C] Recent court decisions confirm the rights of exceptional children to learn with regularchildren.[D] Regular school programs fail to meet the requirements to develop the potential ofexceptional children.Passage 4Life is a series of problems. Do we want to moan about them or solve them? Do we want to teach our children to solve them?Discipline is the basic set of tools we require to solve life‟s problems. Without discipline w e can solve nothing. With only some discipline we can solve only some problems. With total discipline we can solve all problems.What makes life difficult is that the process of confronting and solving problems is a painful one. Problems, depending upon their nature, evoke in us frustration or grief or sadness or loneliness or guilt or regret or anger or fear or anxiety or anguish or despair. These are uncomfortable feelings, often very uncomfortable, often as painful as any kind of physical pain, sometimes equaling the very worst kind of physical pain. Indeed, it is because of the pain that events or conflicts engender in us all that we call them problems. And since life poses an endless series of problems, life is always difficult and is full of pain as well as joy.Yet it is this whole process of meeting and solving problems that life has its meaning. Problems are the cutting edge that distinguishes between success and failure. Problems call forth ourcourage and our wisdom; indeed, they create our courage and our wisdom. It is only because of problems that we grow mentally and spiritually. When we desire to encourage the growth of the human spirit, we challenge and encourage the human capacity to solve problems, just as in school we deliberately set problems for our children to solve. It is through the pain of confronting and resolving problems that we learn. As Benjamin Franklin said, “Those things that hurt, instruct.” It is for this reason that wise people learn not to dread but actually to welcome problems and actually to welcome the pain of problems.I have stated that discipline is the basic set of tools we require to solve life‟s problems. It will become clear that these tools are techniques of suffering, means by which we experience the pain of problems in such a way as to work them through and solve them successfully, learning and growing in the process. When we teach ourselves and our children discipline, we are teaching them and ourselves how to suffer and also how to grow.What are these tools, these techniques of suffering, these means of experiencing the pain of problems constructively that I call discipline? These are four: delaying of gratification (满足)，acceptance of responsibility, dedication to truth, and balancing. As will be evident, these are not complex tools whose application demands extensive training. To the contrary, they are simple tools, and almost all children are adept in their use by the age of ten. Yet presidents and kings will often forget to use them, to their own downfall. The problem lies not in the complexity of these tools but in the will to use them. For they are tools with which pain is confronted rather than avoided, and if one seeks to avoid legitimate suffering, then one will avoid the use of these tools.36.The main point of this passage is that .[A] without discipline we can solve nothing[B] problems evoke in us frustration or grief[C] dealing with one‟s problems gives life meaning[D] the tendency to avoid problems results in mental illness37. People who use a little discipline .[A] can solve all of their problems[B] can solve some of their problems[C] can solve nothing[D] have total discipline38. According to the author, which of the following makes life difficult?[A] Physical pain.[B] Frustration and guilt.[C] Solving problems.[D] Conflicts.39.Problems give our life meaning by all of the following means EXCEPT.[A] showing us the difference between success and failure[B] giving us courage[C] challenging us to grow[D] teaching us to avoid problems40.According to the author, which of the following is TRUE?[A] Successful leaders avoid their problems.[B] The tools for solving problems are hard to learn.[C] We need to confront emotional pain.[D] The tools of discipline are complicated.Ⅲ.SKIMMING AND SCANNINGIn this part there are 3 reading passages followed by 10 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 answers marked[A],[B],[C]and [D].Skim or scan the passages, then decide on the best answer and write it on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points,1 point each)Passage 1Dear Sires: Oct.30,1996 We are pleased to make you an offer regarding our …Swinger‟ dresses and trouser suits in the sizes you require. All the models can be supplied by the middle of December 1996, subject to our receiving your firm order by 15th November. Our C.I.F. prices are understood to be for sea/land transport to Chicago. If you would prefer the goods to be sent by air freight, this will be charged extra cost.Trouser Suits: sizes 8 – 16 in white, yellow, red, turquoise, black, pink per 100$2650.00Swinger Dresses: sizes 8 – 16 in white, yellow, red, turquoise, black per 100$1845.00Prices: valid until 31 st December, 1996Delivery: C. I. F. ChicagoTransport: sea/land freightPayment: by irrevocable letter of credit, or cheque with orderYou will be receiving cuttings of our materials and a colour chart. These were airmailed to you this morning. We hope you agree that our prices are very competitive for these good quality clothes, and look forward to receiving your initial order.Yours FaithfullyRobert Morgan41.Judging from the message given in the letter, the writer is a .[A] seller[B] buyer[C] government official[D] lawyer42. The price quoted for each Swinger Dress is .[A] $2650[B] $1845[C] $26.5[D] $18.4543.The goods under discussion can be delivered by .[A] Oct. 30, 1996[B] the middle of Dec.1996[C] Nov. 15, 1996[D] Dec. 31, 1996Passage 2When the CEO of lotus, manufacturer of computer software, interviews job candidates, he looks for people who can laugh out loud. At the headquarters of ice –cream maker Ben & Jerry‟s, the “Minister of Joy” supervises the “Joy Gang”, which has the job of spending $100,100 a year planning and implementing workplace fun. Odetics, maker of video security systems and other recording equipment, considered it an honor when Industry Week called it “the funniest place to work in the U.S.”In corporate America today, humor is a serious business. Workers have been downsized, re-engineered, restructured, and overworked for so long they have forgotten how to smile and laugh. To remind them, companies are posting amusing notes and cartoons on bulletin boards, building libraries of humorous books for workers to read, sp onsoring “fun at work” days, “laughter” committees, and even hiring specialists.As a result, the corporate humor business has taken off. A “humor services” group, called Humor Project, reports that it receives about twenty requests each day from companies looking for humor consultants. The Laughter Remedy, an organization that teaches the benefits of humor, helps employees build “humor skills” through a program that includes such steps as “developing the ability to play program that includes such steps as “developing the ability to play with language” and “finding humor in everyday life.” Humor consultant Paul McGhee gives audiences “remedial belly laughing” lessons. He tells them to smile, raise their eyebrows, lower their jaws, tighten their stomach muscles, and laugh. Speakers from Lighten Up Limited, a humor consulting firm, urge workers to tell jokes and take humor breaks. In their search for comic relief, organizations are spending thousands of dollars. Humor consultant Matt Weinstein, for example, receives $7500 for a ninety – minute talk.Why all the fuss and expense over an activity that seems contrary to the work ethic? One recent study reports that the most productive workplaces have at least the minutes of laughter every hour. And corporations that have added humor to workplace report an increase not only in productivity but also in employee loyalty , creativity, and morale, as well as improved teamwork and employee health.44.The corporate laughter business is booming because .[A] such an activity seems contrary to the work ethic[B] the humor business has proved profitable[C] the workers overwork, so much so that they intend to get their work re-engineered andrestructured[D] few corporations consider humor a serious business and an incentive to productivity45.According to the passage, the Laughter Remedy helps employees .[A] take humor breaks and relax themselves[B] develop their abilities to use language[C] build “humor skills” through a designed program[D] free themselves from the overwork46. It may be inferred from the passage that .[A] the character of Americans seems to require that they should be humorous[B] wherever there is demand, a market will be created[C] humor is the most popular leisure pursuit in the western world[D] humor is the only source of revenue for the “laughter” specialistsPassage 3This Valentine‟s Day, 35-year-old Peter Henig had no trouble finding a date.He had been elected one of the 10 most wanted bachelors of the Internet by Women. com. Since then, Henig gets some 100 emails a day from women all over the word asking him for a date.Henig is good-looking enough to be considered one of the most suitable bachelors in cyberspace. As a senior editor at Red Herring, the bim onthly magazine of the tech word, he‟s certainly smart and successful.Forget the yuppies of the 1980s, the hottest bachelors these days－dot-com crisis or not－are the Silicon boys.“I didn‟t need a date the badly,” said Henig. But when he was contacted b y Women. com to be included in their “Top 10 Men of the Internet” contest, he eagerly accepted.“I don‟t look at it as a dating machine. I just thought it could be fun,” he said.In Silicon Valley, often dubbed(称之为)as “valley of guys” for its high percen tage of unmarried men, the venture capital gold rush may be over, but the dating industry is booming.According to a recent report, Silicon Valley should be the place for single women looking for love. For every 318 single men in the city of San Jose, the heart of Silicon Valley, there are 288 single women.Known for their lack of social skills, computer geeks are showing that they too can have a life. This is especially true during the economic downturn for tech industries, when there‟s no real need to spend all that time in front of their computers.According to Katherine Winter, who met her husband on Match. Com, an online dating service, the end of gold rush may not be bad news for the Silicon boys. She said, “Silicon Valley is definitely the place to be for single women, because of the quality and the number of men.”47. According to the passage, Henig has been elected as one of the most wanted single men because he is .[A] a handsome young man[B] a computer expert[C] one of the hottest bachelors[D] good-looking, smart and successful48. According to Katherine Winter, Silicon Valley is the ideal place for single women to find。

2003年全国统一高考理综真题试题及答案

2003年全国统一高考理综真题试题及答案

2003年江苏省高考综合考试理科综合试卷本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和第11卷(非选择题)两部分，第1卷1至6页，第Ⅱ卷7至14页。

满分150分。

考试用时120分钟。

第1卷(选择题共75分)注意事项：1．答第1卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考试号、考试科目涂写在答题卡上。

考试结束，将试题卷和答题卡一并交回。

2．每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，不能答在试题卷上。

一、本卷共25题，每题3分，共75分．在下列各题的四个选项中，只有一个选项是符合题目要求的．1．生物的生命活动都要消耗能量，这些能量由呼吸作用提供．活细胞内进行有氧呼吸的主要场所是A.高尔基体 B．线粒体C.叶绿体D.核糖体2．如果—个人多食少动，即摄人的食物过多，消耗的物质过少，容易导致身体的肥胖，其主要原因是体内的A.有机物氧化分解成C02和H20 B．葡萄糖合成肝糖元C.非脂肪类有机物转变脂肪D.葡萄糖合成肌糖元3.用0.3g/mL的蔗糖溶液可以使洋葱表皮细胞发生质壁分离，在发生质壁分离的原生质层和细胞壁之间充满的物质是A.蔗糖溶液B.水C.细胞液D.空气4.某园艺场经过长期精心选育，培养出一株形态优美的兰花.如果要保持每本的优良性状，并尽快大规模繁殖，最适合的繁殖方式是A.分裂生殖B.有性生殖C.孢子生殖D.组织培养5.下面是—个草原生态系统食物网的模式图，该食物网中共有食物链A.3条B.4条C.5条D.6条6.2002年诺贝尔化学奖授予利用“质谱分析法”和“核磁共振技术”等对生物 大分子进行研究并作出重大贡献的科学家.下列物质中属于生物大分子的是 A.乙醇 B.葡萄糖 C.氨基酸 D.蛋白质7．136C N M R - (核磁共振)可以用于含碳化合物的结构分析．有关136C N M R -的说法正确的是A ．质子数为6B ．电子数为13C ．中子数为6D ．质量数为68．环境污染已成为人类社会面临的重大威胁之—．下列气体的排放不会造成大气污染的是 A ．S02 B ．N 2 C ．N02 D ．CO9．下列物质不属于有机物的是 A.CH 4 B ．CH 3CHO C ．NaCl D ．C 6H 610．不属于碱金属元素的是 A ．Li B ．Na C ．K D ．A111．下列说法正确的是A ．绿色食品是指不含任何化学物质的食品B ．纳米材料是一种称为“纳米”的新物质制成的材料C ．光导纤维是以二氧化硅为主要原料制成的高性能通讯材料D ．废旧干电池必须集中回收，目的是调剂给贫困地区使用 12．下列物质中既能跟盐酸反应，又能跟氢氧化钠溶液反应的是 A.Al(OH)3 B ．NaCl 溶液 C. K 2S04溶液 D ．稀H 2S0413.下列化合物中，不能由单质直接化合而得到的是 A.NH 3 B.Na 202C.FeCl 2D.FeCl 314.a g 的铜丝灼烧变黑，立即放人下列的某种物质中发生反应，铜丝变红且反应后铜丝质量仍为a g.则该物质是 A.稀H 2S04 B.C 2H 5OHC.CuS04溶液D.NaOH 溶液15.在O.1mol ／L 的CH 3COOH 溶液中存在如下电离平衡： CH 3COOH CH3COO -+H +对于该平衡，下列叙述正确的是A.加入少量NaOH 固体，平衡向正反应方向移动B.加水，反应速率增大，平衡向逆反应方向移动 C 滴加少量0.1mol ／LHCl 溶液，溶液中C(H +)减少 D.加入少量CH 3COONa 固体，平衡向正反应方向移动16.已知C 4H 10的同分异构体有两种:CH 3-CH 2-CH 2—CH 3、CH 3-CH(CH 3)-CH 3则C 4H 9OH 属于醇类的同分异构体共有A.1种B.2种C.3种D.4种 17.以下关于力的几种说法中，错误的是 A.力是物体间的相互作用 C.力是维持物体运动的原因 B.力能使物体发生形变 D.力是物体产生加速度的原因18.已知C 4H 10的同分异构体有两种:CH 3-CH 2-CH 2—CH 3、CH 3-CH(CH 3)-CH 318．如图所示，某质点沿半径为厂的半圆弧由口点运动到凸点，则它通过的位移和路程分别是 A ．0；0B ．2r ，向东； πrC ．r ，向东； πrD ．2r ，向东 2r19．下列涉及分子动理论的表述中，正确的是 A ．物质是由大量分子组成的B ．物体内分子的无规则运动，在通常条件下也可能停止C ．物体内分子之间的作用力一定表现为引力D ．物体内分子之间的作用力一定表现为斥力20．相隔—段距离的两个点电荷，它们之间的静电力为F ，现使其中—个点电荷的电量变为原来的2倍，同时将它们间的距离也变为原来的2倍，则它们之间的静电力变为 A ．2F B ．4F C ．2F D ．4F21．光导纤维在信息传递方面有很多应用．利用光导纤维进行光纤通信所依据的原理是 A.光的折射 B ．光的全反射 C 光的干涉 D ．光的色散 22．下列衰变中，属于。

2003年高考试题及答案

2003年高考试题及答案

2003年高考试题及答案2003年高考试题及答案：回顾与思考2003年高考是许多人人生中的重要时刻，也是一个备受关注的话题。

回顾这个特殊的一年，我们可以从不同角度看待高考试题及答案，以及其中所蕴含的深意。

首先，我们可以分析试题的难度和类型。

2003年的高考试卷相较于以往，难度相对较高，考查的知识面较为广泛。

语文科目中，除了传统文学知识外，还加入了一些现代作品以及社会热点话题；数学科目中，更加注重运用能力与解题能力的考察；英语科目中，增加了阅读理解题的数量，注重学生的阅读能力与理解能力。

这样的设计旨在考察学生的综合能力，不仅仅是死记硬背的知识。

其次，我们可以从答案中看到高考制度的合理性。

高考作为选拔人才的重要手段，注重的是学生的实际能力，而不是简单地填鸭式教学。

试题答案的设置，旨在引导学生通过较高层次的思考和解决问题的能力，去应对实际生活中的各种情境。

这也与现实社会对人才的需求相吻合，能够培养出更适应未来社会发展的人才。

在高考试题及答案中，我们可以看到教育的价值观念。

试题的设计不仅注重知识本身，更注重学生的思考、创新和实践能力。

与传统教育的死记硬背相比，此类试题更加注重培养学生的综合素质，追求全人教育。

这样的教育理念，在一定程度上能够培养学生的创新思维、合作精神和实践操作能力，使其具备更好的发展潜力。

然而，我们也不能忽视试题及答案中所存在的问题。

试题的难度和范围虽有所增加，但试卷的时间限制依然较为紧张，考生有时难以在有限时间内让答案得到充分展示。

此外，一些试题答案中的错误和模糊之处也存在，这为一些学生带来了不公平的评价结果。

因此，试题及答案的设计需要更加精细、准确，以确保公平性和客观性。

最后，我们可以思考高考试题及答案背后所呈现的教育意义。

高考试题的制定，旨在培养学生的基础知识和实际应用能力，以推动社会的进步和发展。

通过高考，学生们能够充分展现所学知识的运用能力，以及自身的发展潜能。

同时，高考也是对学生努力学习和付出的一种回报，是社会对他们未来发展的认可。

2003年4月全国英语阅读(一)试题及答案

2003年4月全国英语阅读(一)试题及答案

全国2003年４月高等教育自学考试英语阅读（一）试题课程代码：00595全部题目用用英文作答，并将答案写在答题纸相应的位置上，否则不计分。

PART ONEⅠ.TEXT CMOMPREHENSIONThe following comprehension questions are based on the texts you have learned, and each of them is provided with 4 choices marked [A],[B],[C]and[D].Choose the best answer to each question and write it on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points,1 point each)1.In Gifts of the Magi,both “gift” and “Magus” are in plural, because O. Henry wants to tell the reader that .[A] People are kind to Mr. and Mrs. Young[B] Mr. Young loves Mr. Young[C] Mrs. Young loves Mr. Young[D] Mr. and Mrs. Young love each other2. “I am not sure what I am rebelling against, but I really don‟t see a need for marriage. That isn‟ta statement about my feelings about the relationship, because there is no less strength of commitment.” The underlined clause means .[A] the married couples have more responsibility for each other[B] the cohabiting couples have more responsibility for each other[C] the married couples and the cohabiting ones show no responsibility for each other[D] both the married couples and cohabiting ones should be equally responsible for each other3. “Having come to a very remote and deserted spot, they realized their chance had come: catching Lorenzo off guard, they killed him.” The underlined phrase means .[A] Lorenzo was caught unawares[B] Lorenzo was caught off duty[C] Lorenzo was handed over to them by their guards[D] Lorenzo was caught when his guard was away4.In The Necklace, when Mme. Loise1 took back the necklace, how did Mme. Forrester react?[A] She opened the box and examined the jewel carefully.[B] She said coldly that Mme. Loise1 shouldn‟t have returned it so late.[C] She complained that the necklace had been substituted.[D] She was only too pleased to see her old friend again.5. The Fisherman and His Wife is of .[A] fable [B] myth[C] fairy story [D] fairy-tale-romance6.Mark Twain is NOT the author of .[A] The Adventures of Tom Sawyer[B] The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn[C] The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County[D] The Old Man and the Sea7. In his fable about a proud crow and a hungry fox, Aesop intends to tell the reader that .[A] the fox is never trust worthy[B] the fox is always homey-tongued[C] it is harmful to believe big talkers[D] it is harmful to listen to excessive flattery8. According to Bringing up Children, if one stage of child development has been left out, or not sufficiently experienced, .[A] the child may go back and recapture the experience of it[B] the parents may provide the child with the child with the opportunity to play with toys[C] the parents must be consistent in their attitude to their children[D] the child should be sent to a child clinic for a psychological treatment9.The theme of the story A Day‟s Wait is that.[A] misunderstandings can even occur between father and son[B] misunderstandings can sometimes lead to an odd experience[C] to be calm and controlled in the face of death is a mark of courage[D] death is something beyond a child‟s comprehension10. In A Day’s Wait, the hunting scene, at first glance, may seem to have little to do with the plot.However, the author has his own justification for describing it. Which of the following is NOT a reason for such description?[A] It diverts the reader so that the boy‟s real thoughts will be a greater surprise when they arerevealed.[B] It creates a sense of time passing so that we know it is close to evening by the time thefather gets home.[C] It gives the author an opportunity to show that he is able to write very complexsentences though he usually writes very short, simple ones.[D] It brings out a contrast between th e father‟s robust activities outside and the boy‟sterrible tension inside.11. In Art for Heart’s Sake, Dr. Caswell gave Ellsworth a suggestion that be .[A] take more medicine[B] listen to the radio or watch TV[C] take more automobile rides[D] take up art12. In How to live like a Millionaire, the self - made rich develop clear goals for .[A] accumulating income till the age of 50[B] having a dollar figure in mind and working for it[C] leaving an estate to their children[D] retiring early13. The short story as a genre in American literature probably began with Irving‟s The Sketch Book,a collection of essays, sketches and tales, among which the most famous and frequently anthologized are Rip Van Winkle and .[A] The Wild Honeysuckle[B] The Legend of Sleepy Hollow[C] The Scarlet Letter[D] The Pioneers14. “Not even the great Nicholas Veddle himself was safe from the tongue of this daring woman,who blamed himself for much of her husband‟s idleness.” The word tongue in this quotation probably refers to .[A] extremely intelligent and lively words[B] offensive or insulting remarks[C] a movable organ in the mouth[D] the tone or manner of speaking15. According to The Story of the Bible, the Jews were the first among all people to recognize that .[A] different gods made different things in nature[B] one single God created this world[C] one god was devoted to the making of water[D different gods were responsible for the making of the land16. According to Otto Jespersen, the ideal international language was the one that .[A] was the easiest to learn for people all over the world[B] was familiar to scientists all over the world[C] was based on Latin and Greek roots[D] derived the basic structure form non-Indo-European languages17. In Bricks from the Tower of the Babel, the writer provides a detailed explanation for which of the following?[A] The construction of the tower.[B] The structure and sound system of Esperanto.[C] The internationalization of some natural languages.[D] The Indo-European language family.18. In The Girls in Their Summer Dresses, Michael‟s state of mind suggests that .[A] he has adjusted himself to married life[B] he is often absent – minded and confused[C] he starts to resent Frances now[D] he takes for granted what he is doing19.In The Girls in Their Summer Dresses, Frances said, “You‟re going to make a move.” She said so to mean that Michael would .[A] move away to some other location[B] attract and move some girls[C] arouse deep emotions in girls[D] take action and leave her some day20. According to Universities and Polytechnics, Oxford and Cambridge are attractive to both the resident students and visitors for their .[A] advanced academic learning[B] excellent constituent colleges[C] organizational structures[D] buildings of historical significanceⅡ.READING COMPREHENSIONIn this part there are 4 reading passages followed by 20 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked [A], [B],[C] and [D]. You should decide onthe best answer and write it on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points, 2 points each)Passage 1Failure is probably the most fatiguing experience a person ever has. There is nothing more exhausting than not succeeding—being blocked, not moving ahead. It is an evil circle. Failure breeds fatigue, and fatigue makes it harder to get to work, which adds to the fatigue.We experience this tiredness in two main ways, as start-up fatigue and performance fatigue. In the former case, we keep putting off a task that we are forced to take up. Either because it is too tedious or because it is too difficult, we avoid it. And the longer we postpone it, the more tired we feel.Such start-up fatigue is very real, even not actually physical, not something in our muscles and bones. The remedy is obvious, though perhaps not easy to apply: willpower exercise. The moment I find myself turning away from a job, or putting it under a pile of other things I have to do, I clear my desk of everything else and attack the objectionable item first. To prevent start-up fatigue, always treat the most difficult job first.Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle. Here we are willing to get started, but we cannot seem to do the job right. Its difficulties appear to be insurmountable and however hard we work, we fail again and again. The mounting experience of failure carries with it an ever-increasing burden of mental fatigue. In such a situation, I work as hard as I can－then let the unconscious take over.21.Which of the following can be called an evil circle?[A] Success – zeal – success – zeal.[B] Failure – tiredness – failure – tiredness.[C] Failure – zeal – failure – tiredness.[D] Success – exhaustion – success – exhaustion.22. According to the passage, when keeping putting off a task, we can experience .[A] tiredness[B] performance fatigue[C] start-up fatigue[D] unconsciousness23. To overcome start-up fatigue, we need .[A] toughness[B] prevention[C] muscles[D] strong willpower24.The word insurmountable in the last paragraph probably means .[A]unable to be solved [B] unlikely to be understood[C] unable to be imagined [D] unlikely to be rejected25. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?[A] It is easier to overcome start-up fatigue.[B] Performance fatigue occurs when the job we are willing to take gets blocked.[C] One will finally succeed after experiencing the evil circle.[D] Fatigue often accompanies failure.Passage 2On days when there is work , I talk to the other guys. Some of them tell me that the harvest season is coming in northern California, and they say that one can earn good money there. Things haven‟t gone so badly in the car wash, but one afternoon I give the manager my thanks for having hired and promoted me, and with a little suitcase that night I board a Greyhound headed north. My ticket is made out for San Francisco, but I don‟t plan to go that far. I pla n to ride until I find a place where people are harvesting, and to get off the bus there.I sleep on the bus for a few hours that night, and in the morning, when I awake, I don‟t know where we are. I get up from my seat and walk down the bus aisle, looking for a Mexican or Chicano to tell me our location, but oddly enough, I don‟t see any among the passengers, who are all white-skinned. I pay attention to the road signs we pass, but they are not of much help. I can read the town names, but I don‟t know whe re the towns lie. A map would help me, and I decide to buy one at our next stop. Lots of things are for sale at the bus stop‟s gift shop, but there are no maps. I direct myself to wards the shop‟s operator, but I run into the language barrier. The operator is an Anglo, and when I speak to him in Spanish, he says that he doesn‟t understand. I try to practice my very precarious (不可靠的)English with him, but it‟s of no use. I have a rough idea of the sound of the words that I want to say, but I can‟t pronounce t hem right. I make signs, signaling a big piece of paper and say “form California,” but he turns into a question mark, with eyes wide open, arms raised and hands extended, “Map,” I say, but I don‟t pronounce the word very well. “Freeways, streets,” I add, but he still doesn‟t understand. He points out chewing gum, candies, pieces of cake, sandwiches, soft drinks, and cigarettes, trying to guess what I‟m asking for. But he doesn‟t show me any maps. Finally, I back out of the store, and as I leave I hear him say, “I‟m sorry.”A little before the bus leaves, I run into a Mexican-American in a hallway and I immediately ask him to help me find a map off California. We go back to the store. The Chicano asks for a map .“Ahh !Ahaaa!” the operator exclaims. Then he go es to a corner of his shelves and takes out what I‟ve been asking for. While I am paying him, he talks to the Chicano in a joyful tone. With the map in my hands, I give the Chicano my thanks, and he explains that the store-keeper thinks that I am asking if he needs anybody to clean the floor or “mop.”26. The writer decided to leave his job and go to northern California because .[A] his boss didn‟t like him[B] things were going badly in the car wash[C] he thought he could earn more money[D] th ere wasn‟t always work27. The writer wanted a map in order to .[A] find the way to San Francisco[B] help him with the road signs[C] know where he was in relation to the entire trip[D] find his way back to his workplace28. Form the passage, we can infer that .[A] the owner of the shop did not want to sell the writer a map[B] the writer was fired from the car wash[C] the writer was a migrant farm worker[D] the writer was traveling with a friend who could speak English29. The writer tries to make himself understood by all the following EXCEPT.[A]gestures[B] words or phrases[C] pronunciations[D] spelling the word30. We can learn from the story that .[A] incorrect pronunciations may result in misunderstanding[B] immigrants usually have a hard time in the foreign countries[C] a foreign language can be learned through conversations[D] traveling alone brings unexpected troubles and problemsPassage 3Exceptional children are different in some significant ways from others of the same age. For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children, we find ourselves describing their environment as well. While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance to the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself. Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development. And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of society‟s understanding－the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation.Education in any society is a mirror of that society. In that mirror we can see the strengths, the weaknesses, the hopes, the prejudices, and the central values of the culture itself. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.“All men are created equal.” We‟ve heard it many times, but it still has important meaning for education in America. Although the phrase was used by this country‟s founders to denote equality before the law, it has also been interpreted to mean equality of opportunity. That concept implies educational opportunity for all children－the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be small or great. Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children－disabled or not－to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education. In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who can not profit substantially from regular programs.31.In Paragraph 2, the author cites the example of the leading actor on the stage to show that .[A] the growth of exceptional children has much to do with their families and the society[B] exceptional children are more influenced by their families than normal children are[C] exceptional children are the key interest of the family and society[D] the needs of the society weigh much heavier than the needs of the exceptional children32.The reason why exceptional children receive so much concern in education is that .[A] they are expected to be leaders of the society[B] they might become a burden of the society[C] they should fully develop their potentials[D] disabled children deserve special consideration33. This passage mainly deals with .[A] the differences of children in their learning capabilities[B] the definition of exceptional children in modern society[C] special educational programs for exceptional children[D] the necessity of adapting education to exceptional children34.Form this passage we learn that the educational concern for exceptional children .[A] is now enjoying legal support[B] disagrees with the tradition of the country[C] was cl early stated by the country‟s founders[D] will exert great influence over court decisions35 .Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?[A] Exceptional children refer to those with mental or physical problems.[B] The author uses “All men are created equal” to counter the school program for exceptionalchildren.[C] Recent court decisions confirm the rights of exceptional children to learn with regularchildren.[D] Regular school programs fail to meet the requirements to develop the potential ofexceptional children.Passage 4Life is a series of problems. Do we want to moan about them or solve them? Do we want to teach our children to solve them?Discipline is the basic set of tools we require to solve life‟s problems. Without discipline w e can solve nothing. With only some discipline we can solve only some problems. With total discipline we can solve all problems.What makes life difficult is that the process of confronting and solving problems is a painful one. Problems, depending upon their nature, evoke in us frustration or grief or sadness or loneliness or guilt or regret or anger or fear or anxiety or anguish or despair. These are uncomfortable feelings, often very uncomfortable, often as painful as any kind of physical pain, sometimes equaling the very worst kind of physical pain. Indeed, it is because of the pain that events or conflicts engender in us all that we call them problems. And since life poses an endless series of problems, life is always difficult and is full of pain as well as joy.Yet it is this whole process of meeting and solving problems that life has its meaning. Problems are the cutting edge that distinguishes between success and failure. Problems call forth ourcourage and our wisdom; indeed, they create our courage and our wisdom. It is only because of problems that we grow mentally and spiritually. When we desire to encourage the growth of the human spirit, we challenge and encourage the human capacity to solve problems, just as in school we deliberately set problems for our children to solve. It is through the pain of confronting and resolving problems that we learn. As Benjamin Franklin said, “Those things that hurt, instruct.” It is for this reason that wise people learn not to dread but actually to welcome problems and actually to welcome the pain of problems.I have stated that discipline is the basic set of tools we require to solve life‟s problems. It will become clear that these tools are techniques of suffering, means by which we experience the pain of problems in such a way as to work them through and solve them successfully, learning and growing in the process. When we teach ourselves and our children discipline, we are teaching them and ourselves how to suffer and also how to grow.What are these tools, these techniques of suffering, these means of experiencing the pain of problems constructively that I call discipline? These are four: delaying of gratification (满足)，acceptance of responsibility, dedication to truth, and balancing. As will be evident, these are not complex tools whose application demands extensive training. To the contrary, they are simple tools, and almost all children are adept in their use by the age of ten. Yet presidents and kings will often forget to use them, to their own downfall. The problem lies not in the complexity of these tools but in the will to use them. For they are tools with which pain is confronted rather than avoided, and if one seeks to avoid legitimate suffering, then one will avoid the use of these tools.36.The main point of this passage is that .[A] without discipline we can solve nothing[B] problems evoke in us frustration or grief[C] dealing with one‟s problems gives life meaning[D] the tendency to avoid problems results in mental illness37. People who use a little discipline .[A] can solve all of their problems[B] can solve some of their problems[C] can solve nothing[D] have total discipline38. According to the author, which of the following makes life difficult?[A] Physical pain.[B] Frustration and guilt.[C] Solving problems.[D] Conflicts.39.Problems give our life meaning by all of the following means EXCEPT.[A] showing us the difference between success and failure[B] giving us courage[C] challenging us to grow[D] teaching us to avoid problems40.According to the author, which of the following is TRUE?[A] Successful leaders avoid their problems.[B] The tools for solving problems are hard to learn.[C] We need to confront emotional pain.[D] The tools of discipline are complicated.Ⅲ.SKIMMING AND SCANNINGIn this part there are 3 reading passages followed by 10 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 answers marked[A],[B],[C]and [D].Skim or scan the passages, then decide on the best answer and write it on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points,1 point each)Passage 1Dear Sires: Oct.30,1996 We are pleased to make you an offer regarding our …Swinger‟ dresses and trouser suits in the sizes you require. All the models can be supplied by the middle of December 1996, subject to our receiving your firm order by 15th November. Our C.I.F. prices are understood to be for sea/land transport to Chicago. If you would prefer the goods to be sent by air freight, this will be charged extra cost.Trouser Suits: sizes 8 – 16 in white, yellow, red, turquoise, black, pink per 100$2650.00Swinger Dresses: sizes 8 – 16 in white, yellow, red, turquoise, black per 100$1845.00Prices: valid until 31 st December, 1996Delivery: C. I. F. ChicagoTransport: sea/land freightPayment: by irrevocable letter of credit, or cheque with orderYou will be receiving cuttings of our materials and a colour chart. These were airmailed to you this morning. We hope you agree that our prices are very competitive for these good quality clothes, and look forward to receiving your initial order.Yours FaithfullyRobert Morgan41.Judging from the message given in the letter, the writer is a .[A] seller[B] buyer[C] government official[D] lawyer42. The price quoted for each Swinger Dress is .[A] $2650[B] $1845[C] $26.5[D] $18.4543.The goods under discussion can be delivered by .[A] Oct. 30, 1996[B] the middle of Dec.1996[C] Nov. 15, 1996[D] Dec. 31, 1996Passage 2When the CEO of lotus, manufacturer of computer software, interviews job candidates, he looks for people who can laugh out loud. At the headquarters of ice –cream maker Ben & Jerry‟s, the “Minister of Joy” supervises the “Joy Gang”, which has the job of spending $100,100 a year planning and implementing workplace fun. Odetics, maker of video security systems and other recording equipment, considered it an honor when Industry Week called it “the funniest place to work in the U.S.”In corporate America today, humor is a serious business. Workers have been downsized, re-engineered, restructured, and overworked for so long they have forgotten how to smile and laugh. To remind them, companies are posting amusing notes and cartoons on bulletin boards, building libraries of humorous books for workers to read, sp onsoring “fun at work” days, “laughter” committees, and even hiring specialists.As a result, the corporate humor business has taken off. A “humor services” group, called Humor Project, reports that it receives about twenty requests each day from companies looking for humor consultants. The Laughter Remedy, an organization that teaches the benefits of humor, helps employees build “humor skills” through a program that includes such steps as “developing the ability to play program that includes such steps as “developing the ability to play with language” and “finding humor in everyday life.” Humor consultant Paul McGhee gives audiences “remedial belly laughing” lessons. He tells them to smile, raise their eyebrows, lower their jaws, tighten their stomach muscles, and laugh. Speakers from Lighten Up Limited, a humor consulting firm, urge workers to tell jokes and take humor breaks. In their search for comic relief, organizations are spending thousands of dollars. Humor consultant Matt Weinstein, for example, receives $7500 for a ninety – minute talk.Why all the fuss and expense over an activity that seems contrary to the work ethic? One recent study reports that the most productive workplaces have at least the minutes of laughter every hour. And corporations that have added humor to workplace report an increase not only in productivity but also in employee loyalty , creativity, and morale, as well as improved teamwork and employee health.44.The corporate laughter business is booming because .[A] such an activity seems contrary to the work ethic[B] the humor business has proved profitable[C] the workers overwork, so much so that they intend to get their work re-engineered andrestructured[D] few corporations consider humor a serious business and an incentive to productivity45.According to the passage, the Laughter Remedy helps employees .[A] take humor breaks and relax themselves[B] develop their abilities to use language[C] build “humor skills” through a designed program[D] free themselves from the overwork46. It may be inferred from the passage that .[A] the character of Americans seems to require that they should be humorous[B] wherever there is demand, a market will be created[C] humor is the most popular leisure pursuit in the western world[D] humor is the only source of revenue for the “laughter” specialistsPassage 3This Valentine‟s Day, 35-year-old Peter Henig had no trouble finding a date.He had been elected one of the 10 most wanted bachelors of the Internet by Women. com. Since then, Henig gets some 100 emails a day from women all over the word asking him for a date.Henig is good-looking enough to be considered one of the most suitable bachelors in cyberspace. As a senior editor at Red Herring, the bim onthly magazine of the tech word, he‟s certainly smart and successful.Forget the yuppies of the 1980s, the hottest bachelors these days－dot-com crisis or not－are the Silicon boys.“I didn‟t need a date the badly,” said Henig. But when he was contacted b y Women. com to be included in their “Top 10 Men of the Internet” contest, he eagerly accepted.“I don‟t look at it as a dating machine. I just thought it could be fun,” he said.In Silicon Valley, often dubbed(称之为)as “valley of guys” for its high percen tage of unmarried men, the venture capital gold rush may be over, but the dating industry is booming.According to a recent report, Silicon Valley should be the place for single women looking for love. For every 318 single men in the city of San Jose, the heart of Silicon Valley, there are 288 single women.Known for their lack of social skills, computer geeks are showing that they too can have a life. This is especially true during the economic downturn for tech industries, when there‟s no real need to spend all that time in front of their computers.According to Katherine Winter, who met her husband on Match. Com, an online dating service, the end of gold rush may not be bad news for the Silicon boys. She said, “Silicon Valley is definitely the place to be for single women, because of the quality and the number of men.”47. According to the passage, Henig has been elected as one of the most wanted single men because he is .[A] a handsome young man[B] a computer expert[C] one of the hottest bachelors[D] good-looking, smart and successful48. According to Katherine Winter, Silicon Valley is the ideal place for single women to find。

2003年全国硕士研究生入学考试西医综合科目试题及答案

2003年全国硕士研究生入学考试西医综合科目试题及答案

2003年全国硕士研究生入学考试西医综合一、A型题：共92个小题。

在每小题给出的A、B、C、D、E五个选项中，只有一项是最符合题目要求的。

1、属于负反馈调节的过程见于A、排尿反射B、减压反射C、分娩过程D、血液凝固E、排便反射2、下列关于Na+-K+泵的描述，错误的是A、仅分布于可兴奋细胞的细胞膜上B、是一种镶嵌于细胞膜上的蛋白质C、具有分解ATP而获能的功能D、能不断将Na+移出细胞膜外，而把K+移入细胞膜内E、对细胞生物电的产生具有重要意义3、红细胞悬浮稳定性差会导致A、溶血B、红细胞凝聚C、血液凝固D、血沉加快E、出血时间延长4、第二心音的产生主要是由于A、房室瓣开放B、房室瓣关闭C、动脉瓣开放D、动脉瓣关闭心室壁振动5、决定微循环营养通路周期性开闭的主要因素是A、血管升压素B、肾上腺素C、去甲肾上腺素D、血管紧张素E、局部代谢产物6、下列关于肺表面活性物质的描述，错误的是A、能降低肺的顺应性B、能降低肺泡表面张力C、能减少肺的弹性阻力D、由肺泡II型细胞分泌E、脂质成分为二棕榈酰卵磷脂7、下列关于通气/血流比值的描述，正确的是A、为肺通气量和心输出量的比值B、比值增大或减小都降低肺换气效率C、人体直立时肺尖部比值较小D、比值增大犹如发生了动－经脉短路E、比值减小意味着肺泡无效腔增大8、分泌胃酸的细胞为A、壁细胞B、主细胞C、颗粒细胞D、黏液细胞E、Cajal细胞9、迷走神经兴奋引起胰液分泌的特点是A、水分少，碳酸氢盐和酶的含量丰富B、水分和碳酸氢盐的含量少，酶的含量丰富C、水分多，碳酸氢盐和酶的含量均少D、水分、碳酸氢盐和酶的含量均多E、水分和碳酸氢盐的含量多，酶的含量少10、影响能量代谢最主要的因素是A、寒冷B、高温C、肌肉活动D、精神活动E、进食11、肾重吸收葡萄糖的部位是A、近曲小管B、髓袢细段C、髓袢升支粗段D、远曲小管E、集合管12、大量饮清水后，尿量增多的主要原因是A、肾小球滤过率增加B、肾血浆流量增多C血浆胶体渗透压降低D、血管升压素分泌减少E、醛固酮分泌减少13、下列关于视网膜上两种感光细胞的叙述，错误的是A、视杆细胞分布于视网膜周边部，而视锥细胞分布于中心部B、视杆细胞对光敏感度较视锥细胞低C、视杆细胞不能分辨颜色，而视锥细胞能分辨颜色D、视杆细胞对备视物结构的分辨能力较视锥细胞低E、视杆细胞传入通路的会聚程度较视锥细胞高14、下列各项中，属于条件反射的是A、咀嚼、吞咽食物引起胃液分泌B、异物接触眼球引起眼睑闭合C、叩击股四头肌腱引起小腿前伸D、强光刺激视网膜引起瞳孔缩小E、闻到食物香味引起唾液分泌15、交感神经兴奋可使A、胃肠运动加强B、消化液分泌增多C、膀胱逼尿肌收缩D、支气管平滑肌舒张E、瞳孔缩小16、影响神经系统发育最重要的激素是A、生长素B、甲状腺激素C、皮质醇D、肾上腺素E、胰岛素17、下列关于肾上腺糖皮质激素的叙述，正确的是A、促进蛋白质合成B、促进脂肪的合成和贮存C、促进细胞利用葡萄糖D、保持血管对儿茶酚胺的正常反应E、减少血中红细胞的数量18、正常月经周期中雌激素出现第二次高峰的直接原因是A、雄激素的正反馈作用B、孕激素的正反馈作用C、催乳素的作用D、黄体生成素的作用E、促卵泡激素的作用19、稳定蛋白质分子中α－螺旋和β－折叠的化学键是A、肽键B、二硫键C、盐键D、氢键E、疏水作用20、下列关于DNA双螺旋结构模型的叙述，不正确的是A、两股脱氧核苷酸链呈反向平行B、两股链间存在碱基配对关系C、螺旋每周包含1 0对碱基D、螺旋的螺距为3.4nmE、DNA形成的均是左手螺旋结构21、已知某种酶的Km值为25mmol/L，欲使酶促反应达到最大反应速度的50％，该底物浓度应为A、12.5mmol/LB、25mmol/LC、37.5mmol/LD、50mmol/LE、75mmol/L22、下列参与糖代谢的酶中，哪种酶催化的反应是可逆的？A、糖原磷酸化酶B、己糖激酶C、果糖二磷酸酶D、丙酮酸激酶E、磷酸甘油酸激酶23、酮体不能在肝中氧化的主要原因是肝中缺乏A、HMG CoA合成酶B、HMG CoA裂解酶C、HMG CoA还原酶D、琥珀酰CoA转硫酶E、β-羟丁酸脱氢酶24、经代谢转变生成牛磺酸的氨基酸是A、半胱氨酸B、蛋氨酸C、苏氨酸D、赖氨酸E、缬氨酸25、氢化物中毒是由于抑制了下列哪种细胞色素（Cyt）？A、Cyt aB、Cyt aa3C、Cyt bD、Cyt cE、Cyt c126、氮杂丝氨酸干扰核苷酸合成是因为它的结构相似于A、丝氨酸B、甘氨酸C、天冬氨酸D、天冬酰胺E、谷氨酰胺27、下列不属于DNA分子结构改变的是A、点突变B、DNA重排C、DNA甲基化D碱基缺失碱基插入28、真核生物中，催化转录产物为hnRNA的RNA聚合酶是A、RNA聚合酶核心酶B、RNA聚合酶IC、RNA聚合酶IID、RNA聚合酶IIIE、RN A聚合酶β亚基29、下列属于终止密码子的是：A、UCAB、UCGC、UACD、UAAE、UGC30、有些基因在一个生物个体的几乎所有细胞中持续表达，这类基因称为A、可诱导基因B、可阻遏基因C、操纵基因D、启动基因E、管家基因31、下列关于游离胆红素的叙述，正确的是A、胆红素与葡萄糖醛酸结合B、水溶性较大C、易透过生物膜D、可通过肾脏随尿排出E、与重氮试剂称直接反应32、通过胞内受体发挥作用的激素是A肾上腺素B、甲状腺激素C、胰高血糖素D、胰岛素E、促肾上腺皮质激素33、慢性肺源性心脏病发生的关键环节是A、肺间质纤维化B、肺气肿C、肺动脉高压D、肺动脉分支血栓栓塞E、肺阻塞性通气障碍34、病毒性肝炎时，肝细胞的灶性坏死属于A、凝固性坏死B、液化性坏死C、干酪样坏死D、固缩性坏死E、坏疽35、前臂断肢再植手术成功后，下列哪种愈合属于完全再生？A、动脉吻合口愈合B、皮肤伤口愈合C、骨折愈合D、肌肉断端愈合E、肌腱断端愈合36、下列各项中，属于白色血栓的是A、延续性血栓的体部B、阻塞冠状动脉作前降支的血栓C、阻塞肺动脉主干的血栓栓子D疣状血栓性心内膜炎的疣状赘生物E、基底动脉的血栓37、具有趋化作用的炎症介质是：A、组胺B、缓激肽C、氧自由基D、C3bE、C5a38、炎症时，经被动过程从血管内到血管外组织的细胞是A、淋巴细胞B、红细胞C、单核细胞D、嗜酸性粒细胞E、嗜碱性粒细胞39、交界性肿瘤是A、既有癌，又有肉瘤成分的肿瘤B、侵犯表皮和真皮交界部位的肿瘤介于良性和恶性肿瘤之间的肿瘤D、侵犯黏膜和黏膜肌层交界部位的肿瘤E、既有腺癌成分，又有鳞癌成分的肿瘤40、下列哪项属于真性肿瘤？A、畸胎瘤B、动脉瘤C、错构瘤D迷离瘤E结41、艾滋病患者中，最常见的恶性肿瘤是A、霍奇金病B、非霍奇金淋巴瘤C、Kaposi肉瘤D、子宫颈癌E、阴茎癌42、慢性排斥反应中，移植物的血管病变特点是A、血管内膜纤维化B、血管肌层肥厚C、血管外膜纤维组织增生D血管壁纤维素样坏死E、血管壁玻璃样变性43、形成肉芽肿的心肌炎是A、特发性巨细胞性心肌炎B、柯萨奇B病毒性心肌炎C、埃可病毒性心肌炎D、白喉性心肌炎E、葡萄球菌性心肌炎44、引起水冲脉的疾病是A、二尖瓣关闭不全B、三尖瓣关闭不全C、主动脉关闭不全D、二尖瓣狭窄E、主动脉瓣狭窄45、肝硬化的特征性病变是A、肝细胞增生B小胆管增生C、纤维组织增生D、肝细胞坏死E、假小叶形成46、以皮肤病变为特点的淋巴瘤是A、蕈样霉菌病B、Burkitt淋巴瘤C、免疫母细胞性淋巴瘤D、小淋巴细胞性淋巴瘤E、滤泡性淋巴瘤47、用硝酸甘油类药物使肥厚型梗阻性心肌病患者症状加重的原因是A、扩张大动脉，降低了周围血压B、扩张经脉，左室射血分数增加C、扩张静脉，使回心血流量减少D、冠状动脉收缩E、心肌氧耗量增加48、下列关于高血压病降压治疗的原则，哪一项是错误的？A、发生高血压急症应迅速降压B、血压控制满意后，可以立即停药C、单个药物宜从小剂量开始D、联合用药E、尽可能用长效制剂，减少血压波动49、下列哪项不引起高排血量心力衰竭？A、严重贫血B、甲状腺功能亢进C、动静脉瘘D、脚气病E、二尖瓣关闭不全50、关于阵发性夜间呼吸困难发生的可能机制，下列哪一项是错误的？A、入睡时迷走神经兴奋性增高，小支气管收缩，影响肺泡通气B、卧位时膈肌上抬，肺活量减少C、卧床后，左室不能承受回流增多的血量，左室舒张末压升高D、熟睡时呼吸中枢敏感性降低E、由于夜间心动过缓引起51、下列哪种类型的急性心肌梗死危险性最大？A、前壁心肌梗死并发三度房室传导阻滞B、下壁心肌梗死并发三度房室传导阻滞C、下壁合并后壁心肌梗死D、前壁合并高侧壁心肌梗死E、高侧壁合并后侧壁心肌梗死52、下列哪种疾病的临床表现与缩窄性心包炎最相似？A、肥厚型梗阻性心肌病B、风湿性心脏病C、冠心病D、限制型心肌病E肺心病53、男性，47岁，10天前患急性前壁心肌梗死入院，一天来胸痛再发，呈持续性，在吸气时及仰卧位时加重，坐位或前倾位时可减轻。

合同法模拟考试试题及答案

合同法模拟考试试题及答案

、单项选择（每题 2 分，共 30 分）1、合同权利义务关系的终止的最基本原因应当是（ A ）。

A •清偿B •抵销C •提存D •免除2、违约责任的归责原则是（ B ）。

A. 过错责任原则 B •严格责任原则C.公平责任原则 D •过错推定原则3、甲、乙签订一份买卖合同，约定：任何一方违约应向对方支付违约金10000 元。

同时甲向乙支付定金 5000 元。

后乙不履行合同，造成甲的经济损失 10500 元。

现甲起诉至法院，法院应当责令乙向甲承担（ B ）。

A. 10500 元B. 15500 元C. 20500 元D. 30500 元4、根据《合同法》的规定，下列各项中可以转让的债权是（ D ）。

A•根据合同性质不得转让的 B •当事人约定不得转让的C •依法律规定不得转让的 D.债务人不同意转让的5、甲（卖方）与乙（买方）于2001 年1 月5 日订立买卖合同，约定甲同年1 月10 日前发货，乙同年 2 月 18 日前付款，由丙接受乙的委托提供保证担保，但丙与乙约定仅对甲这个特定债权人提供保证。

同年 4 月6 日，乙将 10 万元货款债务转移给 A 公司，下列说法正确的是（ A ）。

A •乙转移债务必须先经甲同意，才发生效力B •乙经丙同意转移债务即对甲发生效力C •乙通知甲，其转移债务行为即发生效力D •乙必须通知甲和丙才发生转移债务效力6、合同担保的目的是（ C ）A •促使债务人履行债务B •确保债权人债权的实现C •促使债务人履行债务和确保债权人债权实现的统一7、甲欠乙 1 万元到期未还。

2003 年 4 月，甲得知乙准备起诉索款，便将自己价值3 万元的全部财物以1 万元卖给了知悉其欠乙款未还的丙，约定付款期限为2004 年底。

乙于 2003 年 5 月得知这一情况，于 2004 年 7 月决定向法院提起诉讼。

乙提出的（ B ）诉讼请求能够得到法院支持。

A. 请求宣告甲与丙的行为无效B. 请求法院撤销甲与丙的行为C•请求以自己的名义行使甲对丙的 1万元债权D.请求丙承担侵权责任8、乙对甲负有债务且无资力清偿，乙对丙享有权利且怠于行使，下列表述正确的是（ C ）。

2003年04月自考00037美学试题及答案

2003年04月自考00037美学试题及答案

全国2003年4月高等教育自学考试美学试题课程代码：00037一、单项选择题(本大题共30小题，每小题1分，共30分)1．从事物的客观属性中探求美，其最大的合理性就在于（B）A.体现了唯物辩证法的精神B.抓住了美具有感性形式这一特点C.肯定了美就存在于人类的生活中D.强调了美的客观实在性2．弗洛伊德的精神分析学对美学的突出贡献是（B）A.把美的本质问题的探讨引入到人的主观精神世界B.揭开了心理无意识这一重要领域C.发现了人的心理结构D.描述了人的审美心理机制3．马克思把美学研究从康德重主观的方向重新转移到重客观的方向，这里的“客观”主要是指（D）A.外在的自然界 B.人所改造过的自然界 C.人所创造的物质产品 D.人类社会或社会化了的人类4．王国维在《人间词话》中说：“诗人对宇宙人生，须入乎其内，又须出乎其外。

入乎其内，故能写之；出乎其外，故能观之”。

与这段话最切近的美论是（D）A.美在形式B.美在关系C.美在生活D.美在距离5．标志着美学作为一门独立学科正式建立的美学著作是（C）A.柏拉图《大希庇阿斯篇》B.维柯《新科学》C.鲍姆嘉登《美学》D.黑格尔《美学》6．“由上而下”的美学研究方法的主要特点是（ C ）A.重视科学实验B.注重实证C.哲学思辨D.心理分析7．大自然成为人类审美对象的直接前提是（C）A.人类学会了使用劳动工具B.人类社会初步形成C.人类自身价值得到了充分肯定D.人类具备了运用语言的能力8．把山水作为绘画、文学等艺术样式的题材，这标志着（C）A.艺术开始进入自觉的时代B.审美活动开始走向独立C.人对自然审美意识开始觉醒D.人对现实审美关系的建立9．美感产生于（D）A.游戏B.摹仿C.巫术D.社会实践10．“爱美是人的天性”的说法出自（C）A.席勒B.柏拉图C.亚里士多德D.尼采11．孕育意象所需要的“虚静”并不排除或超越（D）A.功利B.逻辑C.日常自我D.自由12．提出“神思”的理论家是（C）A.司马迁B.司空图C.刘勰D.严羽13．美感开始于（C）A.异性的吸引B.游戏的冲动C.工具的制造和使用D.祭祀的崇拜14．从历史发展的观点看，美感（B）A.没有起点B.有一个起点，却没有终点C.既无起点，也无终点D.有起点，也有终点15．俗话说“对牛弹琴”，它说明美感的形成依赖于（B）A.感官B.审美能力C.想象D.灵性16．载道说界定艺术的角度是（B）A.艺术的起源B.艺术的功能C.艺术的本质D.艺术的内容17．在各种艺术意象中，最具有自然天成特点的是（B）A.仿象B.兴象C.喻象D.抽象18．意象思维和抽象思维的区别不在于（D）A.前者主要是心理学范畴，后者主要是认识论范畴B.前者一般不使用抽象概念，后者需要运用抽象概念C.前者的目的在于求美，后者的目的在于求真D.前者的成果是精神产品，后者的成果不是精神产品19．中国古代把“艺”解释为各种操作与本领与技能，这说明艺术品是一种（C）A.精神产品B.物质产品C.人工制品D.自然物20．下列艺术观中，不是由现代美学家提出的学说是（D）A.集体无意识说B.有意味的形式说C.符号说D.娱乐说21．席勒认为，通过审美教育，人们可以（C）A.由“自由王国”进入“必然王国”B.由“审美王国”进入“必然王国”C.由“审美王国”进入“自由王国”D.由“自由王国”进入“审美王国”22．下列不属于美育特点的是（D）A.感性B.感染性C.愉悦性D.规范性23．“以美育代宗教”的主张的提出者是（B）A.王国维B.蔡元培C.李大钊D.李泽厚24．霍布斯的喜剧主张是（ A ）A.突然荣耀说B.预期失望说C.生命的机械化D.心理能量消耗的节省25．中国古代的“风骨”范畴，类似于现在美学范畴中的（B）A.优美B.崇高C.悲剧D.喜剧26．笪重光说：“密叶偶间枯枝，顿添生姿，纽干或生剥蚀，愈见苍颜。

2003年高考全国卷.理科数学试题及答案

2003年高考全国卷.理科数学试题及答案

2003年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷）数 学（理工农医类）注意事项：1. 答第Ⅰ卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目用铅笔涂写在答题卡上．2. 每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案，不能答在试题卷上．3. 考试结束，监考人将本试卷和答题卡一并收回．参考公式：三角函数的积化和差公式： 正棱台、圆台的侧面积公式 )]sin()[sin(21cos sin βαβαβα-++=⋅ l c c S )(21+'=台侧 其中c '、c 分别表示 )]sin()[sin(21sin cos βαβαβα--+=⋅ 上、下底面周长，l 表示斜高或母线长. )]cos()[cos(21cos cos βαβαβα-++=⋅ 球体的体积公式：334R V π=球 ，其中R )]cos()[cos(21sin sin βαβαβα--+-=⋅ 表示球的半径. 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分第Ⅰ卷（选择题共60分）一.选择题：本大题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合要求的1．已知2(π-∈x ，0），54c o s =x ，则2tg x = （ ） （A ）247 （B ）247- （C ）724 （D ）724- 2．圆锥曲线θθρ2cos sin 8=的准线方程是 （ ） （A ）2cos -=θρ （B ）2cos =θρ （C ）2sin =θρ （D ）2sin -=θρ3．设函数⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧-=-2112)(xx f x 00>≤x x ，若1)(0>x f ，则0x 的取值范围是 （ ）（A ）（1-，1） （B ）（1-，∞+）２（C ）（∞-，2-）⋃（0，∞+） （D ）（∞-，1-）⋃（1，∞+）4．函数)cos (sin sin 2x x x y +=的最大值为 （ ）（A ）21+ （B ）12- （C ）2 （D ）25．已知圆C ：4)2()(22=-+-y a x （0>a ）及直线l ：03=+-y x ，当直线l 被C 截得的弦长为32时，则a （ ）（A ）2 （B ）22- （C ）12- （D ）12+6．已知圆锥的底面半径为R ，高为3R ，在它的所有内接圆柱中，全面积的最大值是（ ）（A ）22R π （B ）249R π （C ）238R π （D ）223R π 7．已知方程0)2)(2(22=+-+-n x x m x x 的四个根组成一个首项为41的的等差数列，则=-||n m （ ）（A ）1 （B ）43 （C ）21 （D ）83 8．已知双曲线中心在原点且一个焦点为F （7，0），直线1-=x y 与其相交于M 、N 两点，MN 中点的横坐标为32-，则此双曲线的方程是 （ ） （A ）14322=-y x （B ）13422=-y x （C ）12522=-y x （D ）15222=-y x 9．函数x x f sin )(=，]23,2[ππ∈x 的反函数=-)(1x f （ ） （A ）x arcsin - 1[-∈x ，1] （B ）x arcsin --π 1[-∈x ，1]（C ）x arcsin +π 1[-∈x ，1] （D ）x arcsin -π 1[-∈x ，1]10．已知长方形的四个顶点A （0，0），B （2，0），C （2，1）和D （0，1），一质点从AB 的中点0P 沿与AB 的夹角θ的方向射到BC 上的点1P 后，依次反射到CD 、DA 和AB 上的点2P 、3P 和4P （入射角等于反射角），设4P 的坐标为（4x ，0），若214<<x ，则tg θ的取值范围是 （ ）３（A ）（31，1） （B ）（31，32） （C ）（52，21） （D ）（52，32） 11．=++++++++∞→)(lim 11413122242322nn n C C C C n C C C C （ ） （A ）3 （B ）31 （C ）61 （D ）6 12．一个四面体的所有棱长都为2，四个顶点在同一球面上，则些球的表面积为（ ）（A ）π3 （B ）π4 （C ）π33 （D ）π62003年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷）数 学（理工农医类）第Ⅱ卷（非选择题共90分）二.填空题：本大题共4小题，每小题4分，共16分把答案填在题中横线上 13．92)21(xx -的展开式中9x 系数是 14．使1)(log 2+<-x x 成立的x 的取值范围是15．如图，一个地区分为5个行政区域，现给地图着色，要求相邻地区不得使用同一颜色，现有4种颜色可供选择，则不同的着色方法共有种（以数字作答） 16．下列5个正方体图形中，l 是正方体的一条对角线，点M 、N 、P 分别为其所在棱的中点，能得出⊥l 面MNP 的图形的序号是 （写出所有符合要求的图形序号）① ② ③ ④ ⑤PMNlPN M l N l P M l M N P N l PM 2 1 53 4４ 三、解答题：本大题共6小题，共74分，解答应写出文字说明，证明过程或或演算步骤17．（本小题满分12分）已知复数z 的辐角为︒60，且|1|-z 是||z 和|2|-z 的等比中项，求||z18．（本小题满分12分）如图，在直三棱柱111C B A ABC -中，底面是等腰直角三角形，︒=∠90ACB ，侧棱21=AA ，D 、E 分别是1CC 与BA 1的中点，点E 在平面ABD 上的射影是△ABD 的重心G（I ）求B A 1与平面ABD 所成角的大小（结果用反三角函数值表示）（II ）求点1A 到平面AED 的距离19．（本小题满分12分） 已知0>c ，设 P ：函数x c y =在R 上单调递减 Q ：不等式1|2|>-+c x x 的解集为R如果P 和Q 有且仅有一个正确，求c 的取值范围20．（本小题满分12分）在某海滨城市附近海面有一台风，据监测，当前台风中心位于城市O （如图）的东偏南102arccos (=θθ）方向300km 的海面P 处，并以20km/h 的速度向西偏北︒45方向移动，台风侵袭的范围为圆形区域，当前半径为60km ，并以10km/h 的速度不断增大，问几小时后该城市开始受到台风的侵袭？D E K BC A BA F C G θ北 东y 线 岸 O xP r P45︒海５21．（本小题满分14分）已知常数0>a ，在矩形ABCD 中，4=AB ，a BC 4=，O 为AB 的中点，点E 、F 、G 分别在BC 、CD 、DA 上移动，且BE CF DG BC CD DA==，P 为GE 与OF 的交点（如图），问是否存在两个定点，使P 到这两点的距离的和为定值？若存在，求出这两点的坐标及此定值；若不存在，请说明理由22．（本小题满分12分，附加题4 分）（I ）设}{n a 是集合|22{t s + t s <≤0且Z t s ∈,}中所有的数从小到大排列成的数列，即31=a ，52=a ，63=a ，94=a ，105=a ，126=a ，…将数列}{n a 各项按照上小下大，左小右大的原则写成如下的三角形数表：35 69 10 12— — — —…………⑴写出这个三角形数表的第四行、第五行各数；⑵求100a（II ）（本小题为附加题，如果解答正确，加4 分，但全卷总分不超过150分）设}{n b 是集合t s r t s r <<≤++0|222{，且},,Z t s r ∈中所有的数从小到大排列成的数列，已知1160=k b ，求k .O PA GD FE C B x y６2003年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷)数学（理工农医类）答案一、选择题：本题考查基本知识和基本运算. 每小题5分，满分60分.1．D 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．C 6．B 7．C 8．D 9．D 10．C 11．B 12．A二、填空题：本题考查基本知识和基本运算.每小题4分,满分16分.13．221- 14．（-1，0） 15．72 16．①④⑤ 三、解答题：本大题共6小题，共74分.解答应写出文字说明，证明过程或演算步骤. 17． 解：设)60sin 60cos r r z +=，则复数.2r z 的实部为2,r z z r z z ==-由题设 .12||).(12,12:.012,421,)2)(2(||)1)(1(:|2||||1|2222-=--=-==-++-=+-∴--=---⋅=-z r r r r r r r r r z z z z z z z z 即舍去解得整理得即 18．（Ⅰ）解：连结BG ，则BG 是BE 在ABD 的射影，即∠EBG 是A 1B 与平面ABD 所成的角. 设F 为AB 中点，连结EF 、FC ，.32arcsin.323136sin .3,32,22,2.36321,2)4(.3,1,31.,,,,,,112211所成的角是与平面于是分中在直角三角形的重心是连结为矩形平面又的中点分别是ABD B A EB EG EBG EB B A AB CD FC EG ED FD EF FD FD FG EF EFD DF G ADB G DE CDEF ABC DC B A CC E D ∴=⋅==∠∴===∴===⨯===∴==⋅=∈∴∆∴⊥ （Ⅱ）解：,,,F AB EF EF ED AB ED =⋂⊥⊥又.36236232222,.,.,.,.,111111*********的距离为到平面中在的距离到平面是即平面垂足为作面且面平面平面面又面AED A AB B A A A K A AB A AED A K A AED K A K AE K A AE AB A AED AB A AED AED ED AB A ED ∴=⨯=⋅=∆⊥∴⊥=⋂⊥∴⊂⊥∴７19．解：函数x c y =在R 上单调递减.10<<⇔c不等式.1|2|1|2|上恒大于在函数的解集为R c x x y R c x x -+=⇔>-+22,2,|2|2,2,|2|2.1|2|121.21,,0.21,, 1.(0,][1,).2x c x c x x c c x c y x x c R c x x c R c c P Q c P Q c c -≥⎧+-=⎨<⎩∴=+-∴+->⇔>⇔><≤≥⋃+∞函数在上的最小值为不等式的解集为如果正确且不正确则如果不正确且正确则所以的取值范围为20．解：如图建立坐标系以O 为原点，正东方向为x 轴正向.在时刻：（1）台风中心P （y x ,）的坐标为⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧⨯+⨯-=⨯-⨯=.22201027300,2220102300t y t x 此时台风侵袭的区域是,)]([)()(22t r y y x x ≤-+-其中,6010)(+=t t r 若在t 时刻城市O 受到台风的侵袭，则有.)6010()0()0(222+≤-+-t y x 即22)22201027300()2220102300(t t ⨯+⨯-+⨯-⨯2412,028836,)6010(22≤≤≤+-+≤t t t t 解得即 答：12小时后该城市开始受到台风的侵袭.21．根据题设条件，首先求出点P 坐标满足的方程，据此再判断是否存在的两定点，使得点P 到两点距离的和为定值.按题意有A （－2，0），B （2，0），C （2，4a ），D （－2，4a ）设(01)BE CF DG k k BC CD DA===≤≤ 由此有E （2，4a k ），F （2－4k ，4a ），G （－2，4a －4ak ）８ 直线OF 的方程为：0)12(2=-+y k ax ①直线GE 的方程为：02)12(=-+--a y x k a ②从①，②消去参数k ，得点P （x,y ）坐标满足方程022222=-+ay y x a 整理得1)(21222=-+aa y x 当212=a 时，点P 的轨迹为圆弧，所以不存在符合题意的两点. 当212≠a 时，点P 轨迹为椭圆的一部分，点P 到该椭圆焦点的距离的和为定长 当212<a 时，点P 到椭圆两个焦点（),21(),,2122a a a a ---的距离之和为定值2 当212>a 时，点P 到椭圆两个焦点（0，)21,0(),2122-+--a a a a 的距离之和为定值2a . 22．（本小题满分12分，附加题4分）（Ⅰ）解：用(t,s)表示22t s +，下表的规律为3（(0,1)=0122+）5(0,2) 6(1,2)9(0,3) 10(1,3) 12(2,3)— — — —…………（i ）第四行17(0,4) 18(1,4) 20(2,4) 24(3,4)第五行 33(0,5) 34(1,5) 36(2,5) 40(3,5) 48(4,5)（i i ）解法一：因为100＝（1+2+3+4+……+13）+9，所以100a =(8,14)＝81422+＝16640解法二：设0022100t s a +=，只须确定正整数.,00t s数列}{n a 中小于02t的项构成的子集为 },0|2{20t t t s s <<≤+９ 其元素个数为.1002)1(,2)1(000020<--=t t t t C t 依题意满足等式的最大整数0t 为14，所以取.140=t因为100－.1664022,8s ,181410000214=+=∴=+=a s C 由此解得（Ⅱ）解：,22211603710++==k b令}0|22{2B ,(}1160|{r t s r C B c M t s <<≤++=<∈=其中因}.22222|{}222|{}2|{37107107101010++<<+∈⋃+<<∈⋃<∈=c B c c B c c B c M 现在求M 的元素个数：},100|222{}2|{10<<<≤++=<∈t s r c B c t s r其元素个数为310C ： }.70|222{}222|{1071010<<≤++=+<<∈s r c B c r s某元素个数为}30|222{}22222|{:710371071027<≤++=++<<+∈r c B c C r某元素个数为.1451:2327310710=+++=C C C k C另法：规定222r t s ++=（r,t,s ），1073160222k b ==++＝（3,7,10）则0121222b =++＝ （0,1,2） 22C依次为 （0,1,3） （0,2,3） （1,2,3） 23C（0,1,4） （0,2,4）（1,2,4）（0,3,4） （1,3,4）（2,3,4） 24C…………（0,1,9） （0,2,9）………… （ 6,8,9 ）（7,8,9） 29C（0,1,10）（0,2,10）.........（0,7,10）（ 1,7,10）（2,7,10）（3,7,10） (2)7C +422222397()4145.k C C C C =+++++=。

(自学考试)企业经济统计学历年计算题试题及答案

(自学考试)企业经济统计学历年计算题试题及答案

计划开动台时利用率=实际工作台时/ (计划台时-计划 大中修实际停开台时) ×100%= 37445 =97.87%
38260 • (3)金属切削机床台时利用率。
• (2)计划台时利用率；
制度台时利用率=实际工作台时/ (制度台时-计划大 中修实际停开台时) ×100%= 37445 =92.92%
本年 2000 1500 -
• 又知本年一、二、三、四季度定额流动资金平均占用 额分别为516万元、500万元、494万元、490万元。 • 要求：（1）求本年定额流动资金平均占用额； • （2）上年和本年定额流动资金周转次数和天数； • （3）上年和本年百元产值占用流动资金； • （4）加速流动资金周转节约的金额。
真题：2007年4月计算题
• ①建筑一幢长25米，宽16米的3层办公楼， 于本月开始挖槽建筑基础。 • ②新建机加车间厂房一座，长25米，宽20 米，于本月24日交付使用。 • ③新建发电车间厂房长30米，宽20米，已 于本月15日完成了施工图规定的全部任务， 并验收合格，但由于设备未安装不能使用。 计算本月新开工面积，施工面积及竣工面 积。
真题：2006年4月计算题
• 51．某化肥厂某月份生产情况如下。（8分）
氮肥名称 硫酸铵 硝酸铵 尿素 产量（吨） 2540 6850 800 含氮量% 21.00 34.65 46.20
• 要求：计算该化肥厂本月份 • （1）以硫酸铵为标准品的氮肥总产量。 • （2）含氮量为100%的折纯品氮肥总产量。
• 53．第二机械厂在生产车床时，单耗定额 水平为0.1吨钢材，实际生产车床900台， 用钢81吨。（6分） • 要求：试计算：（1）单耗定额指数 • （2）单耗下降节约的钢材数量
真题：2006年4月计算题

2003年高考.辽宁卷.数学试题及答案

2003年高考.辽宁卷.数学试题及答案

2003年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（辽宁卷）数 学第Ⅰ卷（选择题 共60分）注意事项：1．答第Ⅰ卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考号、考试科目用铅笔涂写在答题卡上2．每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡 皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案，不能答在试题卷上参考公式：如果事件A 、B 互斥，那么 球的表面积公式P （A+B ）=P （A ）+P （B ） S=4πR 2如果事件A 、B 相互独立，那么 其中R 表示球的半径P （A ·B ）=P （A ）·P （B ） 球的体积公式如果事件A 在一次试验中发生的概率是P.334R V π=那么n 次独立重复试验中恰好发生k 次的概 率 其中R 表示球的半径k n k k n n P P C k P --=)1()(一、选择题：本大题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的.1．与曲线11-=x y 关于原点对称的曲线为 （ ）A ．x y +=11B ．x y +-=11C ．x y -=11D ．xy --=112． 已知==-∈x x x 2tan ,54cos ),0,2(则π（ ）A ．247B ．－247C ．724D ．－724 3．=+-2)3(31i i（ ）A ．i 4341+ B ．i 4341--C ．i 2321+ D ．i 2321--4．已知四边形ABCD 是菱形，点P 在对角线AC 上（不包括端点A 、C ），则=（ ）A ．)1,0(),(∈+λλAD AB B ．)22,0(),(∈+λλC ．)1,0(),(∈-λλD ．)22,0(),(∈-λλBC AB 5．设函数⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧>≤-=-0,0,12)(,21x xx x f x 若1)(0>x f ，则x 0的取值范围是（ ）A ．（－1，1）B ．（－1，+∞）C ．（－∞，－2）∪（0，+∞）D ．（－∞，－1）∪（1，+∞）6．等差数列}{n a 中，已知33,4,31521==+=n a a a a ，则n 为 （ ）A ．48B ．49C ．50D ．51 7．函数),1(,11ln+∞∈-+=x x x y 的反函数为（ ）A ．),0(,11+∞∈+-=x e e y xx B ．),0(,11+∞∈-+=x e e y xxC ．)0,(,11-∞∈+-=x e e y xx D ．)0,(,11-∞∈-+=x e e y xx 8．棱长为a 的正方体中，连结相邻面的中心，以这些线段为棱的八面体的体积为（ ）A ．33aB ．43aC ．63aD ．123a9．设c bx ax x f a ++=>2)(,0，曲线)(x f y =在点))(,(00x f x P 处切线的倾斜角的取值范围为]4,0[π，则P 到曲线)(x f y =对称轴距离的取值范围为 （ ）A ．]1,0[aB ．]21,0[aC ．|]2|,0[a b D ．|]21|,0[ab - 10．已知双曲线中心在原点且一个焦点为与其相交于直线1),0,7(-=x y F M 、N 两点，MN中点的横坐标为,32-则此双曲线的方程是 （ ）A ．14322=-y x B ．13422=-y x C ．12522=-y x D ．15222=-y x 11．已知长方形的四个顶点A （0，0），B （2，0），C （2，1）和D （0，1）.一质点从AB 的中点P 0沿与AB 夹角为θ的方向射到BC 上的点P 1后，依次反射到CD 、DA 和AB 上的点P 2，P 3和P 4（入射角等于反射角）. 设P 4的坐标为（x 4，0），若214<<x ， 则θtan 的取值范围是（ ）A ．（31，1） B ．）32,31(C ．)21,52(D ．)32,52(12．一个四面体的所有棱长都为2，四个顶点在同一球面上，则此球的表面积为 （ ） A ．3π B ．4πC ．π33D ．6π第Ⅱ卷（非选择题 共90分）二、填空题：本大题共4小题，每小题4分，共16分.答案填在题中横线上. 13．92)21(xx -展开式中9x 的系数是 . 14．某公司生产三种型号的轿车，产量分别为1200辆，6000辆和2000辆，为检验该公司的产品质量现用分层抽样的方法抽取46辆进行检验，这三种型号的轿车依次应抽取， ， 辆 15．某城市在中心广场建造一个花圃，花圃分为6个部分 （如图）.现要栽种4种不同颜色的花，每部分栽种一种且相邻部分不能栽种同样颜色的花，不同的栽种方 法有 （以数字作答） 16．对于四面体ABCD ，给出下列四个命题 ①若AB=AC ，BD=CD ，则BC ⊥AD ②若AB=CD ，AC=BD ，则BC ⊥AD③若AB ⊥AC ，BD ⊥CD ，则BC ⊥AD ④若AB ⊥CD ，BD ⊥AC ，则BC ⊥AD 其中真命题的序号是 .（写出所有真命题的序号）三、解答题：本大题共6小题，共74分.解答应写出文字说明，证明过程或演算步骤. 17．（本小题满分12分）已知正四棱柱ABCD —A 1B 1C 1D 1，AB=1，AA 1=2，点E 为CC 1中点，点F 为BD 1中点.（1）证明EF 为BD 1与CC 1的公垂线； （2）求点D 1到面BDE 的距离.AA18．（本小题满分12分）已知函数)0,0)(sin()(πϕωϕω≤≤>+=x x f 是R 上的偶函数，其图像关于点)0,43(πM 对称，且在区间]2,0[π上是单调函数，求ϕ和ω的值.19．（本小题满分12分） 设0>a ，求函数)),0(()ln()(+∞∈+-=x a x x x f 的单调区间.20．（本小题满分12分）A 、B 两个代表队进行乒乓球对抗赛，每队三名队员，A 队队员是A 1，A 2，A 3，B123现按表中对阵方式出场，每场胜队得1分，负队得0分，设A 队、B 队最后所得总 分分别为ξ、η（1）求ξ、η的概率分布； （2）求E ξ，E η. 21．（本小题满分14分）设0a 为常数，且)(2311+--∈-=N n a a n n n（1）证明对任意012)1(]2)1(3[51,1a a n n n n n nn ⋅-+⋅-+=≥-； （2）假设对任意1≥n 有1->n n a a ，求0a 的取值范围.22．（本小题满分14分）已知常数a >0，向量c =（0，a ），i =（1，0），经过原点O 以c +λi 为方向向量的直线与经过定点A （0，a ）以i －2λc 为方向向量的直线相交于点P ，其中λ∈R.试问：是否存在两个定点E 、F ，使得|PE|+|PF|为定值.若存在，求出E 、F 的坐标；若不存在，说明理由.2003年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（辽宁卷）数学试题（理工农医类）参考解答一、选择题：本题考查基本知识和基本运算每小题5分，满分60分1.A2.D3.B4.A5.D6.C7.B8.C9.B 10.D 11.C 12.A 二、填空题：本题考查基本知识和基本运算，每小题4分，满分16分13．221-14．6，30，10 15．120 16．①④ 三、解答题17．本小题主要考查线面关系和四棱柱等基础知识,考查空间想象能力和推理能力.满分12分.AA（I ）证法一：取BD 中点M ，连结MC ，FM ，∵F 为BD 1中点， ∴FM ∥D 1D 且FM=21D 1D又EC=21CC 1，且EC ⊥MC ， ∴四边形EFMC 是矩形 ∴EF ⊥CC 1 …………3分 又CM ⊥面DBD 1 ∴EF ⊥面DBD 1 ∵BD 1⊂面DBD 1，∴EF ⊥BD 1 故EF 为BD 1与CC 1的公垂线. 证法二：建立如图的坐标系，得)OB （0，1，0），D 1（1，0，2），F )1,21,21( C 1（0，0，2），E （0，0，1）.…………2分)2,0,0(),0,21,21(1==∴CC EF)2,1,1(1-=BD ……………………4分 0,011=⋅=⋅∴BD CC即EF ⊥CC 1，EF ⊥BD 1故EF 是CC 1与BD 1的公垂线.……6分 （II ）解：连结ED 1，有DBE D DBD E V V --=11由（I ）知EF ⊥面DBD 1，设点D 1到面BDE 的 距离为d ，则S △DBC ·d=S △DBD 1·EF.………………9分 ∵AA 1=2·AB=1.22,2====∴EF ED BE BD 23)2(2321,2222121=⋅⋅==⋅⋅=∴∆∆DBC DBD S S 33223222=⨯=∴d故点D 1到平面BDE 的距离为332. 18． 本小题主要考查三角函数的图象和单调性、奇偶性等基本知识，以及分析问题和推理计算能力.满分12分.解：由)(x f 是偶函数，得)()(x f x f =-，即)sin()sin(ϕωϕω+=+-x x ， 所以x x ωϕωϕsin cos sin cos =-对任意x 都成立，且0>ω，所以得0cos =ϕ， 依题设πϕ≤≤0，所以解得2πϕ=.……………………4分由)(x f 的图象关于点M 对称，得)43()43(x f x f +-=-ππ， 取,0=x 得),43()43(ππf f -=所以,0)43(=πf43cos)243sin()43(ωππωππ=+=f ， 2,1,0,243,0,043cos =+=>=∴k k ππωπωωπ得又…， ………………8分,2,1,0),12(32=+=∴k k ω….当k =0时，]2,0[)232sin()(,32ππω在+==x x f 上是减函数；当k =1时，]2,0[)22sin()(,2ππω在+==x x f 上是减函数；当2≥k 时，]2,0[)2sin()(,310ππωω在+=≥x x f 上不是单调函数.所以，综合得232==ωω或. ………………12分 19．本小题主要考查导数的概念和计算，应用导数研究函数性质的方法及推理和运算能力. 满分12分.解：)0(121)(>+-='x ax xx f . ………………2分 当0,0>>x a 时 0)42(0)(22>+-+⇔>'a x a x x f .0)42)0)(22<+-+⇔<'a x a x x f（i ）当1>a 时，对所有0>x ，有0)42(22>+-+a a x . 即0)(>'x f ，此时)(x f 在),0(+∞内单调递增. …………5分 （ii ）当1=a 时，对1≠x ，有0)42(22>+-+a x a x ，即0)(>'x f ，此时)(x f 在（0，+∞）内单调递增，在),1(+∞内单调递增又知函数)(x f 在x=1处连续，因此，函数)(x f 在（0，+∞）内单调递增…………7分 （iii ）当10<<a 时，令0)(>'x f ，即0)42(22>+-+a x a x . 解得a a x a a x -+->---<122,122或.因此，函数)(x f 在区间)122,0(a a ---内单调递增，在区间),122(+∞-+-a a 内也单调递增. ………………10分 令0)42(,0)(22<+-+<'a x a x x f 即， 解得a a x a a -+-<<---122122.因此，函数)(x f 在区间)122,12-2a a a a -+---（内单调递减. ………………12分20．本小题考查离散型随机变量分布列和数学期望等概念，考查运用概率知识解决实际问题的能力.满分12分. 解：（1）ξ、η的可能取值分别为3，2，1，0.758525232)3(=⨯⨯==ξP 7528525332525231535232)2(=⨯⨯+⨯⨯+⨯⨯==ξP 52525331535231535332)1(=⨯⨯+⨯⨯+⨯⨯==ξP ，253535331)0(=⨯⨯==ξP …………4分 根据题意知ξ+η=3，所以 P(η=0)=P(ξ=3)=758, P(η=1)=P(ξ=2)= 7528P(η=2)=P(ξ=1)= 52, P(η=3)=P(ξ=0)= 253. …………8分（2）15222530521752827583=⨯+⨯+⨯+⨯=ξE ； 因为ξ+η=3，所以 .15233=-=ξηE E …………12分21．本小题主要考查数列、等比数列的概念，考查数学归纳法，考查灵活运用数学知识分析问题和解决问题的能力，满分14分. （1）证法一：（i ）当n=1时，由已知a 1=1－2a 0，等式成立； （ii ）假设当n=k （k ≥1）等式成立，则,2)1(]2)1(3[5101a a k k k k kk ---+=- 那么01112)1(]2)1(3[52323a a a k k k k kkk kk +-+---+-=-= .2)1(]2)1(3[5101111a k k k k k ++++-+-+=也就是说，当n=k+1时，等式也成立.根据（i ）和（ii ），可知等式对任何n ∈N +，成立. …………6分证法二：如果设),3(233111-----=-n n n n n a a αα 用1123---=n n n a a 代入，可解出51=α. 所以⎭⎬⎫⎩⎨⎧-53n n a 是公比为－2，首项为531-a 的等比数列. ).()2)(5321(5310+-∈---=-∴N n a a n n n即.2)1(52)1(301a a n n nn n n -+-+=- ………………6分（2）解法一：由n a 通项公式 .23)1(523)1(32011111a a a n n n n n n n -----⨯-+⨯-+⨯=-)(1N n a a n n ∈>∴-等价于 ).()23()15()1(201+--∈<--N n a n n ……① …………8分（i ）当n=2k －1，k=1，2，…时，①式即为 32022)23()15()1(--<--k k a即为 .51)23(51320+<-k a ……②②式对k=1，2，…都成立，有 .3151)23(5110=+⨯<-a ………………10分（ii ）当n=2k ，k=1，2，…时，①式即为 .)23()15()1(22012--<--k k a即为 .51)23(51220+⨯->-k a ……③ ③式对k=1，2，…都成立，有 .051)23(512120=+⨯->-⨯a …………12分综上，①式对任意n ∈N *，成立，有.3100<<a故a 0的取值范围为).31,0( …………14分解法二：如果1->n n a a （n ∈N *）成立，特别取n=1，2有 .031001>-=-a a a.06012>=-a a a 因此 .3100<<a …………9分下面证明当.3100<<a 时，对任意n ∈N *，.01>--n n a a 由a n 的通项公式 .235)1(23)1(32)(5011111a a a n n n n n n n -----⨯⨯-+⨯-+⨯=-（i ）当n=2k －1，k=1，2…时， 011112352332)(5a a a n n n n n ----⨯⨯-⨯+⨯=->025*******=⨯-⨯+⨯---n n n (12)分（ii ）当n=2k ，k=1，2…时，011112352332)(5a a a n n n n n ----⨯⨯+⨯-⨯=->.0233211≥⨯-⨯--n n 故a 0的取值范围为).31,0( …………14分22．本小题主要考查平面向量的概念和计算,求轨迹的方法，椭圆的方程和性质，利用方程判定曲线的性质，曲线与方程的关系等解析几何的基本思想和综合解题能力，满分12分.解：根据题设条件，首先求出点P 坐标满足的方程，据此再判断是否存在两定点，使得点P到两定点距离的和为定值.∵i =（1，0），c=（0，a ）， ∴c+λi =（λ，a ），i －2λc=（1，－2λa ）. (2)分因此，直线OP 和AP 的方程分别为 ax y =λ 和 ax a y λ2-=-. …………4分消去参数λ，得点),(y x P 的坐标满足方程222)(x a a y y -=-.整理得 .1)2()2(81222=-+a a y x ……① …………7分 因为,0>a 所以得：（i ）当22=a 时，方程①是圆方程，故不存在合乎题意的定点E 和F ； （ii ）当220<<a 时，方程①表示椭圆，焦点)2,2121(2a a E -和)2,2121(2a a F --为合乎题意的两个定点；（iii ）当22>a 时，方程①也表示椭圆，焦点))21(21,0(2-+a a E 和))21(21,0(2--a a F 为合乎题意的两个定点. …………12分。

2003年4月全国自考英语(二)试题及答案

2003年4月全国自考英语(二)试题及答案

2003年4月全国自考英语(二)试题一、从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。

(每小题1分，共10分)1. It took a long time for her to ______ the fact that her husband was dismissed．A. come up againstB. come up toC. come up withD. come to terms with2. Was it in that school ______ he developed his interest in physics?A. whichB. from whichC. whereD. that3. ______ for your help，I would not have over come the psychological pressures and tensions．A. Not beenB. Without beingC. Had it not beenD. Not having been4. ______ nothing to say，the boy shied way from the crowd．A. HaveB. HavingC. HadD. Having being5. As activity carried _____as one thinks fit in one’s spare time，leisure has several functions.A. onB. outC. offD. over6. Why do you blame him for his poor judgment on the matter ______ he really needs is encouragement?A. when thatB. since thatC. when whatD. now that7. The other timing system belongs in our internal clocks，which，left ______ would tie the body to a 25-hour rhythm.A. behindB. aloneC. outD. aside8. It has been years ______ I returned home．A. afterB. thatC. sinceD. when9. We’ll keep you ______ any news．A. up to date withB. in step withC. in line withD. in terms of10. I'd like to go to the cinema，but I’m ______ to．A. enableB. disableC. unableD. able二、下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。

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北京东大正保科技有限公司收集整理 地址： 北京市海淀区知春路1 号 电话:(010)82335555 12 页
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北京东大正保科技有限公司收集整理 地址： 北京市海淀区知春路1 号 电 话:(010)82335555 12 页
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北京东大正保科技有限公司收集整理 地址： 北京市海淀区知春路1 号 电 话:(010)82335555 12 页
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北京东大正保科技有限公司收集整理 地址： 北京市海淀区知春路1 号 电 话:(010)82335555 12 页
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北京东大正保科技有限公司收集整理 地址： 北京市海淀区知春路1 号 电 话:(010)82335555 12 页
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北京东大正保科技有限公司收集整理 地址： 北京市海淀区知春路1 号 电 话:(010)82335555 12 页
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北京东大正保科技有限公司收集整理 地址： 北京市海淀区知春路1 号 电 话:(010)82335555 12 页
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北京东大正保科技有限公司收集整理 地址： 北京市海淀区知春路1 号 电 话:(010)82335555 12 页
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北京东大正保科技有限公司收集整理 地址： 北京市海淀区知春路1 号 电 话:(010)82335555 12 页
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