Of_Studies赏析

Of Studies
谈读书
1. Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.
东旭：读书是为了娱乐、装饰和增长才能。

王佐良：读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。

2. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgement and disposition of business.
东：其娱乐方面的主要用途在于独处和隐退之时；其装饰方面的主要用途在于言谈之中；其增长才能方面的主要用途在于对事务的判断和处理。

王：其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其傅彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。

3. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best from those that are learned.
东：因为虽然有实践经验的人能完成特定工作，而且也许还能对个别的事情一一作出判断，但是宏观的建议，以及对事务的筹划和安排，绝大多数都是出自有学问的人。

王：练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判断枝节，然纵观统筹、全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。

4. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much
for ornament, is affection; to make judgement wholly by their rule, is the humour of a scholar.
东：把时间过多地花费在学问上，是怠惰；把学问过多地用做装饰，是虚伪；完全按学问的规则来判断，则是书呆子的嗜好。

王：读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。

5. The perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in experience.
东：学问能使天性完美，而经验又能使学问完善：因为天生的才能犹如野生植物，需要用学问加以修剪；而学问本身若不受经验的限制，则它们所作的指导就太泛泛了。

王：读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接；而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。

6. Crafty men contempt studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation.
东：狡诈的人蔑视学问，愚笨的人羡慕学问，聪明的人运用学问；因为学问并不传授它们自己的用法；这种运用之道是学问之外、并超乎学问之上的一种才智，只有通过观察才能获得。

王：有一技之长者鄙读书，无知者慕读书，唯明智之士用读书，然书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。

7. Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider.
东：读书不是为了闲谈和演说，而是为了权衡和思考。

王：读书时不可存心诘难作者，不可尽信书上所言，亦不可只为寻章摘句，而应推敲细思。

8. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention.
东：有些书可供品尝，有些书可以吞食，还有少数的一些书则应当咀嚼消化。

那就是说，有些书只要读其中的一部分就行了；有些书虽然可以全读，但不必过细；还有少数的一些书则应当通读、精读、勤读。

王：书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。

换言之，有只须读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。

9. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books; else distilled books are, like common distilled waters, flashy things.
东：有些书还可以请人代读，由别人替你作出摘录；但那只限于一些
不太重要的议论，以及那种比较平庸的书籍；否则，经过删节的书就会像蒸馏水一样乏味。

王：书亦可请人代读，取其所作摘要，但只限题材较次或价值不高者，否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏，淡而无味矣。

10. Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.
东：读书能使人充实；谈话能使人机敏；写作能使人精确。

王：读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。

11. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit; and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know that he doth not.
东：所以，如果一个人很少写东西，那么他就必须有很好的记忆力；如果他很少与人谈话，那么他必须有很灵敏的头脑；如果他很少看书，那么他必须非常狡猾，才可以不懂装懂。

王：因此不常作笔记者须记忆力特强，不常讨论者须天生聪颖，不常读书者须欺世有术，始能无知而显有知。

12. Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores.
东：历史能使人聪慧；诗歌能使人灵秀；数学能使人精细；自然哲学能使人深沉；伦理学能使人庄重；逻辑和修辞学能使人善辩。

“学问能陶冶人的性格。

”
王：读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩：凡有所学，皆成性格。

13. Nay there is no stond or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies: like as diseases of the body may have appropriate exercises.
东：不仅如此，凡精神上的各种障碍无不可由适当的学问加以消除，有如身体上的各种疾病无不可由相宜的运动予以矫治。

王：人之才智但有滞碍，无不可读适当之书使之顺畅，一如身体百病，皆可借相宜之运动除之。

14. Bowling is good for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like. 东：滚球有益于睾肾，射箭有益于胸肺，慢步有益于肠胃，骑马有益于头脑，等等。

王：滚球利睾肾，射箭利胸肺，慢步利肠胃，骑马利头脑，诸如此类。

15. So if a man’s wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again.
东：所以，如果一个人精力不集中，那就可以叫他研究数学，因为在演算的过程中精力稍不集中就会出错，还得从头算起。

王：如智力不集中，可令读数学，盖演题须全神贯注，稍有分散即须重演。

16. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study
the schoolmen; for they are cymini sectores.
东：如果一个人不善于辨别差异，那就可以叫他研究经院哲学家的著作，因为他们都是条分缕析、细致入微的人。

王：如不能辩异，可令读经院哲学，盖是辈皆吹毛求疵之人。

17. If he be not at to beat over matters, and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyers’ cases.
东：如果一个人不善于调查问题，不善于用一件事情证明和阐释另一件事情，那就可以叫他研究律师的案卷。

王：如不善求同，不善以一物阐证另一物，可另读律师之案卷。

18. So every defect of the mind may have a special receipt.
东：所以，各种心智上的缺陷都有一种专门的补救办法。

王：如此头脑中凡有缺陷，皆有特药可医。