中考第二轮复习——语法专项(形容词和副词)

【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：①Susan often goes swimming in summer when it’s warm and （晴朗的）.②The old woman looked （着急的）because she couldn’t find her purse.③George was frightened to see a snake in the grass. His face turned .A. paleB. cleanC. sadlyD. happily④The dish smells and you’d better throw it away.A. goodB. wellC. badD. badly三）作宾语补足语You should keep your room clean every day.（二）-ing形式与-ed形式形容词辨析-ed形容词多形容人的情绪或感受，主语一般是人。

-ing形容词多形容客观事物外在体现的性质，主语或被修饰的词一般是物。

【走近中考】Nancy doesn’t enjoy her job anymore. She’s because every day she does exactly the same thing.A. relaxingB. relaxedC. boringD. bored（三）形容词的比较级与最高级副词（一）副词在句中的作用修饰动词作状语He works hard.He walked quietly into his bedroom.（二）副词的位置多数副词都可以放在动词的后面，如果是及物动词，一般就放在宾语后面。

He is jumping happily.The boy is doing his homework carefully.地点副词、时间副词和方式副词一般放在句尾。

They live here.I’ll meet him at the station tomorrow. / Tomorrow I’ll meet him at the station.The boy runs quickly.They did their experiments carefully in the lab yesterday.频率副词在句中的位置在be动词、情态动词、助动词之后，行为动词之前。

She is always kind to us.I can never forget the day.The work has never been done.He often goes to school early.修饰全句的副词一般位于句首，用来修饰整个句子，表示说话人对话语的态度。

Luckily, she was in when I called.enough 修饰形容词、副词时的位置enough要放在所修饰词的后面The room is big enough to hold fifty people.He runs fast enough.【走近中考】Don’t worry. He is to look after little Betty.A. carefully enoughB. enough carefulC. careful enoughD. enough carefully（三）副词的比较级与最高级形容词和副词的比较⑴从在句中的作用看：形容词在句中修饰名词和代词，说明其性质和特征。

副词在句中修饰动词、形容词和副词，有时还可修饰整个句子，表示时间、地点、状态、程度等。

⑵从构词方式看：名词→形容词The bright room is mine.I’ve something/nothing important to tell you.副词的位置地点、时间和方式副词一般放在句尾。

频率副词放在be动词、情态动词和助动词之后，行为动词之前。

He usually spells words carelessly. But he spelt very carefully yesterday.⑷从句中的谓语动词看：如果谓语动词是系动词，则后面的表语一定要用形容词而不能用副词。

The child seems healthy.She dances well.I did well on the exam and got a good grade.【走近中考】①Hand-foot-mouth disease is terrible, but I believe that we Chinese can beat it （成功地）.②Nancy is patient and she doesn’t give up (easy).—It happened six o’clock the afternoon of last Monday.A. at; inB. in; onC. about; atD. at; on注意：在this, that, last, next, every等词的前面不能再加介词。

this morning, last Friday, next Sunday, every Monday/week/year…before 在……之前；after在……之后；by截止到……/by the end of/ by then；until/till 直到……为止；for + 一段时间可以和一般现在时、过去时、将来时连用，但经常和完成时连用。

He has lived in Beijing for 20 years. We have to stay here for an hour.during 在……期间They are going to have a good rest during the summer holidays.from…to… 从……起The meeting will begin from eight to ten.since 自从……以来（表示从以前某时刻一直到现在仍在继续）I have been sick since yesterday.in过……后（未来时间）between, among, aroundbetween在两者之间My teacher is sitting between Tom and Mike. What’s the difference between A and B? among在三者或更多者之中There is a house among the trees. He is very popular among the students.around环绕，在……周围，在……四周We sat around the table. The earth moves around the sun.【走近中考】①—What do you often do classes to relax yourself?—Listen to music.A. overB. amongC. betweenD. through②Our English teacher was standing us so that she could hear us all clearly.A. away fromB. far behindC. betweenD. amongin front of, in the front of, behind, across fromin front of 在……的前面There is a tree in front of the classroom.in表示用什么材料（如墨水、铅笔等），或用什么语言，或者表示所穿衣着。

Don’t write it in pencil but in ink.Can you speak in English?She is in red today.by通过……方法/手段He goes to school by bus.I study English by listening to tapes.without, like, aswithout没有I can’t finish the work without your help.like像……一样Mary is just like her mother.look like强调外表Mary looks like her mother.as作为He is famous as a basketball player. They treated me as a hero. The room is dirty as usual.against, aboutagainst反对；靠着上花费；get on上车；on the other hand另一方面常与of连用的介词短语：be made of由……制成（可看出原材料）；take care of照料；look out of朝外看；hear of 听说；instead of 代替……；think of认为、考虑；all kinds of各种各样；be afraid/terrified of 害怕……；be proud of为……而骄傲常与from连用的介词短语be made from由……制成（看不出原材料）；come/be from来自……；hear from收到……的来信；be different from与……不同；borrow… from…从……借来……常与for连用的介词短语wait for等候；pay for为……付款；leave for离开去……；ask for请求，ask sb. for sth.向……要……；thanks for为……而感谢……；look for寻找；for example例如；be late for 迟到；get ready for为……做准备；be famous for以……而出名；for a while一会儿；as for 至于，关于常与to连用的介词短语to one’s surprise使某人惊讶的是……；to one’s joy使某人高兴的是……；according to4. 由“many a, more than one +单数名词”作主语时，尽管意义上表示复数，但谓语动词仍采用单数形式。

例如：There is more than one answer to your question.5. 由and连接的两个不同的单数名词或代词作主语时，表示不同概念时，谓语动词用复数；而表示同一概念时，谓语动词用单数。