大学英语语法2——宾语补语

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大学英语语法2——宾语补语

大学英语语法2——宾语补语
that many combinations are possible, and there's no single correct one.
1. The man handed a photo of a girl. The photo was to me. He did that silently. The man was old. The girl was pretty.
• The old man caught a big fish. • Her husband frequently beat her. • My uncle eventually gave up smoking.
Sometimes action verbs have two different objects: direct object and indirect object. Direct object is the receiver of the action while an indirect object is the receiver of the direct object. For instance:
or other nominal as the subject of the sentence and an intransitive verb or verb phrase as the predicate. • Dead dog don’t bite. • Money talks.
Structure 2: S-IV-C • The words acting as a predicative may be a prepositional
He proudly became a boss of a book-store for the first time in his life.

大学英语语法2——宾语补语

大学英语语法2——宾语补语

Object and complement
Generally, verbs can be put into two: linking verbs and action verbs. Both of them require a word to complete their meaning. We can call such a word complement. The complement of a linking verb is called a predicative or a subject complement, whic example:
• Harry bought his son a new school-bag.
Usually, a preposition “to” or “for” can be put in front of the indirect object. For example,
• 1. The old man left his daughter a large house. (The old man left a large house for his daughter.)
The old man silently handed a photo of a pretty girl to me.
2. It was the first time in his life. He became a boss. He was proud. He owned a book-store.
College English Grammar:
Grammar and Writing
Unit 2
Basic parts of a sentence (II)

语法之宾语补语解析

语法之宾语补语解析

语法之宾语补语解析宾语补语是指在英语句子中用来补充宾语信息的成分。

宾语补语可以使句子更加完整,进一步描述或解释宾语。

在本文中,我们将详细解析宾语补语的种类和用法。

一、名词性宾语补语名词性宾语补语是由名词、代词、动名词、不定式或从句等构成的,用来补充宾语的信息。

以下是常见的名词性宾语补语:1. 名词补语:通常是指代或说明宾语的词或词组。

例如:- He considers himself a genius.(他认为自己是一个天才。

)- I find the idea fascinating.(我发现这个想法很迷人。

)2. 代词补语:通常是用来代替宾语或指代宾语的事物。

例如:- They elected him their leader.(他们选他当他们的领导。

)- We consider them friends.(我们把他们当作朋友。

)3. 动名词补语:通常是由动名词构成的短语,用来补充宾语的动作或状态。

例如:- I enjoy swimming.(我喜欢游泳。

)- They admitted cheating in the test.(他们承认考试作弊。

)4. 不定式补语:通常是由不定式构成的短语,用来补充宾语的动作或目的。

例如:- She wants to become a doctor.(她想成为一名医生。

)- They need somebody to help them.(他们需要有人帮助他们。

)二、形容词性宾语补语形容词性宾语补语用来补充宾语的特征或状态。

常见的形容词性宾语补语有以下几种情况:1. 形容词补语:通常是用来描述宾语的特征或状态。

例如:- They painted the room red.(他们把房间涂成红色。

)- I consider him reliable.(我认为他可靠。

)2. 介词短语:通常是由介词和名词构成的短语,用来描述宾语的位置、方向等。

例如:- She found the book on the table.(她在桌子上找到了这本书。

英语中的宾语补足语和双宾语

英语中的宾语补足语和双宾语

英语中的宾语补足语和双宾语整理人:计算机学院张学龙马文书一、何谓宾语补足语在英语语言中,一些及物动词后面除了跟宾语外,还需要有一个宾语补足语来对宾语进行补充说明,使其意义更加完整清楚。

宾语与宾语补足语合起来称作复合宾语。

能跟复合宾语的常见动词有:want(想要),ask(请求要求),tell(告诉),see(看见),hear(听见),find(发现),call (称呼),let(让),make(使),get(使),have(使),consider(认为)等。

二、动词宾语补足语的几种情况1.形容词或形容词短语充当宾语补足语。

如:He found the bird dead.他发现那只鸟死了。

2.现在分词或现在分词短语充当宾语补足语。

如:Add some more coal to keep the fire going.再添些煤,别让火灭了。

什么是双宾语?什么是复合宾语?1.英语中,有些及物动词可以接两个宾语,即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语,这两个宾语称为"双宾语"。

句子结构为:"主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语"。

如:My parents bought me a computer.我父母给我买了一台电脑。

2、英语中有些及物动词接了宾语之后还需接宾语补足语来补充说明宾语的有关情况,否则句子意思就不完整。

宾语和宾语补足语合称为"复合宾语"。

句子结构为:"主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语"。

-ing形式、动词不定式、介词短语等。

如:He made us laugh.他使我们哈哈大笑。

1、间接宾语可以改为由介词to或for引起的短语,放在直接宾语后面。

如:He gave her some chips. = He gave some chips to her.2、以下几种情况通常要用介词to或for引起的短语:1)当直接宾语是人称代词(it/them)时。

宾语补语的句型英语基础语法

宾语补语的句型英语基础语法

宾语补语的句型了解主语补语的句型后,宾语补语的句型就容易了解了。

主语补语的句型((S+V+C),是用补语告诉读者主语是什么,中间用“是”为动词串联起来。

“主语+动词+宾语+补语(S+V+O+C)”的句型,则是用补语告诉读者宾语是什么,中间暗示有一个“是”的关系存在。

请看看下面这些宾语补语的例子:●I find the dress pretty.(我觉得这衣服很漂亮。

)●The meat made the dog friendly.(肉让狗变得很友善。

)●They consider his demands reasonable.(他们认为他的要求是合理的。

)●He found the trip exciting.(他觉得这次旅行很刺激。

)●The food made me sick.(这种食物使我想吐。

)●I don't find the drug bitter.(我并不觉得药很苦。

)●I consider the story false.(我认为故事是捏造的。

)●His college training made him a teacher. (他的大学教育使他成为一名教师。

)●Most people consider a nurse a good wife.(大多数的人认为护士会是称职的太太。

)就拿其中第一个例子I find the dress pretty. 来看,宾语the dress 和补语pretty 之间虽然没有“是”字,可是带有这种暗示存在。

如果加个be动词进去,就变成刚才介绍主语补语的例子The dress is pretty. 上面所有宾语补语的例子都可以用同样的方法变成主语补语的句子。

其实这也就是检验S+V+0+C句型最简便的方法:●把宾语和补语拿出来,中间加be动词,看看能不能改成S+V+C。

英语中的宾语补语

英语中的宾语补语

英语中的宾语补语
以下是一些关于宾语补语的例子:
1. 形容词作宾语补语:We consider him honest.(我们认为他诚实。

)在这个句子中,“honest”是宾语“him”的补语,用于补充说明“him”的性质。

2. 名词作宾语补语:They named the baby Tom.(他们给婴儿取名为汤姆。

)在这个句子中,“Tom”是宾语“the baby”的补语,用于补充说明“the baby”的名字。

3. 介词短语作宾语补语:She put the book on the table.(她把书放在桌子上。

)在这个句子中,“on the table”是宾语“the book”的补语,用于补充说明“the book”的位置。

4. 动词的过去分词作宾语补语:I saw him get on the bus.(我看到他上了公共汽车。

)在这个句子中,“get on the bus”是宾语“him”的补语,用于补充说明“him”的行为。

5. 动词的现在分词作宾语补语:I heard her singing in the room.(我听到她在房间里唱歌。

)在这个句子中,“singing in the room”是宾语“her”的补语,用于补充说明“her”正在进行的动作。

总的来说,宾语补语在句子中起到了补充说明宾语的作用,使句子的意思更加完整和明确。

举例说明如何辨认宾语和补语

举例说明如何辨认宾语和补语

举例说明辨认宾语和补语
---------------------------------------------------------------------- 宾语和补语是语法中常见的语法成分,下面我将举例说明如何辨认宾语和补语:
1、宾语:
例句1:我喜欢吃苹果。

在这个句子中,"吃苹果"是动作的承受者,完整的动作是"喜欢吃",其中"吃"是动词,"苹果"是接受动作的对象,因此"苹果"是宾语。

例句2:他买了一本书。

在这个句子中,"买了一本书"是动作的结果,"买了"是动词,"一本书"是买的对象,因此"一本书"是宾语。

2、补语:
例句1:她是一位医生。

在这个句子中,"是"是系动词,连接主语"她"和补语"一位医生",补语是对主语的描述或说明,因此"一位医生"是补语。

例句2:他们把屋子装修得漂亮。

在这个句子中,"装修得漂亮"是
动作的结果,"装修得"是动词短语,"漂亮"是对动词"装修"的描述,因此"漂亮"是补语。

需要注意的是,宾语通常是动作的承受者或动作的对象,而补语则是对主语或宾语进行描述或补充信息的成分。

识别宾语和补语可通过分析句子的结构和意义关系来进行判断。

语法中的宾语补语的种类和用法

语法中的宾语补语的种类和用法

语法中的宾语补语的种类和用法宾语补语是指在句子中作为宾语的补充说明,通过补充说明宾语的特性、状态、属性或者补充说明主语的特性、状态等来充实句子的语义。

宾语补语在中文和英文中都存在,但是在不同语言中,宾语补语的种类和用法也存在差异。

在英文中,宾语补语的种类主要包括名词性补语、形容词性补语、副词性补语和介词性补语等。

下面将逐一介绍这些补语的用法和形式。

1. 名词性补语名词性补语通常由名词、代词或动词不定式充当,用于补充说明宾语的身份、状态、特性等。

名词性补语一般与系动词(be动词、感官动词、变化动词等)和使役动词(make, let, have等)搭配使用。

例子:- He is a doctor. (他是一名医生。

)- They made him the captain. (他们任命他为队长。

)在中文中,名词性补语的种类和用法与英文类似,只是表达方式上可能存在差异。

2. 形容词性补语形容词性补语用于补充说明宾语的性质、状态或特征。

形容词性补语一般由形容词来充当,通常与感官动词、变化动词或使役动词搭配使用。

例子:- She found the movie interesting. (她觉得这部电影很有趣。

)- We painted the wall blue. (我们把墙涂成了蓝色。

)3. 副词性补语副词性补语用于补充说明宾语的程度、方式、地点等。

副词性补语通常由副词或介词短语来充当,用于补充说明宾语的特性。

例子:- We drove the car slowly. (我们慢慢地开车。

)- She cooked the meal in the kitchen. (她在厨房里做饭。

)4. 介词性补语介词性补语用于补充说明宾语的位置、方向或地点等。

介词性补语通常由介词短语来充当,用于补充说明宾语的特性。

例子:- The cat climbed onto the tree. (猫爬上了树。

)- We put the books on the table. (我们把书放在桌子上。

七种补语的具体内容及用法

七种补语的具体内容及用法

七种补语的具体内容及用法补语是修饰主语、宾语、或连接主宾与谓语的成分,用于补充说明句子的意思。

在语法上,补语主要有七种类型:表语(Predicate Nominative):* 表语是连接动词与名词或形容词的成分,通常出现在系动词后,用于对主语进行进一步说明。

例如:“He is a teacher.”中的"a teacher" 就是表语。

宾语补足语(Object Complement):* 宾语补足语是对直接宾语进行进一步说明的成分。

例如:“They named the baby Tom.”中的"Tom" 就是宾语补足语。

主语补足语(Subject Complement):* 主语补足语是对主语进行进一步说明的成分。

通常出现在连系动词后。

例如:“She seems happy.”中的"happy" 就是主语补足语。

同位语(Appositive):* 同位语是对名词或代词进行进一步解释的成分。

例如:“My friend, a doctor, is visiting.”中的"a doctor" 就是同位语。

状语从句(Adverbial Clause):* 状语从句是一个完整的句子,用于对动词进行进一步说明,通常以连词引导。

例如:“After the rain, we went outside.”中的"After the rain" 就是状语从句。

定语从句(Relative Clause):* 定语从句用于对名词进行进一步说明,通常以关系代词引导。

例如:“The book that I bought is interesting.”中的"that I bought" 就是定语从句。

形容词性补语(Adjective Complement):* 形容词性补语是对宾语或主语中的名词进行进一步说明的形容词。

英语宾语和补语的区别

英语宾语和补语的区别

英语宾语和补语的区别
英语中的宾语和补语在句子中扮演不同的角色,具有以下区别:
1. 定义:宾语是动作的承受者,是动作所涉及的对象。

补语则是对句中主语或宾语进行补充说明的成分。

2. 语义:宾语回答“什么”的问题,表示动作的对象或承受者。

补语回答“怎么样”的问题,表示动作的结果、程度、趋向、可能、状态、数量等。

3. 短语作宾语时,述语和宾语之间不能出现结构助词“得”,而短语作补语时,述语和补语之间必须出现结构助词“得”。

4. 位置:宾语通常出现在动词后面,直接参与动作或受到动作的影响。

补语则出现在动词或形容词后面,对主语或宾语进行补充说明。

例如:
· 宾语:Mary is reading a book.(玛丽正在读一本书。

)宾语“a book”是动作“reading”的对象。

· 补语:The book is interesting.(这本书很有趣。

)补语“interesting”对主语“the book”进行补充说明。

综上所述,英语中的宾语和补语在句子中发挥不同的作用,需要根据语境进行区分和使用。

语法复习---宾语补语

语法复习---宾语补语

语法复习---宾语补语语法复习---宾语补语[重点难点]:1 什么词或词组可以做宾补。

2 如何应用宾语补语。

[知识梳理]:句型:Verb + object + complement所谓宾补,就是宾语之后的一个词、词组、或从句对宾语提供更完善的信息作为补充,所以叫做宾补。

要找出宾补,首先要找出宾语。

如:We made him our monitor.The leader made him director of Pompeii dig.可以充当宾补的词、词组有哪些呢?1. A noun or noun phrases can be used as an object complement.(名词)They called him Professor Wang.I lend him a comic book/ an old bike.2. An adjective or adjective phrases can be used as object complement.(形容词)Drive sb crazyThe teacher asked us to leave the door open.We find this advertisement very interesting and useful.3. A to-infinitive or a bare infinitive can be used as an object complement (不定式)Teachers must forbid middle school students to smoke.We consider him to be an honest boy.We believe him to be right.Mother asked him to throw away the rubbish.Why did you make him stay in the classroom a bit late?The Maths teacher had him do the exercises again.Don’t let things happen again.Let’s have a party tonight.Let them set off at once.4. A Preposition or a Prepositional phrase can be used as an object complement (介词及其短语)When we wake up in the morning, we find ourselves on the bed.5. An adverb can be used as an object complement (副词)I opened the door to let him in.You can turn the radio on. He had his new shoes on.Bring him in Hand your exercises in6. v-ed or v-ing phrase can be used as an object complement (分词)The teacher kept the girl waiting for her.7. as 短语can be used as an object complementWe regard him as a hero. Consider …… as Treat ……as8. 从句we’re making our school what your school look like.9. 特殊We’re having a class, with a light on.注意:宾补的数要与宾语保持一致。

宾语补主语

宾语补主语

宾语补足语一、定义:宾语补足语通常紧跟在宾语之后,对宾语进行补充说明。

二、句子结构是:主+谓+宾+宾补三、两种结构:1.主表型:1) make our country beautiful (adjective)2) call him Lao Li (noun)3) find sb. out (adv.)4) find sb. at home (Prep. phrase)2. 主谓型:1) ask sb. to do sth.(有to 不定式)2) have sb. do sth. (无to 不定式)3) see sb. doing sth. (现在分词)4) have sth. done. (过去分词)四、什么动词后可有宾语补足语:1. 在表示心理状态的动词后作宾语补足语。

这类动词有:consider, think, believe, discover, find, imagine, judge, suppose, prove等。

这类动词后的不定式通常是"to be+形容词或名词"结构,think, consider, find后的to be常可省略。

We consider him (to be) a good teacher.我们认为他是一个好老师。

He proved that theory (to be) very important.他证明那个理论是很重要的。

I thought her (to be) nice and honest the first time I met her。

2. 在表示情感状态的动词后作宾语补足语。

这类动词有:love, like, prefer, hate, want, wish, expect等。

I'd prefer you to leave him alone.我希望你不要打扰他。

I don't want there to be any trouble.我不想有任何麻烦。

宾语补足语和主语补足语

宾语补足语和主语补足语

4. The book was thrown into a dustbin. 那本书曾被扔进 垃圾箱。into a dustben 是主补。 5. The boy was made to work hard 10 hours a day. 那 男孩曾被迫一天干 10 小时的重活。to work hard 是主补。 6. The water was kept boiling for ten minutes. 水被保持 沸腾 10 分钟。boiling 是主补。 7. The cup was found broken. 茶杯被发现已打破了。 broken 是主补。
2.由-ing 形式或过去分词充当。 1).当宾语补足语的动作由作宾语的名词或代词发出时,宾语 补足语用-ing 形式。 eg. He could hear his heart beating fast. 他可以听见自己的心脏跳得很快。 Do you smell something buring? 你闻到烧焦的气味了 吗?
2).当宾语是宾语补足语发出的动作对象时,宾语补足语用过 去分词形式。 eg.
You'd better have the desk painted.你最好请人把课 桌漆一下。 I've never heard the song sung.我从未听见那首歌被 人唱过。
3.由名词充当。 某些动词 call, name, make, elect, think, find, consider, appoint 后接名词或代词作其语,再接名词作宾 语补足语,补充说明宾语的身份。 eg. He made her secretary.他挑选她当秘书。 Her parents died, leaving her an orphan. 她父母双亡,使她成了孤儿。 They considered Paris the brain and heart of the country. 他们把巴黎看作国家的大脑和心脏。

宾语和补语

宾语和补语

宾语和补语
宾语和补语是语法中的两个重要概念。

宾语是指动词所作用的对象,可以是人、物或概念等。

在一个简单句中,宾语通常出现在动词之后。

例如:我看见了一只小猫。

这里,“一只小猫”就是宾语。

补语则是对主语或宾语的补充说明,使句子更加完整。

补语通常出现在动词后面,作为动词的补充说明。

补语可以是形容词、副词、名词、介词短语等。

例如:她昨天感到很累。

这里,“很累”就是补语,用来描述她的感受。

宾语和补语在句子中起到不同的作用,但是它们都是必不可少的成分。

只有正确使用宾语和补语才能使句子更加准确、完整,表达出我们所要表达的意思。

- 1 -。

宾语补足语用法归纳

宾语补足语用法归纳

discover, find, keep, leave, show等。
The old men kept the children
amused with his stories.
老汉讲的故事使孩子们听的津津有味。 They covered him with a blanket only leaving his eyes exposed. 他们给他盖上毯子,只把他的眼睛露出。
9
宾语补足语
5.句式【Vt.+宾语+动词不定式的完成式】,常用于
此结构的动词是表示思维活动的动词,如:
believe, consider, imagine, think, know,
suppose, understand等。
We believe him to have gone abroad.
我们相信他已经出国了。 She thought you to have written to me. 她认为你已经给我写信了。
10
宾语补足语
▲现在分词可以在某些动词后面的复合宾语中做宾语 补足语,宾语为现在分词的逻辑主语。常用句式为: 【主语+Vt.+宾语+动名词(V - ing)】,现在分词作 宾语补足语时,有以下几种情况: 1.在某些感官动词后面,如:fell, hear, notice, observe, see, smell, watch, listen to, look at等, 表示宾语正在进行的动作或状态。 She could fell the tears coming. 她感到眼泪流了出来。
宾语补足语
3.表示某些意愿的动词,如:
desire, intend, mean, want, wish等。

(完整版)英语宾语补足语用法详解

(完整版)英语宾语补足语用法详解

Contents英语宾语补足语用法详解 (2)一、概念 (2)二、何时用现在分词、何时用过去分词作主语(宾语)补足语 (2)三、可以用分词作主语或宾语补足语的动词 (3)典例精析: (4)英语宾语补足语用法详解一、概念分词作主语补足语和宾语补足语其实是同一成分用于两种不同的句式中。

具体地说,主动态句子中的宾语补足语就是被动态句子中的主语补足语。

先了解宾语补足语,则很容易了解主语补足语。

宾语补足语:在英语中,某些及物动词不仅需要宾语,而且还要求某个词或词组来补充说明宾语,即表示宾语代表的人或物所发出的动作或所处的状态,这个词或短语称为宾语补足语。

有些语法书把宾语和补足语称为复合宾语。

句型:及物动词+宾语(n./pron.)+宾语补足语(n./adj./adv./to do/-ing/-ed/介词短语共7种表示法)该句型若变成被动语态,即将宾语提到句首作主语,原主动语态中的宾语补足语此时在被动语态中起到补充说明主语的作用,所以改称主语补足语。

例如:A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen.此句中smoking是主语he的补足语,所以称为主语补足语。

二、何时用现在分词、何时用过去分词作主语(宾语)补足语分词作主语(宾语)补足语时,若主语(宾语)与分词之间是主动关系,则用现在分词表示主动;如果主语(宾语)与分词之间是被动关系,则用过去分词表示被动。

例如:He was heard singing in the next room.He was singing.主语he与补足语“唱歌”之间是主动关系,故用现在分词singing。

One of the glasses was found broken.One of the glasses was broken.主语one of the glasses与补足语“打破”之间是被动关系,故用过去分词broken。

举例说明如何辨认宾语和补语

举例说明如何辨认宾语和补语

举例说明如何辨认宾语和补语宾语和补语是语法中的两个重要概念,它们在句子中起到不同的作用。

下面我将通过具体的例子来说明如何辨认宾语和补语。

1. 宾语:宾语是动词的直接承受者,它回答了“谁”或“什么”的问题。

下面是一些例子:例句1:她喜欢吃水果。

在这个句子中,“吃”是动词,“水果”是宾语,回答了“她喜欢吃什么”的问题。

例句2:我们今天要学习语法。

在这个句子中,“学习”是动词,“语法”是宾语,回答了“我们今天要学习什么”的问题。

例句3:他买了一本新书。

在这个句子中,“买”是动词,“一本新书”是宾语,回答了“他买了什么”的问题。

2. 补语:补语是用来补充说明主语或宾语的成分,它可以是名词、形容词、副词或介词短语等。

下面是一些例子:例句4:他是一位医生。

在这个句子中,“是”是连系动词,“一位医生”是补语,补充说明了主语“他”的身份。

例句5:她觉得这个问题很难。

在这个句子中,“觉得”是感官动词,“很难”是补语,补充说明了宾语“这个问题”的特点。

例句6:他把房子装修得很漂亮。

在这个句子中,“装修”是使役动词,“得很漂亮”是补语,补充说明了宾语“房子”的状态。

3. 区分宾语和补语:有时候,宾语和补语在句子中很容易混淆,但它们的区别在于它们与动词的关系。

宾语与动词直接相关,而补语则是通过动词与主语或宾语相关。

例句7:他使我生气了。

在这个句子中,“使”是使役动词,“我”是宾语,“生气了”是补语,补充说明了宾语“我”的状态。

例句8:她看起来很累。

在这个句子中,“看起来”是系动词,“很累”是补语,补充说明了主语“她”的状态。

例句9:他把书翻到最后一页。

在这个句子中,“把”是使役动词,“书”是宾语,“翻到最后一页”是补语,补充说明了宾语“书”的状态。

总结:通过以上的例子,我们可以看出,宾语和补语在句子中的作用不同。

宾语是动词的直接承受者,回答了“谁”或“什么”的问题;而补语是用来补充说明主语或宾语的成分,可以是名词、形容词、副词或介词短语等。

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1. The man handed a photo of a girl. The photo was to me. He did that silently. The man was old. The girl was pretty. The old man silently handed a photo of a pretty girl to me. 2. It was the first time in his life. He became a boss. He was proud. He owned a book-store. He proudly became a boss of a book-store for the first time in his life.
1. The train will arrive next morning. 2. He carefully drove his car to the station. 3. Very soon, she knew the full story.
Exercises 1: Combine the sentences in each set into a single clear sentence. Omit words that are needlessly repeated, but don't leave out any important details. Keep in mind that many combinations are possible, and there's no single correct one.
Structure 3: S-P-O The verb acting as a predicate in the S-P-O sentence structure is a transitive verb, which may take a direct object or both a direct object and an indirect object. • Poverty tries friends. • The Liberian handed me a Spanish dictionary. Structure 4: S-P-O-A The words acting as an adverbial can be adverbs, prepositional phrases, or adverbial clauses, providing information about time, place, manner, and reasons. • You never miss the water till the well runs dry. • No man can make a good coat with bad cloth. Structure 5: S-P-O -OC Different from an indirect object which is the receiver of the direct object, an object complement is to complete the meaning of the direct object. The words acting as an object complement can be nouns, adjectives or prepositional phrases. • The villagers found their bedrooms ankle-deep in water. • The friendly mood makes us comfortable.
4.
I was being tested. The test was for a driving license. It was the third time. I was being tested for a driving licence for the third time.
• 2. Jim presented his girl friend a bunch of flowers. (Jim presented a bunch of flowers to his girl friend.)
Adverbials indicates time, place, manner, and reasons. They answer questions such as when, where, how and why. Adverbials can be adverbs, prepositional phrases, or adverbial clauses. As a rule, a long adverbial are placed at the end of a sentence, while short adverbials are flexible to locate: at the beginning, in the middle or at the end may be all right. For instance
Basic sentence structures
Structure 1: S-P • The S-P sentence structure is made up of a noun, pronoun, or other nominal as the subject of the sentence and an intransitive verb or verb phrase as the predicate. • Dead dog don’t bite. • Money talks. Structure 2: S-IV-C • The words acting as a predicative may be a prepositional phrase to show the place of the subject, or a noun to identify or rename the subject, or an adjective to indicate the state of the subject. • Speech is the picture of mind. • The firemen are inside the building.
Exercises 2: Combine the sentences
1. I felt pleased with my bargain My pleasure was especial. My bargain was wonderful. I felt especially pleased with my wonderful bargain. 2. People find this sort of joke. These people are foreign. This sort of joke are distasteful. Foreign people find this sort of joke distasteful. 3. Advertising exerts an influence. The influence is subtle. The influence is on children. Advertising exerts a subtle influence on children.
• Harry bought his son a new school-bag.
Usually, a preposition “to” or “for” can be put in front of the indirect object. For example, • 1. The old man left his daughter a large house. (The old man left a large house for his daughter.)
Object and complement
Generally, verbs can be put into two: linking verbs and action verbs. Both of them require a word to complete their meaning. We can call such a word complement. The complement of a linking verb is called a predicative or a subject complement, which describes or renames the subject. For example:
• The old man caught a big fish. • Her husband frequently beat her. • My uncle eventually gave up smoking.
Sometimes action verbs have two different objects: direct object and indirect object. Direct object is the receiver of the action while an indirect object is the receiver of the direct object. For instance:
3. We have moved into a house. We did that recently The house was new. It had single-storied. We have moved into a new single-storied house recently. 4. It occurred a short while ago. My brother helped me. We carried a bookcase up the stairs short while ago, my brother helped me carry a very heavy bookcase up the stairs.
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