高考英语第一轮复习语法专攻：名词和冠词
高考英语一轮语法知识 名词和冠词
专题一 名词和冠词（一）名词1.可数名词单数变复数的规则(1)一般在名词词尾直接加 s 。
friend 朋友→friendsnation国家→nations(2) 词尾是 s ，x ，ch ，sh 时一般加es 。
知识点一 名词的数interest 兴趣→interests change 变化→changesmember 成员→members painting 油画→paintings bus 公共汽车→buses fox 狐狸→foxes coach 教练→coaches bush 灌木丛→bushes 注意：stomach(胃部)等词的复数形式是在词尾直接加 s 。
(3) 词尾是辅音字母＋y 时，变 y 为 i 再加 es 。
enemy 敌人→enemies hobby 业余爱好→hobbies difficulty 困难→difficulties 词尾是元音字母＋y 时，直接加 s 。
guy 家伙→guys key 钥匙→keys(4) 词尾是f 或fe 时，多将 f 或fe 变为 ves 。
shelf 架子→shelves knife 刀子→knives wolf 狼→wolves calf 牛犊→calves housewife 家庭主妇→housewives(5) 词尾是 o 的名词，有些直接加s ，有些加 es 。
piano 钢琴→pianos photo 相片→photos zoo 动物园→zoos bamboo 竹子→bamboos tomato 番茄→tomatoes potato 土豆→potatoes 实录：名词可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、补语、定语、状语、同位语以及称呼语，但不能作谓语。
1818 专题一名词和冠词第1 页（共8 页）小学数学资料群：271730239，小学奥数群：221739457，中考数学群：579251397，初中奥数学生群:253736211，初中奥数教练群112464128，中考物理群：227284641，初中物理竞赛群：271751304，中考化学名词单数变复数，直接加-s 占多数；s，x，z，ch，sh 来结尾，直接加上-es；词尾是f 或fe，加-s 之前先变ve；辅母＋y 在词尾，把y 变i 再加-es；词尾字母若是o，常用三个已足够，要加-es 请记好，hero, tomato, potato。
人教高三英语一轮复习课件高考语法通关(1)名词与冠词
高考语法通关一、名词与冠词■ (_)名词//////^ 钢解 ^//////■名词是中学英语语法的重要内容之一，也是咼考重要考点。
在咼考试卷中，单项填空、完型填空、短文改错语篇中的名词词义理解及单词拼写等方面题型都设置对名词的考查。
■研究近年来高考题我们不难看出，名词部分主要考察名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配、名词的数（可数与不可数、单数与复数）、名词的所有格、抽象名词的具体化、物质名词的量化、名词和冠词的搭配以及主谓一致等。
//////^ 点扫 ^//////■考点一抽象名词具体化• 1.具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的人或事，表示变化了的词义时，这一抽象名词可作为可数名词。
■(l)difficulty 困难；a difficulty 一件难事■(2)experience 经验；an experience 一次经历■(3)failure 失败；a failure 一位失败者，一件鏗失败的事| |■(4)knowledge 矢口识；a good knowledge对……精通/熟知■(6)surprise惊奇；a surprise 一件令人吃惊的事■(7)honour 荣誉；an honour 一位(件)带来荣誉的人或事■Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。
■The party last night was a success.We sang and danced until it came to an end.■昨晚的晚会很成功，我们唱啊跳啊直到晚会结束。
■Losing the game was a difficult experience for■ 2.有些物质名词可个体化为可数名词■你想喝点咖啡吗?■ I would like a coffee and two beers. ■我想要一杯咖啡和两杯啤酒。
■考点二名词的数■1.单数名词变为复数名词■(1)以0结尾的名词变为复数时，常在词尾加s,但是下列名词要加es,它们是：黑人英雄爱吃土豆、西红柿,即Xegroes, heroes ,potatoes, tomatoes o■(2)以f或fe结尾的名词变为复数时，一般直接加s,但下列以f或fe结尾的名词需把f或fe 变为ves,它们是：为了自己活命,小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和树叶站在架子上把狼劈成两半,即：selves, lives, thieves, wives, knives, leaves, shelves, wolves■ (3)合成名词构成复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一个部分变申复数。
高考语法复习中的名词和冠词
高考语法复习中的名词和冠词一．高考考点剖析：名词的数量及用法可谓纷繁复杂，高考题每年都有对名词的考查。
近几年考卷对该部分的单纯考查在逐渐减少，但有向完型填空和短文改错等题型迁移的特征。
有关名词的考查应蕴涵以下考点：1名词的“数” 2名词的“格”（所有格）3名词做定语的形式4在一定语境中名词的词意辨析5链接语法：主谓一致冠词应着重掌握下列知识点：1、定冠词the、不定冠词a/an以及零冠词的一般用法；2、冠词的习惯用法和特殊用法。
二．知识结构梳理：一）名词名词是表示人，事物，地点或抽象概念的名称的词。
名词专有名词 Mary, Beijing 不可数名词普通名词物质名词 water, sand抽象名词 happiness, success集体名词 family, team可数名词个体名词 book, pen, manI. 名词的数在熟悉名词单数变复数规则的基础上，突出以下几点：1．注意以下名词数的概念1.1. 以s结尾，仍为单数的名词(多为学科名词)，如：physics, linguistics, mathematics, politics, statistics, news , the United States1.2. 抽象名词：表示具体或特定时，前面应有不定冠词a pleasure/pity/surprise/success/failure/shame/an honora bright future, a strong character, a great help, a waste of time, a knowledge of English1.3 总称名词：表示一类事物的总称，不能加smachinery, furniture, equipment, technology, luggage, baggage, homework, evidence1.4单数和复数形式表达不同的意思chicken鸡肉/ chickens小鸡; fish鱼肉/ fishes( fish )各种鱼; paper纸 / papers试卷; water水 / waters水域，room空间/ rooms 房间1.5只有复数形式的名词，如glasses （眼镜）,trousers, clothes，scissors等，注意加单位名词的用法：a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers1.6 形式上虽是单数，但表示的是复数含义people , police, cattle, staff, public, the +adj., the + 分词;（表示一类人）1.7 以复数形式出现，表达复数含义belongings, surroundings, earnings, savings, shoes, socks, goods, thanks, congratulations, funds, pains, arms, troops2.集合名词的数注意主谓一致：看成一个整体时，谓语用单数，若侧重各个成员，则用复数eg: a) The average family is a great deal smaller than it used to be.b) My family are going with me.3. 单复数同形的名词fish, deer, sheep, youth, Chinese, Japanese, means, species, crossroads, series, workseg: How many deer are there in Dafeng now?4 由连字符构成的复合名词的“数”:a)合成名词的复数形式通常只将其中的主体名词变成复数：lookers-on 参观者sons-in-law 女婿editors-in-chief主编shoe-makers 鞋匠b)如果没有主体名词，在最后一个词上加复数词尾：go-betweens 中间人 grown-ups 成人 follow-ups 续集 good-for-nothings 饭桶c) man, woman, gentleman等作定语时定语和被修饰词都变成复数：men workers women teachers gentlemen officials5.不规则名词的“数”:常用改变元音字母或词尾加en的方法构成woman -women, child-children, ox -oxen, tooth -teeth, goose -geese,foot -feet, mouse -mice, phenomenon-phenomena, analysis-analyses,6 .专有名词的“数”史密斯一家人 the Smiths 两个玛丽 two Marys7.非名词类词汇的“数”:缩写，数字，字母的复数常用加’s的方法来构成three a’s; two but’s; in one’s twenties; in the 1980’s(1980s)e.g 1) Nothing is in good order but at sixes and sevens. 乱七八糟2)You mightn’t as well use so many and’s in your conversation.9 固定结构中名词的“数”1) take pains 费劲做… 2) make arrangements 安排3)make preparations准备 4)keep on good terms with 和某人相处融洽5)be in high / low spirits精神高昂的 6)extend thanks to 表达谢意7)by means of 通过…方式 8)give regards of 向某人问好 9) giverespects to尊敬II. 名词所有格英语中有些名词可以加"'s"来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：a teacher's book。
高中英语高考专题一 名词、代词、冠词(课件)
注意:1.fish的“数”
用法 fish作“鱼肉”讲时为不可数名词
图解
fish指“鱼的条数”时,单数和复数同形,即 fish
fish指“鱼的种类”时,其复数形式是fishes
例句 I like to eat fish.我喜欢吃鱼。
There are 2 fish in the fish tank.鱼缸里有两条 鱼。
名词作定语强调“类指”,而名词所有格则表示“特指”
Please don't put the dog's food under the table.请不要把狗食放在桌子 下面。(特指给某一条狗的食物) Dog food costs as much as meals.狗的食品和人的食品一样贵。(指类 别,即供狗食用的食品)
criterion—criteria标准 phenomenon—phenomena现象 crisis—crises危机 thesis—theses论文 bacterium—bacteria细菌
curriculum—curricula/curriculums全部课程 analysis—analyses分析 basis—bases基础 diagnosis—diagnoses诊断 medium—media媒体 datum—data数据
-er -or -ant
-ian -an -ity -ty -ance -ence -ancy -ency -age
-ship -dom
-ure
-ics
表示“……的人”
beginner, carrier, employer, interviewer, receiver, reporter, winner, collector, director, inventor, operator, survivor, assistant, attendant, servant
2022届高考英语一轮总复习专题1名词和冠词课件新人教版
2．用于单数可数名词前，表示整个类属。 The tiger is in danger of becoming extinct. 老虎濒临灭绝。 Alexander Bell invented the telephone in 1876． 1876年亚历山大·贝尔发明了电话。 3．用在序数词和形容词最高级前。 Yang Liwei is the first man who has been sent into space in China. 在中国，杨利伟是第一个登上太空的人。
failure 失败 by experience靠经验 with pleasure 乐意
具体化(表达个体概念时，是可数名词) an honour 一个(件)引起尊敬的人(事) a failure 一个失败者/一件失败的事 an experience 一次经历 a pleasure一件乐事
②抽象名词与a(n)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到 的动作、行为或类别。
-y 其他
例词 mix→mixture混合 press→pressure压力 depart→departure离开；出发 recover→recovery恢复；痊愈 discover→discovery发现 choose→choice选择 vary→variety多样化；种类 tend→tendency趋向；趋势
考点四
名词的构词法
1．动词变名词的后缀
后缀
例词
correct→correction改正 attract→attraction吸引 conclude→conclusion结论；结束 -ion/-tion/ decide→decision决定 admit→admission接纳；准许入学 -sion/-ation invite→invitation邀请 explain→explanation解释 expect→expectation期望
高考复习计划 模块一 冠词 名词及主谓一致
模块一：冠词、名词与主谓一致冠词不定冠词有a和an两种:a用于辅音音素开头的词前，an用于元音音素开头的词前。
例如:a boy, a city, a girl, a useful animal , an old man, an honest boy, a bad apple,定冠词the(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。
例如: The book on the desk is mine. Show me the photo of the boy, please.(2)指双方都知道的人或事物。
例如: Open the door, please.(3)指上文提到的人或事物。
例如: He lives on a farm. The farm is not big. 他住在农场，这农场不大。
(4)用在世界上独一无二的事物前。
例如: The sun is bigger than the moon.太阳比月亮大些。
(5)用在序数词和形容词最高级前。
例如: The first island is the biggest of the three.第一个小岛是三个中最大的。
(6)用在用普通名词构成的党派，国家等专有名词以及江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、海峡、海湾等专有名词前。
例如: the Great Wall、. the United States、The Yellow River(7)用在形容词前表示一类人，the +形容词指的是一群人，是一种复数含义，所以其后动词应用复数形式。
例如: The old are sick.(8)用在姓名复数形式前表示一家人。
例如: The Smiths have moved to London.(9)用在某些习惯用语中。
例如: in the morning, on the left, the day before yesterday, all the same不用冠词的情况(1)星期、月份、季节、节日前一般不用冠词。
高考英语一轮复习 第3编语法突破 第1讲 冠词与名词(名词)课件
特别提醒： 3.表示数量的词(组)与名词的搭配
只 修 饰 可 数 名 词 复 数 的 词 a few ， few ， several ， many ， a
(组)
Байду номын сангаас
great/good many ， a number of ，
hundreds/thousands/dozens/...＋of
第九页，共23页。
抽 1.表示抽象的特征、状态、行为的一场、一次、一种及“多种”、 象 “多场”等，常可组成“a/an＋抽象名词”或“a/an＋形容词＋抽 名 象名词” 词 a big fire，a heavy rain，a strong wind，a thick fog，have a look， 具 make an apology，take a deep breath，live a．..life，have a good 体 time，a wonderful lunch，a need，a discovery，a love，a collection 化 of，a knowledge of，a history of，a population of，an area of，an
understanding of等。如：He has a good knowledge of computer science。
第十页，共23页。
2.表示具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的人或事，这一抽象
名词已完全变为可数名词。常见的这类名词有：
抽 surprise(惊奇)，cold(感冒)，pleasure(乐趣)，pity(遗憾)，failure(失
体 experience经验 an experience一次经历
化 failure失败
高考英语一轮复习 考点专题一 名词、代词、冠词-人教版高三全册英语试题
名词、代词、冠词考点一名词题型一名词的根本用法Ⅰ.单句填空1.If you want to see how life was back in the old days, China still has many beautiful water (town) to visit.【答案】towns2.They are always gathering in their winter food in the middle of summer and they are making (preparation)for the long cold winter.【答案】preparations3.Now, nearly 500 acres of sand is being turned into farms producing corn, (tomato) and sunflowers.【答案】tomatoes4.Calligraphy has influenced the world widely and has even been introduced to many neighboring (country).【答案】countries5.A few dollars can help to fill a (child)hungry stomach.【答案】child’sⅡ.单句改错6. He usually goes to see his parents on Saturday’s evening.【答案】Saturday’s→Saturday7.Some of us also made a public speech to tell people some knowledges about protecting the environment.【答案】knowledges→knowledge题型二名词构词法1.The Zhongshan team completed tasks including installation of and tests for LiDAR, drilling of ice bedrock, atmospheric sounding (observe), surveys of birds and aerial exploration carried out by the fixed-wing aircraft.【答案】observation2.You may not know the name John Stith Pemberton, but you must know the name of his (invent):Coca-Cola.【答案】invention3.I was traveling in a small place in New York. That place had no taxi for a short (distant).【答案】distance4.Once the brush movement hesitates, a black mark is created, so speed, (strong) and agility (敏捷) is the essence of fine artwork.【答案】strength5.Apart from defense, other purposes of the Great Wall have included border control, the (encourage) of trade and the control of immigration.【答案】encouragement6.In 1962, Rachel Carson’s best-selling book “Silent Spring〞 created an (aware) of the dangerous effects of pesticides(农药).【答案】awareness7.Senior experts from UNESCO were amazed at its unique natural scenery, near perfect ecosystem, and creative (combine) of nature and humanism.【答案】combination考点二代词Ⅰ.单句填空1.China’s research icebreaker X uelong, on Thursday local time left the Zhongshan Station on (it) way back to China.【答案】its2.To lighten the addiction, he created his own drink by using leaves of coca and kola nuts. He named “Pemberton’s French Wine Coca〞.【答案】it3.More and more people are willing to shop online to get what they want, and I am one of (they).【答案】them4.In a Weibo post, he thanked netizens for (they) love and praise.【答案】their5.In his letter, Jin introduced (he) and Yiwu.【答案】himselfⅡ.单句改错6.Without ads, that would be difficult to get across a product’s basic message.【答案】that→it7.A large number of students and even some teachers took an active part in it, where the participants handed in our works which were later graded bycalligraphers.【答案】our→their8.But even if every large city purified and reused it’s water, we still would not have enough water.【答案】it’s→its9.I’ve lived in New York and Chicago, but don’t like neither of them very much.【答案】neither→either考点三冠词题型一冠词的根本用法Ⅰ.单句填空1.Also known as the Snow Dragon, the icebreaker carrying a research team set sail from Shanghai on Nov. 2 last year, beginning country’s 35th Antarctic expedition.【答案】the2.It’s not all that hard to build an advanced and large vocabulary. Like many things in life,it’s ongoing process.【答案】an3.Chaplin liked idea of working in the film industry because it would mean a new life.【答案】the4.Three became political leaders;three became doctors;the most famous graduate became university teacher and was responsible for the introduction of modern teaching methods in his country.【答案】 aⅡ.单句改错5.I’m lucky enough to make friends with so nice person.【答案】person前加a6.What a impressive experience!【答案】a→an题型二冠词的习惯用法Ⅰ.单句填空1.The sound of the car died away in distance.【答案】the2.Eating chocolate once in while makes it easier for you to resist eating it all the time.【答案】 a3.Beavers build themselves curious huts to live in, and quite frequently great number of these huts are placed close together.【答案】 a4.All ofsudden, a student rushed in and pushed her aside.【答案】 aⅡ.单句改错5.Some of the scenery in this area ranks among best in the country.【答案】best前加the6.To tell a truth, my spoken English used to be a big headache for me.【答案】第一个a→thestly, you should remember to take some food for the lunch because we’ll stay there and chat with them at noon.【答案】删除the《真题训练》考点一名词第一组1.(某某,6)The(possible) that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.【答案】possibility2.(江苏,32)Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the(assume) you’ve made.【答案】assumption3.(江苏,34)The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents. But alternative (explain) are hard to find.【答案】explanations4.(浙江,4 )It is important to pay your (electric)bill on time, as late payments may affect your credit.【答案】electricity5.(江苏,24)—Can you tell us your recipe for (happy) and a long life?—Living every day to the full, definitely.【答案】happiness6.(江苏,32)Some schools will have to make(adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.【答案】adjustments/adjustment7.(江苏,35)—Go and say sorry to your mom,Dave.—I’d like to,but I’m afraid she won’t be happy with my(apologize).【答案】apology/apologies8.(浙江,15)One of the most effective ways to reduce (stressful)is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.【答案】stress9.(安徽,30)There is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it some(think)and then let me know.【答案】thought第二组1.(2020届安徽六安一中月考一,66)Though alone, you can enjoy your travel in (silent) while thinking quietly.【答案】silence2.(2020届贵州贵阳8月摸底,67)Human food is very bad for thebaboons’(tooth)because it has a lot of sugar.【答案】teeth3.(2020届河南天一大联考阶段检测Ⅰ,67)That writing system was of great (important) in uniting the Chinese people and culture.【答案】importance4.(2020届江西临川二中月考一,65)Due to the (arrive) of more Chinese, more shops and businesses grew up.【答案】arrival5.(2020届黑龙江哈尔滨师大附中9月月考,45)These grapes bring wealth as well as their delicious (sweet) to the locals.【答案】sweetness6.(河北保定摸底考试,70)Bringing together Western Medicine and TCM, rather than being in (compete), is where the potential for great effects lies.【答案】competition7.(海南儋州一次统测,64)By the time of his (die), he was the best-selling Chinese author, and over 100 million copies of his works have been sold in the world. 【答案】death8.(河南洛阳期中考试,64)So far modern (platform) have taken the place of traditional focuses with a wider range of creative enterprises from smart infrastructure construction to design and robots.【答案】platforms9.(浙江温州普通高中高考适应性测试,62)He decided to put his plan into (act)—building a garden.【答案】action10.(江西红色七校一联,64)To the citizens in Hangzhou, the best part of it is that it will give us the chance to watch world-class matches and(compete)close to home. 【答案】competitions考点二代词第一组1.(某某,3)A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than who are not.【答案】those2.(某某,11)was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.【答案】It3.(浙江,3)In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different fromin the UK.【答案】that4.(某某,2)The quality of education in this small school is better than in some larger schools.【答案】that5.(浙江,12)How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?【答案】it6.(重庆,2)The meeting will be held in September,but knows the date for sure. 【答案】nobody7.(陕西,13)To warm himself,the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the.【答案】other8.(四川,10)Niki is always full of ideas,but is useful to my knowledge.【答案】none第二组1.(2020届安徽“江淮十校〞一联,67)In terms of social psychology, one way of thinking about this is that we feel much better about (we) if we focus on someone who’s doing even worse, a process known as downward social comparison.【答案】ourselves2.(2020届贵州贵阳8月摸底,68)(they)job is to find baboons in the city and return them to the countryside.【答案】Their3.(2020届河南许昌高级中学月考一,43)Then he hid (him) nearby and watched carefully to see if anyone would remove the big rock.【答案】himself4.(2020届黑龙江哈尔滨师大附中9月月考,49)If you pick one grape and put in your mouth, you will surely never forget the wonderful taste.【答案】it5.(2020届四川绵阳南山中学9月月考,70)Now it occurred to (he) that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.【答案】him6.(湖南浏阳六校联考,67)However, quite a few other people, especially in the countryside, would fix a lucky date so that their marriage would have “Double Happiness〞.【答案】those7.(山西太原期中考试,69)In return, bookstores have improved the cultural atmosphere of shopping malls, so is mutually beneficial to have such cooperation.【答案】it8.(吉林长春市实验中学月考三,63)On this day, dragons, a prominent totem (图腾) in Chinese culture raise (they) heads with the sound of thunder.【答案】their9.(湖北重点高中联考协作体期中考试,64)They say normal levels of stress can help students to work and think faster and more effectively,as well asimprove(they)performance.【答案】their10.(江西红色七校一联,69)In the next few years, Hangzhou will try its best to prepare(it)for the big show.【答案】itself考点三冠词第一组1.(浙江,2) prize for the winner of the competition is two-week holiday in Paris. 【答案】The; a2.(浙江,2)Jane’s grandmother had wanted to write a children’s book for many years,but one thing or another always got in way.【答案】the3.(重庆,3)I just heard bank where Dora works was robbed by gunman wearing a mask. 【答案】the;a4.(四川,5)Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be Beethoven. 【答案】 a第二组1.(2020届河南许昌高级中学月考一,50)The villager learned a valuable lesson that many others would never understand: Every obstacle presents opportunity to improve one’s condition.【答案】an2.(2020届黑龙江大庆铁人中学开学考试,62)Every year, butterfly(蝴蝶) lovers in California go out in November to count monarch butterflies. They got a worrying result from their fall monarch count in — number of monarchs had dropped by 86% since .【答案】the3.(2020届江西临川二中月考一,61)Gerrard Street, which is between Leicester Square and Shaftesbury Avenue, is the most important street in the area. There is unique community with many Chinese restaurants, supermarkets and shops.【答案】 a4.(2020届江西南昌开学摸底,70)So the key to using a happy smile to make you better runner may be to smile sincerely and often near a race’s end, but in 30-second bursts, rather than constantly.【答案】 a5.(2020届云南昆明一中一次摸底,61)The Economist is English-language weekly news and international affairs publication owned by The Economist Newspaper Ltd.【答案】an6.(湖南浏阳六校联考,69)The wedding ceremony is usually hosted warmly and the wedding ceremony very often ends with unique banquet.【答案】 a7.(吉林省吉林市调研一,64)But naps can actually be double-edged sword because while we’re awake during the day, we’re building up sleepiness or sleep pressure.【答案】 a8.(湖北鄂东南教育教学改革联盟期中考试, 61)Produced by China Central Television (CCTV) and the Ministry of Educati on(MOE),“First Class for New Semester〞 has becomemandatory viewing activity for parents and students on the first day of the fall semester.【答案】 a9.(江西红色七校一联,70)splendid Hangzhou is waiting to see you in 2022.【答案】 A10.(河北唐山五校月考,64)As the saying goes,“All work and no play makes Jack dull boy.〞【答案】 a。
高考英语一轮复习语法专题复习名词
高考英语一轮复习语法填空核心要点-名词【预览部分】1．可数名词的单复数：1) 有些名词如news, maths, physics, politics等形式是复数，但意义是单数，谓语要用单数形式；有些名词如police, people等只有复数形式，谓语也要用复数形式。
2)集合名词如group, government, family, team, class, army等作主语时，如指整体时，谓语动词用单数形式；如指其中各个成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。
3)名词作定语，一般用单数，但用man, woman作定语修饰单数名词时用其单数形式，修饰复数名词时用其复数形式。
如：a man doctor, two men doctors, a Frenchwoman nurse, ten Frenchwomen nurses.4) 名词作定语表示所修饰的中心名词的用途、功能、类别等。
如：a coffee cup “咖啡杯”；a paper lantern“纸灯笼”。
5) 注意单复数同形的名词的用法。
fish指鱼的“种类”表示复数时用fishes, 指鱼的“条数”时单数复数都用fish。
6) 姓氏的名词复数与the连用时表示“……一家人；……夫妇”。
如：the Wangs “老王一家人；老王夫妇”。
2）11. More and more people choose to shop in a supermarket as it offers a great _______ of goods.A. varietyB. mixtureC. extensionD. combination [答案与辨析] A。
考查名词的固定搭配。
a great variety of“各种各样的”。
【巩固练习】1. —Brad was Jane’s brother!—____ he reminded me so much of Jane!A. No doubtB. Above allC. No wonderD. Of course[变] ①—Brad was Jane’s brother, wasn’t he?—____!A. No doubtB. Above allC. No wonderD. Of course2. The environmentalists and wild goats’ _____ on the vast grasslands was a good indication of the better environment.A. escapeB. absenceC. attendanceD. appearance[变] ①The environmentalists and wild goats’ _____ from t he vast grasslands was a bad indication of the worse environment.A. escapeB. absenceC. attendanceD. appearance【巩固练习】参考答案与详细解析1. C。
高考英语_名词和冠词
2.不可数名词常用(a) little,much,a great deal of等修饰,可数名词常用(a) few, many,a number of等修饰。a lot of,lots of,plenty of可修饰可数名词和不可数 名词。 3.抽象名词具体化 具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的人或事,具体指特定的某一件事时,这一抽 象名词可作为可数名词。 difficulty困难;a difficulty一件难事 failure失败;a failure一个失败者;一件失败的事 success成功;a success一位成功者;一件成功的事 surprise惊奇;a surprise一件令人吃惊的事 honour荣誉; an honour一位带来荣誉的人,一件带来荣誉的事 Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。
appear→appearance出现/外表 perform→performance履行
resist→resistance抵制
guide→guidance指导
enter→entrance进入
insure→insurance保险
assist→assistance帮助
endure→endurance/tolerate—tolerance忍受
④有些名词的单数形式和复数形式表示不同的意思。如:arm手臂/arms武器; cloth布/clothes衣服;content内容/contents目录;custom风俗;习惯/ customs海关;force力量/forces武装部队;good好事、好处/goods货物; green绿色/greens蔬菜;interest兴趣/interests利益、爱好;look看/ looks外貌;manner态度、方式/manners礼貌;pain痛苦/pains辛苦;paper 纸/papers论文、报纸、文件;people人们/peoples民族;sand沙/sands沙滩; time时间/times次数、时代;thing东西、事情/things形势;word单词,消息/ words话语;work工作/works工厂、著作;wood木头/woods树林。
高考英语语法复习专题之——名词和冠词
④表示事件或在特定场合(如酒吧，餐厅等)表示具 体的量。例如： coffee 咖啡—a coffee 一杯咖啡 ice 冰—an ice 一份冰淇淋 drink 饮料—a drink 一杯饮料 fire 火—two fires 两堆篝火(两盆炉火，两场火灾) some hair 一些头发(泛指)—some hairs 几根头 发(指一根一根的头发)
2. Collective Nouns: 表示由个体组成的集 体。 army; audience; crew; family; team; police; government; public
集体名词有时作单数看待，有时作复数看。 一般来说，视为整体时作单数看，突出它的成员 时作复数看。
His family isn’t large. His family are all music lovers.
pleasure 愉快—a pleasure 一件乐事
failure 失败—a failure 一位失败者，一件失败的事
success 成功—a success 一位成功者，一件成功的事 wonder 惊奇—a wonder 一个奇迹 beauty 美丽—a beauty 一位美人
law 法律—two laws 两部法规
word 消息—two words 两个单词
some room 一些空间—some rooms 几间屋子
②抽象名词意义具体化后，具有“一种”、“一阵”、 “一例”、“一项”、“一下”、“一顿”等含义，
这时，常使用“不定冠词＋抽象名词”或“不定冠词
＋形容词＋抽象名词”的结构。例如：
experience 经验—an experience 一种经历
Two strong black coffees, please. ( 两份） Three beers, please. (三杯） It was a special tea. (一种）
高中英语一轮总复习 第2部分语法考点讲练第一讲 名词和冠词
第一讲名词和冠词名词考查主要集中在词类转换和单复数(涉及主谓一致)方面，明确句中所需词汇的词性是解题的关键。
冠词是语法填空与短文改错的必考点，习惯用法和固定搭配是其主要考查方向。
命题趋势：1.对冠词的考查将集中在冠词的基本用法和习惯搭配上；2．名词考点主要集中在给出词根进行词类转化、名词的可数与不可数、名词复数形式的变化上。
考点一名词的固定搭配1．动词have，keep，take，make，get，pay，play，give，put等加名词构成的短语have a good reputation有个好的名声have an idea of 了解have a sense of 有……意识have a feeling of 有……感觉have access to 可以获得have an advantage over 胜过，优于keep a balance 保持平衡take…into account 考虑……take advantage of 利用，趁……之机make fun of 取笑，嘲弄make the best of 充分利用，妥善处理get/lose contact with 与……取得/失去联系get relief 得到缓解give a solution 给出解决方案put…into practice 将……付诸行动①You are working too hard.You'd better keep a balance between work and relaxation. 你工作太努力了。
你最好使工作和休息相平衡。
②The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients，so he has a very good reputation.那个医生擅长治疗心脏病，并且从来不接受病人的礼物，所以他享有非常好的名声。
新高考英语一轮复习专题四冠词、名词、代词课件
用于姓氏复数形式前,表示一 The Greens are watching TV now.
家人或夫妇俩
格林一家现在正在看电视。
用于表示西方乐器的名词前 The boy can play the piano very well.这个小男孩钢琴弹得很好。
We are of an age.我们同岁。 Birds of a feather flock together.物以类聚。
In order to shape myself, I attend a yoga class twice a week. 用于表示时间、速度、价格
为了塑形,我每周上两次瑜伽课。 等的单位名词前，表示“每
用于年代、朝代以及逢十 in the 1870s在19世纪70年代 的数词复数形式前 the Tang Dynasty唐朝
in his fifties在他50多岁时 the Stone Age石器时代
2.定冠词the (1)常见用法
用法
示例
用于“by+the+计量单 Part-time jobs are usually paid by the hour.兼职工作通常按小时付工资。
性物主代词代替the)
pat sb. on the shoulder拍某人的肩 strike sb. in the face打某人的脸 pull sb. by the hand拉某人的手
2.定冠词the (2)含定冠词的常考短语
all over the world全世界
all the best一切顺利
饰的名词前
This is the only path through the forest.这是穿过森林的唯一小路。
高考英语一轮复习专题1名词与冠词PPT课件
冠 词 一、不定冠词的基本用法 不定冠词有 a 和 an 两种形式，常位于名词或名词的修饰语 前。当紧跟不定冠词的单词的第一个音素为辅音音素时，用
The police are questioning everyone in the house.警察正在盘
问房子里的每一个人。
3 ．专有名词一般没有复数形式，除非专有名词本身带有 复数词缀。但专有名词有时可普通化、具体化 Ford一辆福特车
赶着牛(cattle)。
2 ．一般而言，集合名词若表示一个整体，作单数用；若 表示集体的各个成员，作复数用。 audience 观 众 ， class 班 级 ， family 家 庭 ， group 小 组 ， committee委员会
【记忆口诀】船员(crew)、夫妻(couple)当观众(audience)，
二、可数名词变复数的特殊情况及示例
特别提醒：1.有些可数名词虽是单数形式，但表示复数意 义。此类名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 【 记 忆 口 诀 】 警 察 (police) 和 人 们 (people) 穿 着 衣 裤 (clothes，trousers) ，戴着眼镜(glasses)，拿着剪刀(scissors) ，追
an ugly man一个丑陋的人
2．具体用法
二、定冠词的用法
三、零冠词的用法
三、不可数名词
特别提醒：1.有些单词和短语常使用复数形式 (1)表示由两个相连的类似部分组成的事物的名词只用复数 形式，如：jeans，headphones，pants，scissors，compasses。这 些名词可单独作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；也可以用 a pair
高考英语一轮复习语法部分第一讲冠词和名词(“名词”相关文档)共9张
Tina and Mary's room 蒂娜和玛丽共有的房间
诊所 Li's 李家 the doctor's play the violin/piano
The train arrived late on account
the barber's 理发店
特指上文提到过的、谈话双方都清
the son of the man you just talked to
刚刚和你说话的那个男人的儿子
7
(4)双重所有格
表表示示泛 各指自，拥与有时an，“yo每同个f义＋名词后名都要词加“'s所”。 有格或名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格。
English Channel
in the morning, the day after tomorrow, the
play the violin/piano
Tina and Mary's room 蒂娜和玛丽共有的房间
用在江河湖海、山脉群岛、海峡海 a play of Shakespeare's 莎士比亚的一部戏剧 岸的地名中 楚的、受定语修饰的人或物 用在表示姓氏的复数名词及整十 用在江河湖海、山脉群岛、海峡海
I visit my father once a month.
数词的复数前 a play of Shakespeare's 莎士比亚的一部戏剧 B用ir在ds序o数f a用词fe和a在t最he高r表f级loc前示k tog国ethe家r. 的形容词前，泛指该 国的人民 表示“每一个”，与 every, each, per 同义
There I met a foreigner and the fo-reigner helped me a lot. Do you know the girl dancing there？
高考英语一轮复习教案： 语法梳理 名词和冠词(15页Word文档) Word版含解析[ 高考]
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名词和冠词【考情分析】(1)名词在高考中的考查重点：1．名词词义辨析2．名词的数3．名词作定语4. 名词所有格5. 抽象名词具体化6. 名词与冠词的结合【知识归纳】名词考点一名词辨析1.注意一词多义的名词.2.注意形似意异名词3. 注意近义和同义名词的用法。
考点二名词的数1．可数与不可数名词名词的可数与不可数是一个十分复杂而又非常重要的问题。
许多名词通常是不可数的，但在一定的情况下又可以变为可数名词。
(1)物质名词一般不可数，如：milk，gold，coffee，beer，但有些可用作可数名词，表示特殊意义，如：an icecream(一份冰淇淋)，a light rain(一阵小雨)。
(2) 抽象名词具体化具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的人或事，具体指特定的某一件事时，这一抽象名词可用作可数名词。
difficulty 困难；a difficulty 一件难事experience 经验；an experience 一次经历failure 失败；a failure 一位失败者，一件失败的事knowledge 知识；a good knowledge 丰富的知识success 成功；a success 一位成功者，一件成功的事surprise 惊奇；a surprise 一件令人吃惊的事honour 荣誉；an honour 一位(件)带来荣誉的人或事如：Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。
His new book was a great success.他的新书获得巨大成功。
(3) 有些不可数名词后面加s时表示特殊意义time 时间times 次数；时代；倍数glass玻璃glasses 眼镜wood 木头woods 树林sand 沙子sands 沙滩paper 纸papers 试卷；论文；报纸wish 愿望wishes 问候如：She wears a pair of glasses. 她戴着一副眼镜。