信息管理系统9
信息管理系统内容
信息管理系统内容信息管理系统是一种用于组织、存储、处理和传递信息的工具，它在现代社会中发挥着重要的作用。
本文将介绍信息管理系统的定义、功能、应用领域以及面临的挑战。
定义信息管理系统是指通过计算机和其他技术手段将信息进行有效组织、存储、处理和传递的一种系统。
它包括硬件、软件和人员等多个组成部分，通过这些部分的协同工作，实现对信息的快速、准确、安全的管理。
功能信息管理系统具有多种功能，包括数据采集、信息存储、信息检索、信息分析和信息分享等。
首先，它可以通过各种方式采集数据，如手动输入、传感器感测等，将数据转化为信息。
其次，它可以将信息以结构化的方式进行存储，如数据库管理系统。
然后，通过信息检索功能，用户可以方便地获取所需的信息。
此外，信息管理系统还可以对信息进行分析，提供决策支持和业务洞察。
最后，它还可以通过不同的方式分享信息，如电子邮件、网站、移动应用程序等。
应用领域信息管理系统广泛应用于各个领域。
在教育领域，学校可以使用学生信息管理系统来管理学生的个人信息、课程安排、成绩等。
在医疗领域，医院可以使用电子健康记录系统来管理患者的病历、药物处方等信息。
在企业领域，企业可以使用企业资源计划系统（ERP）来集成公司的各个部门和业务流程的信息。
在政府部门，政府可以使用电子政务系统来提供在线服务和管理公共事务。
总之，信息管理系统几乎在各个行业和领域发挥着重要的作用。
面临的挑战尽管信息管理系统带来了诸多好处，但也面临着一些挑战。
首先，信息管理系统涉及到大量的数据存储和处理，对硬件和网络基础设施提出了高要求。
其次，信息管理系统需要保证数据的安全性和隐私性，否则会面临信息泄露的风险。
另外，不同的信息管理系统可能使用不同的标准和格式，导致信息的互操作性问题。
此外，信息管理系统的设计和实施需要专业的技术和管理人员，对人力资源的需求也是一个挑战。
最后，信息管理系统的运营和维护需要不断更新和改进，以满足不断变化的需求。
结论信息管理系统是现代社会不可或缺的一部分，它可以帮助我们更好地组织、存储、处理和传递信息。
信息管理系统基本情况介绍和功能说明
信息管理系统基本情况介绍和功能说明简介本文旨在介绍信息管理系统的基本情况和功能。
信息管理系统是一种用于收集、存储、管理和检索信息的系统。
它能够提高组织的信息管理效率和准确性，为决策和业务流程提供有力支持。
功能说明1. 数据收集和存储信息管理系统具备数据收集和存储功能，可以接收并记录各种形式的数据，如文本、图像、音频和视频等。
系统提供适当的界面和工具，使用户能够方便地输入和上传数据，并将其存储在可靠的数据库中。
2. 数据管理和分类系统可以根据预设的分类标准和规则，对收集到的数据进行管理和分类。
用户可以创建和修改不同的数据类别和属性，为信息进行合理的组织和归类，方便后续的检索和利用。
3. 数据检索和查询信息管理系统提供强大的搜索和查询功能，用户可以根据特定的条件和要求，对存储在系统中的信息进行检索。
系统能够快速地返回符合要求的数据，并以用户友好的方式呈现结果，帮助用户快速找到所需信息。
4. 报表和分析系统支持生成各种类型的报表和分析结果，以便用户更好地理解和利用存储的信息。
用户可以根据自己的需要选择数据分析方法和报表类型，系统将根据用户的要求生成相应的报表和分析结果。
5. 安全和权限控制为了确保信息的安全性和保密性，信息管理系统具备严格的安全和权限控制机制。
系统允许管理员对用户的访问权限进行设置和管理，以确保只有具有合法权限的用户才能访问和操作系统中的信息。
总结信息管理系统是一种重要的工具，它能够提高信息管理的效率和质量，为组织和个人提供强有力的支持。
本文简要介绍了信息管理系统的基本情况和功能，希望能够帮助读者对信息管理系统有更清晰的了解。
管理信息系统(第9版)精要版原书英文版题库答案第2章
Essentials of Management Information Systems, 9e (Laudon/Laudon)Chapter 2 Global E-Business and Collaboration1) Senior management is responsible for directing the day-to-day activities of the business. Answer: FALSEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 44-45AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension2) Operational-level manufacturing systems deal with the firm's long-term manufacturing goals, such as where to locate a new plant.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 45AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize, differentiate3) Transaction processing systems are most commonly encountered at the senior management level of an organization.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 47AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension4) TPS help managers monitor the firm's relations with the external environment.Answer: TRUEDiff: 3 Page Ref: 48AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension5) A hotel reservation system is a typical example of a management information system. Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 48-49AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize6) The decision to grant credit to a customer is normally made by a senior manager. Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 47AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension7) Transaction processing systems are the basic business systems that serve the operational level of the organization.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 47AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension8) Management information systems primarily support nonroutine decision making. Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 49AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension9) Most MISs use sophisticated mathematical models or statistical techniques.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 49AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension10) Deciding whether to introduce a new product line is the responsibility of an operational manager.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 45AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize11) Decision-support systems help managers make decisions that are unique, rapidly changing, and not easily specified in advance.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 49AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension12) Decision-support systems often use information from external sources.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 50AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension13) ESSs are designed to serve the middle management of the organization.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 51AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension14) ESSs are designed to incorporate data about external events, but they also draw summarized information from internal MIS and DSS.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 51AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension15) ESSs are designed primarily to solve specific problems.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 51AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension16) Information supplied by an enterprise system is structured around cross-functional business processes.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 54AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension17) Supply chain management systems are more externally oriented than enterprise systems. Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 55AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of compare18) Knowledge management systems are used to gather and distribute the firm's essential operational data, such as sales reports.Answer: FALSEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 55AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension19) Cell phones are one of the tools firms use to support teamwork and collaboration. Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 60AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension20) The five basic entities that make up any business are suppliers, customers, employees, products and services, and:A) its environment.B) manufacturing and production.C) sales and marketing.D) invoices and payments.Answer: DDiff: 2 Page Ref: 42AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension21) Promoting the organization's products or services is a responsibility of the ________ function.A) finance and accountingB) human resourcesC) manufacturing and productionD) sales and marketingAnswer: DDiff: 1 Page Ref: 43AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension22) Checking for product quality is an activity associated with the ________ function.A) finance and accountingB) human resourcesC) manufacturing and productionD) sales and marketingAnswer: CDiff: 1 Page Ref: 43AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension23) Which of the following is a cross-functional business process?A) Hiring an employeeB) Identifying a customerC) Fulfilling a customer orderD) Creating an invoiceAnswer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 44AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension24) Employees that assist with paperwork at all levels of the firm are called:A) data workers.B) knowledge workers.C) operational management.D) service workers.Answer: ADiff: 1 Page Ref: 45AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension25) The three principal levels of hierarchies within a business organization are:A) management, knowledge workers, and service workers.B) senior management, middle management, and operational management.C) management, data workers, and operational management.D) senior management, operational management, and workers.Answer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 45AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension26) Key forces in a business's immediate environment include:A) regulations.B) technology.C) economy.D) politics.Answer: ADiff: 3 Page Ref: 45-46AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension27) Engineers and architects are examples of:A) senior management.B) production workers.C) knowledge workers.D) middle management.Answer: CDiff: 1 Page Ref: 45AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension28) Which of the following is an example of a key force in a firm's broader, less immediate environment?A) stockholdersB) regulationsC) shipping firmsD) economic trendsAnswer: DDiff: 3 Page Ref: 46AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension29) A computerized system that performs and records the daily dealings necessary to conduct business is classified as a(n):A) executive support system.B) management-level system.C) decision support system.D) transaction-processing system.Answer: DDiff: 1 Page Ref: 47AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension30) Which type of system would you use to change a production schedule if a key supplier was late in delivering goods?A) ESSB) TPSC) MISD) DSSAnswer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 47-48AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of differentiate and appraise31) A relocation control system that reports summaries on the total moving, house-hunting, and home financing costs for employees in all company divisions would fall into the category of:A) knowledge management systems.B) transaction support systems.C) executive-support systems.D) management information systems.Answer: DDiff: 3 Page Ref: 48AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize32) The term "management information systems" designates a specific category of information systems serving:A) integrated data processing throughout the firm.B) transaction process reporting.C) senior managementD) middle management functions.Answer: DDiff: 1 Page Ref: 48AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension33) These systems are designed to summarize and report on the company's basic operations.A) Management information systemsB) Decision-support systemsC) Executive information systemsD) Transaction processing systemsAnswer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 48AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension34) ________ support making decisions that are unique, rapidly changing, and not easily specified in advance.A) Management information systemsB) Transaction processing systemsC) Executive support systemsD) Decision-support systemsAnswer: DDiff: 1 Page Ref: 49AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension35) Which type of system would you use to determine the five suppliers with the worst record in delivering goods on time?A) ESSB) TPSC) MISD) DSSAnswer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 48-49AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of differentiate and appraise36) These systems are especially suited to situations in which the procedure for arriving at a solution may not be fully predefined in advance.A) Management information systemsB) Transaction processing systemsC) Decision-support systemsD) Knowledge management systemsAnswer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 49AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension37) Which type of system would you use to forecast the return on investment if you used new suppliers with better delivery track records?A) ESSB) TPSC) MISD) DSSAnswer: DDiff: 2 Page Ref: 49-50AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize38) Decision-support systems are also referred to as:A) business information systems.B) business intelligence systems.C) executive support systems.D) business model systems.Answer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 50AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension39) Executive support systems are information systems that support the:A) long-range planning activities of senior management.B) knowledge and data workers in an organization.C) decision-making and administrative activities of middle managers.D) day-to-day processes of production.Answer: ADiff: 1 Page Ref: 51AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension40) ESS are specifically designed to serve the ________ level of the organization.A) operationalB) end-userC) middle managementD) senior managementAnswer: DDiff: 1 Page Ref: 51AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension41) Which type of system would you use to determine what trends in your supplier's industry will affect your firm the most in five years?A) ESSB) TPSC) MISD) DSSAnswer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 51AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize42) ________ systems often deliver information to senior executives through a portal.A) Transaction processingB) Executive supportC) Management informationD) Decision-supportAnswer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 51AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension43) A POS system, such as the one selected by Johnny's Lunch in the chapter case study, falls into which category of information system?A) TPSB) KWSC) MISD) DSSAnswer: ADiff: 3 Page Ref: 52AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize44) These systems are designed to support organization-wide process coordination and integration.A) Decision-support systemsB) Management information systemsC) CRMD) Enterprise applicationsAnswer: DDiff: 1 Page Ref: 53AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension45) A(n) ________ collects data from various key business processes and stores the data in a single comprehensive data repository, usable by other parts of the business.A) transaction processing systemB) enterprise systemC) automatic reporting systemD) management information systemAnswer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 54AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension46) What is the most important benefit of an enterprise application?A) Enabling speed of communicating.B) Enabling business functions and departments to share information.C) Enabling a company to work collaboratively with customers and suppliers.D) Enabling cost-effective, e-business processes.Answer: BDiff: 3 Page Ref: 53-54AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Evaluation in terms of appraise, evaluate47) ________ systems integrate and share information from suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, and logistics companies.A) Collaborative distributionB) Supply-chain managementC) Reverse logisticsD) Enterprise planningAnswer: BDiff: 1 Page Ref: 54AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension48) ________ systems provide information to coordinate all of the business processes that deal with customers in sales, marketing, and service to optimize revenue, customer satisfaction, and customer retention.A) CRMB) MISC) ESSD) CPSAnswer: ADiff: 1 Page Ref: 55AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension49) Which type of information system would an intranet be most easily adapted to?A) CRMB) MISC) TPSD) KMSAnswer: DDiff: 3 Page Ref: 55AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Synthesis in terms of bringing information together50) Which of the following types of system could be used to enable different firms to work collaboratively on a product?A) intranetB) extranetC) KMSD) CRMAnswer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 55AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of appraise51) You manage the Information Systems department at a small startup Internet advertiser. You need to set up an inexpensive system that allows customers to see real-time statistics such as views and click-throughs about their current banner ads. Which type of system will most efficiently provide a solution?A) CRMB) Enterprise systemC) ExtranetD) IntranetAnswer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 55AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Evaluation in terms of assess, choose52) Buying or selling goods over the Internet is called:A) e-commerce.B) e-business.C) an intranet.D) an extranet.Answer: ADiff: 1 Page Ref: 56AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension53) The use of digital technology and the Internet to execute the major business processes in the enterprise is called:A) e-commerce.B) e-business.C) enterprise applications.D) MIS.Answer: BDiff: 1 Page Ref: 56AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension54) You work for a highly successful advertiser that is just about to expand nationally. Of utmost importance will be finding a way to store and disseminate their client's frequently updated branding and style guides to all of their branches. The guides include multiple image files and text documents. What system will best serve these needs?A) A wikiB) An extranet with KMS capabilitiesC) A TPS with KMS capabilitiesD) An ESS with collaboration capabilitiesAnswer: BDiff: 3 Page Ref: 54-65AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Synthesis in terms of bringing information together55) Interaction jobs are those jobs which:A) are in the service sector and require close coordination, and collaboration.B) involve knowledge that can't be put into an information system.C) are performed typically by operational-level employees.D) require intense levels of interaction with clients.Answer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 57AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension56) You have been hired by Inspiration Inc, to help improve their profit margin. Inspiration Inc. is a business communications consultancy that services many clients in different industries throughout the U.S. The end products of the company are customized recommendations for the best use of a client's existing resources for improving internal communications, typically delivered via documentation in different media. The company has approximately 100 consultants all of whom are located in their central headquarters in Chicago. What system do you recommend to improve the company's business processes and increase their profit margin?A) Extranet, to enable quick collaboration over the Internet, minimize the time spent communicating with the client, and minimize the amount of paperwork neededB) CRM, to maintain easily accessible customer records to minimize the time spent looking for client dataC) KMS, for minimizing redundant work on similar clientsD) Video conferencing system, for improving collaborationAnswer: ADiff: 3 Page Ref: 55-61AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Synthesis in terms of bringing information together57) In a business environment, the focus of collaboration is to:A) accomplish the task at hand.B) provide a sense of community.C) foster better communication.D) prevent miscommunication.Answer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 56AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension58) Which of the following statements is NOT true about collaboration in a business setting?A) Collaboration may be a short-lived activity, lasting just a few minutes.B) Collaboration is a many-to-many activity as opposed to a one-to-one or one-to-many activity.C) Meaningful collaboration requires a supportive business firm culture and the right, decentralized structure.D) The evidence of the business benefits of collaboration are largely anecdotal.Answer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 56-59AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension59) Which of the following tools is NOT one of the most important 15 types of collaboration software tools?A) screen sharingB) video streamingC) video conferencingD) e-mail and instant messagingAnswer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 60AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension60) A wiki is a type of:A) social networking site.B) blogging.C) video conferencing.D) Web site designed for collaborative writing and editing.Answer: DDiff: 1 Page Ref: 61AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension61) Second Life is an example of a:A) virtual world.B) wiki.C) social networking site.D) mind mapping tool.Answer: ADiff: 1 Page Ref: 61AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension62) The most widely used collaboration software tool used by very large firms is:A) Lotus Notes.B) Microsoft SharePoint.C) Google Apps.D) Onehub.Answer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 65AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension63) What analytical framework discussed in the chapter helps understand and evaluate the benefits and uses of collaboration tools?A) cost/use matrixB) task/time matrixC) space/cost matrixD) time/space matrixAnswer: DDiff: 2 Page Ref: 67AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension64) Which of the following collaboration tools would be appropriate for participants in separate locations who need to collaborate synchronously?A) blogB) team roomC) electronic meeting softwareD) group calendarAnswer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 67AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of compare65) The ________ is responsible for ensuring that the company complies with existing data privacy laws.A) CPOB) CKOC) CIOD) CIPAnswer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 68AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension66) The principal liaison between the information systems groups and the rest of the organization is a(n):A) programmer.B) information systems manager.C) systems analyst.D) CIO.Answer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 68AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension67) A ________ is a senior manager who oversees the use of IT in the firm.A) CEOB) CFOC) CIOD) CITAnswer: CDiff: 1 Page Ref: 68AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension68) Development and support services for a firm's business systems are provided by:A) IT educational services.B) IT management services.C) Application software services.D) IT standards services.Answer: CDiff: 3 Page Ref: 69AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension69) Policies that determine which information technology will be used, when, and how are provided by:A) IT educational services.B) IT management services.C) Application software services.D) IT standards services.Answer: DDiff: 3 Page Ref: 69AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension70) A(n) ________ is a set of logically related activities for accomplishing a specific business result.Answer: business processDiff: 1 Page Ref: 42AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension71) A firm depends heavily on its ________ to supply capital, labor, customers, new technology, services and products, stable markets and legal systems, and general educational resources. Answer: environmentDiff: 2 Page Ref: 45AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension72) The ________ function is responsible for attracting, developing, and maintaining the firm's workforce.Answer: human resourcesDiff: 1 Page Ref: 43AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension73) Managers need ________ systems to monitor the status of internal operations and the firm's relations with the external environment.Answer: transaction processingDiff: 2 Page Ref: 48AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension74) A(n) ________ is used by middle management to support nonroutine decision making. Answer: decision-support system/DSSDiff: 1 Page Ref: 49AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension75) ________ applications span the entire firm, integrating information from multiple functions and business processes to enhance the performance of the organization as a whole.Answer: EnterpriseDiff: 1 Page Ref: 53AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension76) Supply chain management systems are one type of ________ system because they automate the flow of information across organizational boundaries.Answer: interorganizationalDiff: 3 Page Ref: 55AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension77) ________ are highly trained technical specialists who write the software instructions for computers.Answer: ProgrammersDiff: 1 Page Ref: 68AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension78) ________ are representatives of departments outside of the information systems group for whom applications are developed.Answer: End usersDiff: 2 Page Ref: 69AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension79) ________ technology allows a videoconference participant to give the appearance of being present at a location other than his or her true physical location.Answer: TelepresenceDiff: 3 Page Ref: 61AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension80) Identify the different types of systems used for the different levels of management in a business.Answer: The types of information systems used for different levels of management are transaction processing systems (TPS), management information systems (MIS), decision-support systems (DSS), and executive support systems (ESS). TPS, such as payroll or order processing, track the flow of the daily routine transactions that are necessary to conduct business. They are used by operational managers to manage day-to-day operations. MIS summarize and report on the c ompany’s basic operations using data supplied by TPS. They provide middle managers with reports on the organization’s current performance and are not highly analytical. DSS also support middle management decisions when these decisions are unique, rapidly changing, and not specified easily in advance. They use advanced analytical models and data analysis capabilities and often draw on information from external as well as internal sources. ESS support senior management by providing data of greatest importance to senior management decision makers. ESS provide a generalized computing and communications capacity that can be applied to a changing array of problems. ESS present graphs and data from many sources through an interface that is easy for senior managers to use, often a portal.Diff: 1 Page Ref: 47-51AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Synthesis in terms of generalize81) In your opinion, what are at least three factors that contribute to the difficulty of integrating systems for different organizational levels and functions within an organization? Support your answer.Answer: An example answer is: Three factors that can contribute include different computing environments; different data kept; and employee resistance. Different computing environments can make it difficult in terms of programming to connect the systems together. If the systems have kept different types of data and different records, this may also be a hindrance. For example, if some elements in a database are recorded differently, such as a customer ID not being the same in one area as another, this would make consistency a problem and may contribute to redundant information. There may also be resistance to adopting new, integrative systems that are more efficient because these may change business processes and the functions of employees. People working in an organization may not want to lose the responsibilities they have and the functions they understand.Diff: 3 Page Ref: 53AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Evaluation in terms of assess, compare82) Discuss at least three reasons why collaboration and teamwork are more important today than ever.Answer: Collaboration and teamwork are more important today than ever for a variety of reasons. For one, the nature of work has changed from factory manufacturing andpre-computer office work. Today, the kinds of jobs we have require much closer coordination and interaction among the parties involved in producing the service or product. Another reason is that the organization of work has changed. For most of the industrial age, work was organized in a hierarchical fashion. Orders came down the hierarchy, and responses moved back up the hierarchy. Today, work is organized into groups and teams, who are expected to develop their own methods for accomplishing the task. Senior managers observe and measure results, but are much less likely to issue detailed orders or operating procedures. Another reason is the need to manage work from global locations: The work of the firm has changed from a single location to multiple locations - offices throughout a region, a nation, or even around the globe. Global competition also places a premium on innovation. Innovation is a group and social process, and most innovations derive from collaboration among individuals in a lab, a business, or government agencies. Strong collaborative practices and technologies are believed to increase the rate and quality of innovation. Overall, most research on collaboration supports the notion that diverse teams produce better outputs, faster, than individuals working on their own.Diff: 2 Page Ref: 57-58AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Synthesis in terms of propose83) Identify and describe at least four business benefits of collaboration? Which do you feel is the most important and why?Answer: Business benefits from collaboration are (1) productivity; (2) quality; (3) innovation;(4) customer service; and (5) financial performance. Collaboration helps productivity because people working together on a task can complete the task more quickly. It helps quality because people working together will be more able to correct each other's mistakes. It helps innovation because people working in groups come up with more ideas than those working in isolation. It helps customer service because teams can solve customer complaints more quickly together rather than working in isolation. And as a result of all of these benefits, collaboration helps finance, because collaborative firms have superior sales, sales growth, and financial performance. Student evaluations will vary: for example, the most important of the benefits might be: innovation, because new products, services, and means of production are at the heart of being able to outperform your competitors.Diff: 2 Page Ref: 58-59AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Evaluation in terms of compare, assess。
管理信息系统第9章决策支持系统(DSS)介绍
第二节 决策支持系统的组成
（一）三角式结构
用户
对话管理 子系统
用户
对话管理 子系统
数据库 管理系统
模型库 管理系统
数据库
方法库
模型库
管理系统 管理系统 管理系统
数据库
模型库
a 两库模型
数据库
方法库
模型库
b 三库模型
第二节 决策支持系统的组成
（二） 其他结构 以对话管理子系统牵头，将模型库与数据库以直线方式联 接的串连结构。 结构特点：对话子系统不直接与数据库子系统联系，而是 通过模型库子系统转达操作请求。
将数据库子系统与模型库子系统融为一体的融合式系统结 构。
结构特点： 数据库子系统与模型库子系统互不独立，既可以说是模型 库子系统建立在数据库子系统的基础上，也可以说是数据库 子系统被嵌入模型库子系统之中，模型库中的模型运行时直 接调用数据库中的数据。
第九章 决策支持系统（DSS）
思考题： 1、决策支持系统可辅助决策者解决什么类型的决策问题？ 2、决策支持系统如何定义？ 3、MIS与DSS的关系？ 3、DSS的三角式两库系统结构图？ 4、DSS的三角式三库系统结构图？
定义：DSS是一种以计算机为工具，应用 决策科学及有关学科的理论与方法，以人机交 互方式辅助决策者解决半结构化和非结构化决 策问题的信息系统。
第一节 决策支持系统（DSS）的概念
三、决策支持系统与管理信息系统的关系
主要观点有以下四种： 1、MIS是一个总概念，DSS是MIS发展的高级 阶段或高层子系统。 2、DSS是鉴于MIS的不足而推出的目标不同于 MIS的新型系统。 3、MIS是DSS的基础部分，也即DSS包括提供 决策信息的MIS，MIS是DSS的一个子系统。 4、有广义与侠义之分，就侠义而言，MIS与 DSS是不同的系统，就广义而言，DSS是MIS的分 系统。
ch9 管理信息系统的系统管理 管理信息系统课程课件
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Chapter 1: Software 31
购置商品软件与开发相结合的信息系统实施流程
系统分析
购置与专门开发 模块划分选择
购置与实施
接口设计
系统集成 系统投入运行
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系统设计 系统实施
Chapter 1: Software 32
信息系统的管理的任务
➢系统开发生命周期的管理
项目规划、审定 分析 设计 实施 风险管理
➢系统运行管理
系统日常维护管理 协调、变更管理 资源价值的最大化
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Chapter 1: Software 2
第一节 信息系统管理的基本内容
➢系统资源管理 硬件 网络 数据、程序 人员
➢安全管理 权限 操作（硬件、软件） 防病毒 防黑客
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Chapter 1: Software 25
第二节 信息系统开发的项目管理简介
常用视图有 ： ➢甘特图 ➢跟踪甘特图 ➢任务分配状况 ➢工程网络图（PERT） ➢资源工作表（存放所有资源信息、包含人力资源的工资、 材料的造价、工具的使用成本等信息）
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Chapter 1: Software 26
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©
Chapter 1: Software 29
购置商品软件的信息系统实施流程
提出需求
提出建议
基本数据录入
洽谈
方案设计
试运行
确定模块 调查分析
方案讨论 确定方案
模块设置 培训
管理模式调整
正式投入运行
维护
企业
合作
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软件公司
Chapter 1: Software 30
第二节 信息系统开发的项目管理简介
第二节 信息系统开发的项目管理简介
信息管理系统第九章PPT课件
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3、代码的维护 随着环境的变化，旧的代码不能适应新的要求，必须进行改造。
4、机器、设备的维护 包括机器、设备的日常维护与管理。
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•维护的类型
依据信息系统需要维护的原因不同，系统维护可分为四 种类型：
（1）、更正性维护（corrective maintenance）
为了改善系统功能或适应用户的需要而增加新的功 能的维护工作。
在软件的使用过程中，用户往往会对软件提出新的 功能与性能要求。为了满足这些要求，需要修改或再开 发软件，以扩充软件功能、增强软件性能、改进加工效 率、提高软件的可维护性。这种情况下进行的维护活动 叫做完善性维。
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（4）、预防性维护（preventive maintenance）
预防性维护 4%
适应性维护 25%
完善性维护 50%
各类维护工作的比例
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•系统维护的管理
系统的修改，往往会“牵一发而动全身”。程序、文件、代码
的
局部修改，都可能影响系统的其他部分。
提出修改要求
验收成果
领导批准
登记修改情况
分配任务
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2 系统的可靠性与安全性
指由于发现系统中错误而引起的维护，包括诊断问题和 改正错误。在软件交付使用后，由于开发时测试的不彻底、 不完全，必然会有一部分隐藏的错误被带到运行阶段来。改 正软件性能上的缺陷、排除实施中的误使用，应进行的诊断 和改正错误的过程，是改正性维护。
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（2）、适应性维护（adaptive maintenance）
管理信息系统-9-系统测试与交接维护
A
从A到B的可能路径达
520条，对每一条路径进
行测试需要1毫秒，假
定一年工作365 × 24小
时，要想把所有路径测
试完，需3024年。
B
15
穷举测试是否可行?(黑盒测试) 例:输入 三条边长 可采用的测试用例数(设字长16位)
=216×216×2 1≈6 3 ×10 14
执行时间: 设测试一次需1毫秒,假定一年工作 365 × 24小时，共需约9000年。
软件测试的 策略和方法
静态测 试方法
动态测 试方法
人工测试方法 计算机辅助静 态分析方法
白盒测试方法 黑盒测试方法 穷举测试方法
5 5
静态测试 基本特征是对软件进行分析、检查和测试，不实
际运行被测试的软件。
静态测试对需求规格说明书、软件设计说明书、 源程序做结构分析、流程图分析、符号执行来找 错。约可找出30～70%的逻辑设计错误。
a
bF
(A>1) ^ (B=0)
Tc X=X/A
F d
(A=2) V (X>1)
Te X=X+1
满足语句覆盖的 测试用例如下
2，0，4
a -- c -- e L1
19
白盒测试方法-判定覆盖
所谓的判定覆盖就是设计若干个测试用 例，运行被测程序，使得程序中每个判断的 取真分支和取假分支至少经历一次。
20
条件 取真值 取假值
A>1
T1
T1
B=0
T2
T2
A=2
T3
T3
X>1
T4
T4
25 25
白盒测试方法-条件覆盖
a
F
信息管理信息系统
信息管理信息系统信息管理信息系统是指为管理和处理信息而设计、开发和使用的系统。
它通过集成各种技术和工具，帮助组织和个人有效地管理信息资源，提高工作效率和业务运营的质量。
本文将从信息管理信息系统的定义、主要功能、应用领域和发展趋势等方面进行阐述。
一、信息管理信息系统的定义信息管理信息系统是指在计算机技术的支持下，采用科学的管理方法，对信息进行收集、存储、处理、传递和利用的系统。
它以信息为核心，通过整合各种技术手段和资源，构建起一个完整的信息处理流程，实现信息的高效管理和优化利用。
信息管理信息系统的建设包括硬件设备、软件系统、人员培训和组织结构等方面，是一个综合性的工程。
二、信息管理信息系统的主要功能1. 信息收集：通过各种方式获取信息，如网络搜索、数据采集等，将信息汇总到系统中，为后续处理提供数据基础。
2. 信息存储：将收集到的信息进行分类、整理和存储，建立数据仓库或数据库，便于后续查询和使用。
3. 信息处理：对存储的信息进行加工和处理，包括数据清洗、分析、挖掘等操作，得出有价值的结果和结论。
4. 信息传递：将处理后的信息按照需求进行传递和交流，通过邮件、即时通讯、网站发布等方式将信息传递给相关人员。
5. 信息利用：利用处理好的信息资源，进行决策分析、业务运营和知识创新等活动，提高工作效率和质量。
6. 信息安全：确保信息的机密性、完整性和可用性，采取各种安全技术和措施，防止信息泄露和非法访问。
三、信息管理信息系统的应用领域信息管理信息系统广泛应用于各个行业和领域，如企业管理、医疗卫生、教育科研、金融保险、物流运输等。
以企业管理为例，信息管理信息系统可以协助企业进行市场调研、生产计划、供应链管理、人力资源等方面的工作。
在医疗卫生领域，信息系统可以帮助医院管理患者信息、医疗资源和医疗设备等，提高医疗效率和服务质量。
在教育领域，信息系统可以用于学生管理、教学资源共享和在线教育等方面的工作，提供个性化学习和培训服务。
信息系统项目管理师九大管理体系
项目管理知识体系（九大管理）1.项目整体管理INPUT1.1制定项目章程TOOL OUTPUT1、合同（如果适用）1、项目选择方法1、项目章程2、项目工作说明书2、项目管理方法系3、事业环境因素3、项目管理信息系统4、组织过程资产4、专家判断1.2制定项目初步范围说明书1、项目章程1、项目管理方法系1、项目初步范围说明书2、项目工作说明书2、项目管理信息系统3、事业环境因素3、专家判断4、组织过程资产1.3制定项目管理计划1、项目初步范围说明书1、项目管理方法系1、项目管理计划*范围管理计划2、项目管理各过程2、项目管理信息系统*进度管理计划*费用管理计划3、事业环境因素3、专家判断*质量管理计划*过程改进计划4、组织过程资产*人员配备管理计划*沟通管理计划*风险管理计划*采购管理计划1.4指导与管理项目执行1、项目管理计划1、项目管理方法系1、可交付成果2、批准的纠正措施2、项目管理信息系统2、请求的变更3、批准的预防措施3、实施的变更请求4、批准的变更申请4、实施的纠正措施5、批准的缺陷补救5、实施的预防措施6、确认的缺陷补救6、实施的缺陷补救7、行政收尾程序7、工作绩效信息1.5监控项目工作1、项目管理计划1、项目管理方法系1、推荐的纠正措施2、工作绩效信息2、项目管理信息系统2、推荐的预防措施3、否决的变更请求3、实现价值技术3、预测4、专家判断4、推荐的缺陷补救5、请求的变更1.6整体变更控制1、项目管理计划1、项目管理方法系1、批准的变更请求2、请求的变更2、项目管理信息系统2、否决的变更请求3、工作绩效信息3、专家判断3、项目管理计划（更新）4、推荐的预防措施5、推荐的纠正措施4、项目范围说明书（更新）5、批准的纠正措施6、推荐的缺陷补救6、批准的预防措施7、可交付成果7、批准的缺陷补救8、确认的缺陷补救9、可交付成果1.7 项目收尾1、项目管理计划1、项目管理方法系1、行政收尾程序2、合同文件2、项目管理信息系统2、合同收尾程序3、事业环境因素3、专家判断3、最终产品、服务或成果4、组织过程资产4、组织过程资产（更新）5、工作绩效信息6、可交付成果2.项目范围管理 2.1 范围规划1、事业环境因素1、专家判断1、项目范围管理计划2、组织过程资产2、样板、表格与标准3、项目章程4、项目初步范围说明书5、项目管理计划2.2 范围定义1、组织过程资产1、产品分析1、项目范围说明书2、项目章程2、其它方案识别2、请求的变更3、项目初步范围说明3、专家判断3、项目范围管理计划（更新）4、项目范围管理计划4、利害关系者分析5、批准的变更请求2.3 制作工作分解结构1、组织过程资产1、工作分解结构样板1、项目范围说明书（更新）2、项目范围说明书2、分解2、工作分解结构3、项目范围管理计划3、工作分解结构词汇表4、批准的变更请求4、范围基准5、项目范围管理计划（更新）6、请求的变更2.4 范围核实1、项目范围说明书1、检查1、验收的可交付成果2、工作分解结构词汇表2、请求的变更3、项目范围管理计划3、推荐的纠正措施4、可交付成果2.5 范围控制1、项目范围说明书1、变更控制系统1、项目范围说明书（更新）2、工作分解结构2、偏差分析2、工作分解结构（更新）3、工作分解结构词汇表3、补充计划3、工作分解结构词汇表（更新）4、项目范围管理计划4、配置管理系统4、范围基准（更新）5、绩效报告6、批准的变更请求5、请求的变更6、推荐的纠正措施7、工作绩效信息7、组织过程资产（更新）8、项目管理计划（更新）3.项目时间管理 3.1 活动定义1、事业环境因素1、分解1、活动清单2、组织过程资产2、样板2、活动属性3、项目范围说明书3、滚动式规划3、里程碑清单4、工作分解结构4、专家判断4、请求的变更5、工作分解结构词汇表5、规划组成部分6、项目管理计划3.2 活动排序1、项目范围说明书1、前导图法 PDM1、项目进度网络图2、活动清单2、箭线图法 ADM2、活动清单（更新）3、活动属性3、进度网络样板3、活动属性（更新）4、里程碑清单4、确定依赖关系4、请求的变更5、批准的变更请求5、超前与滞后3.3 活动资源估算1、事业环境因素1、专家判断1、活动资源要求2、组织过程资产2、多方案分析2、活动属性（更新）3、活动清单3、出版的估算数据3、资源分解结构4、活动属性4、项目管理软件4、资源日历（更新）5、资源可利用情况5、自下而上估算5、请求的变更6、项目管理计划3.4 活动持续时间估算1、事业环境因素1、专家评定1、活动历时估算2、组织过程资产2、类比估算法2、活动属性更新3、项目范围说明书3、参数估算4、活动清单4、三点估算5、活动属性5、储备分析6、活动资源要求7、资源日历8、项目管理计划*风险登记册*活动费用估算3.5 制定进度计划1、组织过程资产1、进度网络分析1、项目进度表2、项目范围说明书2、关键路径法2、进度模型数据3、活动清单3、进度压缩3、进度基准4、活动属性4、假设情景分析4、资源要求（更新）5、项目进度网络图5、资源平衡5、活动属性（更新）6、活动资源要求6、关键连法6、项目日历（更新）7、资源日历8、活动持续时间估算9、项目管理计划*风险登记册7、项目管理软件8、应用日历9、调整时间提前与滞后量10、进度模型7、请求的变更8、项目管理计划（更新）*进度管理计划（更新）3.6 进度控制1、进度管理计划1、进度报告1、进度模型数据（更新）2、进度基准2、进度变更控制系统2、进度基准（更新）3、绩效报告3、绩效衡量3、绩效衡量4、批准的变更请求4、项目管理软件4、请求的变更5、偏差分析5、推荐的纠正措施6、进度比较甘特图6、组织过程资产（更新）7、活动清单（更新）8、活动属性（更新）9、项目管理计划（更新）4.项目费用管理 4.1 费用估算1、事业环境因素1、类比估算1、活动费用估算2、组织过程资产2、确定资源费率2、活动费用估算支持细节3、项目范围说明书3、自下而上估算3、请求的变更4、工作分解结构4、参数估算4、费用管理计划（更新）5、工作分解结构词汇表5、项目管理软件6、项目管理计划6、供货商投标分析*进度管理计划7、准备金分析*人员配备管理计划8、质量成本*风险登记册4.2 费用预算1、项目范围说明书1、费用汇总1、费用基准2、工作分解结构2、储备金分析2、项目资金要求3、工作分解结构词汇表3、参数估算3、项目管理计划（更新）4、活动费用估算5、活动费用估算支持细节4、资金限制平衡4、请求的变更6、项目进度表7、资源日历8、合同9、费用管理计划4.3 费用控制1、费用基准1、费用变更控制系统1、费用估算（更新）2、项目资金需求2、绩效衡量分析2、费用基准（更新）3、绩效报告3、预测3、绩效衡量4、工作绩效信息4、项目绩效审核4、预测完工5、批准的变更申请5、项目管理软件5、请求的变更6、项目管理计划6、偏差管理6、推荐的纠正措施7、组织过程资产（更新）8、项目管理计划（更新）5.项目质量管理 5.1 质量规划1、事业环境因素1、成本效益分析1、质量管理计划2、组织过程资产2、基准对照2、质量测量指标3、项目范围说明书3、实验设计3、质量核对表4、项目管理计划4、质量成本（COQ）4、过程改进计划5、其它质量规划工具5、质量基准6、项目管理计划（更新）5.2 实施质量保证1、质量管理计划1、质量规划工具和技术1、请求的变更2、质量控制测量结果2、质量审计2、推荐的纠正措施3、过程改进计划3、过程分析3、组织过程资产（更新）4、工作绩效信息4、质量控制工具和技术4、项目管理计划（更新）5、批准的变更请求6、质量控制衡量7、实施的变更请求8、实施的纠正措施9、实施的缺陷补救10、实施的预防措施5.3 实施质量控制1、质量管理计划1、因果图1、质量控制衡量2、质量测量指标2、控制图2、确认的缺陷补救3、质量核对表3、流程图3、质量基准（更新）4、组织过程资产4、直方图4、推荐的纠正措施5、工作绩效信息5、帕累托图5、推荐的预防措施6、批准的变更请求6、趋势图6、请求的变更7、可交付成果7、散点图7、推荐的缺陷补救8、统计抽样8、组织过程资产（更新）9、检查9、确认的可交付成果10、缺陷补救审查10、项目管理计划（更新）6.项目人力资源管理 6.1 人力资源规划1、事业环境因素1、组织机构图和岗位描述1、角色和职责2、组织过程资产2、交际2、项目组织图3、组织理论3、人员配备管理计划3、项目管理计划*活动资源需求6.2 项目团队组建1、事业环境因素1、预分配1、项目人员分配2、组织过程资产2、谈判2、资源可利用情况3、角色和责任3、招募3、人员分配管理计划（更新）4、项目组织图4、虚拟团队5、人员配备管理计划6.3 项目团队建设1、项目人员分配1、通用管理技能1、团队绩效评估2、人员配备管理计划2、培训3、资源可利用情况3、团队建设活动4、规则5、集中办公6、奖励与表彰6.4 项目团队管理1、组织过程资产1、观察与交谈1、请求的变更2、项目人员分配2、项目绩效考核2、推荐的纠正措施3、角色和责任3、冲突管理3、推荐的预防措施4、项目组织图4、问题登记簿4、组织过程资产（更新）5、人员配备管理计划5、项目管理计划（更新）6、团队绩效考核7、工作绩效信息8、绩效报告7.项目沟通管理7.1 沟通规划1、事业环境因素1、沟通需求分析1、沟通管理计划2、组织过程资产2、沟通技术3、项目管理计划*制约因素*假设7.2 信息发布1、沟通管理计划1、沟通技能1、组织过程资产（更新）2、信息收集和检索系统2、请求的变更3、信息发布系统4、经验教训总结过程7.3 绩效报告1、工作绩效信息1、信息演示工具1、绩效报告2、绩效衡量2、绩效信息收集和汇总2、预测3、完工预测3、状态审查会3、请求的变更4、质量控制衡量4、工时汇报系统4、推荐的纠正措施5、项目管理计划5、费用汇报系统5、组织过程资产（更新）*绩效衡量基准6、批准的变更请求7、可交付成果7.4 利害关系者管理1、沟通管理计划1、沟通方法1、问题得以解决2、组织过程资产2、问题登记簿2、批准的变更申请3、批准的纠正措施4、组织过程资产（更新）8.项目风险管理8.1风险管理规划1、事业环境因素2、组织过程资产3、项目管理计划8.2风险识别1、事业环境因素2、组织过程资产3、项目范围说明书4、风险管理计划5、项目管理计划8.3定性风险分析1、组织过程资产2、项目范围说明书3、风险管理计划4、风险登记册8.4定量风险分析1、组织过程资产2、项目范围说明书3、风险管理计划4、风险登记册5、项目管理计划*项目进度管理计划*项目费用管理计划8.5风险应对计划编制1、风险管理计划2、风险登记册1、规划会议和分析1、文件审查2、信息搜集技术3、核对表分析4、假设分析5、图解技术1、风险概率和影响评估2、概率/影响风险评估矩阵3、风险数据质量评估4、风险分类5、风险紧迫性评估1、数据收集和表示技术2、定量风险分析和模型技术1、消极风险或威胁的应对策略2、积极风险或机会的应对策略5、项目管理计划（更新）1、风险管理计划1、风险登记册1、风险登记册（更新）1、风险登记册（更新）1、风险登记册（更新）2、项目管理计划（更新）8.6风险监督和控制3、威胁或机会的应对策略 3、与风险相关的合同协议4、应急应对策略9.项目采购管理1、风险管理计划2、风险登记册3、批准的变更请求4、工作绩效信息5、绩效报告9.1采购规划1、风险再评估2、风险审计3、偏差和趋势分析4、技术绩效衡量5、储备金分析6、状态审查会1、风险登记册（更新）2、请求的变更3、推荐的纠正措施4、推荐的预防措施5、组织过程资产（更新）6、项目管理计划（更新）1、事业环境因素1、自制-外购分析1、采购管理计划2、组织过程资产2、专家判断2、工作说明书SOW3、项目范围说明书3、合同类型3、自制或外购决策4、请求的变更4、工作分解结构5、工作分解结构词汇表6、项目管理计划*风险登记册*与风险相关的合同协议*资源要求*项目进度计划*活动费用估算*费用基准9.2发包规划1、采购管理计划1、标准表格1、采购文件2、合同工作说明书SOW 2、专家判断2、评估标准3、自制或外购决策3、合同工作说明书（更新）4、项目管理计划*风险登记册*与风险相关的合同协议*资源要求*项目进度计划*活动费用估算*费用基准9.3 询价1、组织过程资产1、投标人会议1、合格卖方清单2、采购管理计划2、广告2、采购文件包3、采购文件3、制定合格卖方清单3、建议书9.4 卖方选择1、组织过程资产1、加权系统1、选中的卖方2、采购管理计划2、独立估算2、合同变更3、评估标准3、筛选系统3、合同管理计划4、采购文件包4、合同谈判4、资源可利用情况5、建议书5、卖方评级系统5、采购管理计划(更新)6、合格卖方清单6、专家判断6、请求的变更7、项目管理计划7、建议书评估技术*风险登记册*与风险相关的合同协议9.5 合同管理1、合同1、合同变更控制系统1、合同文件2、合同管理计划2、卖方进行的绩效审核2、请求的变更3、选中的卖方3、检验和审计3、推荐的纠正措施4、绩效报告4、绩效报告4、组织过程资产（更新）5、批准的变更申请6、工作绩效信息5、支付系统6、索赔管理7、合同档案管理系统8、信息技术5、项目管理计划(更新)*采购管理计划*合同管理计划9.6 合同收尾1、采购管理计划1、采购审计1、合同收尾2、合同管理计划3、合同文件2、合同档案管理系统2、组织过程资产（更新）4、合同收尾程序。
信息管理系统概述
使用自然语言处理技术对文本进行分析和处理， 如文本分类、情感分析等。
专家系统
基于人工智能的专家系统能够利用推理机制来解 决特定领域的问题。
信息管理系统的设
04
计与实施
信息管理系统的规划与设计
确定信息管理系统的目标和战 略
在规划与设计信息管理系统时，首先要明 确系统的目标和战略，确保与组织战略一 致。
02
数据库设计
信息管理系统通常需要设计一个合理 的数据库模型，以支持系统的业务需 求和功能。
03
数据库查询语言
关系型数据库使用SQL（结构化查询 语言）来查询、插入、更新和删除数 据。
网络技术
01
02
03
网络架构
信息管理系统通常基于互 联网或局域网，采用客户服务器或浏览器-服务器架 构。
网络协议
信息管理系统常用的协议 包括HTTP、TCP/IP、 SMTP、FTP等。
设计系统的架构和模块
进行需求分析
通过深入了解用户需求，确定系统的功能 需求、性能需求和安全需求。
制定系统标准和规范
根据需求分析结果，规划系统的整体架构 、功能模块和数据结构。
为确保系统的规范化和标准化，应制定相 应的系统标准和规范。
信息管理系统的实施步骤
系统开发与集成
根据规划与设计结果，进行系统的开 发与集成。
运输效率和安全性。
物流管理系统
结合GPS和信息系统技术，可以对 货物的运输过程进行实时监控和管 理，提高物流效率和准确性。
人员定位系统
利用GPS技术，可以对人员进行实 时定位和追踪，适用于需要密切关 注人员位置的场所，如矿井、养老 院等。
工作流管理信息系统
工作流管理软件
管理信息系统(第9版)精要版原书英文版题库答案第1章
Essentials of Management Information Systems, 9e (Laudon/Laudon)Chapter 1 Business Information Systems in Your Career1) Internet advertising is growing at a rate of more than 30 percent a year.Answer: FALSEDiff: 3 Page Ref: 6AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension2) A business model describes how a company produces, delivers, and sells a product or service to create wealth.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 11AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension3) Information technology (IT) consists of all the hardware that a firm needs to use in order to achieve its business objectives, whereas information systems consist of all the hardware and software needed.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 13AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension4) Computers are only part of an information system.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 14AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension5) Information systems literacy describes the behavioral approach to information systems, while computer literacy describes the technical approach.Answer: FALSEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 15AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension6) The dimensions of information systems are people, organizations, and information technology.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 15AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension7) In order to understand how a specific business firm uses information systems, you need to know something about the history and culture of the company.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 15AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension8) Developing a new product, fulfilling an order, or hiring a new employee are all examples of business processes.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 16AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension9) Business processes are those logically related tasks for accomplishing tasks that have been formally encoded by an organization.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 16AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension10) Employee attitudes about their jobs, employers, or technology can have a powerful effect on their abilities to use information systems productively.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 16AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension11) A network requires at least three computers and a shared resource.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 17AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension12) An IT infrastructure provides the platform on which the firm can build its information systems.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 17AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension13) UPS's use of Web-based tools that allow customers to embed UPS functions such as tracking and cost calculations into their own Web sites was an information systems solution used to achieve customer intimacy.Answer: TRUEDiff: 3 Page Ref: 18AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Comprehension14) Identifying a problem includes agreeing that a problem exists.Answer: TRUEDiff: 1 Page Ref: 21AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension15) Political conflict is an example of the people dimension of business problems.Answer: FALSEDiff: 3 Page Ref: 22AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension16) As a result of new public laws, accountants are beginning to perform more technical duties, such as auditing systems and networks.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 25AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension17) Forensic accounting is used to investigate bankruptcies and contract disputes.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 25AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension18) An understanding of enterprise-wide systems for customer relationship management is one of the skills relevant to careers in marketing.Answer: TRUEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 26AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension19) Whereas marketing and financial careers have been transformed by the growth in information systems, management has–so far–remained relatively unaffected.Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 26AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension20) There are two types of outsourcing: offshore outsourcing and foreign outsourcing. Answer: FALSEDiff: 2 Page Ref: 28AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension21) As discussed in the chapter opening case, the Yankees' use of information systems in their new stadium can be seen as an effort to achieve which of the primary business objectives?A) Operational excellenceB) SurvivalC) Customer and supplier intimacyD) Improved decision makingAnswer: ADiff: 3 Page Ref: 3-4AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize22) Journalist Thomas Friedman's description of the world as "flat" referred to:A) the flattening of economic and cultural advantages of developed countries.B) the use of the Internet and technology for instantaneous communication.C) the reduction in travel times and the ubiquity of global exchange and travel.D) the growth of globalization.Answer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 9AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension23) The six important business objectives of information technology are: new products, services, and business models; customer and supplier intimacy; improved decision-making; competitive advantage; operational excellence, and:A) flexibility.B) survival.C) improved business practices.D) improved efficiency.Answer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 10AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension24) The use of information systems because of necessity describes the business objective of:A) survival.B) improved business practices.C) competitive advantage.D) improved flexibility.Answer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 12AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension25) Which of the following choices may lead to competitive advantage (1) new products, services, and business models; (2) charging less for superior products; (3) responding to customers in real-time?A) 1 onlyB) 1 and 2C) 2 and 3D) 1, 2, and 3Answer: DDiff: 3 Page Ref: 12AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of compare26) Verizon's implementation of a Web-based digital dashboard to provide managers withreal-time information such as customer complaints is an example of:A) improved flexibility.B) improved decision-making.C) improved efficiency.D) customer and supplier intimacy.Answer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 12AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize27) The move of retail banking to use ATMs after Citibank unveiled its first ATMs illustrates the information system business objective of:A) improved efficiency.B) customer and supplier intimacy.C) survival.D) competitive advantage.Answer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 12AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize28) An information system can be defined technically as a set of interrelated components that collect (or retrieve), process, store, and distribute information to support:A) decision making and control in an organization.B) communications and data flow.C) managers analyzing the organization's raw data.D) the creation of new products and services.Answer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 13AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension29) The three activities in an information system that produce the information organizations use to control operations are:A) information retrieval, research, and analysis.B) input, output, and feedback.C) input, processing, and output.D) data analysis, processing, and feedback.Answer: CDiff: 1 Page Ref: 14AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension30) Order data for baseball tickets and bar code data are examples of:A) raw input.B) raw output.C) customer and product data.D) sales information.Answer: ADiff: 1 Page Ref: 14AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize31) The average number of tickets sold daily online is an example of:A) input.B) raw data.C) meaningful information.D) output.Answer: CDiff: 1 Page Ref: 14AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize32) Output:A) is feedback that has been processed to create meaningful information.B) is information that is returned to appropriate members of the organization to help them evaluate the input stage.C) transfers raw data to the people who will use it or to the activities for which it will be used.D) transfers processed information to the people who will use it or to the activities for which it will be used.Answer: DDiff: 1 Page Ref: 14AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension33) Converting raw data into a more meaningful form is called:A) capturing.B) processing.C) organizing.D) feedback.Answer: BDiff: 1 Page Ref: 14AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension34) An example of raw data from a national chain of automobile stores would be:A) average of 13 Toyotas sold daily in Kentucky in 2007.B) 300 Toyota RAV4s sold during fourth quarter 2007 in Kentucky.C) 1 Toyota RAV4 sold January 7, 2008 in Louisville, Kentucky - $28000.D) annual sales of Toyota RAV4s increased 2.4 percent.Answer: CDiff: 3 Page Ref: 14AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize35) Electronic computers and related software programs are the technical foundation, the tools and materials, of:A) all business procedures.B) information accumulation.C) modern information systems.D) all industrialized countries.Answer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 14-15AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension36) The field that deals with behavioral issues as well as technical issues surrounding the development, use, and impact of information systems used by managers and employees in the firm is called:A) information systems literacy.B) information systems architecture.C) management information systems.D) information technology infrastructure.Answer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 15AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension37) A hierarchy:A) results in a clear-cut division of labor.B) is composed primarily of experts trained for different functions.C) is a pyramid structure of rising authority and responsibility.D) is used primarily in large organizations to define job roles.Answer: CDiff: 1 Page Ref: 15AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension38) In a hierarchical organization, the upper levels consist of:A) managerial and professional workers.B) managerial, professional, and technical workers.C) professional and operational workers.D) managerial, professional, and operational workers.Answer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 15-16AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension39) The fundamental set of assumptions, values, and ways of doing things that has been accepted by most of a company's members is called its:A) culture.B) environment.C) atmosphere.D) values.Answer: ADiff: 1 Page Ref: 16AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension40) Business processes:A) include informal work practices.B) are used primarily for sales and accounting functions.C) are governed by information technology.D) are logically related tasks used primarily by operational personnel.Answer: ADiff: 1 Page Ref: 16AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension41) Data management technology consists of:A) the physical hardware and media used by an organization for storing data.B) the detailed, preprogrammed instructions that control and coordinate the computer hardware components in an information system.C) the software governing the organization of data on physical storage media.D) the hardware and software used to transfer data.Answer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 17AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension42) The hardware and software used to transfer data in an organization is called:A) data management technology.B) networking and data management technology.C) data and telecommunications technology.D) networking and telecommunications technology.Answer: DDiff: 2 Page Ref: 17AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension43) An intranet uses:A) mainframe technology.B) infrared telecommunications systems.C) the telecommunications capacities of fiber optic networks.D) Internet technology within the boundaries of the firm.Answer: DDiff: 2 Page Ref: 17AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Comprehension44) The first step in the four-step model of business problem solving is:A) agreeing that a problem exists.B) identifying the problem.C) outlining the problem's causes.D) assigning the problem to a problem solver.Answer: BDiff: 1 Page Ref: 21AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension45) Inadequate database capacity is an example of the ________ dimension of business problems.A) technologyB) organizationalC) peopleD) managementAnswer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 20AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize46) Legal and regulatory compliance is an example of the ________ dimension of business problems.A) managementB) organizationalC) peopleD) technologyAnswer: CDiff: 3 Page Ref: 22AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize47) Aging hardware and outdated software are examples of the ________ dimension of business problems.A) technologyB) managementC) information systemsD) organizationalAnswer: ADiff: 1 Page Ref: 22AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize48) Poor business processes and unsupportive culture are examples of the ________ dimension of business problems.A) managementB) organizationalC) peopleD) infrastructureAnswer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 22AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize49) The owners of Speed-EZ, a new bike messenger service, are concerned about how they will manage their messengers once they have left the office. This is a business problem that falls into the:A) management dimension.B) people dimension.C) organizational dimension.D) technology dimension.Answer: BDiff: 3 Page Ref: 20AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize50) Flapjack Flats, a new pancake chain, is having difficulty finding pancake chefs. This is a business problem that falls into the:A) management dimension.B) people dimension.C) organizational dimension.D) technical dimension.Answer: CDiff: 3 Page Ref: 22AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize51) In choosing the best solution for a business problem, one of the most important considerations is:A) change management.B) existing resources and skills.C) employee training.D) outcome measurement.Answer: BDiff: 3 Page Ref: 22AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Synthesis in terms of predicting52) The final step in the four-step model of business problem solving is:A) outcome.B) implementation.C) change management.D) feedback.Answer: BDiff: 1 Page Ref: 22AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension53) Which of the following would not be considered part of the implementation phase of problem solving?A) change managementB) purchasing hardware for an information systems solutionC) training an employee on new systems softwareD) evaluating a selection of software packages for implementing a new business process Answer: DDiff: 2 Page Ref: 22-23AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize54) The failure of NASA's initial solution to preventing the space shuttle shedding foam illustrates:A) the importance of training employees on new business processes.B) the need to prepare for measuring outcomes of a business solution.C) the continuous nature of problem solving.D) the need to quickly adapt to new technological innovations.Answer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 23AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of compare55) One of the most frequent errors in problem solving is:A) rushing to judgment.B) not being aware of personal limitations.C) being too doubtful.D) following a rote pattern of decision making.Answer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 23AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension56) A major criterion in deciding the most important perspectives of a business problem is:A) implementation.B) change management.C) usefulness.D) organizational needs.Answer: CDiff: 3 Page Ref: 24AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension57) Which of the following is an example of a business using information systems to create new products and services?A) Apple's creation of the iPodB) JC Penney's information system that allows its contract manufacturers to see what garments have been sold and need to be replacedC) Toyota's legendary TPS that has created superlative efficiencies and enabled Toyota to become the world's largest auto makerD) Verizon's Web-based digital dashboard providing real-time company information for managersAnswer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 11AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize58) An example of a business using information systems to attain competitive advantage is:A) Apple's creation of the iPod.B) JC Penney's information system that allows its contract manufacturers to see what garments have been sold and need to be replaced.C) Toyota's legendary TPS that has created superlative efficiencies and enabled Toyota to become the world's largest auto maker.D) Verizon's Web-based digital dashboard providing real-time company information for managers.Answer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 12AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize59) An example of a business using information systems for customer and supplier intimacy is:A) Apple's creation of the iPod.B) JC Penney's information system that allows its contract manufacturers to see what garments have been sold and need to be replaced.C) Toyota's legendary TPS that has created superlative efficiencies and enabled Toyota to become the world's largest auto maker.D) Verizon's Web-based digital dashboard providing real-time company information for managers.Answer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 11AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize60) An information skill important for an accounting major would be:A) an understanding of system and network security issues.B) an understanding of product management enterprise systems.C) an understanding of supplier management enterprise systems.D) an understanding of enterprise systems that enhance leadership.Answer: ADiff: 3 Page Ref: 25AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension61) An information skill important for a marketing major would be:A) an understanding of system and network security issues.B) an understanding of product management enterprise systems.C) an understanding of supplier management enterprise systems.D) an understanding of enterprise systems that enhance leadership.Answer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 26AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension62) Maintaining the organization's financial records is a business function of:A) accounting.B) financeC) salesD) marketing.Answer: ADiff: 1 Page Ref: 25AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension63) Branding products is a business function of:A) manufacturing and production.B) finance and accounting.C) human resources.D) marketing.Answer: DDiff: 1 Page Ref: 26AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension64) To make sure they stock clothes that their customers will purchase, a department store implements a new application that analyzes spending levels at their stores and cross-references this data to popular clothing styles. This is an example of using information systems to support a business strategy of:A) new products, services, and business models.B) survival.C) customer and supplier intimacy.D) improved decision making.Answer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 11AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of categorize65) Financial managers work directly with ________ to ensure investments in information systems help achieve corporate goals.A) operations managersB) senior managersC) marketing managersD) accounting managersAnswer: BDiff: 2 Page Ref: 26AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension66) Operations management as a discipline is directly relevant to three occupational categories:A) industrial production managers, operations analysts, and administrative service managers.B) project managers, production managers, and administrative service managers.C) project managers, production managers, and industrial production managers.D) finance, accounting, and management.Answer: ADiff: 2 Page Ref: 26-27AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension67) Assume you work for a package delivery service in a major metropolitan area, and that the business has been losing customers for several years. You have been asked to find a solution to this problem, perhaps one which uses modern information technologies. What is the correct way to proceed?A) Look for solutions, evaluate the solutions, identify the problem more clearly, and then implement the solution.B) Think about what solutions can be implemented, look for solution designs, evaluate the designs, and then implement the solution.C) Identify the problem, design alternative solutions, choose the best solution, and then implement the solution.D) Design solutions, evaluate and identify the problems, choose the best solution, and then implement the solution.Answer: CDiff: 2 Page Ref: 20-21AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Analysis in terms of organizing68) Which of the following statements is not true?A) The most common and successful offshore outsourcing projects involve production programming and system maintenance programming work, along with call center work.B) Inflation in Indian wages for technology work is leading to a counter movement of jobs back to the United States.C) The fear that offshore outsourcing will reduce demand for new information system hires in the U.S. is mitigated by the fact that reduced IT expenditures results in increased IT investments and the creation of domestic jobs.D) The impact of domestic IT outsourcing has been very disruptive to some regional areas of the U.S.Answer: DDiff: 2 Page Ref: 28AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension69) The culture of UPS places service to the customer among the company's highest business objectives, which is reflected in their use of information systems to enable customer tracking of their packages. Based on your reading of Chapter 1, why is "culture" an important factor to consider when building information system solutions to business problems?A) Business culture has to be synchronized with new technology.B) The business culture provides the vision and inspiration for information system solutions.C) People are a company's most important asset.D) Businesses without culture do not understand new technology.Answer: BDiff: 3 Page Ref: 15-16AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Evaluation in terms of assess70) Based on your reading of the case discussing mobile handhelds, Doylestown Hospital's use of iPhones is an example of using information systems to enhance which of the following generic business objectives?A) SurvivalB) New products, services, and business modelsC) Improved decision makingD) Customer and supplier intimacyAnswer: CDiff: 3 Page Ref: 8AACSB: Analytic SkillsCASE: Evaluation in terms of categorize71) ________ is data that has been shaped into a form that is meaningful to human beings. Answer: InformationDiff: 1 Page Ref: 13AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension72) ________ is output returned to appropriate members of the organization to help them evaluate or correct the input stage.Answer: FeedbackDiff: 2 Page Ref: 14AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension73) The world's largest and most widely used network is ________.Answer: the InternetDiff: 1 Page Ref: 17AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension74) ________ consists of the detailed, preprogrammed instructions that control and coordinate the computer hardware components in an information system.Answer: Computer software/softwareDiff: 1 Page Ref: 17AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension75) The ________ is a service provided by the Internet that uses universally accepted standards for storing, retrieving, formatting, and displaying information in a page format.Answer: World Wide Web/Web/WWWDiff: 1 Page Ref: 17AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension76) ________ are private corporate networks extended to authorized users outside the organization.Answer: ExtranetsDiff: 1 Page Ref: 17AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension77) In business problem solving, the three major categories of factors are organization, technology, and ________.Answer: peopleDiff: 2 Page Ref: 20AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension78) Having inadequate resources is a business problem that falls into the ________ dimension. Answer: organizationalDiff: 3 Page Ref: 22AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension79) Encouraging employees to adapt to new business processes is one factor of ________. Answer: change managementDiff: 3 Page Ref: 23AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension80) Being aware of organizational and personal limitations is one of the four elements of________.Answer: critical thinking.Diff: 2 Page Ref: 23AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Comprehension81) Define operational excellence. How can information systems help achieve it?Answer: Operational excellence is the achievement of higher levels of productivity and efficiency. Information systems can help achieve operational excellence by improving communications to supplier and optimizing the supply chain. Information systems could help managers communicate with workers more efficiently, enable technological innovation in products, minimize warehouse overhead, streamline distribution.Diff: 2 Page Ref: 10-11AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Synthesis in terms of devising82) You work for an auto manufacturer and distributor. How could you use information systems to achieve greater customer intimacy?Answer: You could create a web site that allows customers to customize cars, communicate with support personnel and other car owners. You could create an automated e-mail service reminding car owners to take their car in for periodic check ups. You could have an information system that tracks customer preferences in local areas, so you can provide cars that reflect local customer needs and desires.Diff: 2 Page Ref: 11-12AACSB: Reflective ThinkingCASE: Synthesis in terms of applying83) What important managerial function is impaired by not having access to timely and accurate information? What is the effect of this lack of data?Answer: The managerial function is decision-making. Without access to timely and accurate information business managers rely on forecasts, best guesses, and luck. The result is over- or underproduction of goods and services, misallocation of resources, and poor response times. These poor outcomes raise costs and lose customers.Diff: 2 Page Ref: 12AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Evaluation in terms of justify84) What is the difference between information technology and information systems? Describe some of the functions of information systems.Answer: Information technology (IT) consists of all the hardware and software that a firm needs to use in order to achieve its business objectives. Information systems are more complex. An information system can be defined technically as a set of interrelated components that collect (or retrieve), process, store, and distribute information to support decision making and control in an organization.The functions of an information system are to support decision making, coordination, and control; help employees analyze problems; help employees visualize complex subjects; and help create new products.Diff: 2 Page Ref: 13AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Synthesis in terms of applying, generalizing85) You are a marketing manager for a national movie theater chain. Give an example of data that your department could use for creating meaningful information. What type of information could that data produce?Answer: Movie ticket sales from individual theaters would be an example of raw data. Meaningful information from this would be: average number of tickets sold to seniors on certain days of the week.Diff: 1 Page Ref: 13-14AACSB: Use of ITCASE: Synthesis in terms of devising。
管理信息系统 第9章练习有答案
第九章面向对象的系统开发方法9.。
1 单向选择题1．。
面向对象技术中，对已有实例稍作修改生成新实例的机制被称为（）A．。
委托 B。
代理C．。
继承 D。
封装2．。
UML是一种面向对象的统一建模语言。
它包含若干种图，其中，用例图展示了外部actor 与系统所提供用例之间的连接，UML中的外部actor是指（）A..人员B..单位C..人员或单位D..人员或外部系统3..UML中用例可以用（）图来描述.A..类B..状态C..活动D..协作4..协作图描述了协作的（）之间的交互和连接,他画成对像图的形式.A.,.对象B..类C..用例D..状态5..在使用UML建模时,若要描述跨多个用例的单个对象行为,用（）最合适.A.协作图B..序列图C..活动图D..状态图9.4 问答题1..与传统开发方法相比,面向对象的系统开发方法主要解决了哪些问题?2..试述消息的目的及消息运作远离.3..市属UMLde主要内容.4..为神马面向对象系统开发过程需要如此多的图形工具来支持?第九章参考答案9.1 单向选择题参考答案1..C2..D3..C4..A5..D9.4 问答题参考答案1..答解决了两大问题:首先是传统的系统模型之中除了分离的信息和功能模型,行为模型显得越来越需要建立 ,而现有的工具无法检查和验证信息和功能模型联合起来的一致性和精确度.其次是如何从分析平滑的过度到设计的问题.2..答消息是对象之间的一种通信机制,目的是帮助一个类或对象执行责任.一个类或对对象类通过消息像另一方提出执行另一方特定服务的请求斌且获得反馈或返回.3..答UML 包括一些相互组合图表的图元素,可以及组合这些元素的法规.各种图元素是UML展示某个元素的多个视图,这些图描述了系统的组成结构及功能结构,UML还组织和提供这些图的方法 .多个视图组成一个模型（model）,系统的UML 模型有点像建筑物按照比例缩小并经修饰后的建筑模型.从组成结构角度看,UML 包括类图、对象图、用例图、顺序图、状态图、活动图、协作图、组建图和包图等若干种图元素.4..答。
信息管理系统_系统说明书
信息管理系统_系统说明书信息管理系统_系统说明书1、引言1.1 目的本文档是为了介绍信息管理系统的功能、特点和使用方法，以帮助用户正确、高效地使用该系统。
1.2 背景信息管理系统是一个用于收集、存储、管理和检索各种类型信息的软件系统。
它可以帮助用户组织大量的信息并进行快速、准确的检索和分析。
2、系统概述2.1 系统简介信息管理系统是一个面向各种行业和领域的通用信息管理软件。
它提供了多种功能和模块，可以满足不同用户的需求。
2.2 主要特点- 数据管理：支持多种类型的数据管理，包括文字、图片、音频、视频等。
- 信息分类：允许用户对信息进行分类和标签化，方便后续的检索和分析。
- 安全性：通过权限控制和数据加密等手段保障信息的安全性。
- 多终端访问：支持多平台、多设备的访问，用户可以随时随地使用系统。
2.3 系统组成信息管理系统由以下几个主要组件组成：- 用户界面：提供用户登录、信息展示和操作的界面。
- 数据管理模块：负责数据的增加、修改、删除和检索等操作。
- 分类管理模块：用于对信息进行分类和标签化。
- 安全管理模块：控制用户权限和信息的访问权限。
- 系统设置模块：允许用户对系统进行配置和个性化设置。
- 报表模块：用于各种类型的报表和统计信息。
3、功能介绍3.1 用户管理- 注册新用户：允许用户注册新账号，并设置登录密码和个人信息。
- 修改个人信息：允许用户更新个人资料，包括姓名、联系方式等。
- 用户权限管理：管理员可以设置用户的权限和角色，控制对系统的访问权限。
3.2 数据管理- 添加信息：用户可以添加新的信息，包括文字、图片以及多媒体文件。
- 修改信息：允许用户对已有信息进行修改和更新。
- 删除信息：用户可以删除不再需要的信息。
- 检索信息：提供快速、准确的检索功能，支持关键词搜索和高级检索。
3.3 分类管理- 创建分类：允许用户创建新的分类，用于对信息进行分类和标签化。
- 编辑分类：用户可以对已有分类进行编辑和修改。
会计信息系统(第9版)其他业务核算与管理
一体化策略
一体化策略-定义凭证模板
一体化策略-定义凭证模板
一体化策略-定义凭证模板
一体化策略-定义凭证模板
• 其他模板（略） • 新增固定资产 • 处置固定资产 • 计提减值准备
一体化策略—生成记账凭证
转账 规则
折旧 清单
确认成本、 费用和累 计折旧的 记账凭证
一体化策略—生成记账凭证
一体化策略—生成记账凭证
总体结构设计
基础设置
固定资产 子系统
日常处理
一体化策略
管理分析
管理分析
管理分析
管理分析
管理分析
借款与报销
借款与报销业务流程
经手人线 上填单
• 费用申请单 • 借款单 • 报销单 • 还款单
领导审批
财务审核
资金收付
生成记账 凭证
• 报销冲借款 • 报销单 • 收付款（银 • 借款单
行接口） • 还款单
日常处理
日常处理
• 固定资产的变动 • 固定资产增加 • 固定资产处置 • 固定资产内部调动 • 固定资产其他变动
• 计提减值准备 • 期初减值准备
日常处理
• 计提减值准备 • 计提减值准备
日常处理
总体结构设计
基础设置
固定资产 子系统
日常处理
一体化策略
管理分析
• 定义凭证模板 • 生成记账凭证
一体化策略-定义凭证模板
一体化策略
• 除“应付职工薪酬-工资”需要设置凭证模板外 • 还需要针对“应付职工薪酬”的其他二级科目（职工福利、 社会保险费、住房公积金、工会经费、职工教育经费等）设 置凭证模板 • 原理与“工资”类似
一体化策略-定义凭证模板
一体化策略—生成记账凭证
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下午4点,电话铃又响：“妈妈,晚上几个同学想来 家里吃饭,你帮准备一下。” (紧急订单) “好的,儿子,你们想吃什?,爸爸晚上也有客人.你 愿意和他个一起吃吗?” “菜你看着办吧,但一定要有西红柿炒鸡蛋.我 们不和大人一起吃,6:30左右回来.” (呵呵,不能并 单处理) “好的,肯定让你们满意。”(订单确认)
送走了所有客人，疲惫的妻子坐在沙发上对丈夫 说：“现在咱们家请客的频率非常高，应该要买些 厨房用品了(设备采购)，最好能再雇个小保姆(连人 力资源系统也有接口了)。”
丈夫：“家里你做主，需要什么你就去办 吧。”(通过审核) 妻子：“还有，最近家里花销太大，用你的私 房钱来补贴一下，好吗?”(哈哈哈哈，最后就是应收 货款的催要)
实施 MRP Ⅱ的效益 MRPⅡ的定量效益
财务分析
资金管理
报表管理
总帐管理 应付管理 应收管理 固定资产 设备管理
工资管理 人力资源
库存管理 采购管理 生产管理 销售管理
分销管理 成本管理 ERP系统的一般构成
决策管理 管理信息化已经大范围应用
生产制造管理
客户 关系 管理
分销 及连 锁零 售管 理
物料需求计划
物料基本数据 主生产调度 计划（MPS）
物料结构表
库存管理数据
毛需求
采购及未付 客户单
物料需求计划
物料需求单
MRP第二阶段
• 70年代：闭环式MRP
– 能适应主计划的改变，又能适应现场情况的 变化，同时加强了各子系统之间的联系
闭环式MRP结构
生产计划 主生产计划 产能负荷分析 可行？ Y 物料需求计划 执行物料需求计划
执行车间作业计划
MRPII系统结构图
产能计划 主生产计划 订单管理
车间作业计划
物料需求计划
物料清单
成本会计
采购管理
库存管理
MRPII系统流程图
指令 计划/ 订单 产品结构与工程设计 需求/预测
主生产计划
物料需求计划
产能需求计划
采购单/工作令开发 采购/验收
仓库管理
作业控制 库存管理 配运管理/成本计算
决定战略管理目标的关 键要素与关键成功因子
• 有效的计划调度：而及时地获取原材料、 辅料的供应情况，市场变动情况，计划 变动情况以及生产实际的进度情况又是 有效的计划调度的关键因子。 • 完好的设备运行状态：这与设备管理和 计划调度的生产任务安排有关。 • 严格的质量检验：这是保证生产管理的 最重要一个环节，这与物料管理和质量 检验方面的业务管理有关。
ERP的功能
• ERP系统是一个面向供应链管理（Supply chain management）的管理信息集成 • 在生产方式管理和事务处理控制方面ERP系统能较好地 适应多品种、小批量生产以及看板式生产组合的混合型 制造环境，较好在满足和支持了企业多元化的要求 • 系统功能模块化 • 采用计算机和网络通信技术的最新成果，实现信息的高 度共享 • ERP系统同企业业务流程再造（Business process reengineering BPR）是密切相关的
第九章
企业资源计划（ERP）
通过一个故事来解读复杂的 ERP
一天中午,丈夫在外给家里打电话：
“老婆,晚上我想带几个同事回家吃饭可以吗?”(订货 意向)。 妻子：“当然可以,来几个人,几点来,想吃什么菜?”
丈夫：“6个人,我们7点左右回来,准备些酒、烤鸭、 西红柿炒蛋、凉菜、蛋花汤……,你看可以吗?”(商务 沟通)
• 提高工艺技术水平：除了技术上的创新 以外，还与基于质量统计分析的持续的 质量改善有关。 • 提高员工的素质水平：包括员工的产品 质量意识，操作水平以及敬业精神。
ERP给企业带来的效益
• 定量的效益 降低库存投资 降低库存量，可以降低20%~35% 降低库存量管理费用：仓库维护费用、管理人员费用、 保险费用、物料损坏和失盗等 减少库存损耗 降低采购成本 提高生产率 提高直接劳动生产率：生产线生产率平均提高5%~10%， 装配线生产率平均提高25%~40% 提高间接劳动生产率：可以提高25% 减少加班：可以减少50%~90%
妻子：“没问题,我会准备好的。”(订单确认)
妻子记录下需要做的菜单(MPS计划),具体要准备 的菜： 鸭酒西红柿鸡蛋油 (BOM物料清单),发现需要：1 只鸭,5瓶酒,4个西红柿 (BOM展开),炒蛋需要6个鸡 蛋,蛋花汤需要4个鸡蛋(共享物料)。 打开冰箱一看(库房),只剩下2个鸡蛋(缺料)。
来到自由市场!
ERP的核心思想
l以供应链管理（SCM，Supply Chain Management）为核心； l 支持精益生产、敏捷制造； l 以企业过程重组（BPR，Business Process Re-engineering） 为基础； l 以价值流分析（Value Flow Analysis）为手段； l 企业资源的全面整合与集成管理； l企业体制创新与管理创新的重要技术平台。
制造企业信息系统
• 指整个生产经营过程中产、供、销、存、 人、财、物的有关信息管理。 • 子模型：
销售、计划、库存、生产、采购以及零件数据、 产品结构和工艺路线等
从MRP 到 ERP II
l 六十年代：狭义的MRP（Material Requirement Planning， 物料需求计划） l 七十年代：闭环的MRP（增加了生产能力需求计划、车间 作业计划和采购作业计划） l 八十年代：MRP II （Manufacturing Resource Planning，制 造资源计划）、JIT（Just In Time，准时制） l 九十年代：ERP （Enterprise Resource Planning，企业资源 计划）、CRM（Custom Relationship Management，客户关 系管理） l二十一世纪：E-business、C-business（协作商务）、ERP II （第二代ERP）、ERP III（第三代ERP）
ERP是一个集计算机技术与管理 技术为一体的系统
• ERP将更加面向市场，包括基于知识的市场预测、订单处理与生产调度、 基于约束调度功能，具有更强的企业优化能力； • ERP将与制造执行系统MES、车间层操作控制系统SFC更紧密地结合，形成 实时化的ERP/MES/SFC系统； • ERP的供应 链管理功能将更强，并进一步面向全球化市场环境，强调供 应商、制造商与分销商之间的新的伙伴关系； • ERP将更好地支持多种不同的制造方式，包括流程制造方式； • ERP的工作流管理功能也将进一步增强，通过工作流实现企业的人员财务、 制造与分销间的集成，并能支持企业经营过程的重组： • ERP纳入了产品数据管理PDM功能，增加了对设计数据与过程的管理，并 进一步加强了生产管理系统与CAD、CAM系统的集成： • 在计算机技术方面，ERP将以客户/服务器分布式结构、多数据库集成与 数据仓库、面向对象方法和Internet/Extranet等到为核心技术。
供应链管理
财务管理 人力资源管理
行政办公管理
ERP(Enterprise Resources Planing)
• ERP 集中体现了现代企业管理的理论和方法 ,ERP 的基本思 想是将企业的业务流程看作是一个紧密联接的供应链,其中 包括供应商（SCM软件）、制造工厂（ERP软件）、分销 网络和客户（CRM软件）等。 • ERP是一种面向企业供应链的管理思想,可对供应链上的所 有环节有效地进行管理如订单、采购、库存、计划、生产 制造、质量控制、运输、分销、服务与维护、财务管理、 投资管理、经营风险管理、决策管理、获利分析、人事管 理、实验室管理、项目管理、配方管理等。
MRPII介绍
• 机械制造业的困难
–生产计划的合理性; –库存的合理管理; –设备的充分利用; – 作业的均衡安排。
MRP第一阶段
• 60年代：物料需求计划（MRP）
– 利用主生产调度（MPS），物料用量单 （BOM），库存和未交货单（OPEN ORDER）等各种资料，经计算得到未来的 物料需求，并进行订单的补充和修改。
6:45,女儿的电话：“妈妈，我想现在带几个朋 友回家吃饭可以吗?”(呵呵,又是紧急订购意向,要求 现货)
“不行呀，女儿，今天妈妈已经需要准备两桌 饭了，时间实在是来不及，真的非常抱歉，下次早 点说，一定给你们准备好。”(哈哈，这就是ERP的 使用局限，要有稳定的外部环境，要有一个起码的 提前期。)
执行车间作业计划
MRP第三阶段
• 80年代：MRPII
– 把材料，人力，资金，设备，时间看成是企 业资源加以管理和控制。除了生产外，还包 括对销售，财务，会计，及成本的处理。能 满足制造业的所有经营及生产活动。称为 “制造业全面资源计划和控制系统”。产能负荷分析 可行？ Y 物料需求计划 财务 管理 执行物料需求计划
MRPⅡ管理模式的特点
• • • • • • 计划的一贯性和可行性 管理系统性 数据共享性 动态应变性 模拟预见性 物流、资金流的统一
• ①降低库存。包括原材料、在制品和产品的库存。如降低库存资金占用 (15％～ 40％)，提高资金周围次数(50％～200％)，降低库存盘点误差(控制在1％～2 ％)。 ②合理利用资源，缩短生产周期，提高劳动生产率。如减少装配面积(10％～30 ％ ) ，减少加班工时 (10 ％～ 50 ％ ) ，减少缺件 (60 ％～ 80 ％ ) ，提高生产率 (5 ％～15％)。 ③按期交货提高客户服务质量。一般按期交货履约率可达 90％以上，接近100％。 ④降低成本。如降低采购费，减少加班费；由于生产周期缩短、库存减少而降低 成本(7％～12％)，增加利润(5％～10％)。 ⑤MRPⅡ系统同财务系统集成，可减少财务收支上的差错或延误，减少经济损失。 • MRPⅡ的定性效益 ①改善经营决策，提高企业的应变能力和竞争地位；企业领导可随时了解销售、 生产和财务等方面的运行状况。 ②团队精神得到发扬，人员素质和精神面貌明显变化，涌现出一大批既懂管理和 生产又善于应用计算机的多专业人才。 ③管理人员从事务主义解脱出来，致力于实质性的管理工作，实现规范化管理。 ④MRPⅡ形成的规范化管理，对产品质量起了一定的保证作用。