生物质腰果酚磺酸盐表面活性剂的合成及其乳化性能

生物质腰果酚磺酸盐表面活性剂的合成及其乳化性能

王俊;王玉伟;李翠勤;马晓刚;朱晓峰

【摘要】Biomass cardanol was sulfonated by oleum to generate cardanol sulfonate surfactant.The chemical structure of resultant product was characterized by means of infrared spectrometry. The surface tension and wetting behavior of the product were determined by hanging drop method and droplet method. The emulsification performance of the product to liquid paraffin was measured by water diversion method; and the effect of sodium chloride on the emulsification performance was studied. Results indicate that as-synthesized cardanol sulfonate has a critical micelle concentration of 3.37 g/L and surface tension of 38.41

mN/m. Its contact angle on oil wetted surface decreased with increasing concentration, while that on water wetted surface initially decreased but then increased therewith. Besides, it had a longer water separation time at 25 ℃ than that at 45 ℃, and its emulsification ability increased with increasing concentration of NaC1.%采用发烟硫酸对生物质腰果酚进行磺化,得到腰果酚磺酸盐表面活性剂;利用红外光谱表征了产物的化学结构;分别采用悬滴法和小液滴法测定了腰果酚磺酸盐水溶液的表面张力和润湿性能,采用分水法测定了产物对液体石蜡的乳化性能,同时考察了氯化钠对乳化性能的影响.结果表明:所制备的腰果酚磺酸盐的临界胶束浓度(cmc)及γcmc分别为3.37 g/L和38.41 mN/m;其在油润湿表面的接触角随着溶液浓度的增大而减小,在水润湿表面的接触角随溶液浓度的增大先减小后增大;溶液的乳化能力随浓度的增加而增强,25℃下的分水时间比45℃下的长.随着盐浓度的增加,其对液体石蜡的乳化性能增强.

【期刊名称】《化学研究》

【年(卷),期】2011(022)002

【总页数】5页(P47-51)

【关键词】生物质腰果酚;磺酸盐;表面活性剂;合成;乳化性能

【作者】王俊;王玉伟;李翠勤;马晓刚;朱晓峰

【作者单位】东北石油大学,化学化工学院-石油与天然气化工省重点实验室,黑龙江,大庆,163318;东北石油大学,化学化工学院-石油与天然气化工省重点实验室,黑龙江,大庆,163318;东北石油大学,化学化工学院-石油与天然气化工省重点实验室,黑龙江,大庆,163318;东北石油大学,化学化工学院-石油与天然气化工省重点实验室,黑龙江,大庆,163318;大庆油田有限责任公司钻井一公司,黑龙江,大庆,163411

【正文语种】中文

【中图分类】O647.2

Abstract:Biomass cardanol was sulfonated by oleum to generate cardanol sulfonate surfactant.The chemical structure of resultant product was characterized by means of infrared spectrometry.The surface tension and wetting behavior of the product were determined by hanging drop method and droplet method.The emulsification performance of the product to liquid paraffin was measured by water diversion method;and the effect of sodium chloride on the emulsification performance was studied.Results indicate that as-synthesized cardanol sulfonate has a critical micelle concentration of 3.37 g/L and surface tension of 38.41

mN/m.Its contact angle on oil wetted surface decreased with increasing concentration,while that on water wetted surface initially decreased but then increased therewith.Besides,it had a longer water separation time at 25℃than that at 45℃,and its emulsification ability increased with increasing concentration of NaCl.

Keywords:biomass cardanol;sulfonate;surfactant;synthesis;emulsification performance

表面活性剂在油田作业中可用于油田钻井、采油和集输等环节.在三次采油过程中,表面活性剂驱占有重要地位,表面活性剂无论是作为主剂还是作为助剂驱油,对大幅度提高采收率均起到重要的作用.表面活性剂驱过程中常用的试剂有石油磺酸盐、石油羧酸盐、重烷基苯磺酸盐和木质素磺酸盐[1-2].但是这些表面活性剂的价格比较昂贵、成本较高,因此开发一种新型廉价的生物质驱油剂显得尤为重要.腰果酚是一种天然生物酚,早在上世纪八、九十年代就有学者将腰果酚作为原料合成腰果酚醛树脂和腰果酚环氧树脂[3-4].近年来,许多国外的学者利用腰果酚的长链烷基作为表面活性剂的亲油基来制备表面活性剂[5-6].

在三次采油过程中为了有效提高原油的采收率,要求所使用的表面活性剂具有较好的润湿和乳化性能,笔者以生物质腰果酚为原料,发烟硫酸为磺化剂,合成了一种新型腰果酚磺酸钠表面活性剂,测定了产品的表面张力以及在油湿和水湿表面的润湿性能,并通过对液体石蜡的乳化能力来评价产品的乳化性能.

1.1 原料、试剂及主要仪器

腰果酚(上海美东生物材料有限公司,工业品);二氯甲烷、发烟硫酸(含20%游离SO3)、氢氧化钠、乙醇、液体石蜡均为市售分析纯试剂;实验所用油为大庆油田采油一厂脱水脱气原油,45℃下密度为0.835 8 g/cm3,黏度为9.8 mPa·s.TENSOR27型傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(珀金埃尔默仪器上海有限公司);JC2000CI型静滴接触角/