非谓语之动词不定式用法详解

动词不定式的用法

二、动词不定式充当的句子成分

不定式具有名词、动词、形容词和副词的特性，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。

（一）、作主语：

1、不定式作主语多表示具体的、一次性的动作；动名词作主语多表示经常性的、习惯性的动作。 如：To swim today is a good idea Eating too much is bad for your health.

2、不定式作主语时，常可以用it 作形式主语，而将真正的不定式主语后置。但要熟记以下使用动名词作主语的句型：

常用动名词作主语的句型有：

It is/was +

There is/was +

更糟糕的）

注意：There is no need for sb to do sth.

2. 一般情况下，不定式作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：To see is to believe.

3. 当主语为不定式时，表语也用不定式来表示一致性。如：To see is to believe.

（二）、作宾语

1、不定式作宾语通常表示具体的、一次性的动作。如：

Tom likes playing football, but he likes to play basketball today.

但需要牢记以下的动词只使用v-ing 为宾语：avoid, miss, delay / postpone, suggest / advise, finish, practice, enjoy/appreciate, imagine, resist, admit, deny, envy, escape / envy, risk, pardon / excuse, keep / keep on, stand, mind;

有些动词后面只能接不定式作宾语,如：

decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish, manage, refuse, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask/beg, help, wait, happen, afford, fail, threaten;

有些动词短语后面也只能接动名词作宾语,如：

lead to, get down to, look forward to, pay attention to, stick to，be addicted to, adjust/adapt to, devote to，object to，get to/be used to（习惯于），prefer…to…, can't stand（忍不住），give up，insist on，keep（on），put off，be worth，be/keep busy，have difficulty/trouble/problem（in），feel/look/seem like，set about，depend on，prevent sb. from，succeed in, thank you for, apologize for；

有些动词后面既可以接不定式作宾语，又可以接动名词作宾语，如：continue，begin，start，prefer，like，love，hate，forget，go on，mean，regret，remember，stop，try，need, require, want 等。

2、不定式一般不作介词的宾语（但but/other than，except除外）。

如：I have no choice but to accept the fact.

①如果此时谓语动词含有do的各种形式，不定式要省去to.

I have done nothing except eat and sleep this week.

I couldn't do anything but wait here.

②在下列短语后，but之后只能跟不带to的不定式。

His father could do nothing but wait for the doctor to arrive.

We would do anything but confess(承认)our guilty.我们决不承认有罪。

She couldn't help but laugh at his clothes.她情不自禁地大笑他的着装。

I cannot but admire(钦佩) his courage.

I could not choose but love her.我不禁爱上了她。

3、有少数动词，如find，think，consider，make，feel等接不定式作宾语且其后面有宾语补足语时，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的不定式宾语后置。

如：I think it better to start off right now.

4、在动词hope, want, plan, expect, intend, mean, promise, wish的过去式之后用不定式的完成式作宾语，表示本来希望或打算做而未做的事，常可以与had + 这些动词ed + to do…结构互换。

如：I hoped to have met you at the airport, but I was too busy. = I had hoped to meet you at the airport, but I was too busy.

（三）、作表语

1、不定式作表语表示具体的、一次性的动作。

如：My job today is to water all the flowers in the garden.

2. 注意主语和表语的一致性，当主语为不定式时，表语一般也用不定式：

如：To see is to believe.

注意：如果主语部分的谓语动词或非谓语动词中含有do，那么作表语的不定式可以省去to。

如：The only thing he could do was（to）tell the truth.