非谓语动词（不定式的用法小结）

非谓语动词（不定式的用法小结）

非谓语动词（不定式的用法小结）

动词不定式用法小结

动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“ to do ”，其中to不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，称为小品词，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。但有时态和语态的变化。动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语，在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语,独立成分或与疑问词等连用。

一、结构： to do 否定式：not to do

二、时态和语态

不定式主动语态被动语态

一般式to do to be done

进行式 to be doing------------

完成式to have done to have been done

完成进行式to have been doing-----------

(1).They pretended not to see us. (一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎/发生在它之后.)

(2). He pretended to be sleeping. (在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行)

(3).She pretended to have known it before.(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)

(4).We’re happy to have been working with you.

(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续)

一. 作主语例如： To be a doctor is hard. 做医生很难。

To learn English well is not easy. 学好英语不容易。

☆单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数

☆动词不定式（短语）作主语时，为了避免句子的头重脚轻，可以用“it”作形式主语，而把真正的主语－－动词不定式（短语）放在

句子的后部。例如上面的句子可以表示为：

1) To learn English well is not easy.= It is not easy to learn English well.

2) To use English every day is important for students. = It is important for students to use English every day.

二. 作表语：( 系动词+ to do sth. ) 动词不定式（短语）作表语常用于系词be的后面。例：

1) 他的工作是开车。His work is to drive a car.

2) 我的工作是饲养动物。My job is to feed animals.

3) 她的理想是当医生。Her ambition is to be a doctor.

三. 作宾语 ( vt. + to do ) 动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语，能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有：begin, start, want, forget, remember, show, learn, like, hate, love, ask , decide, expect, want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, mean 等等例如：

1）I want to tell you a story. 我想给你讲个故事。

2）They begin to work at eight every morning. 他们每天早晨8点开始工作。

3）Don’t forget to lock the door.别忘了锁门。

4）Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow? 明天和我们一起去野餐好吗？

☆注意： *如果and连接两个动词不定式，第二个动词不定式一般省“to”例：

（1）He wants to go and have a swim with us. 他想和我们一起去游泳。

（2）若作宾语的动词不定式（短语）很长，可用it作形式宾语。

☆ I find it interesting to learn English with you. 我觉得和你

一起学英语很有趣。

☆ He found it hard to catch up with others. 他觉得赶上别人很困难。

四. 作宾语补足语。可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：(want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite 等等：

1. ( vt. + 宾语 + (to) do sth. ) 例如：

The teacher asked us to read English for half an hour in the morning. 老师让我们早晨读半小时英语。

Please let me help you. 让我来帮助你。

2. with+宾语+ to do (表示将来的动作)

With a lot of work to do, he didn’t go to the cinema. 对比：With all the work done, he went to the cinema.

☆不定式作宾语补足语可以归纳为以下三种句式：

1.要带to 的不定式作宾语补足语：tell /ask / want / would like / wish / like / invite /encourage /teach sb. to do sth.

例：The teacher told us to come earlier tomorrow.

I want you to go now. 我想让你现在就走。

Her parents wish her to be a teacher. 她父母亲希望她当老师。

2.不带“to”的不定式作宾语补足语：Let / make / have / see / watch / hear / notice / feel sb. do sth.

Let the boy go out now. 让那个男孩出去。

The boy made the baby cry. 男孩弄哭了这个小孩。

I saw the students play basketball on the playground yesterday. 昨天我看见学生们在操场打篮球。

3.可省可不省的： help sb. （to）do sth.

I often help my mother（to）do housework. 我经常帮妈妈做家务。

☆注意：如果将主动语态变为被动语态时，作宾语补足语的动词