非谓语动词动词不定式
(完整版)非谓语动词-不定式
非谓语动词—-动词不定式1)I plan to attend the meeting.我计划参加这次会议.2)I am sorry to have kept you waiting。
很抱歉让你久等了。
3)They are said to be working hard.据说他们工作得很努力.4）He is said to have been working in that factory for twelve years.据说他已在那家工厂工作12年了。
5）These clothes are to be washed as soon as possible。
6)He is disappointed not to go swimming this afternoon。
（二)用法1. To help each other is good。
It is good to help each other_____________________________________________2。
My job is to drive them to the power station every day。
Our plan is to set up another middle school for the peasants' children. To see is to believe.______________________________________________3. She wishes to be a musician。
I am determined to give up smokingI don’t think it right to do it that way._____________________________________________4。
Tell the children to play outside。
非谓语动词——不定式
非谓语动词——不定式非谓语动词包括不定式(to do)、动名词(－ing)、现在分词(－ing)与过去分词(－ed)。
它们不受主语人称和数的限制，在句子中不能充当谓语，但可以充当句子的其他成分，并且有时态和语态的变化。
注：现在分词、不定式、过去分词都可以作独立成分。
II.基本知识一、不定式的构成动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，这里的to是不定式标志，没有词义。
有时可以不带to。
动词不定式在句子中不能作谓语，但可以担任除谓语外的任何成分——主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。
不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能，又有动词的时态和语态的特点及作用，可以有自己的宾语和状语。
动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，但是有时态和语态的变化。
常见的形式如表所示（以及物动词do为例），不及物动词没有被动语态。
1. 不定式的一般式：一般式表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态的同时或之后。
当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动式(to be done).eg: He seemed to be tired.The building to be finished next month is for our teachers.2. 不定式的进行式：进行式表示动作正在进行，与谓语的动作同时发生。
e.g. When I went to his home, he happened to be traveling around the world.3. 不定式的完成式：如果不定式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示动作或状态之前，就用完成式；若是在此基础上的被动含义，就用完成被动式( to have been done).e.g. He is said to have written a novel about the Long March.He is said to have been taught French when he was a child.4. 不定式的完成进行式：如果不定式的动作是在谓语所表示的时间之前一直在进行或有可能继续进行的动作，就要用完成进行式.eg. We’re happy to have been working with the experts all the month.二、不定式的用法：1. 动词不定式做主语：不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。
非谓语动词之动词不定式
四、动词不定式用作宾语补足语。
常见的动词有：
ask, tell, get, want, like, hate, prefer; （1）se老e, 师hea叫r,我wa们tc努h, 力no学tic习e, 英fee语l; 。
Tmhaektee,alceht,erhealspked us __to___ __w_o_r_k__ __h_a_r_d__ at English.
3）老师教我们怎样学习英语。 The teacher teaches us __h_o_w__ __t_o___ __l_e_a_rn__ English.
4）你能决定到哪里去？ Can you decide __w_h_e_r_e__ ___t_o___ ___g_o____?
特殊疑问词 + 动词不定式 结构实际上是宾语从句的简化。 由复合句向简单句转化。 1. Can you tell me when we will start?
tell, show, teach, decide, learn等动词常用一 个带连接词的不定式作宾语。
1）你能告诉我什么时候出发？ Can you tell me __w_h_e_n___ ___to_____ __st_a_r_t ___?
2）她教我们如何种植树木。 She showed us __h_o_w__ __t_o__ __p_la_n_t the trees.
（1）我看见她关门。
I sawsheiemsb__d_o_c_sl_oth_se___ t看he见do某or. 人做某事
（4）ha我te更sb喜to欢do你s关th 电视讨。厌某人做某事 Ipprreeffeerrsybotuo_d_ot_os_t_h_ 更_t_u加_r_n喜__欢_ _某_o_人f_f_做_ 某th事e TV.
非谓语动词中的动词不定式
非谓语动词中的动词不定式非谓语动词中的动词不定式非谓语动词也是动词的一种，他们有着动词的特点，还可以充当主语、宾语、状语等。
以下是我细心整理的非谓语动词中的动词不定式，欢送大家共享。
动词不定式的形式为(to)+do/be done，其中to有时要省略。
通常所说的“动词原形”其实质就是不带to的不定式形式。
不定式具知名词、形容词和副词的性质。
它的否认形式为not+(to)do/be done。
一、不定式的时态性不定式从时态角度讲，具体形式分为一般式、进展式和完成式，是以不定式动作与谓语动词发生的时间的比较确定的。
具体状况如下：1、一般式不定式的一般式所表示的不定式动词与谓语动词同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后。
【例句】Tom plans to take part in the postgraduate entrance exams.汤姆打算要考研。
2、进展式不定式的进展式表示与谓语动词动作同时发生。
【例句】Tom pretended to be fully sleeping.汤姆装作睡得很沉。
3、完成式不定式的完成式表示发生于谓语动词动作之前。
【例句】Tom is pleased to have met his friend who has not kept intouch for many years.汤姆很兴奋能遇上他多年未联系的伴侣。
二、不定式的句子成分属性不定式如其他非谓语动词一样可以充当多种句子成分，包括主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语以及状语。
1、作主语【例句】To accomplish the budget in a month is impossible.在一个月内完成预算是不行能的。
2、作表语【例句】My wife’s task is to take charge of loveliness.我老婆的'任务是负责”得意”。
3、作宾语1〕假设谓语动词为find,want,hope,wish,offer,fail,plan,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help,agr ee,promise,prefer时，不定式〔宾语〕后面存在宾语补足语成分，要用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语〔不定式〕后置于句尾，放在宾语补足语后面。
非谓语动词之动词不定式
非谓语动词之动词不定式一、动词不定式表目的，如：I went to the post office to mail a letter.注意：强调动词不定式表示目的时，动词不定式可用in order to或so as to + 动词原形。
so as to不用于句首。
1：（2011四川，11）Simon made a big bamboo box the little sick bird till it could fly. (keep)Simon做了一个大竹箱为了养这只生病的小鸟直到它会飞为止。
2：（2011重庆，29）More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced food safety. (raise)在政府官员看来，我们应该制作更多的电视节目来引起人们对食品安全的关注。
3：（要想成为赢家be），you need to give all you have and try your best.4：—why are the students working so hard these days?—(准备即将到来的入学考试prepare)5：With Father’s Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank (为父亲买些礼物buy)6：I was going along the street (找个地方look) to park when the audient occurred二、某些形容词作表语表示喜、怒、哀、乐时，其后常跟不定式。
如：1、I am so sorry to hear that your mother is ill.2、He was angry (把他一个人留下来leave)3、I’m very glad (在这儿又见到了你meet)4、I’m so sorry (让你等这么长时间keep)5、you were silly (没锁上你的车lock)after you got out of it.6、（2010辽宁，25）We the temple still in its original condition. (astonish)发现寺院仍处于原始的状态，我们感到非常震惊。
非谓语动词-不定式
非谓语动词-不定式一．动词不定式：不定式具有n 、adj、adv的特征,可作除谓语外任何句子成分。
否定式：not to do .（一）主动被动一般式：to do to be done进行式：to be doing /完成式：to have done to have been done完成进行式：to have been doing /例句：1. He seems to know a lot. （to do所表动作与谓语动词同时或之后发生）2. The boy pretended to be working hard. （谓语动词所表示的动作发生时，to be doing所表动作正在发生）3. I happened to have seen the film.（to have done所表动作发生在谓语动词或特定时间之前）4. They are quite happy to have been cooperating harmoniously with us till now.(to have been doing所表动作在谓语动词所表动作之前一直在进行)（二）不定式的句法功能：1. 作主语：常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后，多表具体动作，尤指某一次动作。
常用句式有：1) It+be+名词+to do2) It takes sb.+some time+to do3) It+be+形容词+for sb.+to do2. 作表语：具体指某次动作：Your task today is to wash the curtains .3. 作宾语：1) 多为固定搭配：给予、买得起试图、尝试管理、处理假装敢于计划希望意图、打算同意拒绝期望承诺、答应需要教授帮助安排决定失败提供准备选择2) make up one’s mind to dowould like / love to dowould prefer to do ...3) 形式宾语：如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，常见词：+ it +宾补+ to do .Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.to do前有时可与疑问词连用：He gave us some advice on how to learn English.4) 句型：过去常做不得不做应该做愿意做准备、愿意做be sure / glad / happy / afraid +to do be sorry / anxious / eager +to do5) 省略to 的句型：为什么不做？不能做只能做最好做宁愿做而不做4. 作补语：1) 在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want wishasktellorder beg permit help advise persuade allowpreparecauseforcecall onwait forinviteencourageexpectforbidgetintendlikelovepreferremindrequireteachwarndepend on此外，介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用，如：With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema.2) 有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to （主动省略to 被动还原to）：I saw him cross the road.He was seen to cross the road.※五看：三让：二听：一感觉：3) 作主语补足语的句型：said reportedsb + be believed considered + to be doneknown found to have been donesupposed thoughtIt is said that he has gone abroad .= He is said to have gone abroad .He was later discovered to have been a spy.4）thinkconsiderbelievesupposefeel ...+ to be 作宾语补足语或主语补足语findimagineproveappointjudge 例：People considered him to be a great leader .He imagines himself to be an able man .5. 作定语：1) 若不定式所修饰词是不定式的地点、工具，不定式后要有相应介词：He didn’t have a house to live in . 若修饰的词为：time、way、place，不定式后省略介词: He didn’t have place to live .2) 若不定式作定语与所修饰词形成被动关系（动宾关系），可用to do 也可用to be done ：Have you got anything to send ? （执行者为句子主语）to be sent ? （执行者是其他人）3) 用不定式作定语的情况：①表将来：The car to be bought is for his sister .②修饰被序数词、最高级或no ，all ，any 限定的中心词且为主动关系：He was the best man to do the job .③用来修饰抽象名词：能力机会主意事实借口承诺答案回复企图信仰方式理由时刻时光☆某些名词的同根词常跟to do ，因而也跟to do ，如：计划提议决定拒绝失败警告焦虑渴望愿望准备就绪例：我没有去观光的机会我不相信他会来访的承诺他没有去那里的计划他没有计划去那里6.作状语：1) 目的状语：He worked day and night to get the money. 若强调目的性，也可加in order to （可在句首）/ so as to（只在句中），此两结构在剧中时，不用都好隔开。
非谓语动词 之动词不定式(to do)的用法
非谓语动词之动词不定式（to do）的用法非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要形式有：不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。
1.“to do”动词不定式的变形2.动词不定式的用法（1）充当主语（一般会用it 当形式主语）To swim here is dangerous. =It is dangerous to swim here.To pass this English exam is unlikely. =（2）充当表语（多数情况下，可以转换成动词不定式做主语）My job is to help with your English learning.To help with your English learning is my job.（3）充当宾语（只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不做介词的宾语；有时用“it”做形式宾语）I decided to attend this meeting last night.I find it necessary to learn a foreign language.注意：当以下动词欲接动词作宾语时，只能跟不定式作宾语。
decide, determine, learn, wish, hopeagree, plan, pretend, dare, refuse, failprepare, try, manage, help, promiseoffer, beg, demand, afford, arrange, be supposed（4）充当宾语补足语I persuaded him to make a speech in public.注意：在感官动词／使役动词／help后（see, hear, watch, notice, make,have, let后不定式做宾补时，可省略“to”）I saw them have a disagreement on who should sweep the floor. （我看到了他们争论的整个过程）但，感官动词后面也可接Ving形式，表示正在进行。
英语非谓语动词：不定式,动名词和分词
英语非谓语动词：不定式，动名词和分词非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式、动名词和分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）（一）动词不定式动词不定式可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语。
动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，否定形式“not to +动词原形”。
1.用法（1）作主语。
往往用it作为形式主语。
如：It is time to get up.（2）作宾语。
如果带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后，用it作形式宾语。
如：I find it interesting to study English.有些动词只能用动词不定式作宾语。
如：decide,plan,desire,hope,wish,promise,ask,agree, manage等。
（3）作宾语补足语A：带to的动词不定式有：ask，tell，want，teach，advise，allow，beg，invite等。
如：He asked me to do the work.B :接不带to的动词不定式有：see，watch，hear,make ,let等。
如：I often see him play football.使役动词不带to,动词有：一感二听三让四观看。
一感：feel 二听：hear, listen to 三让：let，have，make 四观看：observe,see,watch,look at注意：feel, hear,notice, see,watch,have,make等词后的补足语中，不定式不带to,但变成被动结构时，要带to.如：I often hear him cry. He is often heard to cry.注意：带but介词的不定式。
如果介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么but后的不定式不带to，否则要带to。
另外，在can’t choose but...和can’t help but...等后面的不定式也省略to。
非谓语动词(non-finite verbs)
在英语中，不做句子谓语，而具有谓语外其他语法功能的动词中，叫“非谓语动词”非谓语动词包括：动词不定式（the Infinitive）动名词（the Gerund）现在分词（the Present Participle）过去分词（the Past Participle）Ⅰ。
动词不定式：动词不定式有两种，带“to”和不带“to（动词原型）”，有人称之为“光秃不定式”，在大多数情况下不定式都带to，动词不定式由“to+动词原型”，这里的to是不定式标志，没有词义，不定式具有名词，形容词，或副词的某些语法功能，又有动词的时态和语态。
一：1。
不定式做主语：eg : To over come the problem is very difficult不定式做主语，往往用it做形式主语，真正的主语不定式放置句子后面：eg : It‟s so nice to hear your voice.但是，用不定式做主语的句子中还有一个不定式做表语时，不能用it‟s…to…的句型eg : To teach is to learn.比较“it‟s for sb和it‟s of sb1)for sb句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如”easy, hard, difficult, impossible”等2)of sb句型中的形容词一般为表示性格，品德，心智能力，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如”good, kind, nice, clever, foolish”等3)用介词for或者of后面的逻辑主语做句子的主格，用介词前边的形容词做表语，造这个句子，如果通顺用of，不通则用for2．不定式做表语：不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语eg : My dream is to be a teacher.3．不定式做宾语1）有些及物动词用不定式做宾语，结构为“动词+不定式”P2892）有些动词除了可以用不定式做宾语，还用些不定式做补语，即“动词+宾语+不定式”结构eg : I like to keep everything tidy.I like you to keep everything tidy.3）有些动词或动词词组可以用“动词+疑问词+不定式”的结构：eg : I want to know how to solve the problem.4）如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用“ it ”做形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语4．不定式做补语1）有些动词+宾语+不定式P291eg : Father will not allow us to play on the street.2）有些动词+宾语+不定式的结构，不定式的动词往往是be，不定式一般可以省去eg : We believe him (to be) quilty (adj.)我们相信他是有罪的We know him to be fool. (n.) (to be不能省)3）有些动词可以跟”there + to be的结构eg : We didn‟t expect there to be so many people.You wouldn‟t want there to be another war. 你不至于想让另外一场战争发生吧？5．不定式做定语不定式做宾语，通常要放在被修饰的词后，往往表示未发生的动作。
非谓语动词的三种形式
非谓语动词共分为三种，构成形式如下：1.动词不定式(Infinitives)：2.现在分词和过去分词(present participles & past participles):3. 动名词(gerunds)下面我们依据句子的成分，来具体分析非谓语动词的不同用法。
1.非谓语动词做主语和表语主语、表语和同位语在句子中用名词来担当，非谓语动词中动词不定式和动名词均可以用作名词，因此，动词不定式和动名词可以用来担当这三种成分。
1）非谓语动词做主语一般情况下，用动名词来做主语的情况比拟多，动词不定式用作主语的情况比拟少。
通常来说，在表达将来的要发生的事情时用不定式来作主语，而表达一般情况习惯性的动作时用动名词来作主语。
例如：Teaching is a tiring but satisfying job.Swimming is a good kind of e*ercise.To be an astronaut is Johnson’s desire.在用it做形式主语的句子中通常用动词不定式来做真正的主语。
例如：It is necessary (for you) to give up smoking.It is everyone’s duty to protect the environment.但是值得注意的是在各别情况下，即使是It做形式主语，真正的主语也必须用动名词，这些情况很少，所以希望同学们能单独记忆下来，以下是此类情况的一个总结。
It is/was no use/good doing sth.It is/was not any use/good doing sth.It is/was of little use/good doing sth.2)非谓语动词做表语非谓语动词作此成分的时候跟作主语时的规则根本一致。
在表示"目的，愿望，梦想，需求〞等名词做主语时其表语应该用不定式.例如：Her wish was to bee an artist.她的愿望是成为一位艺术家Our aim is to help them，not to teach them a lesson.我们的目的是帮助他们，而不是教训他们。
非谓语动词不定式
非谓语动词--动词不定式（一）形式：1)I plan to attend the meeting.我计划参加这次会议。
2)I am sorry to have kept you waiting.很抱歉让你久等了。
3)They are said to be working hard.据说他们工作得很努力。
4)He is said to have been working in that factory for twelve years.据说他已在那家工厂工作12年了。
5)These clothes are to be washed as soon as possible.6)He is disappointed not to go swimming this afternoon.（二）用法1. To help each other is good.It is good to help each other_____________________________________________2. My job is to drive them to the power station every day.Our plan is to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.To see is to believe.______________________________________________3. She wishes to be a musician.I am determined to give up smokingI don’t think it right to do it that way._____________________________________________4. Tell the children to play outside.I saw a little girl run across the street_________________________________5. Have you got anything to eat?But she gave up the chance to go abroad.Who was the last one to leave the classroom last night?Is this the best way to help him?__________________________________6. We went there to see our grandparents.I am very sorry to hear that.She hurried home only to find her father dead.To look at the picture, you would like it._____________________________________(三）句型1. It is very important for us to get everything ready for the harvest.It is very kind of you to help him every day._______________________________________________________________________________________________2.疑问词who，what，which，when，where和how后加不定式结构，它在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语。
非谓语动词——动词不定式
校园英语 / 基础教育非谓语动词——动词不定式甘肃省白银市第八中学/魏立娟在英语中，不能作句子谓语，而是担任其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词有3种：动词不定式、动名词和分词。
现将动词不定式的用法总结如下：动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，有时不能带to。
它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但它具有名词、形容词、副词的特征，在句子中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语，它可以有自己的宾语和状语，并和其一起构成不定式短语，不定式的否定形式是在to前加not。
Please tell Tom to come here on time tomorrow.The doctor asked her not to eat too much meat.一、不定式作主语To keep the environment clean is our duty.在日常英语中，特别是当主语较长而谓语较短时，常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语——动词不定式放在句子后面，避免头重脚轻。
It is good for our health to drink more water every day.二、不定式作宾语常用在及物动词 want，begin，decide，forget，hope，like，learn等的后面。
I want to buy a computer.He decided to give up smoking.不定式后面有宾语补足语时，可用先行词it作形式宾语，把真正的不定式宾语后置。
动词后能接复合宾语的有： think，find， believe， suppose， make等。
由于宾语和宾补有逻辑上的主谓关系，所以有时候将宾语和宾补换成从句的形式。
He found it difficult to learn English well.=He found that it’s difficult to learn English well.三、不定式作宾语补足语1.动词 ask，tell，want，teach，allow等后跟带to的动词不定式作宾补。
非谓语动词有3种形式
⾮谓语动词有3种形式⾮谓语动词有3种形式：不定式、动名词和分词（⼀）不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的性质。
动词不定式由“to + 动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to do”，不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有⼈称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。
不定式可做主语、宾语、状语、标语和定语，但不能单独做谓语。
不定式的逻辑主语有时⽤“for/of +名词或代词宾格”构成。
⼀作主语。
不定式做主语时，往往放在谓语之后，⽤it做形式主语。
1. To see is to believe.2. It?s difficult (for us) to learn English.3. It?s foolish of her to believe him.= She is foolish to believe him.⼆作表语1. His aim is to win the first prize.2. All we can do is (to) wait.One?s dream / aim / ambition / wish / The first step / What I want to do is to…三作宾语1. He demanded to be told the truth.2. He pretended to be doing his homework / to have fallen asleep when Mother came in.（decide / fail / manage / refuse / pretend / choose / agree / hope/ plan / promise / make up one?s mind + to do）3. I don?t know what to do.（decide / find out / know / learn / consider etc + 疑问词+ to do）4. Anyone can become a better scholar if he wants to.5. ---Are you on holiday? ---No, but I?d like to be.四作宾补或主补1. I?ll have him say something at the meeting.have sb do = get sb to dofeel; hear / listen to; let / have / make; see / watch / look at / notice / observe sb do但被动语态要+ to, let 例外Listen to me read the text.He is often listened to sing the song.He was let go by the police.to dosuggest / hope / agree / demand / arrange sb to do3. He is said to be doing the work of next year.It?s said that he is doing the work of next year.sb + seem / appear / happen / be said / be reported / be known /be found / be believed + to do / to be doing / to have ( been) doneIt + seem / appear / happen / be said … / be believe that….六作定语1. I have a lot of work to do / no pen to write with.2. the first to come / to be awarded the Nobel Prize3. the last person to do such a thing 最不愿意做…的⼈4. the house to be built next year⽐较: the house being built now / build last year注意（1）做定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、⼯具等，不定式后应有相应的介词。
非谓语动词(不定式)
3) 进行时：表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同 时发生。 He seems to be eating something.
4) 完成进行时： She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.
一、作主语
1） It's easy (for me) to do that.我做这事太容易了 • easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better; • the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough It's so nice to hear your voice. • 听到你的声音真高兴。 It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. • 当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。
六、作补语
1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do) advise allow appoint believe cause challenge command compel consider declare drive enable encourage find forbid force guess hire imagine impel induce inform instruct invite judge know like order permit persuade remind report request require select send state suppose tell think train trust understand urge warn 例句： Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。 We believe him to be guilty. 我们相信他是有罪的。
非谓语动词动词不定式
非谓语动词顾名思义，非谓语动词就是不能作谓语的动词。
包括：不定式、现在分词、过去分词和动名词。
不定式1.不定式的构成不定式是由不定式符号to+动词原形构成，在某些情况下to也可省略。
不定式一般有时态和语态的变化，通常有下表中的几种形式（以do为例）：主动式被动式一般式to do to be done完成式to have done to have been done进行式to be doing /完成进行式to have been doing /1). 不定式的一般式不定式的一般式所表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生。
如：They invited us to go there this summer. 他们邀请我们今年夏天去那儿。
He stood aside for me to pass. 他站到一边让我通过。
2). 不定式的完成式不定式的完成式所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，它在句中可作表语、状语、宾语，有时也可作主语、定语等。
如：She seemed to have heard about this matter. 她似乎已听说过这件事。
I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 我很抱歉让你等了这么久。
I meant to have told you about it, but I happened to have an important thing to do.我本来想告诉你这件事的，但我碰巧有一件重要的事要做。
It has been an honor for me to have traveled so much in your country.对我来说，在你们国家旅行这么多地方是一件很荣幸的事情。
3). 不定式的进行式不定式的进行式表示正在进行的与谓语动词同时发生的动作。
它在句中可以用作除谓语以外的所有成分。
非谓语动词--动词不定式
←非谓语动词------动词不定式（1）在英语中，不能做句子谓语，而是担任其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词，非谓语动词有三种：动词不定式、动名词和分词（含现在分词和过去分词）。
另外，动名词和现在分词统称为“ing形式”。
←动词不定式←1.定义：动词不定式与动词-ing,过去分词一样，是动词的非谓语形式。
他与动词原形同形，但它的前面一般要带有一个不定式的符号“to”,动词不定式存在不带to的情况。
← 2.不定式的形式：动词不定式有主动、被动两种语态，也有一般式、进行式、完成式等时态：←另外，请注意不定式与原形和现在式的区别(以be, have, go为例)：← 3. 不定式的时态：不定式虽没有人称和数的变化，但所表达的动作仍具有时间先后顺序，即不定式仍有自己的时态。
不定式的时态包括一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行式。
←1）不定式的一般式：←表示的动作或状态通常发生在主句谓语动作之后或与主句谓语动作同时发生。
←我们想天黑前到家，但结果没有像计划那样。
←We wanted to get home before dark, but it didn’t quite turned out as planned.←(to get home发生在want之后)←他已经决定要给她一些钱。
He has decided to give her some money.←看电影时，我听见坐在我后面的那对夫妇一直在小声说话。
←I heard the couple behind me whisper all the time while seeing the film. (whisper与here同时发生)←2）动词不定式的进行式：表示正在进行，与主句谓语动词表示的动作同时进行。
←当我路过的时候，怀特先生和他的妻子碰巧正在吵架。
←Mr. White and his wife happened to be quarreling when I passed by.←当妈妈打开门时，这个女孩假装正在学习。
非谓语动词(不定式)
非谓语动词---不定式：在句子中充当除谓语以外句子成分的动词形式。
三种形式：不定式，动名词，分词（现在分词和过去分词）非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的任何成分。
不定式作用：(主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，补语)1 做主语，谓语用单数，通常后置。
常用句式有：1、It+be+名词+to do。
2、It takes sb.+some time+to do。
3、It+be+形容词+of sb +to doIt is very hard to finish the work in ten m inutes2 做宾语（通常接不定式的动词：want, try, hope, w ish, need, forget, know, promise, refuse, help, dec ide, begin, start, learn, agree, choose, get等）We plan to pay a visitA特殊疑问词+to do当名词用。
I don’t know what to do.B 不定式做宾语时，有宾语补足语时，通常用it代替。
I find it nec essary to learn a foreign language.C 动词不定式也可充当介词宾语I have no choic e but to stay hereD 在hope, think, w ant, plan, expect, mean, intend等后的不定式完成式表示“本来打算做，而实际没能实现, 但是mean 和intend的过去式+不定式的一般式也能表示未实现的愿望。
）We meant to have stopped him from doing suc h a thing.3 做宾语补足语(用做宾语补足语的动词有ask, tell, order, w ant, get, would like, like, advise, invite, allow, help, w ish, warn, expect, prefer, enc ourage)He w ants me to be c areful.A feel, hear, listen to, have, let, make, notic e, see, w atc h, observe, look at 后面的不定式去掉to,但变成被动语态需要加上to.I see the boy fall off tree. / the boy is seen to fall off the tree.4 做定语I have a lot of work to do.A当名词被first, last, second, 以及only等词修饰，用不定式做定语。
非谓语动词不定式
非谓语动词-----动词不定式不定式是动词的一种非限定形式，即非谓语动词形式，在句子中不能单独做谓语。
它具有动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语，不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。
一．基本形式：带to 的不定式；不带to的不定式二．不定式的时态一般式表动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。
构成：主动语态to do 被动语态to be done完成式表动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。
构成：主动语态To have done被动语态to have been done进行式表动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。
构成：主动语态to be doing完成进行式表动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，并一直持续到说话时间。
构成：主动语态to have been doing三．不定式的语态当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动语态。
若不定式所表示的动作在谓语动词之前完成，这时不定式可以用完成式的被动式。
四．不定式的句法作用1.动词不定式作主语：常用引导词it作主语，把不定式移到句子后面去。
不定式的逻辑主语由“for+名词（或代词）”表示，通常置于不定式之前。
2.动词不定式作表语。
3.动词不定式作宾语。
下列动词常跟不定式作宾语：ask, agree, begin, choose, continue, decide, desire, except, forget, hate, hope, learn, like, manage, mean, offer, pretend, prefer, promise, remember, start, try, want, wish。
有时用作形式宾语，把不定式放在后面，构成复合宾语。
4.动词不定式作定语。
5.动词不定式作状语，可修饰动词，表示目的结果或原因等。
专项训练题1.I don′t mean _______you because what I have said really means______you to be good.A. to hurt; to adviseB.to hurt; advisingC.hurting; to adviseD.hurting; advising2.Let′s find a room_____.A.to put the thingsB.where to put the thingsC. to put the things inD.putting the things3.Would you be so kind_________me the way to the cinema?A.as to tellB.tellingC.to tellD.for telling4.I saw a little girl_________a hammer ______the box.A.to use; to opene; opening; openeding; to open5.---I′d like to buy a new computer.---well,we have several models______.A.to choose fromB.of choiceC.to be chosenD.for choosing6.There is nothing______but_____down and wait for him_______back.A,to do;sit;to come B.to do;sit; come C.to do;to sit;to come D.to be done; to sit; coming7.We have yet to decide______there by bus or on foot.A. to getB.how to getC.why to getD.whether to get8.We would like the problem______at once.A.settledB.be settledC.to be settledD.being settled9.I happened _______the book before.A,to read B.to have read C.having read D.that I had read10. I want to have him _____the job,but he had it________instead.A.do; doneB.does; doingC.to do; doingD.to do; done11.In those days my family didn′t have enough room________.A.to liveB.living inC.to live inD.living12.I haven’t got a chair_________,will you make room for me.A.to sitB.for sittingC.to sit inD.sitting13.You’d better get a doctor _______your bad tooth.A.pull outB.to pull outC.pulled outD.pulling out14.You shouldn’t allow ________games the classroom for it’s too noisy.A.students playingB.to playingC.to play d.students to playing15.H e likes_______,but he doesn’t like ______today because it’s too cold.A.to swim; to swimB.swimming ; swimmingC.to swim; swimmingD.swimming; to swim16.He used_______on the right in China,but he soon got used_______on the left in England.A.to drive; to driveB.to drive ; drivingC.to driving; to driveD.to drive; to driving17.They didn’t know______or stay.A.to leaveB.if that he should leaveC.if to leaveD.whether to leave18.Do you know _______the repairs?A.to doB.to makeC.how to doD.how to make19.To answer correctly is more important than__________.A.a quick finishB.to finish quicklyC.finishing quicklyD.you finishing quick20.I felt it an honour _______to speak here.A.to askB.askingC.to be askedD.having asked21.It was stupid_______your advice.A.for me not to takeB.of me not takingC.for me not takingD.of me not to take22.---I wish I could buy one of those beautiful dogs.---I’m afraid they wouldn’t allow_______in the hotel.A.you keeping itB.that you keep itC.you to keep itD.you keep it23.We haven’t decided which hotel________.A.to stay atB.to stayC.is for stayingD.is to stay at24.The little girl found________.A.with no one to playB.no one with to playC.no one to playD.no one to play with25.The horses ought______hours ago by raisers.A.to have been fedB.to feedC.to be fedD.to have fed26.It is foolish_______such a mistake.A.for me makingB.of me makingC.for me to makeD.of me to make27.He is too honest a boy ______a lie.A.to tellB.not to tellC.tellingD.that tell28.The water in good__________.A.to be drunkB.to drink itC.to drinkD.at drinking29.We believed the little boy________.A,having told the truth B.to have told the truth C.to tell true D.having the truth30.Why not ______for a walk?A.go outB.going outC.to goD.went31.They wanted the work _________with great care.A.doingB.to have doneC.to be doneD.to do32.She was seen _________the concert hall.A.enterB.to enterC.to enter inD.entered33.Mr. Corset was made ______his teaching because of his poor health and old age.A.to give up b.to give in C.giving up D.give up34.Robert is said_______abroad,but I don’t know what country he studied in.A.to have studiedB.to studyC.to be studyingD.to have been studying35.---I usually go there by train.---Why not _____by boat for a change?A.to try goingB.trying to goC.to try and goD.try going36.Nobody likes to _______.A.be laughedB.be laughingC.be laughed atD.be laughing at37.Helen had to shout ______above the sound of the music.A.making herself hearB.to make herself hearC.making herself heardD.to make herself heard38._______late in the morning.Bob turned off the alarm.A.To sleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Having slept39.With a lot of difficult problems _____,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A.settledB.settlingC.to settleD.being settled40.He claimed_____in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday.A.being badly treatedB.treating badlyC.to be treated badlyD.to have been badly treated。
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非谓语动词顾名思义，非谓语动词就是不能作谓语的动词。
包括：不定式、现在分词、过去分词和动名词。
不定式1.不定式的构成不定式是由不定式符号to+动词原形构成，在某些情况下to也可省略。
不定式一般有时态和语态的变化，通常有下表中的几种形式（以do为例）：主动式被动式一般式to do to be done完成式to have done to have been done进行式to be doing /完成进行式to have been doing /1). 不定式的一般式不定式的一般式所表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生。
如：They invited us to go there this summer. 他们邀请我们今年夏天去那儿。
He stood aside for me to pass. 他站到一边让我通过。
2). 不定式的完成式不定式的完成式所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，它在句中可作表语、状语、宾语，有时也可作主语、定语等。
如：She seemed to have heard about this matter. 她似乎已听说过这件事。
I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 我很抱歉让你等了这么久。
I meant to have told you about it, but I happened to have an important thing to do.我本来想告诉你这件事的，但我碰巧有一件重要的事要做。
It has been an honor for me to have traveled so much in your country.对我来说，在你们国家旅行这么多地方是一件很荣幸的事情。
3). 不定式的进行式不定式的进行式表示正在进行的与谓语动词同时发生的动作。
它在句中可以用作除谓语以外的所有成分。
如：It’s nice of you to be helping us these days.你真好，这些天一直帮我们。
He pretended to be listening to the teacher carefully. 他假装在认真地听老师讲课。
We didn’t expect you to be waiting for us here. 我们没料到你一直在这儿等我4). 不定式的完成进行式如果不定式表示的动作是谓语所表示时间之前一直进行的动作，就需要用完成进行式。
如：They are said to have been working in Tibet for 20 years. 据说他们已经在西藏工作20年了。
We are happy to have been helping each other these days. 我们很高兴这些天能互相帮助。
5). 动词不定式的否定形式是由not或never加不定式构成。
如：Try not to be late again next time. 尽量下次不要再迟到。
He wished us never to meet her again. 他希望我们永远不要再见到她。
6). 疑问词+动词不定式：不定式和疑问词whether, what, which, whom, where, when, how, why等连用可以在句中起名词的作用，通常跟在tell, know, show, decide, learn, wonder, explain, advise, teach, discuss, find out等动词后面作宾语，有时也可以充当主语、表语等。
如：On hearing the news, he didn’t know whether to laugh or to cry.听到这个消息，他不知道该哭还是该笑。
When to hold the meeting has not decided. 什么时候开会还没有决定。
The most important problem is how to get so much money. 最重要的事情是如何搞到这么多钱。
介词后一般不直接接不定式，但可以接疑问词+不定式短语作宾语。
如：Mary gave some advice on how to learn English. 玛丽提了一些如何学习英语的建议。
I have no idea of how to do it. 我不知道该怎么做。
但是but和except后面可以跟不定式。
如：He did nothing but wander on the street. 他除了在街上闲逛外，没有做什么。
I have no choice but to wait. 我除了等待以外别无其他选择。
7). 不定式的被动式：当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式，to be +过去分词和to have been +过去分词。
这些形式可以用来作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语。
如：It’s a good thing for him to have been scolded by the te acher.对他来说，被老师责备是一件好事。
They seemed to be satisfied with the result. 他们似乎对结果很满意。
He asked to be sent to work in the countryside. 他要求被派往农村工作。
She was the last person to have been mentioned at the meeting. 她是会上最后一个被提到的人。
I had to shout to be heard. 我不得不大喊才能被听到。
We don’t like our friends to be laughed at from time to time.我们不喜欢我们的朋友不时地被嘲笑。
2. 不定式的语法作用1) 不定式作主语：To see once is better than to hear a hundred times. 百闻不如一见。
To master a foreign language is not an easy thing. 掌握一门外语不是一件容易的事。
在很多情况下，人们通常用it作为形式上的主语，而把不定式短语移到谓语之后，使句子显得平稳一些。
如：It’s good manners to wait in line.排队等候是很有礼貌的。
It made us very angry to hear him speak to his mother like that.听到他那样跟他妈妈说话我们很生气。
2) 不定式作表语：The most important thing is to put theory into practice. 最重要的事情是把理论付诸实践。
The greatest happiness is to work for the happiness of all. 最大的幸福就是为大家的幸福而工作。
3) 不定式作宾语：He wanted to know the truth. 他想知道真相。
I prefer to be starved to death rather than beg. 我宁愿被饿死也不愿乞讨。
He pretended to have read the book when I asked him about it.我问到他的时候，他假装读过这本书。
另外，不定式在某些复合宾语中作宾语时，人们常常用it代表不定式，而将真实宾语放在补足语之后。
如：Do you think it better to translate it in this way? 你认为这样翻译是不是更好？I feel it a great honor to be invited to speak at the meeting before so many students.我觉得被邀请在会上面对这么多学生发言是一件很光荣的事情。
4) 不定式作补语：①不定式可以和名词或代词一起构成复合结构作动词的宾语，这时不定式被称为宾语补足语。
如：I would like you to help me with my English exercises. 我想请你帮我做英语练习。
I never expected the shoes to be worn out so soon. 我从来没想到鞋子这么快就穿破了。
注意：动词help后面接不定式作宾语或宾语补足语可以带to也可以不带to。
如：Who can help me (to) carry this heavy box? 谁能帮我拎这个重箱子？②在make, let, have等使役动词和hear, see, watch, notice, feel，observe等感官动词后的复合宾语中，动词不定式不带to。
I often hear her sing in the next room. 我经常听到她在隔壁唱歌。
They make the baby go to bed at 7:00 p.m. every day. 他们每天让孩子晚上7：00上床睡觉。
注意：get, leave等词也有“让”“叫”的意思，和使役动词意思相近，但它们后面的不定式作宾语补足语必须要有to。
如：I’ll get him to try it again.我将让他再试一次。
How could you leave him to have supper with a stranger? 你怎么让他跟一个陌生人一起吃晚饭？注意：当使役动词和感官动词变为被动语态时，不定式就成了主语补语，作主语补语的不定式必须加to。
如：Though he had often made his little sister cry, today he was made to cry by his little sister.尽管他经常弄哭他的小妹妹，但今天他却被他的小妹妹弄哭了。
He is often heard to sing the song. 经常有人听到他唱这首歌。
③think, consider, believe, declare, suppose, find, imagine, know, understand, take, prove, feel等动词后面接的不定式短语作补语多由to be+形容词或名词构成，think, consider, find后的to be常可省略。