过去完成时语法

答案为D.
典型例题
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office. A. had written, left B. were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
五、 It was＋时间＋since＋主语＋过去完成时。 例如： They asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it was at least ten years since I ______ a good drink. 他们邀请我和他们喝酒，我说，我已经至少 十年没有好好喝过了。 A. had enjoyed B. was enjoying C. enjoyed D. had been enjoying 正确答案为A。
三、 根据上下文的时间关系来确定用过去完成时。例如：
1. The pen I ______ I ______ is on my desk， right under my nose. 那支我以为已经丢了的钢笔。 在我的桌子上，就在我的鼻子底下。 A. think； lost B. thought； had lost C. think； had lost D. thought； have lost
答案为D
典型例题
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Before the first non stop flight made in1949, it ____ necessary for all planes to land for refueling. (CET-4 1996, 6) A) would be B) has been C) had been D) would have been
Summary
一、 主语＋过去完成时 ＋①when引导的从句(注：从句谓语动词为过去式) ＋②by短语 ＋③by the time引导的从句(注：从句谓语动词为过去式) ＋④before引导的从句(注：从句谓语动词为过去式) 例如：
Practice
• 1. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests ______ when he ______ at the party. • A. left； had arrived B. left； arrived • C. had left； had arrived D. had left； arrived 解析： 正确答案为D。guests先“离开”，Tom后 • “到达”。 • 2. We ______ four thousand new words by the end of last year. • A. had learned B. have learned • C. learned D. will have learned • 解析： 根据by短语中的last year得知是到去年年末， • 正确选项为A
二、 1. 主语＋had＋hardly(scarcely)＋过去分词＋when(before) ＋主语＋一般过去时。 2.主语＋had＋no sooner＋过去分词＋than＋主语＋一般过 去时。例如： ①They had no sooner got home than it began to rain. 他们一 到家，天就下起雨来。 ②______ got into the room，______ the telephone rang. 他 一到家，电话就响了。 A. He hardly had；then B. Hardly had he；when C. He had not；that D. Not had he；when 解析： 正确答案为B。当否定词hardly，scarcely，no sooner放在句首时，主谓要倒装。
解析： 正确答案为B。“丢笔”是在“认为”之前发生的动作。
四、 表示过去未曾实现的愿望、打算或意图，用过去完成时。 常用动词有：hope，think，expect，intend，mean，suppose， want等。 例如： They had wanted to help but couldn't get here in time. 他们本 来是要来帮忙的，但未能及时赶到。
解析： 正确答案为C。had to wait说明事情发生在过去，而 “忘带钥匙”的动作发生在“等丈夫回家”之前。 3. He _________________his own lab by the time he was ten. 到十岁时， had already built 他已经建起了自己的实验室。 4. He _____________English for five years before he came here. 来这儿 had studied 之前，他已经学过五年英语了。
答案为C
典型例题
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Until then, his family ____from him for six month. ( CET-4 1997, 1) A) didn't hear B) hasn't been hearing C) hasn't heard D) hadn't heard
Present perfect or past perfect?
• The present perfect tense is used when we are talking about a past event which relates to the present time. • Howard Carter is one of the most famous explorers the world has ever known. • The past perfect tense is used when we are discussing the past and want to talk about an even earlier event. • Not long after the tomb had been opened, people in Carter’s team began to fall ill and die strangely.
Practice
2. Helen ______ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband ______home. 海伦把钥匙忘在了办公室，所以她不得不 等到丈夫回家。 A. has left； comes B. left； had come C. had left； came D. had left； would come
答案D.
典型例题
• When I arrived at the station, he had already left. We had learned about 4000 English words by the end of last term. I waited until he had finished his homework. We were surprised at what she had done. We ____our breakfast when an old man came to the door. (CET-4 1990,1) • A) just have had B) have just had • C) just had D) had just had.
More examples • He was not worried at all. He ____________ preparations. had already made
Here the past action didn’t happen a long time ago.
• I had done my homeworkwent to the museum.
More examples
• By the end of last year,had I taught _______for 15 years. • When I came back home, my had already finished favourite TV program __________.