高级英语第八课The Merely Very Good

The Merely Very GoodPPT教学课件

2020/12/09
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Spender’s journal entry on his visit is fascinating both for what it says and for what it dose not say.
Spender’s record of his visit is interesting not only because of the things he mentions but also because of things he does not say.
2020/12/09
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When the author was invited to lecture at a writers’ conference, why did he want to turn down the invitation at first? What finally made him accept the invitation?
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He is, for me, one of those people whose writing about their writing is more interesting than their writing itself.
According to my view, Spender belongs to the group whose writings about their lives, experiences, that is whose autobiographies, are more interesting than their literary works.
As I recall, the honorarium offered would have barely covered the expense.

the merely very good课文翻译

在哥廷根，他跟随著名的德国理论物理学家马克思·伯恩一同搞研究，并于1927年他23岁时在那里获得了博士学位。

1975年伯恩去世后出版的对奥本海默的回忆录中对其毫无赞同之词。

“奥本海默，”他写道，“是伟大的天才，我在一种令人尴尬并频惹麻烦的方式上意识到他多么优秀。

在上我的量子力学的常规研讨课时，他经常打断发言者，不管他是谁，也包括我在内，然后跨上讲台，拿起粉笔，宣称：‘用下面的方式可以把这做得更好。

’”实际上，这样做很糟糕，以至于他的同学恳求伯恩制止这样事情的再度发生。

量子力学在此前一年由埃尔温·薛定谔、沃纳·海森堡和保罗·A.M·狄拉克创造。

第二年，狄拉克到哥廷根做客，碰巧的是他下榻在一位名叫加里奥的物理学家的大房子里，奥本海默正好也住在那里。

狄拉克当时25岁。

两个年轻人成了朋友——迄今为止他是唯一能和狄拉克建立友谊的人。

狄拉克如此年轻，可已经是个伟大的物理学家了，我确信他知道这一点。

也许他觉得无所谓。

然而，他从前，直至现在仍然是个谜。

他很少说话，但一旦开口，他的话往往极为精确，而且常常具有压倒一切的威力。

这一定对奥本海默产生了深远的影响。

当奥本海默还在打断伯恩的讲座，声称他可以运用量子理论把计箅做得更好的时候，只比他年长两岁的狄拉克已经设置了这个课题。

the merely very good课文翻译节选

the merely very good课文翻译节选因为从前我不曾参加过这种诗歌讲习班，所以无法想象其中会有些什么内容。

我倒是去过很多物理学讲习班，因此太知道它们都可能做什么：六个物理学家在一个带有黑板的房间里彼此叫嚷。

斯彭德要举行诗歌讲习班的房间里挤得满满当当的，容纳了大约有三十个人。

一个人也许不应该过于以貌取人，可是这些人大多数是女士——在我看来似乎过于迷恋诗歌，视它为救命稻草一般。

如果那时我能有幸接触到斯彭德的日记的话(不过这些日记几年以后才出版），我就会明白他对所有的这一切已经习以为常了。

事实上，自从十年前他从伦敦的大学学院退休以后就开始给这样的人群做讲座和开讲习班来维持生计。

我还得知，在1981年的时候他对此已经十分厌倦了，他也厌倦了去当他如今已经过世了的朋友——如奥登、C戴·刘易斯以及其他人的替身。

他虽然比他们每个人都长寿，可是仍活在他们的阴影里，尤其是奥登，那个与他在牛津初次结识的人，刚好和奥本海默遇到狄拉克是同一年龄，也是同一时期。

斯彭德带着一叠讲习班成员写的诗走了进来。

他没做任何开场就直接开始读起学员们的诗来。

我对于那些诗竟然写得如此糟糕感到十分，他们大多数都像一串清单，诸如“天空、性爱、海洋、大地、红色、绿色、蓝色”等等。

斯彭德没有露出任何想表达对这些诗的看法的意思，只是时不时间断朗读，找到作者问类似这样的问题：“为什么你选用红色而不是绿色？红色对你意味着什么？”他对这种流程十分熟练，如同在用自动驾驶仪一般。

很遗憾斯彭德的日记中没有记载关于这段时期的只言片语，但是很明显他当时有着一种丰富多彩的社交生活：某日与杰奎琳·奥纳西斯一同进餐，一星期以后在缪顿的罗氏银行——手段高明。

我感觉无论他怎么想都与这个讲习班无关。

然而不知为什么，我越来越觉得恼怒。

我猜这不关我的事。

但我耗费了一整天的时间，我觉得斯彭德欠了我们很多。

我说不出来欠的是什么——反正很多。

我的女友一定预料到了我要做些什么，因为她开始在她随身带来的一个大笔记本上狂写一通。

the merely very good 8-13paragragh

He seemed to be on autopilot.
• The questions Spender asked came out automatically, unthinkingly. He was rather mechanical, without giving the writings much thought.
Like Einstein, he had no school ... very few students.
• (1) school: a group of people held together by the same teachings, beliefs, opinions, methods, etc. • (2) following: a group of followers or adherents
He wore much of ... a sweater...r a blue coat. Instead he had on a sweater. So it cannot be called a blue suit.
• (Para10-13): the author’s meeting with Spender in 1981
... the mere wearing of which makes one feel instantly better.
•striped British shirt：product of the leader in male elegance and classic clothing,
• He is being a little ironical. He is hinting here that Spender likes expensive clothes because he cares much about status. To such a person, the wearing of a brand name, expensive shirt will certainly make him feel better.

《高级英语》课文逐句翻译（8）

lesson8-10 ⼈⽣的⼀课快⼀年了，⼤部分时间我都泡在家⾥、店铺、学校和教堂⾥，就像⼀块旧饼⼲，⼜脏⼜难以下咽。

For nearly a year， I sopped around the house， the Store， the school and the church， like an old biscuit， dirty and inedible. 这时我遇到或者说认识了抛给我第⼀根救⽣索的那位夫⼈。

Then I met， or rather got to know， the lady who threw me first lifeline. 波萨？弗劳尔斯夫⼈是斯坦普司⿊⼈区中的出类拔萃的⼈物。

Mrs. Bertha Flowers was the aristocrat of Black Stamps. 她动作优雅，即使在最冷的天⽓⾥也不缩⼿缩脚，⽽在阿肯⾊州的夏⽇⾥，她似乎⼜有属于⾃⼰的微风环绕在她的⾝旁，给她带来凉爽。

She had the grace of control to appear warm in the coldest weather， and one the Arkansas summer days it seemed she had a private breeze which swirled around， cooling her. 她的⽪肤深⿊迷⼈，如果被挂住就会像李⼦⽪⼀样剥落，但没有⼈敢离她近点，碰皱她的⾐服，更不要说挂住她的⽪肤了。

Her skin was a rich black that would have peeled like a plum if snagged， but then no one would have thought of getting close enough to Mrs. Flowers to ruffle her dress， let alone snag her skin. 她不太喜欢亲近，另外她还带着⼿套。

高级英语TheMerelyVeryGood

Jeremy Bernstein (1929- )
1955 – obtained Ph.D. from Harvard University.
1957-1961(?) – worked at the Institute of Advanced Study at Princeton, N.J.
1962 – became an associate professor of physics at New York University.
Lesson Eight Jeremy Bernstein
Contents
Background Information Text Analysis
Some Thoughts on the Text Rhetorics
Background Information
The Four Protagonists(IV)
W. H. Auden
English poet, was regarded by many as one of the greatest writers of the 20th century. His work is noted for its stylistic and technical achievements, its engagement with moral and political issues, and its variety of tone, form and content.
1967 – became a professor of physics at Stevens Institute of Technology & held the position
until 1993 – on the staff of The New Yorker magazine for over 30 years

高级英语第八课The-Merely-Very-Good

How are different people introduced into the article?
His decision to go to the conference
Oppenheimer’s anecdote: Oppenheimer and Dirac meet at Gottinggen, talk about poetry and physics.
Oppenheimer
Dirac
similarities
young talented physicist
differences using quantum mechanics to do better calculation
talkative, selfasserting
invented the theory of quantum mechanics
Some thoughts on the text：
Jack of all trades, but master of none(博而不专)
From the text ,we know that no matter how talented one may be ,if one doesn’t concentrate on a specific aspect,he
The Four Protagonists(II)
Stephen Spender
English poet and critic, concentrates on themes of social injustice and class struggle in his work. Perhaps his closest friend and the man who had the biggest influence on him was W. H. Auden.

the merely very good课文翻译及原文

the merely very good课文翻译及原文The Merely Very Good第八单元仅仅不错Jeremy Bernstein杰里米·伯恩斯坦Early in 1981 I received an invitation to give a lecture at a writers' conference that was being held someplace on the Delaware River in Pennsylvania, just across from New Jersey. I don't remember the exact location, but a study of the map convinces me that it was probably New Hope. My first inclination was to say no. There were several reasons. I was living in New York City and teaching full time. My weekends were precious and the idea of getting up before dawn on a Saturday, renting a car, and driving across the entire state of New Jersey to deliver a lecture was repellent. As I recall, the honorarium offered would have barely covered the expense. Furthermore, a subject had been suggested for my lecture that, in truth, no longer interested me. Since I both wrote and did physics, I had often been asked to discuss the connection, if any, between these two activities. When this first came up, Ifelt obligated to say something, but after twenty years, about the only thing that I felt like saying was that both physics and writing, especially if one wanted to do them well, were extremely difficult.早在1981年，我收到过一份请柬是邀请我在一个作家年会上做讲座，这次会议会在在宾夕法尼亚州特拉华河沿岸过新泽西不远的某个地方召开。

英文课本the merely very good课文翻译

英文课本the merely verygood课文翻译课本标题：仅仅不错。

翻译如下早在1981年，我曾收到过一份邀请我在一次作家年会上做讲座的请柬，这次会议将在宾夕法尼亚州特拉华河沿岸过新泽西不远的某地召开。

现在我记不清楚确切的地点了，但仔细查看地图后我确信那个地方应当是在新望市。

我一开始的意向是拒绝。

有多种原因。

首先我居住在纽约，并担负着一份全职的教学工作，周末对我而言是很宝贵的。

一想到要在周六天不亮就要起床，还得租车，接着驾车穿越整个新泽西州去做个讲座，实在是觉得很厌烦。

我回想起所给的酬金几乎还不够支付这段行程所需的这些花费。

此外，这个年会建议我讲的主题实际上我已经不再感兴趣了。

由于我既写作又从事物理学研究，因此人们经常让我去谈论两者之间的联系。

这个议题刚提出的时候，我觉得还有讲一讲的必要性。

可是二十年过去了，对此我现在唯一想要说的就是搞物理学和搞写作都极其困难，尤其是在一个人想将这两样做得尽善尽美的时候。

大会的中心议题似乎是诗歌，于是我想起罗伯特·奥本海默曾经讲述的关于他自己的一件事。

由于奥本海默将在下面的故事中扮演重要的角色，我会详细讲述他。

奥本海默1925年从哈佛毕业后，被授予研究员的资格到欧洲学习。

在英国他似乎有些神经衰弱的症状，在那里度过了一段不怎么愉快的时光之后，他转去德国攻读博士学位。

在哥廷根，他跟随著名的德国理论物理学家马克思·伯恩一起搞研究，并于1927年他23岁时在那里获得了博士学位。

1975年伯恩去世后出版的对奥本海默的回忆录中对其几乎毫无赞同之词。

“奥本海默，”他写道，“他是伟大的天才，我是在一种令人尴尬并频惹麻烦的方式上意识到他多么优秀。

在上我的量子力学的常规研讨课时，他经常打断发言者的话，不管他是谁，也包括我在内，然后跨上讲台，拿起粉笔，宣称：‘用下面的方式可以把这做得更好。

’”实际上，这种做法很糟糕，以至于他的同学恳求伯恩制止这样事情的再度发生。

高级英语上unit8

Para 4
Nowadays, the status of American women is changing. Please find out some examples about this.
• If you have a child, would you send him to private school or public school?
• It seems as though during the 1960s and 1970s we Americans made bold efforts to escape from old restrictions now intend to put an end to it, just as cautious people often do after excessive indulgence(放纵）.
• They believe in Christianity and are the members of the Christian churches, even though they attend religious services a bit less often, and they want their children to receive religious instruction.
主张实行自由企业制度，削减政府开支，平衡预算。在对外政策上，他强调苏联对全球的威胁，主张要加强美国力量，“通过实力取得和平与安全”，因此他主张大幅度增加国防预算，建立美国军事力量的优势。
It is as if our country spent the 1960s and 1970s jealously breaking out of old restraints and now wishes to put the brakes on, as cautious people often do after a binge.

高级英语第二册第八课课文翻译

第八课工人是创造者还是机器人只要不剥削他人，就得靠劳动来求生存。

不论其劳动方式是多么原始，多么简单，仅凭从事生产性劳动这一事实，就足以使人超出动物界。

把人定义为“从事生产的动物”是很有道理的。

但对于人来说，劳动不仅是必不可少的生存条件。

劳动还使他从自然界中解放出来，成为一个不依附于自然界的社会的人。

在劳动过程中，即在模铸和改造其自身以外的自然界的过程中，人也模铸和改造了他自己。

人由征服自然、驾驭自然才最终达到超出自然的境界，并进而逐步增强了自己的协作能力、思维能力和审美能力。

他将自己从自然界，从自己与自然结成的原始统一体中分离出来，同时又以主人翁和建设者的身分重新与自然相结合。

人的劳动方式越进步，其个性特征也就发挥得越充分。

在塑造和改造自然的过程中，人逐步学会了如何充分利用自己具有的各种能力，增进自己的技艺和创造性。

无论是法国南部洞穴中的美丽绘画，原始人所用武器上的纹饰图案，希腊的雕像和神殿，还是中世纪的教堂建筑，能工巧匠制作的桌椅，乃至农民培育出来的花木五谷等等——这些无一不是人利用自己的思维能力与技艺创造性地改造大自然的具体例证。

在西方历史上，手工技艺，尤其是十三、十四世纪中发展起来的手工技艺构成了人类创造性劳动发展史上的一个顶峰。

那时的劳动不仅是一项有现实价值的活动，而且是一项给人以巨大的满足的活动。

有关手工技艺的主要特征，美国社会学家米尔斯曾作过清楚的说明。

他说，“除了劳动者对于被制造的产品和制造产品的生产过程本身的兴趣之外，劳动并无其他的深层动机。

日常工作的细枝末节之所以有意义，是因为在劳动者的心目中，它们与劳动的产品密不可分。

劳动者不受任何约束地主宰自己的劳动行为。

这样，工匠艺人便能通过劳动过程来学习劳动技艺，并且在劳动过程中应用和提高自己的劳动技艺。

工作和娱乐、工作和文化活动融为一体。

工匠艺人的谋生手段决定并影响着其生活方式。

”随着中世纪社会结构的瓦解和现代生产方式的出现，劳动的社会意义和作用发生了根本性的变化，这一变化在新教国家尤为显著。

高级英语第二册(张汉熙)课文翻译

高级英语第二册课文翻译第一课迎战卡米尔号飓风第二课马拉喀什见闻第三课酒肆闲聊与标准英语第四课就职演说（1961年1月20日)第五课爱情就是谬误第六课从天窗中消失第七课爱丑之欲第八课工人是创造者还是机器第九课从奥米勒斯城出走的人第十课悲哀的青年一代第十一课英国人的未来第十二课一个发现:做一个美国人意味着什么第十三课为死刑辩护第十四课亦爱亦恨话纽约第一课迎战卡米尔号飓风小约翰。

柯夏克已料到，卡米尔号飓风来势定然凶猛。

就在去年8月17日那个星期天，当卡米尔号飓风越过墨西哥湾向西北进袭之时,收音机和电视里整天不断地播放着飓风警报。

柯夏克一家居住的地方一—密西西比州的高尔夫港——肯定会遭到这场飓风的猛烈袭击.路易斯安那、密西西比和亚拉巴马三州沿海一带的居民已有将近15万人逃往内陆安全地带。

但约翰就像沿海村落中其他成千上万的人一样,不愿舍弃家园，要他下决心弃家外逃,除非等到他的一家人一-妻子詹妮丝以及他们那七个年龄从三岁到十一岁的孩子一一眼看着就要灾祸临头。

为了找出应付这场风灾的最佳对策,他与父母商量过。

两位老人是早在一个月前就从加利福尼亚迁到这里来,住进柯夏克一家所住的那幢十个房间的屋子里.他还就此征求过从拉斯韦加斯开车来访的老朋友查理？希尔的意见。

约翰的全部产业就在自己家里（他开办的玛格纳制造公司是设计、研制各种教育玩具和教育用品的。

公司的一切往来函件、设计图纸和工艺模具全都放在一楼)。

37岁的他对飓风的威力是深有体会的.四年前，他原先拥有的位于高尔夫港以西几英里外的那个家就曾毁于贝翠号飓风(那场风灾前夕柯夏克已将全家搬到一家汽车旅馆过夜)。

不过，当时那幢房子所处的地势偏低,高出海平面仅几英尺。

“我们现在住的这幢房子高了23英尺,，’他对父亲说,“而且距离海边足有250码远。

这幢房子是1915年建造的。

至今还从未受到过飓风的袭击。

我们呆在这儿恐怕是再安全不过了。

"老柯夏克67岁．是个语粗心慈的熟练机械师。

高级英语unit8词汇,翻译,课后习题

Unit 8 An Interactive Lifecathedral ( n.) :any large，imposing church主教座堂，主教大堂；大教堂peak ( n.) :the highest or utmost point of anything；height；maximum最高点，顶点；最高值lucid (adj.) :clear to the mind；readily understood易懂的；明白的ulterior (adj.) :beyond what is exprssed，implied，or evident；undisclosed隐蔽的；秘而不宣的prosecution ( n.) :act of prosecuting彻底进行；执行；实行infuse ( v．) :．put(quality，idea，etc．)into，as if by pouring；instill；impart逐渐灌输(思想品德等)；把…传授给protestant (adj.) :of any of the Christian churches as a result of the Reformation新教(徒)的；基督教(徒)的obsess (v．) :haunt or trouble in mind，esp. to an abnormal degree；preoccupy deeply 使分心；使心神困扰(尤指精神反常，着迷)subdue ( v．) :bring into subjection；conquer；vanquish使屈服，征服asceticism ( n.) :the practice or way of life of an ascetic苦行(主义)；禁欲(主义) succinct ( adj.) :clearly and briefly stated；terse简明的；简短的stultify (v．) :make seem foolish，stupid，inconsistent，etc．；make absurd or ridiculous 使显得愚蠢(可笑)devoid (adj.) :completely not having；empty or destitute完全没有的；无(或缺乏的) premium ( n.) :a reward or prize，esp. one offered free or at a special。

高级英语unit8词汇,翻译,课后习题

Unit 8 An Interactive Lifecathedral ( n.) :any large，imposing church主教座堂，主教大堂；大教堂peak ( n.) :the highest or utmost point of anything；height；maximum最高点，顶点；最高值lucid (adj.) :clear to the mind；readily understood易懂的；明白的ulterior (adj.) :beyond what is exprssed，implied，or evident；undisclosed隐蔽的；秘而不宣的prosecution ( n.) :act of prosecuting彻底进行；执行；实行infuse ( v．) :．put(quality，idea，etc．)into，as if by pouring；instill；impart逐渐灌输(思想品德等)；把…传授给protestant (adj.) :of any of the Christian churches as a result of the Reformation新教(徒)的；基督教(徒)的obsess (v．) :haunt or trouble in mind，esp. to an abnormal degree；preoccupy deeply 使分心；使心神困扰(尤指精神反常，着迷)subdue ( v．) :bring into subjection；conquer；vanquish使屈服，征服asceticism ( n.) :the practice or way of life of an ascetic苦行(主义)；禁欲(主义) succinct ( adj.) :clearly and briefly stated；terse简明的；简短的stultify (v．) :make seem foolish，stupid，inconsistent，etc．；make absurd or ridiculous 使显得愚蠢(可笑)devoid (adj.) :completely not having；empty or destitute完全没有的；无(或缺乏的) premium ( n.) :a reward or prize，esp. one offered free or at a special。

lesson 8 The Merely Very Good

His other works include World Within World (1951), an autobiography; The Making of a Poem (1962), a critical study; Collected Poems 1928-1985 (1986); and Love-Hate Relations: English and American Sensibilities (1974), about literary exchanges between Britain and the United States. He edited Horizon magazine from 1939 to 1941 and Encounter . magazine from 1953 to 1967. Spender taught at various U.S. institutions, accepting the Elliston Chair of Poetry at Cincinnati University in 1953.
Jeremy Bernstein
(1929-____) born on Dec 31 American "physicist, educator, writer". He is widely known for the clarity of his writing for the lay reader on the major issues of modern physics
The importance of Dirac's work lies essentially in his famous wave equation. Taking into account the fact that, mathematically speaking, relativity theory and quantum theory are not only distinct from each other, but also oppose each other, Dirac's work could be considered a fruitful reconciliation between the two theories.

Lesson-8-The-Merely-Very-Good讲课教案

he studied electrical engineering, obtaining the B.S. (Engineering) degree in 1921. He then studied mathematics for two years at Bristol University, later going on to St.John's College, Cambridge, as a research student in mathematics. He received his Ph.D. degree in 1926. The following year he became a Fellow of St.John's College and, in 1932, Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge.
W. H. Auden
W.H.Auden(1907—1973) British-born American writer and critic . As a young man he was influenced by the poetry of Thomas Hardy and Robert Frost, as well as William Blake, Emily Dickinson, Gerard M.Hopkins, and Old English verse. He formed lifelong friendships with two fellow writers---Stephen Spender and Christopher Isherwood .
was later to translate
various German poets.

the merely very good课件

复杂句式表达
总结词
使表达更清晰
详细描述
复杂句式表达能够使课件更清晰、更有条理。可以通过使用从句、介词短语、分词等语法结构来构建复杂的句子。例如，“In order to achieve the desired outcome, it is necessary to follow the provided guidelines.” 这样的句子结构能够更好地表达意思，使读者更容易理解。
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写好引言部分，以吸引读者的注意力，为文章打下良好的基础。可以采取提问、引出话题等方式，激发读者的阅读兴趣。
结论部分
在文章的结尾部分，要对全文进行总结，概括主要观点和结论，同时也可以提出建议或展望。
段落展开方式
主题句
每个段落应该有一个主题句，明确表达该段的主要内容，以便读者更好地理解。主题句要简洁明了，能够概括整个段落的核心内容。
重要性及应用
重要性
阐述主题在现实生活中的重要性和应用价值，以引起学生的兴趣和重视。
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学习目标
01
02
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明确课程所涉及的知识点和技能，为学生提供明确的学习目标。

高级英语第二册第八课课后题

Lesson 8ExercisesI.Write a short note on Peter F.Dructer.[SRB]1.Who’s who (1972)2.The International Who’s who (1976-1979)II. Questions on content:1.Why is man defined as “ the animal that produces”?2.How does work liberate man from nature and make him a social andindependent being?3.Why, according to Fromm, was work meaningful in the thirteenth andfourteenth centuries in the Western countries?4.How did the meaning of work change after the collapse of the medieval socialstructure? How did people’s sense of insecurity influence their work? What part did religion play?5.What two views of work were common during the first centuries of the modernera? How did different classes view work differently? How, according to Fromm, did these views emerge?6.How has the industrial worker’s role changed? What is his relationship to themachine?7.What, according to Peter Drucker, is the meaning of a job in the automobileindustry? Why is this meaning inadequate for the worker?8.What has most concerned researchers in industrial psychology? How has thecomparision of worker to a machine influenced these investigations?9.What two reactions has the alienated nature of work today resulted in,according to Fromm?III. Questions on appreciation:1.How do the ideas presented in paragraph 1 prepare the reader for paragraph 2?2.How does paragraph 2 provide the definition of an ideal kind of work?3.Are the first two paragraphs important? What role do they play in the wholeessay?4.How do the quotations from C.W. MILLS and P.Drucker support and developFromm’s point? Are quotations more effective than a paraphrase or a summary?5.Why are industrial psychologists concerned with “human relations,” accordingto Fromm? What are Fromm’s reactions to their endeavors? How does he make his reactions clear to his readers?6.Review the ways in which Fromm demonstrates that work “has becomealienated” from people. When did this alienation begin? What caused it? What have been its effects?7.The method of causal analysis is used in the writing of this essay. Explain howFromm’s survey of the history of people’s attitude toward work is essential to the development of his causal analysis.8.Do you have any comments or criticism to make on some of the points or viewsput forward by Fromm? Give your reas ons/IV. Paraphrase:1.…by the very fact of production, he has risen above the animalkingdom…(para1)2.Work is also his liberator from nature, his creator as a social and independentbeing.(para1)3.…all are expressions of the creative transformation of nature by man’s reasonand skill.(para 1)4.There is no split of work and play, or work and culture.(para2)5.Work becomes the chief factor in a system of “innerworldly ascetcism,”ananswer to man’s sense of aloneness and isolation. (para3)6.Work has become alienated from the working person.（para5）7.Work is a means of getting money, not in itself a meaningful humanactivity.(para7)8.…a pay check is not enough to base one’s self respect on. (para7)9.…most industrial psychologists are mainly concerned with the manipulation ofworker’s psyche. （para9）10.It is going to pay off in cold dollars and cents to management, … (para9)11.But this usefulness often serves only as a rationalization for the appeal tocomplete passivity and receptivity. (para11)12.…he has a feeling of fraudulency about his product and a secret contempt for it.(para13)V. Translate paragraph 9 into Chinese.VI.Look up the dictionary and explain the meaning of the italicized words:1.he has risen above the animal kingdom (para1)2.as a social and independent being (para1)3.develop his capacities and skills in its prosecution (para2)4.he was among the “chosen” ones (para4)5.Work has become alienated from the working person. (para5)6.the whole product in its physical aspects (para6)7.rather than its master as an active agent (para6)8.this puts a premium on slovenly work (para7)9.how he can made to work with less friction (para9)10.with the manipulation of the worker’s psyche (para9)11.It is going to pay off in cold dollars and cents to management … (para9)12.There are, of course, many useful and labor saving gadgets. (para11)VII. Give ten synonymous and/or related words of the word creator (meaning producer). Give words of the same part of speech.VIII. Give corresponding nouns for the following adjectives or verbs:1.appropriate 11. English2.precise 12. ambiguous3.subtle 13. amass4.prefer 14. disappoint5.accept 15. disallow6.assemble 16. physiological7.absent-minded 17. provoke8.sincere 18. judge9.carry 19. understand10.inherit 20. extendIX. Add the suffix-ship or –dom or –hood to the following words:1.false 11. guardian2.official 12. seaman3.bachelor 13. knight4.woman 14. duke5.lord 15. marksman6.dean 16. prince7.priest 17. town8.king 18. censor9.brother 19. serf10.trustee 20.citizenX.Explain how the meaning of the following sentences is affected when the italicized words are replaced with the words in brackets. Pay attention to the shades of meaning of the words:1. However primitive and simple his method of work may be, by the very fact ofproduction, he has risen above the animal kingdom; rightly has he been defined as “the animal that produces.” (backward) (correctly)2. The more his work develops, the more his individuality develops. (individualism)3. Work was not only a useful activity, but one which carried with it a profoundsatisfaction. (action)4. There is no split of work and play, or work and culture. (difference between)5. The outcome of this activity, success or failure, decided his salvation, indicatingwhether he was among the saved or the lost souls. (consequence)6. The first centuries of the modern era find the meaning or work divided into thatof duty among the middle class and that of forced labor among those without property. (wealth)7. P.Drucker, observing workers in the automobile industry, expresses this idea verysuccinctly. (briefly)8. Most investigations in the field of industrial psychology are concerned with thequestion of how the productivity of the individual worker can be increased (products)9. most industrial psychologists are mainly concerned with the manipulation of theworker’s psyche (psychology)10. One speaks of “human relation”and one means the most inhuman relations(humane)Ⅺ.For each of the following, give another word or expression with similar meaning found in the text:1. be detached from 6. act2. mode 7. gadget3. duty 8. riches4. role 9. passivity5. feature 10. longingXII.Read the following paragraphs and prepare to discuss: 1) What is the central idea of the paragraph? 2) What method is used in developing the central idea? 1.I love my lawyer. My lawyer is not an ordinary person. My lawyer is a rebel, arevolutionary who is alienated fundamental from the status quo, probably with as great an intensity, conviction, and irretrievability as I am alienated from it - and probably with more intelligence, compassion, and humanity. If you read the papers, you are no doubt aware of my lawyer’s incessant involvement in agitation against all intervention in the internal affairs of the Vietnamese people or the invasion of the Dominican Republic by U.S. Marines. And my lawyer defends civil rights demonstrators, sit –inners, and the Free Speech students who rebelled against the Kerr – Strong machine at the University of California.My love for my lawyer is due, in part, to these activities and involvements, because we are always on the same side of the issues.2.Of all the forces which have temted us to lose our sense of history, none hasbeen more potent than television. While, of course, television levels distance –puts us closer and more vividly present in Washington than we are in our state capital and takes us all instantly to the moon – it has had a less noticeable but equally potent effect on our sense of time. Because television enables us to b there, anywhere, instantly, precisely because it fills the instant present moment with experience so engrossing and overwhelming, it dulls our sense of the past.If it had not been possible for us all to accompany Scott and Irwin on their voyage of exploration on the moon, we would have had to wait to be engrossed in retrospect by the vivid chronicle of some Francis Parkman or Samuel Eliot Morison, and there would then have been no possible doubt that the moon journey was part of the stream of our history. But with television we saw that historic event –as we now see more and more of whatever goes on in our country – as only another vivid item in the present.XIII. Topics for oral work:1.Do you agree with all the views of the writer? What criticisms have you tomake?2.Do we have any problems in the management of our industry? How shouldwe solve them?XIV. Write a short expository composition on：Workers in Socialist China.。

高级英语第二册第八课课后题

Lesson 8ExercisesI.Write a short note on Peter F.Dructer.[SRB]1.Who’s who (1972)2.The International Who’s who (1976-1979)II. Questions on content:1.Why is man defined as “ the animal that produces”?2.How does work liberate man from nature and make him a social andindependent being?3.Why, according to Fromm, was work meaningful in the thirteenth andfourteenth centuries in the Western countries?4.How did the meaning of work change after the collapse of the medieval socialstructure? How did people’s sense of insecurity influence their work? What part did religion play?5.What two views of work were common during the first centuries of the modernera? How did different classes view work differently? How, according to Fromm, did these views emerge?6.How has the industrial worker’s role changed? What is his relationship to themachine?7.What, according to Peter Drucker, is the meaning of a job in the automobileindustry? Why is this meaning inadequate for the worker?8.What has most concerned researchers in industrial psychology? How has thecomparision of worker to a machine influenced these investigations?9.What two reactions has the alienated nature of work today resulted in,according to Fromm?III. Questions on appreciation:1.How do the ideas presented in paragraph 1 prepare the reader for paragraph 2?2.How does paragraph 2 provide the definition of an ideal kind of work?3.Are the first two paragraphs important? What role do they play in the wholeessay?4.How do the quotations from C.W. MILLS and P.Drucker support and developFromm’s point? Are quotations more effective than a paraphrase or a summary?5.Why are industrial psychologists concerned with “human relations,” accordingto Fromm? What are Fromm’s reactions to their endeavors? How does he make his reactions clear to his readers?6.Review the ways in which Fromm demonstrates that work “has becomealienated” from people. When did this alienation begin? What caused it? What have been its effects?7.The method of causal analysis is used in the writing of this essay. Explain howFromm’s survey of the history of people’s attitude toward work is essential to the development of his causal analysis.8.Do you have any comments or criticism to make on some of the points or viewsput forward by Fromm? Give your reas ons/IV. Paraphrase:1.…by the very fact of production, he has risen above the animalkingdom…(para1)2.Work is also his liberator from nature, his creator as a social and independentbeing.(para1)3.…all are expressions of the creative transformation of nature by man’s reasonand skill.(para 1)4.There is no split of work and play, or work and culture.(para2)5.Work becomes the chief factor in a system of “innerworldly ascetcism,”ananswer to man’s sense of aloneness and isolation. (para3)6.Work has become alienated from the working person.（para5）7.Work is a means of getting money, not in itself a meaningful humanactivity.(para7)8.…a pay check is not enough to base one’s self respect on. (para7)9.…most industrial psychologists are mainly concerned with the manipulation ofworker’s psyche. （para9）10.It is going to pay off in cold dollars and cents to management, … (para9)11.But this usefulness often serves only as a rationalization for the appeal tocomplete passivity and receptivity. (para11)12.…he has a feeling of fraudulency about his product and a secret contempt for it.(para13)V. Translate paragraph 9 into Chinese.VI.Look up the dictionary and explain the meaning of the italicized words:1.he has risen above the animal kingdom (para1)2.as a social and independent being (para1)3.develop his capacities and skills in its prosecution (para2)4.he was among the “chosen” ones (para4)5.Work has become alienated from the working person. (para5)6.the whole product in its physical aspects (para6)7.rather than its master as an active agent (para6)8.this puts a premium on slovenly work (para7)9.how he can made to work with less friction (para9)10.with the manipulation of the worker’s psyche (para9)11.It is going to pay off in cold dollars and cents to management … (para9)12.There are, of course, many useful and labor saving gadgets. (para11)VII. Give ten synonymous and/or related words of the word creator (meaning producer). Give words of the same part of speech.VIII. Give corresponding nouns for the following adjectives or verbs:1.appropriate 11. English2.precise 12. ambiguous3.subtle 13. amass4.prefer 14. disappoint5.accept 15. disallow6.assemble 16. physiological7.absent-minded 17. provoke8.sincere 18. judge9.carry 19. understand10.inherit 20. extendIX. Add the suffix-ship or –dom or –hood to the following words:1.false 11. guardian2.official 12. seaman3.bachelor 13. knight4.woman 14. duke5.lord 15. marksman6.dean 16. prince7.priest 17. town8.king 18. censor9.brother 19. serf10.trustee 20.citizenX.Explain how the meaning of the following sentences is affected when the italicized words are replaced with the words in brackets. Pay attention to the shades of meaning of the words:1. However primitive and simple his method of work may be, by the very fact ofproduction, he has risen above the animal kingdom; rightly has he been defined as “the animal that produces.” (backward) (correctly)2. The more his work develops, the more his individuality develops. (individualism)3. Work was not only a useful activity, but one which carried with it a profoundsatisfaction. (action)4. There is no split of work and play, or work and culture. (difference between)5. The outcome of this activity, success or failure, decided his salvation, indicatingwhether he was among the saved or the lost souls. (consequence)6. The first centuries of the modern era find the meaning or work divided into thatof duty among the middle class and that of forced labor among those without property. (wealth)7. P.Drucker, observing workers in the automobile industry, expresses this idea verysuccinctly. (briefly)8. Most investigations in the field of industrial psychology are concerned with thequestion of how the productivity of the individual worker can be increased (products)9. most industrial psychologists are mainly concerned with the manipulation of theworker’s psyche (psychology)10. One speaks of “human relation”and one means the most inhuman relations(humane)Ⅺ.For each of the following, give another word or expression with similar meaning found in the text:1. be detached from 6. act2. mode 7. gadget3. duty 8. riches4. role 9. passivity5. feature 10. longingXII.Read the following paragraphs and prepare to discuss: 1) What is the central idea of the paragraph? 2) What method is used in developing the central idea? 1.I love my lawyer. My lawyer is not an ordinary person. My lawyer is a rebel, arevolutionary who is alienated fundamental from the status quo, probably with as great an intensity, conviction, and irretrievability as I am alienated from it - and probably with more intelligence, compassion, and humanity. If you read the papers, you are no doubt aware of my lawyer’s incessant involvement in agitation against all intervention in the internal affairs of the Vietnamese people or the invasion of the Dominican Republic by U.S. Marines. And my lawyer defends civil rights demonstrators, sit –inners, and the Free Speech students who rebelled against the Kerr – Strong machine at the University of California.My love for my lawyer is due, in part, to these activities and involvements, because we are always on the same side of the issues.2.Of all the forces which have temted us to lose our sense of history, none hasbeen more potent than television. While, of course, television levels distance –puts us closer and more vividly present in Washington than we are in our state capital and takes us all instantly to the moon – it has had a less noticeable but equally potent effect on our sense of time. Because television enables us to b there, anywhere, instantly, precisely because it fills the instant present moment with experience so engrossing and overwhelming, it dulls our sense of the past.If it had not been possible for us all to accompany Scott and Irwin on their voyage of exploration on the moon, we would have had to wait to be engrossed in retrospect by the vivid chronicle of some Francis Parkman or Samuel Eliot Morison, and there would then have been no possible doubt that the moon journey was part of the stream of our history. But with television we saw that historic event –as we now see more and more of whatever goes on in our country – as only another vivid item in the present.XIII. Topics for oral work:1.Do you agree with all the views of the writer? What criticisms have you tomake?2.Do we have any problems in the management of our industry? How shouldwe solve them?XIV. Write a short expository composition on：Workers in Socialist China.。