美国联邦政府结构

President
The President is both the head of state and government, as well as the military commander-in-chief and chief diplomat. According to the Constitution, the President must "take care that the laws be faithfully executed", and "preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution". Vice president: President of the Senate and becomes President if the President is unable to serve.
The Supreme Court of the United States
Executive Office of the President
The Executive Office provides the president with the support the he or she needs to govern effectively which includes: White House Office(白宫 白宫) 白宫 National Critical Materials Council（国家重要物资委员会） （国家重要物资委员会） Office of Management and Budget（行政管理和预算局） （行政管理和预算局） Council on Environmental Quality（改善环境质量委员会） （改善环境质量委员会） Council of Economic Advisers（经济顾问委员会） （经济顾问委员会） Office of Science and Technology（科技局） （科技局） National Security Council（国家安全委员会） （国家安全委员会） Office of Administration（行政办公室） （行政办公室） Office of the U.S. Trade Representatives（美国贸易代表办公室） （美国贸易代表办公室） Office of National Drug Control Policy（国家麻醉品控制政策办公室） （国家麻醉品控制政策办公室）
Executive Departments
Department heads advise the President on policy issues and help execute those policies.
Fifteen Government Departments
Department of State(国务院 国务院) 国务院 Department of the Treasury(财政部 财政部) 财政部 Department of Defense(国防部 国防部) 国防部 Department of Justice（司法部） （司法部） Department of the Interior（内政部） （内政部） Department of Agriculture（农业部） （农业部） Department of Commerce（商务部） （商务部） Department of Labor（劳动部） （劳动部） Department of Health and Human Services（卫生部） （卫生部） Department of Housing and Urban Development（住房和城市房展部） （住房和城市房展部） Department of Transportation（交通部） （交通部） Department of Education（教育部） （教育部） Department of Veterans Affairs（退伍军人事务部） （退伍军人事务部） Department of Homeland and Security（国土安全部）（ ）（2003） （国土安全部）（ ）
Executive Branch
The executive branch of the Government is responsible for enforcing the laws of the land. It is the largest compared with the other two branches. The president is the leader of the executive branch. Besides the president and the vice president , there are departments ,independent agencies and commissions help to enforce the policies and laws.
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Federal Agencies & Commissions
There are hundreds of federal agencies and commissions charged with handling such responsibilities as managing America's space Program, protecting its forests, and gathering intelligence. Some Agencies:
The President's Cabinet
• The Cabinet includes the Vice President and the heads of 15 executive departments
President Obama at Cabinet meeting at the White House
Central Intelligence Agency(中情局 中情局) 中情局 The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (美国航天局 美国航天局) 美国航天局
The Judicial Branch—Federal Court
• The federal judges ,members of the Judicial Branch, are appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate.
The structure of the U.S. Federal Government
Independence Hall—Symbol of U.S. Government
Symbols of the U.S. Government
About the Federal Government
• The federal government consists of three parts
The Powers of Congress
• The Constitution grants Congress "all legislative powers" in the national government., includes: • Coining money. • Maintaining a military. • Declaring war on other countries. • Regulating interstate and foreign commerce • controlling federal taxing and spending policies • make all laws which shall be necessary and proper • investigate and oversee the executive branch
Congress: Legislative branch. President: Executive branch. Federal Court: Judicial branch.
Congress
Congress has the power to make laws. It is bicameral (两院制) comprising the following two parts. Senate(参议院): 100 senators in total (each state has 2). 6-year serve term (every 2 year change 1/3).The vice president is the speaker of the Senate. House of Representative（众议院）:435 members in total ( The number of every state’s seats based on the state’s population).