2014年北京科技大学832环境学导论考研真题
北京科技大学2014年硕士研究生入学考试试题840暖通空调
B）A. 系统的总阻抗减小，总流量增加B. 各用户的流量均增加C. 用户2的流量增加，用户1,3的流量减小D. 用户2的室温升高，用户1,3的室温降低4. 提高热水网络水里稳定性的主要方法，应选择下列哪一项？（）A. 网络水力计算时应选用较小的比摩阻值，用户水力计算选用较大的比摩阻值B. 网络水力计算时选用较大的比摩阻值C. 用户水力计算选用较小的比摩阻值D. 网络水力计算时选用较大的比摩阻值，用户水力计算时选用较小的比摩阻值5. 下图所示室外热水采暖干管同程系统中，1#，2#，3#楼的室内系统均相同，而供水管径A~B,B~C和回水管段D~E,E~F的管径均相同，如果不进行调节，试判断哪一幢建筑得到的流量相对最少。
（）A. 1#楼B. 2#楼C. 3#楼D. 均相同6. 热水采暖系统中的重力作用压头与下列哪一项无关？（）A. 锅炉安装高度B. 散热器安装高度C. 膨胀水箱安装高度D. 室内干管安装高度7. 下列气流分布评价指标中，（）反映了通风或空调系统排出污染物的能力。
A．空气分布特性指标B．换气效率C．通风效率D．温度效率8. 空调水系统设计中，下列哪一项是错误的？（）A．循环水泵出口管道增加平衡阀B．主要设备与控制阀门前安装过滤器C．并联工作的冷却塔加装平衡管D．设置必要的固定点与补偿装置9. 某新风空调机组的功能段及组合流程如下图所示。
以下哪一项焓湿图可定性表示该机组在冬季的空气处理过程？（O点：送风状态点，N点：室内点，W 点：室外点）（）10. 下列哪一项是溶液除湿空调系统的特点？（）A．空气可达到低含湿量，系统复杂，初投资高，可实现运行调节B．空气难达到低含湿量，系统复杂，初投资高，运行能耗高C．空气难达到低含湿量，可利用低品位热能，可实现热回收D．空气可达到低含湿量，可利用低品位热能，无法实现运行调节11. 某夏季设空调的外区办公房间，每天空调系统及人员办公的使用时间为8:00~18:00。
北京科技大学823微生物学2014到2006九套考研真题
北京科技大学2014年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题======================================================================== 试题编号：823 试题名称：微生物学B （共5 页）
适用专业：生物化学与分子生物学、生物工程（专业学位）
说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。
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一、名词解释（20分，每题2分）
1、质粒：
2、转座因子：
3、次级代谢：
4、微生物的主要特征：
5、单克隆菌落：
6、生长因子：
7、芽孢（内生孢子）：
8、缩短微生物生长延迟期的方法：
9、光合磷酸化：
10、病毒：
二、填空题（30分，每空0.5分）
1. 微生物包括：细胞结构不能独立生活的、；具原核细胞结构的和；具真核细胞结构的、和等。
1977年伍斯（Woese）利用建立分子进化树将生物分为3个域分别是、和。
用自制的显微镜首先观察到微生物的存在。
和是微生物学的奠基人。
（15）
2. 二组分调节系统由细胞膜上和 2 种不同的蛋白
1。
2014年北京科技大学考研试题管理学原理
北京科技大学2014年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题=============================================================================================================试题编号：621试题名称：管理学原理A（共5页）适用专业：行政管理说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。
=============================================================================================================一、名词解释（每题4分，5道题，共20分）1．等级链2．管理幅度3．六西格玛（Six Sigma）4．循证管理5．五力分析模型二、单项选择题（每题3分，10道题，共30分）1．泰勒提出的挑选“一等工人”，指的是要实现（）。
A．工作定额B．标准化管理C．人岗匹配D．专业分工2．制定决策时，容易出现一些偏见和错误。
其中，（）是指决策者通常只记得最近发生的、在他们脑海里生动形象的事情，从而在决策时失去客观性。
A．可获得性偏见B．启发法偏见C．自负偏见D．即时满足偏见3．企业稳定战略指的是，企业继续从事当前各种业务的一种战略，下列不属于稳定战略的是（）。
A．暂停与谨慎前进战略B．无变战略C．利润战略D．更新战略4．有机式组织拥有一种高度灵活和适应性强的结构。
下列属于有机式组织的是（）。
A．简单结构B．职能结构C．事业部结构D．矩阵结构5．归因是指人们利用信息，对自己及他人行为的原因加以推断的过程。
（）认为，内因行为受到个体控制；外因行为由外部因素引起。
A．海德的归因理论B．凯因的归因理论C．维纳的成败归因理论D．斯金纳的强化理论6．下列有关管理思想史的观点错误．．的是（）A.科学管理和一般管理理论都强调理性和效率。
2014年北京科技大学823微生物学B考研真题及详解(圣才出品)
圣才电子书 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台
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圣才电子书 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台
2014 年北京科技大学 823 微生物学 B 考研真题及详解
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圣才电子书 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台
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2014年北京科技大学考研试题 综合英语
北京科技大学2014年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题=========================================================================================================试题编号：874试题名称：综合英语（共6页）适用专业：外国语言文学说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。
=========================================================================================================说明：This paper covers FOUR subjects:(1)A Survey of Great Britain and the United States,(2)British Literature,(3)American Literature,and(4)GeneralLinguistics.You have180minutes to complete the whole paper.Please timeyour pace well.Part I.Survey of Great Britain and the United States(30points)I.Fill in the blanks:Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each two unfinished sentences or questions four suggested choices marked A,B, C,and D are given.Choose the ONE that you think best completes the statement or answers the question.Write the letter of your choice in the corresponding space on your Answer Sheet after the numbers.(10points)1.Britain had been one of the most important countries in the world.About100years ago,as a result of its____________,Britain ruled an empire that had1/4of the world’s people and1/4of the world’s land area.However,____________greatly weakened Britain.The British Empire gradually disappeared and it was replaced by the British Commonwealth in1931.A.industrializationB.imperialist expansionC.the two world warsD.independence of India2.The harsh terms of the Treaty of_________after WWI had left Germany embittered and unstable.With the coming of Hitler and Nazism in Germany,the treaty arrangements began to crumble.Hitler reoccupied__________in1936,and then Austria in1938.A.BerlinB.VersaillesC.SudetenlandD.Rhineland3.At the general election of1945_________was heavily defeated.The British people had suffered the Blitz and the warfare,and they didn’t want Britain to return to the politics of the1930s and hoped that the_________Party would sort out the problems of the war-torn country.A.ChurchillB.ChamberlainC.Conservativebor4.As a result of the_________and the Watergate scandal,American prestige became much lower abroad in the late1970s and early1980s,and in the face of Soviet aggressive expansion the US seemed impotent.This made many Americans feel humiliated.All this brought about a rise in New Right conservatism.It was this trend of conservatism that brought_________into the White House.A.Vietnam WarB.Cuban Missile CrisisC.ReganD.Clinton5.In Feb1972,President_________visited China and the two countries issued the Shanghai Communique,which led to the establishment of diplomatic relations in1979. But soon,American congress,supported by the_________Administration,adopted the Taiwan Relations Act which,in words and spirit,violates the spirit of the agreement.A.ReganB.NixonC.TrumanD.CarterII.Answer the following questions in the corresponding space on your Answer Sheet.(20points)1.What are the main contents of Thatcherism?What was the situation of Britain during Mrs Thatcher’s administration?(8)2.What are the major decisions at the three meeting of the leaders of the US,the Soviet Union and Britain during the WWII?(6)3.What was the American policy towards the Soviet Union during the WWII?(6)Part II.British Literature(30points)I.Fill in the blanks:write your answers on your Answer Sheet after the numbers.(10 points)1.A sonnet is a poem of14lines,usually in iambic pentameter with various rhymingschemes.It was first written by the Italian poet______and introduced to England by Thomas Wyatt.But the best British sonneteer is______,whose sonnet consists of three quatrains with a rhyming scheme abab cdcd efef and ends with a couplet rhyming gg.2.As the author of Auld Lang Syne and A Red,Red Rose,______was born inScotland in a poor peasant family.He wrote poems and songs in the Scottish dialect and his works are permeated with______spirit.3.Known as a pioneer novelist of England,Daniel Defoe was particularlyremembered for two novels:________,whose hero is typical of the rising English bourgeois class,practical and diligent;and________which tells the story of the daughter of a woman who had committed theft and was later transported to Virginia.4.During the1950s there appeared a group of young writers who were fiercely criticalof the established order.They were called“__________”,a term from John Osborne’s play Look Back in Anger.5.Being the most important work in the English medieval literature,______is deeplyinfluenced by the Italian writer Boccacio’s Decameron.6.Bernard Shaw’s main contribution to English literature is his dramas.Like Ibsen,hewas much concerned about__________of his time.By means of witty remarks, surprise,and paradoxes,he tries to shock the conventional audience.Among his plays,the best known ones are Pygmalion,Heartbreak House,and__________, whose heroine is the daughter of a millionaire named Undershaft.II.Identify the title of the work of the following excerpts:write the titles of the works on your Answer Sheet.(6points)1.Continuous as the stars that shineAnd twinkle on the Milky Way,They stretched in never-ending lineAlong the margin of a bay:2....To die,to sleep;No more;and by a sleep to say we endThe heartache,and the thousand natural shockThat flesh is heir to,its a consummationDevoutly to be wished.3.Behold her,single in the filed,Yon solitary Highland Lass1Reaping and singing by herself;Stop here,or gently pass!4.Thou was not born for death,immortal Bird!No hungry generations tread thee down;The voice I hear this passing night was heardIn ancient days by emperor and clown:5.“I am not talking to you now through the medium of custom,conventionalities,nor even of mortal flesh:it is my spirit that addresses your spirit;just as if both had passed through the grave,and we stood at God’s feet,equal—as we are….”6.My great miseries in this world have been Heathcliff’s miseries….My love forLinton is like the foliage in the woods.Time will change it,I’m well aware,as winter changes the trees.My love for Heathcliff resembles the eternal rocks beneath…III.Do as required or answer the questions concerning the paragraphs provided: write your answers on your Answer Sheet.(14points)1.What are the features of Victorian England?(4)2.Read the except from Jane Eyre and then answer the questions:(10)"Madam,allow me an instant.You are aware that my plan in bringing up these girls is,not to accustom them to habits of luxury and indulgence,but to render themhardy,patient,self-denying.…Madam,"he pursued,"I have a Master to serve whose kingdom is not of this world:my mission is to mortify in these girls the lusts of the flesh;to teach them to clothe themselves with shame-facedness and sobriety,not with braided hair and costly apparel;and each of the young persons before us has a string of hair twisted in plaits which vanity itself might have woven;these,I repeat,must be cut off;think of the time wasted,of--"Mr.Brocklehurst was here interrupted:three other visitors(Mrs.and the Misses Brocklehurst),ladies,now entered the room.They ought to have come a little sooner to have heard his lecture on dress,for they were splendidly attired in velvet,silk,and furs.The two younger of the trio(fine girls of sixteen and seventeen)had grey beaver hats,then in fashion,shaded with ostrich plumes,and from under the brim of this graceful head-dress fell a profusion of light tresses,elaborately curled;the elder lady was enveloped in a costly velvet shawl,and she wore a false front of French curls.Questions:1)How does Mr.Brocklehurst lesson the poor orphans in the charity school?Andwhat kind of persons does he intend to bring the orphan girls into?2)How does the appearance of his wife and daughters form a ironic contrast towhat he forbids the orphan girls to do?Part III.American Literature(30points)I.Match the following authors with their works:write your answers on your Answer Sheet after the numbers.(7points)1.Salinger Moby-Dick2.Longfellow Mending Wall3.Allen Poe Martin Eden4.Jake London The Fall of the House of Usher5.Herman Melville A Psalm of life6.Eugene O’Neill The Catcher in the Rye7.Robert Frost Long Day’s Journey into NightII.Identify the title of the work of the following excerpts:write the titles of the works on your Answer Sheet.(6points)1.I shall be telling this with a signSomewhere ages and ages henceTwo roads diverged in a wood,and I–And that has made all the difference.2.When the young woman–the mother of this child–stood fully revealed beforethe crowd,it seemed to be her first impulse to clasp the infant closely to herbosom…On the breast of her gown,in fine red cloth,surrounded with an elaborate embroidery and fantastic flourishes of gold-thread,appeared the letter A.3.And as I sat there brooding on the old,unknown world,I thought of X’s wonderwhen he first picked out the green light at the end of Daisy’s dock.He had come a long way to this blue lawn,and his dream must have seemed so close that he could hardly fail to grasp it.4.The woods are lovely,dark and deep,But I have promises to keep,And miles to go before I sleep,And miles to go before I sleep.5.We passed the School,where Children stroveAt Recess—in the Ring—We passed the Fields of Gazing Grain—We passed the Setting Sun—6.Once upon a midnight dreary,while I pondered,weak and weary,Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore—While I nodded,nearly napping,suddenly there came a tapping,As of some one gently rapping,rapping at chamber door—III.Essay questions or do as you are required:write your answers on your Answer Sheet.(17points)1.What is American naturalism?(3)2.What are the features of Whitman’s poetry?And how do you understand the imageof leaves of grass in his poems?(4)3.Translate the following sentences from Nature by Emerson:(4)The foregoing generations beheld God and nature face to face;we,through their eyes.Why should not we also enjoy an original relation to the universe?Why should not we have a poetry and philosophy of insight and not of tradition,and a religion by revelation to us,and not the history of theirs?4.Read the except from the1st chapter of The Scarlett Letter and answer the question:(6)The Prison DoorThe founders of a new colony,whatever Utopia of human virtue and happiness they might originally project,have invariably recognized it among their earliest practical necessities to allot a portion of the virgin soil as a cemetery,and another portion as the site of a prison.In accordance with this rule,it may safely be assumed that the forefathers of Boston had built the first prison-house,almost as seasonably as they marked out the first burial-ground….Certain it is,that,some fifteen or twenty years after the settlement of the town,the wooden jail was already marked with weather-stains and other indications of age,which gave a yet darker aspect to its beetle-browed and gloomy front.The rust on the ponderous iron-work of its oaken door looked more antique than anything else in the new world.Like all that pertains to crime,it seemed never to have known a youthful era.Before this ugly edifice,and between it and the wheel-track of the street,was a grass-plot,much overgrown withvarious unsightly vegetation,which evidently found something congenial in the soil that had so early borne the black flower of civilized society,a prison. But,on one side of the portal,and rooted almost at the threshold,was a wild rose-bush,covered,in this month of June,with its delicate gems,which might be imagined to offer their fragrance and fragile beauty to the prisoner as he went in,and to the condemned criminal as he came forth to his doom,in token that the deep heart of Nature could pity and be kind to him.Questions:Here the two central images are the prison door and the rose-bush.What features do they have respectively and what do they represent in the novel?Part IV General Linguistics(60points)Part I Define the following linguistic terms in your own words(20points,4points each).municative Competence2.Semantic Triangle3.Assimilation4.Transitivity5.ForegroundingPart II Finish the following according to the requirements for each(15points,5 points each):1.What is Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?How do you comment on it?2.Discuss the relationship between“arbitrariness”and“iconicity”of language.3.What are Saussure’s contributions to modern linguistics?Part III Provide as much information as you know about each of the following topics(25points,12.5points each).1.What is the relation between linguistics and language teaching?How are differentschools of linguistics related to language learning and teaching?2.What is the development of Halliday’s theory of language and linguistics?Givespecific examples to show the main ideas of his theory.。
北京科技大学877综合考试2014到2005十套考研真题
北京科技大学
2014年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
======================================================================== 试题编号：877 试题名称：综合考试（共1 页）适用专业：民商法学、经济法学
说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。
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一、名词解释（每题5分，共计50分）
1汇编权
2民间文学艺术作品
3联合商标
4反向工程
5习惯法
6技术规范
7授权立法
8文义解释
9代物清偿
10情势变更
二、简答题（每题10分，共计40分）
1简述民事诉讼模式
2简述辩论主义的基本含义
3简述合同变更的类型和条件
4简述驰名商标的认定
三、论述题（每题20分，共计60分）
1法律体系与法学体系的区别
2试述我国民事诉讼法对第三人权益的保护
3.诚实领用原则在合同订立、履行、变更、解除各阶段的体现
1。
(完整版)环境学导论试题
经面源污染而进入 共同点：都是由于氮、磷等植物营养物质含量过多而引起的水质污染现象
不同点：自然原因形成时间缓慢，人为原因形成时间迅速。
特征
1浮游生物大量繁殖 水中溶解氧含量降低。
2.试述大气光化学烟雾的污染特征、形成机理和条件
含有NOX和烃类大气在阳光的紫外线(290~43Onm)照射下发生反应所产
生的产物及反应物的混合物叫光化学烟雾。
(1)NO向NO2转化是产生“烟雾”的关键
大气中一旦出现NO2在光化学作用下NO2会直接化合为O3大气中NO、NO2和O3间发生循环反应NO2+hv NO+O* O*+O2+M O3+M (M为吸 收能量的分子 如催化剂等 可吸收能量却不使自身反应)O3+NO NO2+O2如仅发生上述
4.简述固体废弃物的分类及其特点①矿业固体废物特点废物量大、危害
程度较小分散
3农业废物特点a.N、P含量高易引起水质变化b.可利用性较大
4放射性废物 特点 有潜伏的”三致”效应
5城市垃圾 特点a.数量剧增，b.成分变化。
5.简述臭氧层空洞的形成原因和对人类的影响？
引起臭氧层破坏的主要气体是CFC NOx等 因为这些气体可以在平流层中
2水体中藻类的种类减少个体迅速增加；
3因占优势的浮游藻类颜色不同水面往往呈现蓝、红、棕、乳白等颜色
海水中出现叫“赤湖”、淡水中称“水华”。
危害
1DO降低 使鱼类难以生存
2藻类种类减少 危及鱼类生存。因有些藻类有胶质膜有的甚至有毒 不
《环境学导论》复习题参考答案.
一、名词解释1．农业环境：是以农业生物（包括农作物、畜禽和鱼类等）为中心的周围事物的总和，包括大气、水体、土地、光、热以及农业生产者劳动和生活的场所，它是自然环境的一个重要组成部分，但不等于自然环境的全部。
2．可持续发展：既满足当代人的需要，又不对后代满足其需要的能力构成危害的发展。
持续发展的思想实质，一方面是要求人类在生产时应尽可能地少投入、多产出；另一方面又要求人类在消费时应尽可能地多利用、少排放。
3．“三致”问题：即致癌、致突变、致畸。
环境中致癌物诱发肿瘤的作用，称为致癌作用；能引起生物体细胞的遗传信息和遗传物质发生突然改变的作用，称为致突变作用；能作用于妊娠母体，干扰胚胎的正常发育，导致先天性畸形的毒作用。
4．环境影响评价：又称环境质量预断评价或环境质量预测评价。
是对可能影响环境的重大工程建设、区域开发建设及区域经济发展规划或其他一切可能影响环境的活动，在事前进行调查研究的基础上，对活动可能引起的环境影响进行预测和评定，为防止和减少这种影响制定最佳行动方案。
5．“三同时”制度：是指新建、改建、扩建项目和技术改造项目以及区域性开发建设项目的污染治理设施必须与主体工程同时设计、同时施工、同时投产的制度。
6．环境保护：是采取行政的、法律的、经济的、科学技术的多方面措施，合理地利用自然资源、防止环境污染和破坏，以求保持和发展生态平衡，扩大有用自然资源的再生产，保障人类社会的发展称为环境保护。
7．固体废物：是指在生产建设、日常生活和其它活动中产生的污染环境的固态、半固态废弃物质。
其中包括从废气中分离出来的固体颗粒、垃圾、炉渣、废制品、破损器皿、残次品、动物尸体、变质食品、污泥、人畜粪便等。
8．土壤环境背景值：在理论上应该是土壤在自然成土过程中，构成土壤自身的化学元素的组成和含量，即未受人类活动影响的土壤本身的化学元素组成和含量。
9．水体富营养化：通常是指湖泊、水库和海湾等封闭性和半封闭性水体中，接纳过多的氮、磷等营养元素，水体初级生产力提高，某些特征性藻类(主要是蓝藻、绿藻)异常增殖，使水质恶化的过程。