句子成分

句子成分（该知识点是学习时态和语态，定语从句，倒装，非谓语，反义疑问句的根本）

主要成分：主语，谓语

次要成分：宾语，表语，状语，定语，补语，同位语

1.主语：

名词：this classroom is big.

代词：I love you.

数词：thousands of people are in the park.

名词化的形容词：

The poor need help.

（考点：在主谓一致中，the+a.做主语，谓语动词用复数）

动名词doing，不定式to do，从句做主语：

Swimming in this river is dangerous. To swim in this river is dangerous.

It is dangerous to swim in this river. It is + a./n. + to do sth. (作文加分句型)

Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。

To see is to believe.

That he can’t pass the test is a pity. ---主语从句

It is a pity that ……

Sth is a pity.

(注意：当主语是动名词，不定式或者从句的时候，可以考虑用形式主语it，该知识点和非谓语，强调句相衔接）

2. 谓语：谓语用动词体现，一个句子中只有一个谓语。

简单谓语：v./v.短语

I love you.

I look after my mother.

复合谓语：

情态动词+v.原型

I can’t swim.

助动词+ v.

I don’t like apples.

系表结构：

系动词：be; get, turn, go, become; sound, look, smell, taste

My advice is that you should lock the door.--- 表语从句

情态动词：can, could may, might, must, shall, should --- (在虚拟语气中会用到)

助动词：do, does, did, have, has, had

宾语：谓语动词作用的对象是宾语。名词，代词，数词，名词化的形容词，动名词，不定式，从句可以做宾语。v. + doing

v. + to do

主语+ v. + that ……---- 宾语从句

He gave me a book.

（I am a book.）

Me—间接宾语

A book –直接宾语

He gave a book to me.

We selected him our monitor.

He is our monitor.

当宾语是双宾语的时候，如果两个宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，那么它们是宾语+宾语补足语的关系；如果不是，那么它们是直接宾语（物）和间接宾语（人）的关系。

定语：起修饰作用的成分

状语：前提是句子是完整的，表示时间，地点，条件，目的。。。。。的成分

句子完整的标准/五大基本句型结构：（为定语从句，状语从句，名词性从句服务）

主语+谓语。---- vi.

主语+谓语+宾语。

主语+系表结构。

主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。

主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语。

时态：

一般式：

一般现在时态：do/does

Am/is/are done

●often, always, usually, from time

to time, sometimes, every four years, three times a day

●表真理和客观事实用一般现在时

态

My mother told me that the sun _is__ (be) bigger than the earth.

(考试时要注意，就算语言环境是在过去，表真理的句子仍然用一般现在时态)

Shanghai is located at Huangpu River.

** 主将从现

在时间和条件状语从句中，从句用一般现在时态表将来。

时间状语从句：when, while, as, the time/the moment/the minute，as soon as (一。。就。。)

条件：if, unless, as long as(只要)，provided, providing, given

If he _comes__ (come), I will tell him the truth.

Came would tell

Is coming will be telling

Has come will have told

(*在考试中，通常会把if改成the time/the moment/provided…, 关键是要认出是主将从现)

the more… the more ….

一般过去时态：did

Was/were done Yesterday, last year, just now, ago, in 1999

used 的用法：

used to do sth 过去常常干。。。（used to be done 被动形式）

be used to do sth = be used for sth 被用来做

（be used to be done 没有这个形式）be used to doing sth = be accustomed to doing sth 习惯于

附加考点：used to do sth在听力中肯