解答完形填空需考虑的十种逻辑关系
考研英语完形填句常考的逻辑关系词
indeed, in fact, in any event / case, at no time, to tell the truth
做完型填空，需要把握各段落、句子之间的逻辑关系，这样才能加深对文章的全面理解，因此，应熟记表达各种不同逻辑关系的连词，这些逻辑关系词主要包括：
③下定义时所伴随的过度词：namely, in other words, that is to say, or rather
完形填空中要注意的连接词与连接语
一般把连接词与连接语分为以下三类：
1.表明事件发生的时间顺序：
then, first, at once, next, after that, previously, while, when, the following day, etc.
词要用虚拟语气，其形式为动词过去式。
例如：I’d rather you went by train, because I can’t bear the idea of your being in an airplane in such bad
weather.
③ 与“would rather”类似的句型还有
3)Effect:
as a result, hence, therefore, consequently, thus, so, etc.
4)Contrasting:
in / by contrast, on the contrary, on the other hand, nevertheless, whereas, while, yet, however, but, etc.
考研英语完形填句常考的逻辑关系词
完形填空逻辑关系整理
完形填空逻辑关系整理一、逻辑关系题1.对立关系【前后内容的含义相互对立】●表示对立关系的标志词汇：while，whereas，unlike，contrary to，in contrast (to)，rather than，on the contrary，by contrast， of，not...but...，against，ignore，conversely，opposite等2.转折关系【对立关系的一种】●与对立关系的区别：对立关系的两方完全相反，转折关系只要前后意思不一致即可●表示转折关系的标志词汇：but，however，yet，nevertheless，while，otherwise等●说明：由于转折关系以及让步关系都可以属于对立关系，所以表示这三种关系的部分标志词汇有时可以通用3.让步关系【对立关系的一种；让步即为退一步说，即使条件变了也不影响结果】●比转折关系的程度要浅一些●表示让步关系的标志词汇：although，though，while，even，even though，evenif，in spite of，anyway，despite，regardless of等4.一致性关系【前后内容表意一致，如并列关系】●并列关系●与对立、转折、让步关系相反，只要文章前后句语义一致，便是并列关系。
或者，只要看到表示并列关系的标志词汇，就可以判断出文章前后句的语义一致●表示并列关系的标志词汇：also，besides，along with，indeed，and，likewise，or，not only...but also...，(n)either...(n)or...，that is to say，similarly，in the same way，the same as，as well as，like，meanwhile等●其他一致性关系【没有表示并列关系的词汇，也没有表示对立、转折、让步等关系的标志词汇时，基本可以判定上下文之间存在一致性】●上下文语义一致【没有对立、转折、让步等逻辑关系时，可以默认上下文之间为并列或顺承关系，即上下文语义一致】●前后词类一致【在某一特定场景下用到同一类词】●感情色彩一致●同义复现【上下文中出现过与空格里所需选择的词相一致的词语或者与空格所在句子相一致的句型】5.递进关系【并列关系的一种，程度更深】●表示递进关系的标志词汇：indeed，above all，furthermore，what's more，moreover，still（与比较级连用时），instead，even，in particular等6.因果关系【包括因和果两个部分】●表原因：because，in that，now that，since，as，for，after all，as a result of，considering that，seeing that等●表结果：so(...) that(...)，such that，as a result，lead to，consequently，therefore，hence，thus，so等7.总分关系/举例关系#非常重要●前后讲的是同一件事情，前面总述（通常有复数名词），后面分述（通常有单数名词），或者前后是同一个范畴内的事物，前总后分；或前面提到了一个较为抽象的事物或概念，后面将其具体化，实现从抽象到具体的过程●表示总分关系的标志词汇：for example，for instance，such as，to illustrate，like（比如），to take an example，let’s imagine，more specifically speaking，according to，in particular（放在例子后）等8.条件关系【一部分提到了某个条件或假设，其他部分则说明在这种条件或假设下会产生何种结果】●表示条件关系的标志词汇：if，so long as，only if，unless，as long as，supposethat，supposing，provided that，in case，when，with等9.列举关系●表示列举关系的标志词汇：first，second，last，to begin with/to continue，next，first/then，on one hand/on the other hand，for one thing/for another，one/another，some/others/still others等10.解题方法●同义相斥原则（看选项）●while，whereas都表示对立关系，但同时出现时，因为while比whereas更正式，故选择while●indeed和其他表示递进关系的标志词汇相比，更加注重强调，因此当逻辑关系是递进逻辑时，选择indeed●not题：在空格（题目）前后出现“not”单词●选择表示对立/转折/让步关系的标志词汇●除第一段以外的段首如果让填逻辑关系词，则选择对立关系词；若无对立关系词选项，则选择递进关系词●如果逻辑关系词前后内容有包容性，即总分关系，则选择举例关系词二、动词题1.根据主语和宾语的逻辑关系做题2.看主语—是人还是物●主语必须是人的动词：doubt，intend，require，regard，be impressed by，believe，notice等●主语必须是物的动词：manifest等●主语可以是人或物的动词：show等3.看宾语—是人还是物●只能跟人作宾语的谓语动词：assure，impress，side with（赞同），share with等●可跟人跟物的动词：ensure，agree with等●说明：在确定选项范围缩小至assure与ensure时，选择ensure；同理，在确定选项范围缩小至side with与agree with时，选择agree with4.看宾语—是抽象名词还是具体名词●抽象名词作宾语：enhance（quality）等●具体名词作宾语：fasten（系紧），label（贴标签），feed等●宾语既可以是抽象名词也可以是具体名词：tighten等●说明：在确定范围缩小至fasten与tighten时，选择tighten5.根据动词后的介词及介词后的宾语三、形容词题1.形容词作定语时，形容词修饰的名词是解题线索2.形容词作表语时，主语就是解题线索3.形容词修饰名词时，并且名词后有定语或同位语，则形容词修饰的名词、名词后的定语或同位语同时作为解题线索4.副词修饰形容词时，副词就是解题线索四、名词题1.名词作主语时，谓语和宾语就是解题线索2.名词作宾语时，主语和谓语就是解题线索3.名词作表语时，主语就是解题线索4.名词被定语修饰时，定语就是解题线索5.介词后填名词时，通常考察固定搭配五、副词题1.根据副词所修饰的对象来做题2.根据副词所在语境来做题3.根据文章中心来做题。
【精编版】2020届江苏高考英语二轮复习专题突破：专题二 完形填空第五讲 逻辑关系
of __51__.For example, she received the 2007 BRICK Award recognizing the 52.efforts of
young people to change the world.
51.A.praises
B.invitations
C.replies D.appointments
[典例8] (2018·江苏卷) To make matters worse, Moth was diagnosed(诊断) with a __37__ disease.
d
mon
C.preventable
D.serious
答案 D [根据“to make matters worse”可知，此处为递进关系，Moth被诊断出患 了一种严重的疾病，因此选择serious。]
文中前后句之间是因果关系时，两句之间往往有表示原因和结果的关联词，如： because, so, as a result等；但是，有时两句之间却没有表示因果的信号词，这时前 后句之间存在着一种隐性的因果关系。
[典例1] (2017·江苏卷)
He might not have done this particularly well，__46__ the teacher told Gabriel that
[典例5] (2017·全国卷Ⅰ)
The professor was deaf and any talking was 57.prohibited.I soon realized that the
silence was not unpleasant.__58__， if there had been any talking, it would have
中考完形填空中的逻辑关系与上下文连贯技巧
中考完形填空中的逻辑关系与上下文连贯技巧完形填空作为中考英语考试的一项重要题型，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系选择合适的词语或短语填入空白处，使文章内容通顺连贯。
掌握一些逻辑关系和上下文连贯的技巧对于正确解答完形填空题具有重要意义。
本文将介绍一些常见的逻辑关系和上下文连贯的技巧，帮助同学们在中考中取得更好的成绩。
一、递进关系递进关系是指文章中的信息或观点逐步发展或加深的关系。
在解答完形填空题的过程中，我们通常需要注意寻找递进关系，选择与前文逻辑上衔接的选项。
例如：Once upon a time, there was a boy named Jack. Jack lived with his parents in a small village. He was very poor, but he was also very kind and brave. One day, he found a bag of gold coins in the woods.1._______________根据第二句话中的信息，这是个关于描写Jack的人物形象的故事。
我们需要选择一个递进关系，与Jack拾金不昧的品质相符。
A. He was surprised and decided to keep it for himself.B. He was dishonest and decided to sell them for a lot of money.C. He was honest and decided to return it to its owner.D. He was scared and decided to throw it away.答案：C二、因果关系因果关系是指一个事件或情况导致另一个事件或情况发生的关系。
在完形填空题中，我们需要通过观察文中的因果关系，选择能够使文章逻辑连贯的选项。
例如：Last summer, I went to the beach with my family. We had a great time swimming and building sandcastles. However, I didn't put on enough sunscreen. The sun was very strong that day and as a result,2._______________通过观察“sun was very strong”和“didn't put on enough sunscreen”两句之间的因果关系，我们需要选择一个可以表达“因为没有涂防晒霜，所以结果发生了什么”这个逻辑关系的选项。
高中英语解答完形填空需考虑的十种逻辑关系
解答完形填空需考虑的十种逻辑关系1因果关系文中前后句之间是因果关系时，两句之间往往有表示原因和结果的关联词，如：because, so, as a result等；但是，有时两句之间却没有表示因果的信号词，这时前后句之间存在着一种隐性的因果关系。
[例1] He might not have done this particularly well, 46 the teacher told Gabriel that he had a good ear and suggested that Gabriel go into the music store-room to see if any of the instruments there appealed to him. (2017年江苏卷)46. A. because B. butC. thoughD. so解析：本题考查表示前后句之间逻辑关系的连接词。
句意：他也许弹（钢琴）得并不特别好，因为老师说他对音乐的领悟能力不错，并建议他去乐器贮藏室看看是否有令他喜欢的乐器。
他弹得不够好，也许是因为钢琴不太适合他，是因果关系，故选A。
[例2] They saw a man 36 out of a garbage can. She asked her mother why he did that and her mother said that the man was homeless and hungry. (2017年北京卷)36. A. jumping B. eatingC. cryingD. waving解析：后一句中的“the man was homeless and hungry（这个男人无家可归且饥肠辘辘）”表示原因，本句表示结果，即前果后因。
由因推果，可知“他们看见一个男人正在捡垃圾桶里的食物吃”，故选B。
2条件关系条件关系就是指从句提出一种条件，主句说明在这种条件下产生的结果。
英语完形填空命题原则和解题技巧
英语完形填空命题原则和解题技巧
命题原则：
1.上下文逻辑：完形填空的句子之间通常有一定的逻辑关系，这需要
学生通过理解上下文的语义关系来判断空格处所需填入的单词或短语。
2.词汇复现：命题人可能会在文中重复使用一些词语或词汇的近义词，这需要学生通过上下文的提示来判断空格处所需填入的相应词汇或短语。
3.语法和语义：根据正常的语法规则和词汇搭配，判断空格处所需填
入的单词或短语，使得整个句子的语法和语义都符合逻辑要求。
解题技巧：
1.预测答案：在题目给出的空格处，可以根据上下文对文意进行判断，并尝试预测一个可能的答案。
这样可以缩小选项范围，提高答题准确率。
2.注意对比：在选项中可能会出现与上下文逻辑不相符的干扰项。
需
要学生能够通过排除干扰项和对比选项，找到正确答案。
3.全面考虑：在确定一个选项为可能答案后，还需要仔细检查前后的
上下文，确保选项在语法和语义上都符合逻辑。
此外，为了提高完形填空能力
1.阅读广泛：多读一些英文文章、故事和报纸等各种文本，培养对上
下文词汇和短语的敏感度和理解能力。
2.提升词汇量：掌握更多的单词及其近义词、反义词和词汇搭配，扩
大对上下文的理解和判断能力。
3.练习技巧：多做一些完形填空的练习题，掌握一些解题技巧，熟悉常见的语法规则和词汇搭配，提高答题速度和准确率。
总之，完形填空的命题原则和解题技巧可以帮助学生在考试中更好地理解句子之间的逻辑关系，正确填入相应的单词和短语。
为了提高完形填空能力，学生需要在平时注重阅读、扩大词汇量，并多做相关的练习题，掌握解题技巧和提高答题效率。
考研英语完型中常见的10种逻辑关系词
考研英语完型中常见的10种逻辑关系词出国留学考研网为大家提供考研英语完型中常见的10种逻辑关系词，更多考研资讯请关注我们网站的更新!考研英语完型中常见的10种逻辑关系词下面十种常见的逻辑关系词汇总，小伙伴们一定要牢牢记住，才能在日后做题的过程中一路畅通。
因果关系because;for;since;as;therefore;consequently;hence;so;thu s;so…that;such…that;inorderthat;accordingly(因此;于是;相应地);dueto;thanksto;asaresult;inthat(=because);nowthat(既然);becauseof;consideringthat,seeingthat;inresponseto;forth isreason;转折关系but;however;onthecontrary;contrarily;bycontrast;incontra st;conversely;insteadof;ratherthan;unlike,ontheotherhand;un fortunately;让步关系although;though;eventhough;even;evenif;nevertheless;desp ite;inspiteof;while;as;Kingashewas,hewasnothappy.Childashei s,heknowsalot.Hardthough/ashetried,hefailed;对比关系while;whereas;as;insteadof;ratherthan;not…but;列举关系firstsecondlastofall;inthefirstplaceinthesecondplacefina lly;tobeginwithtocontinue;first…then;ononehand…ontheotherhand;foronething…foranother;one…another;some…others…sti llothers;时间关系when;whenever,before;after;since;as;while;until;till;sim ultaneously;meanwhile;inthemeantime,atthesametime;距离关系suchas,forexample,forinstance,of(these,those,them);among (these,those,them)，toillustrate,asanillustration,totakeanexample,morespecifica llyspeaking,namely;条件关系if;onlyif;ifonly;unless,otherwise;assoonas;aslongas;prov idingthat;providedthat;onconditionthat;when;whenever;with;递进关系also;then;besides;inaddition;additionally;furthermore;wh atismore;moreover;indeed;theotherone;anotherone;apartfrom;a boveall;并列关系and;andalso;or;neithernor;eitheror;notonly…but(also)…; inthesameway;thatistosay;similarly;likewise;equally;aswella s,same…as;考研英语各题型中，数完形填空的难度最大，小伙伴们在训练的时候遇到的困难也最多。
考研英语完型填空中六种常见逻辑关系
考研英语完型填空中六种常见逻辑关系考研英语完型填空中六种常见逻辑关系◆并列关系：and, as well as, or, likewise (同样地), similarly, simultaneously, in the meanwhile, meanwhile (在这期间，同时), neither…nor, either…or, not only…but also, more…than◆递进关系：also, besides (注意区分except), additionally, in addition, furthermore, moreover, what's more, indeed *indeed与furthermore区别indeed确实含强调的递进，指同一件事情程度的上升furthermore此外、而且一般在前文论述的基础上，增加一个新论点The house isn't big enough for us, and~, it's too far from the town.◆举例关系：such as, for example, for instance*such as与for example (instance)区别such as前：名词复数后：单数或复数关系：总分或包括for example (instance)状语性短语，后面一般不直接加n.,且前后有“，”隔开◆列举关系：first-then, to begin with-to continue (next), on one hand-on the other hand, for one thing-for another thing, one-another, some-others-still others, in the first place-in the second place-finally, first-second-last of all◆因果关系● because● in that● due to● thanks to● owing to＋原因● since● now that ● ever since● because of● on account of● in response to ＋原因● lead to● contribute to● result in (前因后果)● so that● such that● in order that (强调目的、结果的因果，＋结果)● in view of● in the light of● by virtue of鉴于、由于● put down to● ascribe to ● attribute to● owe to归因于，＋原因● so● thus● h ence● therefore● consequently (consequence结果、后果)for, as, as a result, with (由于，由于某种条件或原因的存在出现了某种结果)◆转折关系：but, however, yet (然而), on the contrary, contrarily, by (in) contrast, whereas,rather than, instead of, unlike, in fact (effect), actually弱转◆让步关系：although, much as, though, even though (if), even, despite, in spite of,nevertheless, anyhow (anyway)口语、常作干扰项, as, while (虽然、尽管、即使)，still (尽管如此)，He's treated you badly; still, he's your brother andyou should help him.*转折与让步的区别——A, but B：强调B——Although A, B：强调B* while, as与whereas的区别1、while引导句子若主句与从句的主语一致可省略成短语形式while引导分句中的谓语动词若为-ing形式，则分句与主句同时进行；若非-ing形式，多表示让步“尽管”2、as, while时间上同时，含有强对比3、三个词都往往含有相对立存在的事物性质――强对比，表示对比或相反的情况aswhereaswhile* as与like的区别as连词“正如”(连＋句子)介词“作为”like介词“正如、像”unlike“不像”dislike“不喜欢”Like me, she enjoys all kinds of music.She enjoys all kinds of music, as I do.。
江苏高考英语二轮复习专题突破：专题二 完形填空第五讲 逻辑关系
piano and found it 42.easy to pick out tunes.
40.A.Therefore
B.However
C.Thus
答案 B [此处是D说.M，oGreaobvreirel在一次音乐课上意外发现自己
很喜欢音乐，此处所表达的含义与上一段是转折关系，故选
B。]
5.对比关系 当前后句的逻辑关系为对比关系时，两句在意义上应具有明 显的差异，以便进行对照比较。常见关联词：while, whereas, not...but, instead等。
manage管理。]
3.让步关系 一般说来，让步关联词分为介词类和连词类。介词类的让步 关联词有despite，in spite of, regardless of等，连词类有though， although，as和while以及even if, even though等。
[典例3] (2019·宿迁市高三期末测试) When Lyndsay and Matthew took home their newborn twins a
teacher told Gabriel that he had a good 47.ear and suggested that Gabriel go into the music store-room to see if any of the instruments there 48.appealed__to him. 46答.A案.becaAuse [句意：B他.bu也t 许弹(钢琴C).得tho并ug不h 特别好，因D为.s老o 师
__24__ them.If they run out of certain daily necessities，Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase what’s needed.If a student gets hungry on the long drives to and from school, Wilson never __25__ to buy them a meal. 24答.A案.assisAt [根据上B文.w可atc知h，他不仅提供C搭.u载rg服e 务，当D学.w生a遇rn
英语完形填空做题技巧
英语完形填空做题技巧1、结构判断法结构型问题主要包括句型、句式、连接词的选择等，解题时要运用句法知识，把握关键词，从而做出迅速正确的判断。
完形填空题中有很多是利用语法的正确性与逻辑的排斥性间的矛盾来设计的。
完形填空中常考的逻辑关系主要有：（1）转折、让步关系：这种关系表明后一种观点或事实与前一种观点或事实相比有些出乎意料。
常见的表示转折、让步的词或词组有：but，still，yet，however，though，although，no mattet，in spite of，anyway，even if等。
（2）因果关系：表示原因的连词或词组有：because （of），due to，owing to，thanks to，since，for，as等。
表示结果的连词或词组有：so，therefore，then，as a result，in consequence，consequently，thus等。
（3）对比、比较关系：对比观点或事物间的差异性，比较观点或事物间的同一性。
表示对比的词或词组有：in contrast，by contrast，on the contrary，conversely，unlike，oppositely等。
表示比较的词或词组有：like，in comparison，compare…with，as，just，as等。
（4）递进、补充关系：这种关系表示对前一事实或观点做进一步阐述）常用的词、词组有：moreover，likewise，besides，in addition，also，too，not only…but also，apart from，what's more等。
2、搭配判断法根据对以往试题的分析，搭配型考题在完形填空题中占的比例最高。
搭配型问题主要测试常见搭配的熟练程度，比如说哪些词要搭配不定式、动名词或某种从句。
哪些词必须与某个介词搭配。
例题1：I grew up in a community called Estepona. I was 16 when one morning, Dad told me I could drive him into a 1 village called Mijas, on condition that I took the car in to be 2 at a nearby garage. I readily accepted. I drove Dad into Mijas,and 3 to pick him up at 4 pm, then dropped off the car at the 4 . With several hours to spare, l went to a theater. 5 , when the last movie finished, it was six. 1 was two hours late!I knew Dad would be angry if he 6 I’d been watching movies. So I decided not to tell him the truth. When I 7 there I apologized for being late, and told him I’d 8 as quickly as I could, but that the car had needed a major repairs. I’ll never forget the 9he gave me. “I'm disappointed you 10 you have to lie to me, Jason.”Dad looked at me again. “When you didn’t 11 , I called the garage to ask if there were any 12 , and they told me you hadn’t yet picked up the car.”I felt 13 as I weakly told him the real reason. A 14 passed through Dad as he listened attentively. “I'm angry with 15 . I realize I’ve failed as a father. I’m going to walk home now and think seriously about 16 I’ve gone wrong all these years.” “But Dad, it’s 18 miles!” My protests and apologi es were 17 . Dad walked home that day. I drove behind him, 18 him all the way, but he walked silently.Seeing Dad in so much 19 and emotional pain was my most painful experience. However, it was 20 the most successful lesson. I have never lied since.1. A. lonely B. small C. distant D. familiar2. A. kept B. washed C. watched D. serviced3. A. agreed B. planned C. determined D. promised4. A. village B. community C. garage D. theater5. A. However B. Then C. Therefore D. Still6. A. realized B. found out C. thought D. figured out7. A. went B. ran C. walked D. hurried8. A. started B. left C. arrived D. come9. A. word B. face C. look D. appearance10. A. find B. decide C. believe D. feel11. A. turn up B. drive out C. go away D. come out12. A. questions B. problems C. mistakes D. faults13. A. ashamed B. frightened C. nervous D. surprised14. A. nervousness B. sadness C. silence D. thought15. A. you B. myself C. me D. yourself16. A. where B. how C. why D. when17. A. meaningless B. useless C. helpless D. worthless18. A. asking B. persuading C. begging D. following19. A. physical B. practical C. personal D. natural20. A. indeed B. always C. also D. almost答案1—5 CDDCA 6—10 BDDCD 11—15 ABABB 16—20 ABCA例题2：The survey about childhood in the Third World shows that the struggle for survival is long and hard. But in the rich world, children can 36 from a differentkind of poverty—of the spirit. 37 , one Western country alone now sees 14,000 attempted suicides(自杀) every year by children under 15, and one child 38 five needs psychiatric(心理) advice.There are many good things about 39 in the Third World. Take the close and constant relation between children and their parents, relatives and neighbors for example. In the West, the very nature of work puts distance between 40 and children. But in most Third World villages mother and father do not go miles away each day to work in offices. 41 , the child sees mother and father, relations and neighbors working 42 and often shares in that work. A child 43 in this way learns his or her role through joining in the community’s 44 : helping to dig or build, look after animals or babies—rather than 45 playing with water and sand in kindergarten, keeping pets 46 playing with d olls.These children may grow up with a less oppressive sense of space and time than the 47 children. Their sense of days and time has a lot to do with the change of seasons and positions of the sun or the moon in the sky. Children in the rich world 48 , are provided with a watch as one of the 49 signs of growing up, so that they can 50 along with their parents about being late for school times, meal times, bed times, the times of TV shows...Third World children do not usually 51 to stay indoors, still less in high-rise apartments. Instead of dangerous roads, “keep off the grass”signs and “don’t speak to strangers”, there is often a sense of 52 to study and play. Parents can see their children outside rather than observe them 53 from ten floors up.54 , twelve million children under five still die every year through hunger and disease. But childhood in the Third World is not all 55 .36. A. come B. learn C. suffer D. survive37. A. As usual B. For instanceC. In factD. In other words38. A. by B. in C. to D. under39. A. childhood B. poverty C. spirit D. survival40. A. adults B. fathers C. neighbors D. relatives41. A. Anyhow B. However C. Instead D. Still42. A. away B. alone C. along D. nearby43. A. growing up B. living through C. playing D. working44. A. activity B. life C. study D. work45. A. by B. from C. through D. with46. A. and B. but C. or D. so47. A. Eastern B. good C. poor D. Western48. A. at any moment B. at the same timeC. on the other handD. on the whole49. A. easiest B. earliest C. happiest D. quickest50. A. care B. fear C. hurry D. worry51. A. dare B. expect C. have D. require52. A. control B. danger C. disappointment D. freedom53. A. anxiously B. eagerly C. impatiently D. proudly54. A. Above all B. In the end C. Of course D. What’s more55. A. bad B. good C. rich D. poor答案36—40 CBBAA 41—45 CDADC 46—50 CDCBA 51—55 CDACA例题3：Even though it was only October, my students were already whispering about Christmas plans. With each passing day everyone became more __36__, waiting for the final school bell. Upon its _37____everyone would run for their coats and go home, everyone except DavidDavid was a small boy in ragged clothes. I had often _38___what kind of home life David had, and what kind of mother could send her son to school dressed so __39__ for the cold winter months, without a coat, boots, or gloves. But something made David __40__. I can still remember he was always __41____a smile and willing to help. He always __42__after school to straighten chairs and mop the floor. We never talked much. He__43___just simply smile and ask what else he could do, then thank me for letting him stay and slowly__44___homeWeeks passed and the __45___over the coming Christmas grew into restlessnes s until the last day of__46__before the holiday break. I smiled in ___47 __as the last of them hurried out the door. Turning around I saw David ___48___standing by my desk.“I have something for you ”he said and ____49____from behind his back a small box .__50___it to me, he said anxiously, “Open it ”I took the box from him ,thanked him and slowly unwrapped it. I lifted the lid and to my __51__saw nothing. I looked at David‘s smiling face add back into the box and said,“The box is nice ,David ,but it’s__52__”“Oh no it isn’t”said David.“It’s full of love. My mum told me before she died that love was something you couldn’t see or touch unless you know it’sthere.”Tears filled my eyes ___53___Iooked at the proud dirty face that I had rarely given____54___to. After that Christmas, David and I became good friends and I never forgot the meaning ___55___the little empty box set on my desk36. A. anxious B. courageous C. serious D. cautious37. A. warning B. ringing C. calling D. yelling37. A. scolded B. wondered C. realized D. learned39. A. modestly B. naturally C. inaccurately D. inappropriately40. A. popular B. upset C. special D. funny41. A. expressing B. delivering C. wearing D. sharing42. A. practised B. wandered C. studied D. stayed43. A. would B. should C. might D. could44. A. aim at B. turn to C. put off D. head for45. A. argument B. excitement C. movement D. judgment46. A. school B. year C. education D. program47. A. relief B. return C. vain D. control48. A. weakly B. sadly C. quietly D. helplessly49. A. searched B. found C. raised D. pulled50. A. Holding B. Handing C. Sending D. Leaving51. A. delight B. expectation C. appreciation D. surprise52. A. cheap B. empty C. useless D. improper53. A. as B. until C. because D. though54. A. advice B. support C. attention D. command55. A. from B. behind C. over D. towards答案：36-40 A B B D C 41-45 C D A D B 46-50 A A C D B51-55 D B A C B例题5：39.A.fare B.possession C.money D.wealth40.A.strangely B.happily C.secretly D.fortunately41.A.unsatisfied B.weak C.unhappy D.excited42.A.explained B.declared C.admitted D.found43.A.get off B.start C.get on D.stop44.A.begged B.scolded C.praised D.thanked45.A.request B.action C.suggestion mand46.A.Unless B.Although C.Until D.When47.A.attacking B.bothering C.blaming D.wronging48.A.warned B.whispered C.shouted D.repeated49.A.problem B.need C.matter D.reason50.A.spending B.collected C.remaining D.borrowed51.A.busy B.cold C.hard D.fearful52.A.giving B.wearing C.taking D.forcing53.A.forgotten ed C.earned D.returned54.A.move B.increase C.lighten D.carry55.A.world B.journey C.smile D.friendship答案 36.D 37.B 38.A 39.C 40.D 41.C 42.A 43.A 44.A 45.D 46.D 47.B 48.C 49.D 50.C 51.C 52.B 53.A 54.C 55.B。
高考英语完形填空解题需考虑的十种逻辑关系讲义
2.条件关系
条件关系就是指从句提出一种条件，主句说明在这种条件下产生 的结果。常见关联词有if, unless, on condition that等。
[例3] “I can help, Mum！” James said. “ 44 I can make you and Dad feel better, can Brett come over? Please？” (2014年江 西卷)
[例2] They saw a man 36 out of a garbage can. She asked her mother why he did that and her mother said that the man was homeless and hungry. (2017年北京卷)
讲义 2020.1
语篇是由一些意义相关的句子根据一定的逻辑 关系组织起来的语义整体。语篇衔接中的逻辑 关系非常重要，因为它能展现出作者的写作思 路和篇章的意义。
高考对逻辑关系的考查主要有两种： 一是考查逻辑关系的关联词；
二是考查通过逻辑关系来推断出正确的答案。因此， 解题时，一定要重视语篇中前后句或上下文之间的逻 辑关系，由逻辑关系中已知的部分推断出未知的部分， 从而大幅提高解题能力。
1.因果关系
文中前后句之间是因果关系时，两句之间往往有表示原因和结果的关联 词，如：because, so, as a result等；但是，有时两句之间却没有表示因 果的信号词，这时前后句之间存在着一种隐性的因果关系。
[例1] He might not have done this particularly well, 46 the teacher told Gabriel that he had a good ear and suggested that Gabriel go into the music store-room to see if any of the instruments there appealed to him. (2017年江苏卷)
考研英语完型中常见的10种逻辑关系词
考研英语完型中常见的10种逻辑关系词出国留学考研网为大家提供考研英语完型中常见的10种逻辑关系词，更多考研资讯请关注我们网站的更新!考研英语完型中常见的10种逻辑关系词下面十种常见的逻辑关系词汇总，小伙伴们一定要牢牢记住，才能在日后做题的过程中一路畅通。
因果关系because;for;since;as;therefore;consequently;hence;so;thu s;so…that;such…that;inorderthat;accordingly(因此;于是;相应地);dueto;thanksto;asaresult;inthat(=because);nowthat(既然);becauseof;consideringthat,seeingthat;inresponseto;forth isreason;转折关系but;however;onthecontrary;contrarily;bycontrast;incontra st;conversely;insteadof;ratherthan;unlike,ontheotherhand;un fortunately;让步关系although;though;eventhough;even;evenif;nevertheless;desp ite;inspiteof;while;as;Kingashewas,hewasnothappy.Childashei s,heknowsalot.Hardthough/ashetried,hefailed;对比关系while;whereas;as;insteadof;ratherthan;not…but;列举关系firstsecondlastofall;inthefirstplaceinthesecondplacefina lly;tobeginwithtocontinue;first…then;ononehand…ontheotherhand;foronething…foranother;one…another;some…others…sti llothers;时间关系when;whenever,before;after;since;as;while;until;till;sim ultaneously;meanwhile;inthemeantime,atthesametime;距离关系suchas,forexample,forinstance,of(these,those,them);among (these,those,them)，toillustrate,asanillustration,totakeanexample,morespecifica llyspeaking,namely;条件关系if;onlyif;ifonly;unless,otherwise;assoonas;aslongas;prov idingthat;providedthat;onconditionthat;when;whenever;with;递进关系also;then;besides;inaddition;additionally;furthermore;wh atismore;moreover;indeed;theotherone;anotherone;apartfrom;a boveall;并列关系and;andalso;or;neithernor;eitheror;notonly…but(also)…; inthesameway;thatistosay;similarly;likewise;equally;aswella s,same…as;考研英语各题型中，数完形填空的难度最大，小伙伴们在训练的时候遇到的困难也最多。
高考英语完形填空_逻辑关系词专题复习
• by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately, • while, whereas, unlike, rather than, instead of, • contrary to;
• to illustrate, as an illustration, • to take an example, • more specifically speaking, namely;
8、总结关系:
• in all, in brief, in short, in a word, in general, • in conclusion, altogether, to sum up,
• to summarize, to conclude, to generalize, • to put it in one word, above all.
2、递进关系:
• then, also, besides, additionally, furthermore, • moreover, in addition, what is more, indeed,even;
3、因果关系:
• because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, • so, so (such) … that, so that, consequently,
• accordingly, according to, due to, thanks to,
• as a result, because of, in that, • in response to/with, for this reason, lead to, • too…to, with;
考研英语中常考的十种逻辑关系词
考研英语中常考的十种逻辑关系词考研英语中常考的十种逻辑关系词考研英语完型填空文章最重要的特点之一就是逻辑性很强，而逻辑连接词在文中起着辅助篇章衔接与连贯的重要作用，可以表达文中的因果、转折、原因等各种逻辑关系，是历年真题知识运用的必考点，也是广大考生最难入手，掌握最不好的一种考题，因为它需要考生极大的逻辑判断能力以及对完形填空整体把控能力。
但是，既然是应试的考试形式，它就必然有规律可循。
对于完型填空逻辑惯性词这样的考题，我们同样可以找到它的规律，相信广大考生掌握了这样的规律，加之以充分的练习，逻辑连接词的将变得简单易操作。
下面将从逻辑关系词的分类出发，帮助同学们总结这些规律，并通过相应真题为广大考生讲解。
根据对连年真题的总结发现，完型填空中的逻辑关系词总共有十大类。
第一：并列关系。
并列关系是比较简单的一种逻辑关系词。
常考的标志词：and, and or so, not only…but also, neithe r nor, that is to say. 我们看一个真题，1996(41)：They do not provide energy, ___do they construct or build and part of the body. [A]either [B]so [C]nor [D]never 观察一下这句话，有一个显著的特点是在横线后面的语序采用的是倒装语序，那么回忆一下语法中哪些情况可以引起句子倒装呢?肯定有否定词前置引起句子倒装。
同时，在本句中，逗号之前的句子有否定词，因此，横线上选择的词汇必然要满足两个条件，第一可以前面的否定呼应，第二，可以引起句子倒装。
所以，纵观四个选项，只有nor 满足两个条件，为正确答案。
第二：因果关系。
因果关系词是比较容易判断的一种逻辑关系，前面叙述原因，后面叙述结果，反之亦然。
但是，在历年考研完型填空中，经常出现广大考生不熟悉的词组，为了帮助考生辨认，我将这些短语列出如下：because, for, so that, such… that , in order that,due to, thanks to, in response to , con sidering that. 考生看到这样的短语就要想到是因果关系，反过来，判断出上下句逻辑关系是因果，要能够从选项中选出这些短语。
完型填空十大逻辑关联词
1、并列关系:and and also or neither …nO 既不.. 也不） either …ornot only …but also 不 但 .. 而且） likewise （ 同样的 / 照样的 / 又也 ） similarly （同样的 / 类似的） equally （相等地 / 平等公平地） same asas well as （也 / 又） in the same way （同样地） 说 / 就是说 / 更确切地说）2 、递进关系:also （也，同样） then （当时 / 在那时 / 因而 / 然后 / 于是） besides （ 此外 / 除 外 ） in addition （另外） additionally （加之 / 又） moreover （而且 / 此外） what is more （更甚者）furthermore （此外 / 而且） indeed （ 含有强调的递进 ）3 、因果关系:Because for since （ 以后 / 以前 / 自从 / 因为 / 既然 ） as thus （因而 / 从而 / 这样 / 如此） hence （因此从此） in order that （ 强调目的和因果的一种因果 ） therefore （因此 所 以 ） so that （ 所 以 ） so such that consequently （ 因 此 / 从 而 ）=haccordingly due to （由于 / 应归于） thanks to （由于） as a result （结果）/on accountvof （无论如果 / 总之） =in response to （响应 / 适应） =because of now that （既然） in that （由于 / 因为 / 既然） =lest （惟恐 / 以免） 为） considering that4 、转折关系:But /however （ 无论如何 / 可是 / 然而 / 仍然 ） /yet （仍 / 至尽 / 但是 / 然而） /by contrast /on the contrary （正相反） / contrarily （反之 / 相反地 / 反对地） /on the other hand （ 偶尔可表转折，语气很轻 ） / unfortunately （不幸地）5 、让步关系:Although （虽然尽管） =though /even though （即使） =even =even if /in spite of （不that is to say （即 / 就是 / 换句话 = because/seeing that （因管） /despite （不管 / 尽管 / 不论） /nevertheless （然而 / 不过 / 仍然） /much as （非常像 /和 .. 一样） /anyhow （无论如何 / 总之） =anyway6、例句关系：[First / second /last of all （最后）] [some /another （其他） ] [first /next ] [first /then ][in the first place （首先） /in the second place （其次） /finally （最后） ][to begin with （首先 / 本来） /to continue /next ] [on one hand /on the otherhand ][for one thing / for another] [one /anther ] [somes /others/still others （还有其他） ]7、时间关系When /whenever （无论如何 / 随时 / 只要） /while（一会 / 当 .. 时候 / 虽然） /as /before /after /untiltill /simultaneously （同时的） /at the same time /in the mean time /since8、条件关系：If /only if （刚刚好 / 恰好） /if only （只要） /unless （如果不 / 除非） /otherwise （另外 / 否则 / 其他方面的）suppose （推想 / 假设 / 即使 .. 结果会怎样） / supposing （假如） / provide （供应 / 准备） / provided （倘若） / withas soon as '…/as long （只要/ 在. . 时/in case （万/when /whenever （无论何时 / 随时 / 只要）9 、对比关系While （一会 / 时间 / 当 .. 时/ 虽然）/whereas like （然而 / 反之 / 鉴于 / 尽管 / 但是） /unlike （不同的/ 不相似的/ 不像/ 和. 不同）/compared with（比较 , 相比 , 比喻） / in comparison with （与 ... 比较） / as rather..than（选前不选后）+v. / instead of ＋ v.ing（选前不选后）/ not ..but （选后不选前）10 、举例关系：For example /for instance （例如） /such as （例如 ..., 象这种的） /of these/among （在 .. 之中 / 之一） /to take an example /to illustrate /say /as an example /as an instance/as an illustration（说明 / 例子 / 图解）as a case / let ' s imagine想象 / 设想）/ more specifically （特定的 / 明确的） speaking。
完型填空6大逻辑
完型填空6大逻辑在英语完型填空题中，有几个常见的逻辑关系和模式可以帮助学生更好地理解和解答题目。
以下是六个常见的逻辑关系和逻辑模式：1.因果关系（Cause and Effect）：在文中，可能会出现某个事件或行为引起了另一个事件或结果的情况。
因果关系可以通过表示原因和结果的连接词，如because（因为）、so （所以）、as a result（结果）等来表示。
根据文意，可以通过分析因果关系来确定正确答案。
2.对比关系（Comparison）：文中常会使用对比关系来强调两者之间的差异或相似之处。
常见的对比连接词有but （但是）、as（像）、unlike（不像）等。
根据文中的对比关系，并结合前后文的逻辑，可以找到正确的选项。
3.递进关系（Progression）：递进关系表示一种逐步推进的情况，在文中体现为从一个观点或情节向另一个观点或情节的发展。
常见的递进连接词有however（然而）、in addition（此外）、furthermore（而且）等。
通过分析文中的递进关系，可以推测出正确的答案。
4.比较关系（Comparison）：比较关系常用于表达两者之间的相似性或差异性，引导词包括like（像）、similar to（类似于）、different from（不同于）等。
通过理解文本中的比较关系，可以找到合适的选项。
5.条件关系（Condition）：条件关系指一种情况发生的前提是满足某个条件。
常见的条件连接词有if（如果）、unless （除非）、provided that（倘若）等。
通过理解条件关系，可以推测出填入空白处的单词或短语。
6.总结关系（Summary）：有时文中会提供一段总结性的陈述，用于概括前文的主要内容或重要观点。
通常用于表示总结的连接词有in conclusion（总而言之）、to sum up（总结）等。
通过理解总结关系，可以确定正确选项。
理解这些逻辑关系可以帮助解决英语完型填空题，但同时需要根据具体语境和题目要求灵活运用，通过推理、猜测和排除选项来确定最佳答案。
用逻辑关系巧解完形填空题
完形填空是对考生语言能力要求较高的一种题型，既考查语言知识水平，也检测语言运用能力。
完形填空的每一个空格并不是孤立存在的，命题者通过上下文体现出的某种线索来保证每个空格所填答案的唯一性。
除满足词义和用法搭配的要求之外，上下句之间乃至全文的逻辑关系是考生必须要把握的重要线索，这种逻辑关系会体现在句中、句间或段落的衔接中。
那么，考生应如何分析和判断逻辑关系，准确而迅速地确定答案呢？下面我们就对完形填空中常见的几种逻辑关系加以分析。
一、转折或让步关系存在转折或让步关系的两个部分之间通常存在着相反、相对或部分相反的意思，往往通过以下词来体现：though, although, even if/though, while, but, however, yet, despite, in spite of 等。
例1: Y ou might think that many people are not self-disciplined, 1 I’m going to prove to you that people ingeneral are disciplined, but unfortunately in non-beneficial ways. There are many people who smoke daily 2 the fact that it isharmful and dangerous.(1) A. for B. and C. or D. but(2) A. besides B. despite C. except D. without第一个空格前后的“many people are not self-disciplined ”和“people in general are disciplined ”是完全相反的关系，所以答案为D ；解答第二空时，根据对句中的“smoke daily ”和“it isharmful and dangerous ”关系的逻辑分析，此处应用despite ，表示让步关系。
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解答完形填空需考虑的十种逻辑关系1因果关系文中前后句之间是因果关系时，两句之间往往有表示原因和结果的关联词，如：because, so, as a result等；但是，有时两句之间却没有表示因果的信号词，这时前后句之间存在着一种隐性的因果关系。
[例1] He might not have done this particularly well, 46 the teacher told Gabriel that he had a good ear and suggested that Gabriel go into the music store-room to see if any of the instruments there appealed to him. (2017年江苏卷)46. A. because B. butC. thoughD. so解析：本题考查表示前后句之间逻辑关系的连接词。
句意：他也许弹（钢琴）得并不特别好，因为老师说他对音乐的领悟能力不错，并建议他去乐器贮藏室看看是否有令他喜欢的乐器。
他弹得不够好，也许是因为钢琴不太适合他，是因果关系，故选A。
[例2] They saw a man 36 out of a garbage can. She asked her mother why he did that and her mother said that the man was homeless and hungry. (2017年北京卷)36. A. jumping B. eatingC. cryingD. waving解析：后一句中的“the man was homeless and hungry（这个男人无家可归且饥肠辘辘）”表示原因，本句表示结果，即前果后因。
由因推果，可知“他们看见一个男人正在捡垃圾桶里的食物吃”，故选B。
2条件关系条件关系就是指从句提出一种条件，主句说明在这种条件下产生的结果。
常见关联词有if, unless, on condition that等。
[例3] “I can help, Mum！” James said. “ 44 I can make you and Dad feel better, can Brett come over? Please？” (2014年江西卷)44. A. As B. If C. Since D. Before解析：“如果我能让你和父亲感觉好一点儿”与“Brett能过来吗？”是条件与结果的关系，故选B。
[例4]The children of Nome would be 37 if it (a deadly infectious disease mainly affecting children) struck the town. Dr. Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to stop other kids from getting sick. (2016年北京卷)37. A. harmless B. helplessC. fearlessD. careless解析：由从句条件推知主句结果。
由“如果这种（主要传染给孩子的致命的）疾病袭击了这个镇子”可推知，“Nome镇的孩子们就会很无助了”，故选B。
3让步关系一般说来，让步关联词分为介词类和连词类。
介词类的让步关联词有despite，in spite of, regardless of等，连词类有though，although，as和while以及even if, even though等。
[例5]Looking around, he continued, “Cathy has inspired us with her will and enthusiasm. 33 skills and talents bring great success, the most valuable asset(财富)one can hold is the heart.” (2016年天津卷)33. A. Although B. SinceC. OnceD. Because解析：由主句“the most valuable asset(财富)one can hold is the heart (然而，一个人拥有的最大财富是内心)”可推知空格所在句句意为“虽然或尽管技巧和天赋能带来巨大的成功”，故选A。
[例6]Hard though she tried to make the kids 40 ， the thunder won the battle for their attention. (2013年重庆卷)40．A. concentrate B.changeC．hide D．sit解析：考查通过让步关系推断出正确答案。
根据though可知，前后分句之间为让步关系。
句意为“尽管她尽力让孩子们集中注意力，雷声却吸引了孩子们的注意力”。
故选A。
4转折关系当前后两句的逻辑关系为转折关系时，前句往往提出某种事实或情况，后句转而陈述与前句相反或相对的意思，即后句才是说话人所要表达的真正意图。
常见关联词：however, but, on the contrary等。
[例7] We went 10—1 and I was named most valuable player, _____48_____ I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller’s accident. (2016年全国Ⅱ卷)48. A. and B. then C. but D. thus解析：“我被命名为最有价值的运动员”与“我常做恶梦被责备”是转折关系，故选项C正确。
[例8] Dr. Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to stop other kids from getting sick. 38 , the closest supply was over 1, 000 miles away, inAnchorage. (2016年北京卷)38. A. Moreover B. ThereforeC. OtherwiseD. However解析：因“韦尔奇医生迫切需要药品来预防小孩子们患病”与“最近的药品供应站也在一千英里之外的安克雷奇”为转折关系，故选D。
[例9] The lessons they learned may not be 40 what they would have gotten in school，but are certainly more personal and meaningful，because they had to work them out on their own. (2015 年全国Ⅱ卷)40．A. harmful to B．mixed withC．different from D．applied to解析：由转折连词but后一分句可推知整句的句意为“她们学到的经验可能与将在学校得到的并无区别(different from)，但一定更加个性化，更有意义，因为她们必须靠自己来弄清楚”，故选C。
5对比关系当前后句的逻辑关系为对比关系时，两句在意义上应具有明显的差异，以便进行对照比较。
常见关联词：while, whereas, not….. but, instead等。
[例10]The professor was deaf and any talking was prohibited. I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant. 58 , if there had been any talking, it wouldhave caused us to learn less. (2017年新课标Ⅰ卷)58. A. Lastly B. ThusC. InsteadD. However解析：考查对比关系的关联词。
“I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant(我很快意识到安静不是不令人愉快的)”和“if there had been any talking, it would have caused us to learn less(如果当时有口语交流，那只会造成我们学的手语更少)”是对比关系，故选C。
[例11]Northern Europeans usually do not like having bodily contact (接触) even with friends, certainly not with strangers. People from Latin Americancountries， 45 , touch each other quite a lot. (2012年全国Ⅰ卷)45. A. in other wordsB. on the other handC. in a similar wayD. by all means解析：“拉丁美洲的人相互之间身体接触较多”与前一句“北欧人通常不喜欢身体的接触，即使是朋友，当然更不用说陌生人”之间为对比关系，用on the other hand(另一方面)，故选B。
6并列关系在用并列连词and或not only…but also把两个互相独立的简单句连接而成的复合句中，前后句之间的逻辑关系为并列关系，既可以是同近义并列，也可以反义并列。
解题时，可从一个简单句推知正确答案。
[例12] Freddy was an average student, but not an average person. He had the rare balance of fun and compassion（同情）. He would laugh the loudest over fun and be the saddest over anyone’s 46 . (2017年新课标Ⅱ卷)46. A. misfortune B. disbeliefC. dishonestyD. mistake解析：根据并列连词and和前一分句中的fun以及46空前面的saddest不难判断：两分句之间的逻辑关系为并列关系，且是反义并列，故选A。
[例13]Then came the final awards ceremony at the end of the year. Cathy didn’t expect any award but was still there to 30 her friends and praise their accomplishments. (2016年天津卷)30. A. cheer on B. compete withC. respond toD. run after解析：根据“and praise their accomplishments”可推知，30空应为：为某人鼓劲加油，故选A。