2019届二轮复习解答完形填空需考虑的十种逻辑关系(6页word版)
解答完形填空需考虑的十种逻辑关系
解答完形填空需考虑的十种逻辑关系1因果关系文中前后句之间是因果关系时,两句之间往往有表示原因和结果的关联词,如:because, so, as a result等;但是,有时两句之间却没有表示因果的信号词,这时前后句之间存在着一种隐性的因果关系。
[例1] He might not have done this particularly well, 46 the teacher told Gabriel that he had a good ear and suggested that Gabriel go into the music store-room to see if any of the instruments there appealed to him. (2017年江苏卷)46. A. because B. butC. thoughD. so解析:本题考查表示前后句之间逻辑关系的连接词。
句意:他也许弹(钢琴)得并不特别好,因为老师说他对音乐的领悟能力不错,并建议他去乐器贮藏室看看是否有令他喜欢的乐器。
他弹得不够好,也许是因为钢琴不太适合他,是因果关系,故选A。
[例2] They saw a man 36 out of a garbage can. She asked her mother why he did that and her mother said that the man was homeless and hungry. (2017年北京卷)36. A. jumping B. eatingC. cryingD. waving解析:后一句中的“the man was homeless and hungry(这个男人无家可归且饥肠辘辘)”表示原因,本句表示结果,即前果后因。
由因推果,可知“他们看见一个男人正在捡垃圾桶里的食物吃”,故选B。
2条件关系条件关系就是指从句提出一种条件,主句说明在这种条件下产生的结果。
2019考研英语:完型中常见的10种逻辑关系词整理
2019考研英语:完型中常见的10种逻辑关系词整理while;whereas;as;instead of;rather than;not…but;列举关系firstsecondlast of all;in the first placein the second placefinally;to begin with to continue;first…then;on one hand…on the other hand;for one thing…foranother;one…another;some…others…still others;时间关系when;whenever,before;after;since;as;while;until;till;simultan eously;meanwhile;in the meantime,at the same time;距离关系such as,for example,forinstance,of(these,those,them);among(these,those,them),to illustrate,as an illustration,to take an example,more specifically speaking,namely;条件关系if;only if;if only;unless,otherwise;as soon as;as longas;providing that;provided that;on conditionthat;when;whenever;with;递进关系also;then;besides;in addition;additionally;furthermore;what is more;moreover;indeed;the other one;another one;apart from;above all;并列关系and;and also;or;neither nor;either or;notonly…but(also)…;in the same way;that is tosay;similarly;likewise;equally;as well as,same…as;考研英语各题型中,数完形填空的难度,小伙伴们在训练的时候遇到的困难也最多。
中考完形填空中的逻辑关系与上下文连贯技巧
中考完形填空中的逻辑关系与上下文连贯技巧完形填空作为中考英语考试的一项重要题型,要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系选择合适的词语或短语填入空白处,使文章内容通顺连贯。
掌握一些逻辑关系和上下文连贯的技巧对于正确解答完形填空题具有重要意义。
本文将介绍一些常见的逻辑关系和上下文连贯的技巧,帮助同学们在中考中取得更好的成绩。
一、递进关系递进关系是指文章中的信息或观点逐步发展或加深的关系。
在解答完形填空题的过程中,我们通常需要注意寻找递进关系,选择与前文逻辑上衔接的选项。
例如:Once upon a time, there was a boy named Jack. Jack lived with his parents in a small village. He was very poor, but he was also very kind and brave. One day, he found a bag of gold coins in the woods.1._______________根据第二句话中的信息,这是个关于描写Jack的人物形象的故事。
我们需要选择一个递进关系,与Jack拾金不昧的品质相符。
A. He was surprised and decided to keep it for himself.B. He was dishonest and decided to sell them for a lot of money.C. He was honest and decided to return it to its owner.D. He was scared and decided to throw it away.答案:C二、因果关系因果关系是指一个事件或情况导致另一个事件或情况发生的关系。
在完形填空题中,我们需要通过观察文中的因果关系,选择能够使文章逻辑连贯的选项。
例如:Last summer, I went to the beach with my family. We had a great time swimming and building sandcastles. However, I didn't put on enough sunscreen. The sun was very strong that day and as a result,2._______________通过观察“sun was very strong”和“didn't put on enough sunscreen”两句之间的因果关系,我们需要选择一个可以表达“因为没有涂防晒霜,所以结果发生了什么”这个逻辑关系的选项。
高中英语解答完形填空需考虑的十种逻辑关系
解答完形填空需考虑的十种逻辑关系1因果关系文中前后句之间是因果关系时,两句之间往往有表示原因和结果的关联词,如:because, so, as a result等;但是,有时两句之间却没有表示因果的信号词,这时前后句之间存在着一种隐性的因果关系。
[例1] He might not have done this particularly well, 46 the teacher told Gabriel that he had a good ear and suggested that Gabriel go into the music store-room to see if any of the instruments there appealed to him. (2017年江苏卷)46. A. because B. butC. thoughD. so解析:本题考查表示前后句之间逻辑关系的连接词。
句意:他也许弹(钢琴)得并不特别好,因为老师说他对音乐的领悟能力不错,并建议他去乐器贮藏室看看是否有令他喜欢的乐器。
他弹得不够好,也许是因为钢琴不太适合他,是因果关系,故选A。
[例2] They saw a man 36 out of a garbage can. She asked her mother why he did that and her mother said that the man was homeless and hungry. (2017年北京卷)36. A. jumping B. eatingC. cryingD. waving解析:后一句中的“the man was homeless and hungry(这个男人无家可归且饥肠辘辘)”表示原因,本句表示结果,即前果后因。
由因推果,可知“他们看见一个男人正在捡垃圾桶里的食物吃”,故选B。
2条件关系条件关系就是指从句提出一种条件,主句说明在这种条件下产生的结果。
江苏高考英语二轮复习专题突破:专题二 完形填空第五讲 逻辑关系
piano and found it 42.easy to pick out tunes.
40.A.Therefore
B.However
C.Thus
答案 B [此处是D说.M,oGreaobvreirel在一次音乐课上意外发现自己
很喜欢音乐,此处所表达的含义与上一段是转折关系,故选
B。]
5.对比关系 当前后句的逻辑关系为对比关系时,两句在意义上应具有明 显的差异,以便进行对照比较。常见关联词:while, whereas, not...but, instead等。
manage管理。]
3.让步关系 一般说来,让步关联词分为介词类和连词类。介词类的让步 关联词有despite,in spite of, regardless of等,连词类有though, although,as和while以及even if, even though等。
[典例3] (2019·宿迁市高三期末测试) When Lyndsay and Matthew took home their newborn twins a
teacher told Gabriel that he had a good 47.ear and suggested that Gabriel go into the music store-room to see if any of the instruments there 48.appealed__to him. 46答.A案.becaAuse [句意:B他.bu也t 许弹(钢琴C).得tho并ug不h 特别好,因D为.s老o 师
__24__ them.If they run out of certain daily necessities,Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase what’s needed.If a student gets hungry on the long drives to and from school, Wilson never __25__ to buy them a meal. 24答.A案.assisAt [根据上B文.w可atc知h,他不仅提供C搭.u载rg服e 务,当D学.w生a遇rn
考研英语二完形核心逻辑关系考点汇总
考研英语二完形核心逻辑关系考点汇总导语:逻辑关系的考察是英语二完形填空考察的重点,理解了文章段与段、句与句之间的关系有助于理解整篇文章的中心思想。
现将真题中出现过的重要逻辑关系总结如下:1. 顺承关系常见连词:and ;also; sure enough; likewise2014.3For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. 3 , among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an 4 of good health.3. [A]. Instead [B]. However [C]. Likewise [D]. Therefore【答案】C解析:[A] Instead 相反 [B] However 然而 [C] Likewise 同样 [D] Therefore 因此此题句意:较重的女人患缺钙的比例低于较瘦的女人。
_____,在老年人中,一定程度上超重……。
此题考查上下文逻辑,需要填入的是和前半句表示顺接的词语。
A、B选项都表示转折,D选项表示因果关系,只有C选项表示顺承关系,因此正确答案为C。
2. 递进关系常见连词:indeed; in fact;even;further ; in particular ; in turn 2014.1717 very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.17. [A]. Even [B]. Still [C]. Yet [D]. Only【答案】A解析:[A] Even 甚至 [B] Still 仍然 [C] Yet 然而 [D] Only只有此题句意:_____小孩子都蔑视超重,而且对身材的嘲笑一直是学校的一个问题。
高考英语完形填空解题需考虑的十种逻辑关系讲义
2.条件关系
条件关系就是指从句提出一种条件,主句说明在这种条件下产生 的结果。常见关联词有if, unless, on condition that等。
[例3] “I can help, Mum!” James said. “ 44 I can make you and Dad feel better, can Brett come over? Please?” (2014年江 西卷)
[例2] They saw a man 36 out of a garbage can. She asked her mother why he did that and her mother said that the man was homeless and hungry. (2017年北京卷)
讲义 2020.1
语篇是由一些意义相关的句子根据一定的逻辑 关系组织起来的语义整体。语篇衔接中的逻辑 关系非常重要,因为它能展现出作者的写作思 路和篇章的意义。
高考对逻辑关系的考查主要有两种: 一是考查逻辑关系的关联词;
二是考查通过逻辑关系来推断出正确的答案。因此, 解题时,一定要重视语篇中前后句或上下文之间的逻 辑关系,由逻辑关系中已知的部分推断出未知的部分, 从而大幅提高解题能力。
1.因果关系
文中前后句之间是因果关系时,两句之间往往有表示原因和结果的关联 词,如:because, so, as a result等;但是,有时两句之间却没有表示因 果的信号词,这时前后句之间存在着一种隐性的因果关系。
[例1] He might not have done this particularly well, 46 the teacher told Gabriel that he had a good ear and suggested that Gabriel go into the music store-room to see if any of the instruments there appealed to him. (2017年江苏卷)
完形填空十大线索
又名:英语基础知识运用
完形满分==? • 1.单词特别熟练四个选项都要看 (如何练:每个生词都查出来背 过) • 2.能够找到线索 (如何练:每个空格都找到线索)
选什么?
十大完形解题线索
• • • • • • • • • • 1.靠主题做题 2.并列关系 3.转折关系 4.复现关系 5.修饰关系 6.动宾关系 7.动作顺序关系 8.解释关系 9.前后逻辑 10.固定搭配
1.题
1.靠主题做题
1.靠主题做题
1.靠主题做题
1.靠主题做题
1.靠主题做题
2.并列关系
2.并列关系
2.并列关系
2.并列关系
3.转折关系
3.转折关系
3.转折关系
3.转折关系
3.转折关系
3.转折关系
3.转折关系
3.转折关系
3.转折关系
4.复现关系
4.复现关系
4.复现关系
5.修饰关系
5.修饰关系
6.动宾关系
7.动作顺序关系
7.动作顺序关系
7.动作顺序关系
7.动作顺序关系
8.解释关系
8.解释关系
8.解释关系
D.weight
解答完形填空需考虑的十种逻辑关系
解答完形填空需考虑的十种逻辑关系作者:李进才来源:《广东教育·高中》2017年第10期语篇是由一些意义相关的句子根据一定的逻辑关系组织起来的语义整体。
语篇衔接中的逻辑关系非常重要,因为它能展现出作者的写作思路和篇章的意义。
高考对逻辑关系的考查主要有两种:一是考查表示逻辑关系的关联词;二是考查通过逻辑关系来推断出正确的答案。
因此,解题时,一定要重视语篇中前后句或上下文之间的逻辑关系,由逻辑关系中已知的部分推断出未知的部分,从而大幅提高正确率。
高考英语完形填空中主要有以下十种逻辑关系:1. 因果关系文中前后句之间是因果关系时,两句之间往往有表示原因和结果的关联词,如:because,so,as a result等;但是,有时两句之间却没有表示因果的信号词,这时前后句之间存在一种隐性的因果关系。
[例1] He might not have done this particularly well, 46 the teacher told Gabriel that he had a good ear and suggested that Gabriel go into the music store-room to see if any of the instruments there appealed to him. (2017年江苏卷)46. A. because B. but C. though D. so解析:本题考查表示前后句之间逻辑关系的连接词。
句意:他也许弹(钢琴)得并不特别好,因为老师说他对音乐的领悟能力不错,并建议他去乐器贮藏室看看是否有令他喜欢的乐器。
他弹得不够好,也许是因为钢琴不太适合他,是因果关系,故选A。
[例2]They saw a man 36 out of a garbage can. She asked her mother why he did that and her mother said that the man was homeless and hungry. (2017年北京卷)36. A. jumping B. eating C. crying D. waving解析:后一句中的“the man was homeless and hungry(这个男人无家可归且饥肠辘辘)”表示原因,本句表示结果,即前果后因。
考研英语中常考的十种逻辑关系词
考研英语中常考的十种逻辑关系词考研英语中常考的十种逻辑关系词考研英语完型填空文章最重要的特点之一就是逻辑性很强,而逻辑连接词在文中起着辅助篇章衔接与连贯的重要作用,可以表达文中的因果、转折、原因等各种逻辑关系,是历年真题知识运用的必考点,也是广大考生最难入手,掌握最不好的一种考题,因为它需要考生极大的逻辑判断能力以及对完形填空整体把控能力。
但是,既然是应试的考试形式,它就必然有规律可循。
对于完型填空逻辑惯性词这样的考题,我们同样可以找到它的规律,相信广大考生掌握了这样的规律,加之以充分的练习,逻辑连接词的将变得简单易操作。
下面将从逻辑关系词的分类出发,帮助同学们总结这些规律,并通过相应真题为广大考生讲解。
根据对连年真题的总结发现,完型填空中的逻辑关系词总共有十大类。
第一:并列关系。
并列关系是比较简单的一种逻辑关系词。
常考的标志词:and, and or so, not only…but also, neithe r nor, that is to say. 我们看一个真题,1996(41):They do not provide energy, ___do they construct or build and part of the body. [A]either [B]so [C]nor [D]never 观察一下这句话,有一个显著的特点是在横线后面的语序采用的是倒装语序,那么回忆一下语法中哪些情况可以引起句子倒装呢?肯定有否定词前置引起句子倒装。
同时,在本句中,逗号之前的句子有否定词,因此,横线上选择的词汇必然要满足两个条件,第一可以前面的否定呼应,第二,可以引起句子倒装。
所以,纵观四个选项,只有nor 满足两个条件,为正确答案。
第二:因果关系。
因果关系词是比较容易判断的一种逻辑关系,前面叙述原因,后面叙述结果,反之亦然。
但是,在历年考研完型填空中,经常出现广大考生不熟悉的词组,为了帮助考生辨认,我将这些短语列出如下:because, for, so that, such… that , in order that,due to, thanks to, in response to , con sidering that. 考生看到这样的短语就要想到是因果关系,反过来,判断出上下句逻辑关系是因果,要能够从选项中选出这些短语。
考研英语完形填句常考的逻辑关系词
考研英语完形填句常考的逻辑关系词考研英语完形填句常考的逻辑关系词1、并列和递进关系①标志词and, indeed,also, besides, almost, even, similarly, like, correspondingly, accordingly, in the same way, meanwhile, furthermore, moreover, too②前后句子的名词或意思具有同指性2、转折或让步的对立关系①标志词but, yet, however, although, though, while, wheras, despite, by contrast, on the contrary②前后句子的名词同指,但句意对立,往往出现以下情况a:褒贬对立b:句式结构对立,前肯后否、前否后肯3、例证关系①标志词:for example, for instance.for one thing, to illustrate, as an illustration, that is, namely, verify②出题模式a:总结说明例子(例证),总结说明后往往伴有表例证关系的提示词;for example, for in stance 此时前面往往有复数名词或表述概念句子。
b:例子(例证) 总结说明,总结说明提前往往伴有提示词:thus ,therefore, in conclusion, as a result4、定义关系①有定义或释义关系的句子往往是文章或段落主题句,所以放段首或段尾②下定义的方式有:a:判断句:A is Bb:名词(被定义对象)+定语从句(定义内容)c:名词 +同位语d:名词+be called+名词e:by+名词(被定义对象)+be meant + 名词(定义内容)③下定义时所伴随的过度词:namely, in other words, that is to say, or rather完形填空中要注意的连接词与连接语一般把连接词与连接语分为以下三类:1.表明事件发生的时间顺序:then, first, at once, next, after that, previously, while, when, the following day, etc.2.表明文章的组织结构:1)Listing:firstly, in the first place, secondly, thirdly, my next point is,last/finally, etc.2)Illustrating:for example/ for instance, to illustrate, an example/ instance of this is, let’s take….., take…. for example, etc.3)Re-stating:in other words, that is to say, to put it another way, let me put it this way, or rather, namely, etc.4)Referring:in this respect, in that connection, as we said, apart from this, etc.5)Resuming:to resume, to return to the previous point, getting back to the argument, etc.6)Summarizing:to sum up, in short, it amounts to this, what I have been saying is this, etc.7)Emphasizing:it is worth noting, I would like to direct your attention to, letus consider, we must now turn to, I shall begin by, etc.3.表明作者的观点、态度1)Introducing( or emphasizing) further evidence:moreover, furthermore, in addition, what’s more, as well, etc.2)Cause:because (of), since, owing to, on account of, due to, as a result of, etc.3)Effect:as a result, hence, therefore, consequently, thus, so, etc.4)Contrasting:in / by contrast, on the contrary, on the other hand, nevertheless, whereas, while, yet, however, but, etc.5)Comparison:in like manner, likewise, in the same way, similarly, in comparison with, etc.6)Purpose:to this end, for this purpose, with this in mind, in order to, so that, etc.7)Intensification:indeed, in fact, in any event / case, at no time, to tell the truth 做完型填空,需要把握各段落、句子之间的逻辑关系,这样才能加深对文章的全面理解,因此,应熟记表达各种不同逻辑关系的连词,这些逻辑关系词主要包括:表示列举的连词:first, second, third…;firstly, secondly, thirdly…; first, next, then…; in the first place, in the second place…;for one thing, for another thing…;to begin with, to conclude…表示原因的连词:because, since, as, now that…表示结果的连词:so, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly,consequently, as a result表示让步和转折的连词:however, nevertheless, nonetheless, still, though, yet, in spite of, at any rate, in any case, whoever, whatever表示对照的连词:on the contrary, in contrast, by contrast, in comparison, by comparison, conversely表示补充的连词:also, further, furthermore, likewise, similarly, moreover, in addition, what’s more, too, either, neither, not…but…, not only…but also…表示时间顺序的连词:when, while, as, after, before, since, until, as soon as, once表示目的的连词:that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that 表示条件的连词:if, suppose (that), supposing (that), unless, in case, so (as) long as, so far as, on condition (that), provided (that), providing (that)一、完形填空得分要领该部分要求考生所选答案使补足后的文章意思通顺、前后连贯(注意:连词、逻辑关系词)、结构完整。
2019届二轮复习完形填空选项设置特点及解题技巧(4页word版)
2019届二轮复习完形填空选项设置特点及解题技巧考点内容完形填空要求考生根据文章的整体内容,区分结构的层次和内容的逻辑关系,去选择适合文章情节的答案。
分析解读北京市近五年高考完形填空的语篇全部为记叙文,词数在300—450之间,设空20个。
语篇以励志型文章为主,故事主线与情感主线并行。
北京市高考完形填空几乎不对语法或单词辨析进行单独考查,而是侧重将词汇的使用放在上下文语境中进行考查。
通常情况下,每道题的四个选项词性相同,考查频率最高的是动词,其次是名词。
完形填空需要考生关注前后句逻辑、上下文的呼应,围绕文章主线来进行作答。
【真题典例】真题再现The Homeless HeroFor many, finding an unattended wallet filled with £400 in cash would be a source(来源) of temptation(诱惑). But the 1would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money. All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith 2more remarkable.After spotting a 3on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down, he stood guard in the rain for about two hours waiting for the 4to return.After hours in the cold and wet, he 5inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID so he could contact(联系) the driver, only to 6it contained £400 in notes, with another £50 in spare change beside it.He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after 7 a note behind to let the owner know it was safe. When the car s owner John Anderson and his colleague Carol Lawrence returned to the car—which was itself worth £35,000—in Glasgow city centre, they were 8 to find two policemen standing next to it. The policemen told them what Mr. Smith did and that the wallet was 9.The pair were later able to thank Mr. Smith for his 10.Mr. Anderson said:“I couldn t believe that the guy never took a penny. To think he is sleeping on the streets tonight 11he could have stolen the money and paid for a place to stay in. This guy has nothing and 12he didn t take the wallet for himself;he thought about others 13. It s unbelievable. It just proves there are 14guys out there.”Mr. Smith s act 15much of the public s attention. He also won praise from social media users after Mr. Anderson 16about the act of kindness on Facebook.Now Mr. Anderson has set up an online campaign to 17money for Mr. Smith and other homeless people in the area, which by yesterday had received £8,000. “I think the faith that everyone has shown 18him has touched him. People have been approaching him in the street;he s had job 19and all sorts,”Mr. Anderson commented.For Mr. Smith, this is a possible life-changing 20. The story once again tells us that one good turn deserves another.1.A.hope B.aim C.urge D.effort2.A.still B.even C.ever D.once3.A.wallet B.bag C.box D.parcel4.A.partner B.colleague C.owner D.policeman5.A.turned B.hid C.stepped D.reached6.A.discover B.collect C.check D.believe7.A.taking B.leaving C.reading D.writing8.A.satisfied B.excited C.amused D.shocked9.A.safe B.missing C.found D.seen10.A.service B.support C.kindness D.encouragement11.A.when B.if C.where D.because12.A.rather B.yet C.already D.just13.A.too B.though C.again D.instead14.A.honest B.polite C.rich D.generous15.A.gave B.paid C.cast D.drew16.A.learned B.posted C.cared D.heard17.A.borrow B.raise C.save D.earn18.A.of B.at C.for D.in19.A.details B.changes C.offers D.applications20.A.lesson B.adventure C.chance D.challenge 阅读点拨unattended adj.无人看管的remarkable adj.非凡的;不寻常的stand guard 站岗spare adj.备用的;多余的译文:在留下便条告知物主钱包没有丢之后,他拿着钱包去了附近的警察局。
高考完形填空实践之逻辑关系共41页文档
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46、寓形宇内复几时,曷不委心任去 留。
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47、采菊东篱下,悠得此生。
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49、勤学如春起之苗,不见其增,日 有所长 。
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50、环堵萧然,不蔽风日;短褐穿结 ,箪瓢 屡空, 晏如也 。
41、学问是异常珍贵的东西,从任何源泉吸 收都不可耻。——阿卜·日·法拉兹
42、只有在人群中间,才能认识自 己。——德国
43、重复别人所说的话,只需要教育; 而要挑战别人所说的话,则需要头脑。—— 玛丽·佩蒂博恩·普尔
44、卓越的人一大优点是:在不利与艰 难的遭遇里百折不饶。——贝多芬
45、自己的饭量自己知道。——苏联
2019高考英语二轮培优复习专题二完形填空第三讲逻辑关系课件ppt版本
40.A.Therefore
B.However
C.Thus
D.More
答案 B [根据上句的内容可知,他发誓要避开音乐,因为他不喜 是下文中说道“他发现(慢慢)弹奏乐曲是容易的”,由此可见上下文 系,因此选择However。故本题属于逻辑关系题。]
[例2] (江苏高考)One day,while waiting to go in for 43.treatmen
Dr.Bernie’s books in my hand.Another patient 44.noticed what I was rea
a conversation with me __45__ he had one of his books with him as well
45.A.while
B.because
C.although
D.provi
答案 B [前文说他注意到作者读的书并开始和作者聊天,后
Dr.Bernie的一本书”,由此可知两者是因果关系,因此选because。
系题。]
[例3] (江苏高考)He unfortunately 52.passed__away last year due to hi
sch day,in the music class that was 41.part of his school’s stan
he was playing idly (随意地) on the piano and found it 42.easy to pick ou
he left a deep impression on me and gave me the 54.inspiration to pick
55.thought to myself,“If he can do it,then so can I.”
完形填空十大线索
1.靠主题做题
1.靠主题做题
1.靠主题做题
1.靠主题做题
1.靠主题做题
1.靠主题做题
1.靠主题做题
1.靠主题做题
1.靠主题做题
2.并列关系
2.并列关系
2.并列关系
2.并列关系
3.转折关系
3.转折关系
3.转折关系
3.转折关系
3.转折关系
3.转折关系
3.转折关系
3.转折关系
完形填空之十大线索
又名:英语基础知识运用
完形满分==? • 1.单词特别熟练四个选项都要看 (如何练:每个生词都查出来背 过) • 2.能够找到线索 (如何练:每个空格都找到线索)
选什么?
十大完形解题线索
• • • • • • • • • • 1.靠主题做题 2.并列关系 3.转折关系 4.复现关系 5.修饰关系 6.动宾关系 7.动作顺序关系 8.解释关系 9.前后逻辑 10.固定搭配
3.转折关系
4.复现关系
4.复现关系
4.复现关系
5.修饰关系
5.修7.动作顺序关系
7.动作顺序关系
7.动作顺序关系
8.解释关系
8.解释关系
8.解释关系
D.weight
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2019届二轮复习解答完形填空需考虑的十种逻辑关系(6页word版)2019届二轮复习解答完形填空需考虑的十种逻辑关系■摘要:语篇是由一些意义相关的句子根据一定的逻辑关系组织起来的语义整体。
语篇衔接中的逻辑关系非常重要,因为它能展现出作者的写作思路和篇章的意义。
高考对逻辑关系的考查主要有两种:一是考查逻辑关系的关联词;二是考查通过逻辑关系来推断出正确的答案。
因此,解题时,一定要重视语篇中前后句或上下文之间的逻辑关系,由逻辑关系中已知的部分推断出未知的部分,从而大幅提高解题能力。
高考英语完形填空中主要有以下十种逻辑关系1因果关系文中前后句之间是因果关系时,两句之间往往有表示原因和结果的关联词,如:because, so, as a result等;但是,有时两句之间却没有表示因果的信号词,这时前后句之间存在着一种隐性的因果关系。
[例1]music store-room to see if any of the instruments there appealed to him. (2017年江苏卷)46. A. because B. butC. thoughD. so解析:本题考查表示前后句之间逻辑关系的连接词。
句意:他也许弹(钢琴)得并不特别好,因为老师说他对音乐的领悟能力不错,并建议他去乐器贮藏室看看是否有令他喜欢的乐器。
他弹得不够好,也许是因为钢琴不太适合他,是因果关系,故选A。
[例2]hungry. (2017年北京卷)36. A. jumping B. eatingC. cryingD. waving解析:后一句中的“the man was homeles s and hungry(这个男人无家可归且饥肠辘辘)”表示原因,本句表示结果,即前果后因。
由因推果,可知“他们看见一个男人正在捡垃圾桶里的食物吃”,故选B。
2条件关系条件关系就是指从句提出一种条件,主句说明在这种条件下产生的结果。
常见关联词有if, unless, on condition that等。
[例3]“I can help, Mum!” James said. “_____44_____ I can make you and Dad feel better, can Brett come over? Please?”(2014年江西卷)44. A. As B. If C. Since D. Before解析:“如果我能让你和父亲感觉好一点儿”与“Brett能过来吗?”是条件与结果的关系,故选B。
[例4](a deadly infectioussoon as possible to stop other kids from getting sick. (2016年北京卷)37. A. harmless B. helplessC. fearlessD. careless解析:由从句条件推知主句结果。
由“如果这种(主要传染给孩子的致命的)疾病袭击了这个镇子”可推知,“Nome镇的孩子们就会很无助了”,故选B。
3让步关系一般说来,让步关联词分为介词类和连词类。
介词类的让步关联词有despite,in spite of, regardless of等,连词类有though,although,as和while以及even if, even though等。
[例5] us with her will andasset(财富)one can hold is the heart.”(2016年天津卷)33. A. Although B. SinceC.OnceD. Because解析:由主句“the most valuable asset(财富)one can hold is the heart (然而,一个人拥有的最大财富是内心)”可推知空格所在句句意为“虽然或尽管技巧和天赋能带来巨大的成功”,故选A。
[例6]Hard though she tried to make the kids _____40_____,the thunder won the battle for their attention. (2013年重庆卷) 40.A.concentrate B.changeC.hide D.sit解析:考查通过让步关系推断出正确答案。
根据though可知,前后分句之间为让步关系。
句意为“尽管她尽力让孩子们集中注意力,雷声却吸引了孩子们的注意力”。
故选A。
4转折关系当前后两句的逻辑关系为转折关系时,前句往往提出某种事实或情况,后句转而陈述与前句相反或相对的意思,即后句才是说话人所要表达的真正意图。
常见关联词:however, but, on the contrary等。
[例7]We went 10—1 and I was named most valuableplayer,_____48_____I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller’s accident.(2016年全国Ⅱ卷)48. A.and B.then C.but D.thus解析:“我被命名为最有价值的运动员”与“我常做恶梦被责备”是转折关系,故选项C正确。
[例8]38. A. Moreover B. ThereforeC. OtherwiseD. However解析:因“韦尔奇医生迫切需要药品来预防小孩子们患病”与“最近的药品供应站也在一千英里之外的安克雷奇”为转折关系,故选D。
[例9]have gotten in school,but ,because they had to work them out on their own. (2015 年全国Ⅱ卷)40.A. harmful to B.mixed withC.different from D.applied to解析:由转折连词but后一分句可推知整句的句意为“她们学到的经验可能与将在学校得到的并无区别(different from),但一定更加个性化,更有意义,因为她们必须靠自己来弄清楚”,故选C。
5对比关系当前后句的逻辑关系为对比关系时,两句在意义上应具有明显的差异,以便进行对照比较。
常见关联词:while, whereas, not….. but, instead等。
[例10]would have caused)58./doc/e5804fb066ec102de2bd960590c69e c3d4bbdb30.htmlstly B.ThusC.InsteadD.However解析:考查对比关系的关联词。
“I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant(我很快意识到安静不是不令人愉快的)”和“if there had been any talking, it would have caused us to learn less(如果当时有口语交流,那只会造成我们学的手语更少)”是对比关系,故选C。
[例11]Northern Europeans usually do not like having bodily contact (接触)countries年全国Ⅰ卷)B. on the other handC. in a similar wayD. by all means解析:“拉丁美洲的人相互之间身体接触较多”与前一句“北欧人通常不喜欢身体的接触,即使是朋友,当然更不用说陌生人”之间为对比关系,用on the other hand(另一方面),故选B。
6并列关系在用并列连词and或not only…but also把两个互相独立的简单句连接而成的复合句中,前后句之间的逻辑关系为并列关系,既可以是同近义并列,也可以反义并列。
解题时,可从一个简单句推知正确答案。
[例12] Freddy was an average student, but not an average person. He had the(2017年新课标Ⅱ卷)46. A. misfortuneC. dishonestyD. mistake解析:根据并列连词and和前一分句中的fun以及46空前面的saddest不难判断:两分句之间的逻辑关系为并列关系,且是反义并列,故选A。
[例13]accomplishments. (2016年天津卷)30. A. cheer on B. compete withC. respond toD. run after解析:根据“and praise their accomplishments”可推知,30空应为:为某人鼓劲加油,故选A。
7递进关系所谓递进关系,是指后一分句以前一分句为基点,并在程度或范围上比前一分句有更进一层的语义关系。
常见关联词有even, besides, what’s more等。
[例14]They had begun to integrate (融合) the kinds of play and teamwork they年全国II卷)C.seldomD.again解析:前文说她们把前一天从对手身上“看到”的技巧和合作精神融入到自己的比赛中。
由“她们表现得很有进攻性”与“(甚至)还进了一球”是递进关系,故选A。
[例15] Whatever failures I suffer in my life, an ironed shirt tells me I am good at something. _____46_____, through ironing I've learned the method for solving even the most troublesome problems. (2014年湖南卷)46. A. Instead B. BesidesC. OtherwiseD. However解析:“无论我在生活中遇到什么失败,熨烫衣服说明我还有某种强项”与“(而且)通过熨烫衣服,我已经学会了解决最难问题的方法”之间为递进关系,故选B。
8解释关系解释关系是指一个句子对另一个句子、短语或单词进行解释或说明。
解释的方法既可通过某些动词(mean, be和suggest等),也可通过某些符号(破折号,冒号和括号等),或者关联词(for example/instance, namely等)。
这里只讨论句子之间的解释关系。
[例16]recognizing the efforts of young people to change the world.(2017年北京卷)51. A. praises B. invitationsC. repliesD. appointments解析:由for example可知,两句之间为解释关系。