两种引导组织再生膜骨修复效果的比较

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《中国组织工程研究》Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research 文章编号:2095-4344(2020)10-01515-06

1515

·研究原著·

尹颖,女,1994 年生,汉族,湖南省益阳市人,中南大学湘雅口腔医(学)院在读硕士,主要从事口腔硬组织修复材料研究工作。

通讯作者:李毅萍,副主任医师,中南大学湘雅口腔医学院修复科,湖南省长沙市410078

文献标识码:A

投稿日期:2019-03-14

送审日期:2019-03-23

采用日期:2019-05-24

在线日期:2019-11-13

Yin Ying, Master candidate, Department of Prosthodontics, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan Province, China; Department of Dental Materials, Peking University Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China

Corresponding author:

Li Yiping, Associate chief physician, Department of Prosthodontics, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan Province, China

两种引导组织再生膜骨修复效果的比较

尹颖1,2,王家齐1,戴小寒1,李毅萍1,张学慧2,3(1中南大学湘雅口腔医学院修复科,湖南省长沙市410078;北京大学口腔医学院,2口腔材料研究室,3口腔医疗器械检验中心,北京市100081)

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2235ORCID: 0000-0002-6993-5627(尹颖)

文章快速阅读:

文题释义:

压电效应:指晶体材料受到压力作用时会在两端面间出现电压。1880年,法国物理学家P.居里和J.居里兄弟

发现,把重物放在石英晶体上后晶体某些表面会产生电荷,电荷量与压力呈比例。

压电常数:是压电体将机械能与电能相互转变的转换系数,主要反映了压电材料弹性(机械)性能与介电性能之

间的耦合关系。

摘要

背景:课题组前期研究证实,含体积分数5%钛酸钡纳米颗粒的钛酸钡/聚偏氟乙烯三氟乙烯压电纳米复合膜

可明显促进骨髓间充质干细胞的黏附、生长、成骨分化及骨缺损修复,然而针对临床应用,该材料作为引导

组织再生膜与现有临床上不可降解膜产品的骨修复效果有何差异尚不清楚。

目的:对比考察钛酸钡/聚偏氟乙烯三氟乙烯压电纳米复合膜材料与商用聚四氟乙烯膜修复大鼠颅骨临界尺寸

缺损的效果。

方法:采用溶液浇铸法制备出含体积分数5%钛酸钡纳米颗粒的钛酸钡/聚偏氟乙烯三氟乙烯压电纳米复合膜,

经过电晕极化处理后使其表面带电。通过扫描电镜、原子力显微镜和水接触角测量仪检测钛酸钡/聚偏氟乙烯

三氟乙烯压电纳米复合膜与聚四氟乙烯膜的表面形貌、表面粗糙度及表面亲疏水性。在SD大鼠(购自北京大

学口腔医学院实验动物中心)颅骨矢状缝两侧制作直径为5 mm的全厚骨缺损,左侧覆盖聚四氟乙烯膜(对照

组),右侧覆盖钛酸钡/聚偏氟乙烯三氟乙烯压电纳米复合膜(实验组),术后4,12周,利用Micro-CT和组织

学方法评价材料覆盖大鼠颅骨缺损的骨修复情况。实验已经通过北京大学口腔医学院实验动物伦理委员会讨

论批准。

结果与结论:①钛酸钡/聚偏氟乙烯三氟乙烯压电纳米复合膜表面平整致密,钛酸钡纳米颗粒均匀分布在基体

内;聚四氟乙烯膜由疏松的粗大纤维组成;钛酸钡/聚偏氟乙烯三氟乙烯压电纳米复合膜的表面粗糙度低于聚

四氟乙烯膜(P < 0.001),亲水性优于聚四氟乙烯膜(P < 0.001);②Micro-CT和组织学检测显示,术后4周时,

两组缺损处均有新骨生成,但实验组缺损中央有明显的新骨生成;术后12周时,两组缺损均已愈合,但实验

组新骨成熟程度高于对照组;③结果表明,钛酸钡/聚偏氟乙烯三氟乙烯压电纳米复合膜可能作为引导组织再

生膜。

关键词:

仿生电活性;引导组织再生膜;压电聚合物;植入材料;生物材料;压电常数;骨再生;骨修复;临界尺寸

中图分类号:R459.9;R-332;R318.08

基金资助:

湖南省卫生计生委科研计划课题(C2017009),项目负责人:李毅萍

尹颖,王家齐,戴小寒,李毅萍,张学慧. 两种引导组织再生膜骨修复效果的比较[J]. 中国组织工程研究,2020,24(10):1515-1520. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2235

ISSN 2095-4344 CN 21-1581/R CODEN: ZLKHAH

1516

A comparative study on the bone repair effects of two kinds of tissue regeneration membranes

Yin Ying 1, 2, Wang Jiaqi 1, Dai Xiaohan 1, Li Yiping 1, Zhang Xuehui 2, 3 (1Department of Prosthodontics, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan Province, China; 2Department of Dental Materials, 3Dental Medical Devices Testing Center, Peking University Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China)

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Our previous study confirmed that BTO/P(VDF-TrFE) piezoelectric nanocomposite membrane containing 5%BTO (BaTO 3, BTO) nanoparticles could significantly promote bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) adhesion, growth, osteogenic differentiation and repair of bone defects due to its bionic potential. However, for clinical applications, it is not clear whether there is any difference between the bone repair effect of this material as a guide for tissue regeneration and that of the existing clinically non-degradable membrane products. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of BTO/P(VDF-TrFE) piezoelectric nano-composite membrane materials with commercial PTFE membrane in repairing critical-sized defects of SD rat skull.

METHODS: BTO/P(VDF-TrFE) piezoelectric nanocomposite membrane containing 5% BTO nanoparticles was prepared by solution casting method. Scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscope and water contact angle measuring instrument were used to observe the surface morphology, measure the surface roughness and surface hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the material. In SD rats (purchased from the Laboratory Animal Center, Beijing University Hospital of Stomatology, China), a 5-mm sized full-thick bone defect was made on both sides of the sagittal suture of the skull. The left bone defect was covered with PTFE membrane (control group). The right bone defect was covered with BTO/P(VDF-TrFE) piezoelectric nano-composite membrane (experimental group). At postoperative 4 and 12 weeks, micro-CT and

histological methods were used to evaluate the repair of the skull defect in rats. This study was approved by Animal Ethics Committee, Beijing University Hospital of Stomatology.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The piezoelectric nanocomposite membrane had smooth and dense surface and BTO nanoparticles were evenly distributed. PTFE membrane was composed of loose coarse fibers. The piezoelectric nanocomposite membrane had lower surface roughness (P < 0.001) and higher hydrophilicity (P < 0.001) than PTFE membrane. Micro-CT and histological results showed that at 4 weeks after surgery, new bone formation was found in both groups, but new bone formation was more obvious in the center of the defect in the

experimental group than in the control group. At 12 weeks after surgery, bone defects healed in both groups, but the maturity of newly formed bone in the experimental group was greater than that in the control group. These results suggest that BTO/P(VDF-TrFE) piezoelectric nanocomposite membrane containing 5%BTO (BaTO 3, BTO) nanoparticles can be used as a membrane guiding tissue regeneration.

Key words: bionic electroactivity; tissue regeneration-guiding membrane; piezoelectric polymer; implant material; biomaterials; piezoelectric constant; bone regeneration; bone repair; critical dimension

Funding: Scientific Research Project of Hunan Health and Family Planning Commission (Project No. C2017009) (to LYP)

0 引言 Introduction

引导组织再生是口腔临床广泛使用的一种治疗牙周缺损的最有效方法[1]。引导组织再生膜材料是修复治疗的核心,其作为物理屏障在缺损组织上方形成并维持再生间隙,促进细胞迁移与生长以形成新的组织,同时阻止结缔组织细胞和上皮细胞长入[2]。目前临床广泛采用的引导组织再生膜材料主要为可吸收膜和不可吸收膜,可吸收膜最常见的有Bio-Gide ®、Biomend ®等,主要成分为胶原;不可吸收膜如聚四氟乙烯,虽然均具有良好的细胞相容性,但是现有引导组织再生膜材料由于性能不足仍不能满足临床修复需求,主要表现为:对于可吸收引导组织再生膜材料,由于其力学强度低缺乏足够的力学支撑,容易发生塌陷,导致牙周修复空间受限;对于不可吸收引导组织再生膜材料,由于生物诱导活性差,直接影响牙周缺损的有效再生[2-3]。因此设计研发具有骨诱导活性、满足一定力学支撑的引导组织再生膜材料,是改善目前临床修复效果的重要途径。

天然骨的“压电效应”对骨修复及功能维持有重要作用[4-6]。受此启发,近年来国内外研究者针对电活性人工修复材料开展了大量研究,例如钛酸钡[7-8]、铌酸钾钠[9]、铌酸锂等压电陶瓷与聚偏氟乙烯及其共聚物聚偏氟乙烯三氟乙烯等压电聚合物[10-14],因其良好的生物相容性和骨诱导性能而被广泛用作骨植入材料。课题组前期研究中将钛酸钡纳米颗粒与聚合物基质聚(1-乳酸)复合并经过静电纺丝

技术制备出电活性纤维复合膜材料,具有良好的生物相容性,可促进骨髓间充质干细胞的成骨分化性能[15]。此外,课题组还将钛酸钡与聚偏氟乙烯三氟乙烯进行复合形成电活性纳米复合膜材料,并对其理化性能和生物学性能进行了系统研究,经优化后确定为含体积分数5%钛酸钡纳米颗粒含量的钛酸钡/聚偏氟乙烯三氟乙烯纳米复合膜,经过极化处理后可具备生理电位量级的电学性能,明显促进骨髓间充质干细胞的黏附、生长、成骨分化及骨缺损修复[16]。此次实验通过比较钛酸钡/聚偏氟乙烯三氟乙烯压电纳米复合膜与临床常用聚四氟乙烯膜在修复临界尺寸骨缺损的效果差异,旨在进一步验证和稳定仿生电位纳米复合膜材料作为引导组织再生膜的可行性和有效性。

1 材料和方法 Materials and methods

1.1 设计 随机对照动物实验。

1.2 时间及地点 实验于2018年7月在北京大学口腔医学院完成。

1.3 材料 钛酸钡纳米颗粒(粒径100 nm ,阿拉丁,北京)理化性能见表1;聚四氟乙烯膜(CYTOPLAST ,Osteogenics Biomedical ,美国);聚偏氟乙烯-三氟乙烯(PIEZOTECH ,法国)。

实验动物:6周龄SD 大鼠6只,体质量(190±10) g ,购自北京大学口腔医学院实验动物中心,许可证号:SYXK (京)2016-0007。

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