第四章 翻译技巧

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第四章:翻译技巧(上)——词类转换法
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B. Adverbs—Adjectives
4. The English language has changed subtly and pervasively.
英语的变化很敏感,很普遍。
5. She looked at me expectantly. 她用期待的眼光看着我。 6. Hopefully, it will be done early next month. 下月初完成这项工作是大有希望的。
• 3. Edison patented over one hundred separated inventions during his life. • 爱迪生一生中得到一千多项发明项目的专利。 • 4.It is chiefly characterized by its simplicity of structure. • 它的主要特点是结构简单。 • 5. He was snuffed by the top-ranking officials there. • 他受到那边高级官员们的冷遇。
第四章 翻译技巧(上)
第二节 词类的转换
英语:印欧语系(Indo-European language family) 日耳曼语族(Germanic branch) 西日耳曼语支(West German Dialect)
汉语:汉藏语系
由于英汉两种语言在词汇和语法结构方面有许多不同, 因此在英译汉时很难将两种语言的词汇或结构一一对应。 为使译文既忠实于原文又符合汉语习惯,翻译时需要适当 地把原文中某些词的词类转换成译文的另一种词类,这就 是“词类转换”。
• • • •
4. The local audience was most receptive. 当地听众能接受新事物。 5. He said the meeting was informative. 他说这次会议提供了不少信息。/他从这次 会议中得到了很多信息。 • 6. Many investors are still fearful of the ever-changing local policies. • 许多投资人对当地多变的政策仍怀有戒心。
第四章:翻译技巧(上)——词类转换法
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A. 由动词的派生词名词(或含有动作意义的 名词)转译为动词
1. His very appearance at any affair proclaims it a triumph.
无论什么事情,只要他一露面,就算是成功了。 2. An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of translation.
第四章:翻译技巧(上)——词类转换法
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D. 前置词转换为动词
1. “Coming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porch. “来啊!” 她转身蹦着跳着地跑了, 越过草地, 跑上小径, 跨上台阶, 穿过凉台,进了门廊。 2. Jones opened the windows to let fresh air in. 琼斯把窗子打开,让新鲜空气进来. 3. That day she was up before sunrise. 那天她在日出前就起来了.
第四章:翻译技巧(上)——词类转换法
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3. 转译成形容词
A. Nouns—Adjectives
1. I can note the grace of her gesture. 我可以看到她优雅的举止。 2. We have seen the beauty of Mt. Tai. 我们看到了美丽的泰山。 3. Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study. 独立思考是学习所绝对必要的。
读一点世界史,对学习翻译是有帮助的。
3. A view of Mt. E-mei can be obtained from here.
从这儿可以看到峨嵋山。
• 4. He urged upon citizens of the country the necessity of persisting in participation in political controversies. • 他告诫全国公民,必须坚持参加政治论战。 • 5. The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing. • 看到我们的喷气式飞机,听见隆隆的机声,令我 特别神往。 • 6. On the walk through the campus they saw many students reading in the garden. • 漫步校园时,他们看见许多学生在公园里看书。
2. He was a regular visitor.
他经常来。 3. What kind of sailor are you? (a bad sailor or a good sailor?) 你晕不晕船?
• 8. I am afraid I can’t teach you swimming. I think my liter brother is a better teacher than I • .我未必会教你游泳。我想我的弟弟比我教 得好。
• • • • •
1. 他突然发脾气,使老头儿大吃一惊。 2. 本书反映父辈时代的中国社会。 3. 绝对不允许违反交通规则。 4. 这几本书陪伴我度过了愉快的童年。 5. 我出生的时候,家中没有一件像样的家 具。
C. 形容词转换为动词
• • • •
• • • • •
1. The buses are crowded. 公共汽车很拥挤。 公共汽车上挤满了人。 2. They are doing everything to prevent a possible war. 他们在尽一切努力制止一场可能的战争。 他们在尽一切努力制止一场可能发生的战争。 3. They were news-hungry. 他们消息饥饿。 他们急于想得到(打听到)消息。
第四章:翻译技巧(上)——词类转换法
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B. 英语中加后缀-er, -or 的名词,在句中并不表身 份和职业,而是含有较强的动作意义。
1. He is no smoker, but his father is a chain-smoker.
他倒是不抽烟,但他的爸爸却一支接一支地抽(是个 老烟枪)。
第四章:翻译技巧(上)——词类转换法
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B. Adjectives-Nouns 一种情况,英语中有些形容词加上定冠词表示一类的 人,汉译时常译成名词(例1、2、3)。另外,有些 英语中的形容词根据情况,也可译成名词。如例4: 1.They did their best to help the sick and the wounded. 他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员。 2. Robin Hood and his merry men hated the rich and loved and protected the poor. 罗宾汉和他的同伴们痛恨阔人,热爱并保护穷人。
第四章:翻译技巧(上)——词类转换法
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2. 转译成名词
A. Verbs-Nouns 英语中有许多由名词派生的动词,以及由名词转用的 动词,在汉语中往往不易找到相应的动词,这时可将 其转译成汉语的名词。如: 1. She behaves as if she were a child. 她的举止跟一个孩子一样。 2. A well-dressed man, who looked and talked like an American, got into the car. 一个衣着讲究的人上了车,他的言谈举止酷似美国人。
Exercise
• 1. The current troubles have brought a sober recalculation. • 2. After several failed attempts, the first survivor was finally hoisted aboard the chopper. • 3. Frequent exposure to something or someone will usually cause liking rather than contempt. • 4. She tried to smile, but I saw the resignation and acceptance in her eyes. • 5. The little baby had downy, faint blond hair and the suggestion of a dimple in her cheek.
第四章:翻译技巧(上)——词类转换法
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3. Stevenson was eloquent and elegant—but soft.
史蒂文森有口才、有风度,但很软弱。
no less than… “同 … 一样”,“不亚于”
4. This problem is no less important than that one.
• 4. You pass from the heat and glare of a big open square in to a cool, dark cavern. • 你从一个巨大的露天广场上炎热而耀眼的阳光中进 入凉爽阴暗的洞穴。 • 5. As he is a perfect stranger in the city, I hope you will give him the necessary help. • 他对这个城市完全陌生,所以我希望你能给他必要 的帮助。 • 英语中有些名词加不定冠词作表语时,往往可以转 译成形容词(例4和例5) 。又如:The blockade was a success. • 封锁很成功。
第四章:翻译技巧(上)——词Biblioteka Baidu转换法
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1. 转译成动词
英语和汉语相比较,汉语中动词用得比较多,这是一个特点。 往往在英语句子中只用一个谓语动词,而在汉语中却可以几个 动词或动词性结构连用。 如:He admires the President’s stated decision to fight for the job. ( 他对总统声明为保持其职位而决心奋斗表示钦佩。) 仅这一个句子,就可领悟到英汉互译中词类转译的必要性。
这个问题的重要性不亚于那个问题。 5. Glass is more transparent than plastic cloth. 玻璃的透明度比塑料布要好。
第四章:翻译技巧(上)——词类转换法
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C. Adverbs—Nouns
1. It is editorially said that…
社论说…… 2. He is strong physically, but weak mentally. 他体力很强,可智力很弱。 3. The new type of machine is shown schematically in Figure 1. 图一所示是这种新型机器的简图。
• 1. 采用这种新装置可以大大降低废品率。 • The adoption of this new device will greatly cut down the percentage of defective products. • 2. 汉语的特点之一,是动词占优势。 • One of the characteristics of the Chinese language is the predominance of the verbs. • 3. 仔细比较一下,就能看出他们的不同。 • Careful comparison will reveal to us their difference.
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