逻辑关系信号词

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初三英语常考表示逻辑关系信号词

让步转折举例
though, although, even if/though but, however, yet, while, not…but…, instead(of), on the contrary for example
总结加强
in a word, all in all just, only
常考表示逻辑关系的信号词
逻辑关系
信号词
因果 because, since, now that, due to, therefore, as a result;
递进 even, besides, in addition, what’s more, moreover;
顺序比较
first (of all), then, before/after, next, in the end, finally, on one hand…on the other hand as...as, so do I,more, most
配套套题答案
文章主要讲述了，成功的要诀．制定目标并定期回顾目标会增加你成功的机会．设定目标是在任何领域取得成功的最重要和必要的步骤，从一种欲望开始，然后是一个书面目标，接下来是正确的态度和行动，你会一步一步的到达成功．【解答】ADBBD CAC
1．A 考查名词，A．difference不同点 B．surprise惊讶 C．hope希望 D．sale 出售，根据lies in setting and reviewing goals regularly,可知是指在制定和定期回顾目标之间的区别，故选A． 2．D 考查动词，A．sing 唱歌 B．dance跳舞 C．light 照亮 D．disappear 消失，根据You could pay no attention to them, 可知是指你不要去关注它们，让它们从你的脑子里消失，故选D． 3．B 考查名词，A．tools工具 B．excuses借口 C．stories故事 D．examples例子，根据后文Whatever it is,I am sure your excuse is limiting you.不管它是什么，我相信你的借口是限制你的，推出此处是借口，故选B． 4．B 考查形容词，A．excited激动的 B．unclear不清楚的 C．sure 确信的 D．unhappy 不开心的，根据If you are…about what you want,you might end up at a certain age with things that you didn,t want,结合选项，推出句意：如果你不清楚你想要什么，你可能会在一定的年龄带着你不想要的东西结束了你的梦想，故选B． 5．D 考查动词，A．imagine 想象 B．feel 感觉 C．stop停止 D．keep保持，根据you moving closer to what you want,结合选项，可知是指：让你不停的接近你想要的，keep doing sth,持续做某事，故选D． 6．C 考查名词，A．steps 台阶 B．decisions决定 C．choices 选择D．wishes 希望，根据后文wishful thinking,or taking action. 可知这是指两个选择，故选C． 7．A 考查副词，A．slowly慢慢地 B．suddenly突然地 C．luckily幸运地 D．sadly难过地，根据one by one until you reach success,可知慢慢的，你会一步一步的到达成功，故选A． 8．C 考查动词，A．decided 决定 B．corrected纠正 C．followed 跟随 D．built 建造，根据It begins with a desire,and then a written goal…by the right attitude and action,结合选项，推出句意：它从一种欲望开始，然后是一个书面目标，接下来是正确的态度和行动，故选C．

托福口语阅读中7大类常见逻辑关系信号词汇总介绍

托福口语阅读中7大类常见逻辑关系信号词汇总介绍托福口语阅读中7大类常见逻辑关系信号词汇总介绍托福口语阅读部分信号词一览阅读为通知，政策等表示要求的词require, decide,ask, demand, announce, be supposed to, should, be ought to etc.托福口语阅读逻辑类信号词：并列,递进and, also, as well, besides, what’s more, in addition,托福口语阅读逻辑类信号词：列举，增加and, in addition to, one more thing, also, plus托福口语阅读逻辑类信号词：顺序first, to begin with, first of all, initially,first thing first, second, apart from that, on top of that, more than that,another factor should be taken into consideration is that, finally, last butnot least, 托福口语阅读逻辑类信号词：转折but, however, nevertheless, yet, although托福口语阅读逻辑类信号词：解释That is, in particular, I mean, In this way,To put it another way, In other words, That is to say, …so to speak, …let’ssay 托福口语阅读逻辑类信号词：因果As a result, As a consequence, Consequently, Therefore, Due to, Thanks to, On account of, since托福口语备考之独立口语：用新建筑取代旧建筑独立话题Should old buildings be replaced by new buildings?I think the old buildings should be preserved. I have two reasons to support my opinion. Firstly, old buildings are precious property of human being. We will lose those valuable historical buildings permanently if we don't preserve them. Once ahistorical building is destroyed, we can never restore it. Secondly, old buildings are a symbol of a city and a valuable tourist resource. Think about the Forbidden City and The Summer Palace in Beijing. They are the relics of the city and carrying great historical and cultural information. Every year they attract visitors from all over the world, which generates profound tourist income.More information1. Old buildings attract people.America’s downtown revivals suggest that people like old buildings. Whether the feeling is patriotic, homey, warm, or reassuring, older architecture tends to fit the bill. Regardless of how they actually spend their lives, Americans prefer to picture themselves living around old buildings. Some eyes glaze over when preservationists talk about “historic building stock,” bu t what they really mean is a community’s inventory of old buildings ready to fulfill new uses.2. Old buildings are reminders of a city’s culture and complexity.By seeing historic buildings — whether related to something famous or recognizably dramatic —tourists and longtime residents are able to witness the aesthetic and cultural history of an area. Just as banks prefer to build stately, old-fashioned facades, even when located in commercial malls, a city needs old buildings to maintain a sense of permanency and heritage.托福口语备考之独立口语：哪个职业应该高薪Who should be paid more: a nurse, a teacher, or an officer?From my perspective, nurse should receive the highest salary among these three. First of all, nurse has a great deal of responsibility. They provide hands on care to patients, make patients feel more comfortable, and assist in many aspects ofpatient care from dispensing medicine to drawing blood to simply talking with patients. Secondly, nurses have educational requirements. Depending on the type of nurse, their schooling may involve 6-8 years of education, which means they have to spend a lot of money and efforts in finishing their school. Therefore, nurses should definitely receive a higher pay.More informationThe must-know cons of being a nurseYou will be exposed to all types of germs and viruses. If you are squeamish, nursing is probably not your best career choice. Nurses deal with blood and other bodily fluids. They are also exposed to all types of viruses and other pathogens.Some days will be overwhelming. The job can be stressful for a variety of reasons. For example, there may be times you are short staffed or get a sudden increase in new patients to treat.Patients do not always want or appreciate help. It would be great if all your patients thanked you and were polite. But that is not how it works in the real world. Some patients are easy to work with and others are not.You will see sad situations. There will be times in your nursing career where you witness sad or tragic situations. Patients do not all make it, and watching someone die can be tough.You may have to work holidays, nights and weekends. Working as a nurse is not a 9-5 job Monday through Friday. Nurses who work in hospitals and nursing homes are needed around the clock.You may have to work varied shifts including nights.。

逻辑关系词,代词,和文章结构词

1.五类逻辑关系（前三类常考为核心，后二类为非核心）：第一类逻辑关系词：转折，让步，对比（本质：不一致）(1). 转折，对比：howeveradv. 无论如何；不管怎样, but, nonetheless尽管如此，但是, neverthe less然而，不过, yet*还；但是；已经，但是；然而, though虽然，尽管*, whereas然而*, while虽然；然而；当……的时候*, still*（但是）, conversely相反地, contrarily相反地, contrary to 相反地，对立的, to the contrary相反地，对立的, on the contrary, by contrast,对比，形成对照 in contrast, in comparison（相反地）, compared with (与…相比), unlike（不像）, excluding 将...排除在外，不包括…, save节省，挽救, except反对，除了…之外 except that, except for, other than不同于，非, barring除非；不包括；除…以外*, aside from除……之外；既……又……；*, apart from*（不包括）(2). 让步：even if即使, even though即使, despite尽管，不管, in spite of虽然，尽管…；, g ranted that即使；假定；就算, granting that, albeit, notwithstanding, although, though*, wh ereas*, while*（尽管）, (but) even so, (but) even now, (but) even then（尽管如此）, regardl ess of不管，不顾, irrespective of无论, regardless不管，不顾, even*（即使）(3). 转折，让步，对比：while*（尽管，然而）(4). 对比：instead代替，反而, instead of用…）代替…，, rather than（要）…而不…，与其…倒不如…；, prefer to（与其做…不如做…）, either…or…（或者…或者…）, neither…nor…（既不…也不…）, other, another（其它）, some…,ot hers…（一些…另一些…）; some…most…（一些…大部分…）;some…the remaining(一些…剩余的…); the former…the latter…（前者…后者…）; on （the）one hand…on the other hand…; on (the) one side…on the other side…（一方面…另一方面…）; some…others…still others…（一些…另一些…再一些…）; against (相对)类逻辑词：no, not, without超过；在…外面, hardly几乎不，简直不, rarely罕有的, seldom很少, barely仅仅, scarcely几乎不，简直不, less（否定功能）, stop停止，终止, cease（停止）, firstly首先, at first起初，当初, previously（曾经）, in effect实际上，事实上, in fact事实上, as a mat ter of fact事实上，其实；说起来, actually(其实), oppose反对, against（反对）, comparison, contrast（对比）, interestingly（有趣的是）, ironically（讽刺的是）, (un)fortunately（不幸的是）, than(比较级), anyway, anyhow（无论如何，不顾）。

雅思听力中三种常见的逻辑信号词

雅思听力中三种常见的逻辑信号词为了帮助大家备考雅思听力，下面小编分享几种较为常见且易于上手的逻辑信号词，以重申备考和应试的效率。

雅思听力中三种常见的逻辑信号词一、表示转折和对比在雅思测试以及剑桥系列中，表示转折和对比的信号词是最重要的一类，因为只要此类词一出现，大部分的答案就紧随其后了。

这类词大致有：however、but、unfortunately、yet、while、whereas、on the other hand、on the contrary、in fact、actually等等。

如Cambridge 6 test2 section1的第6题问到关于顾客的occupation，听力原文中说到："…well, I'm in Britain as a project manager, but that's not my main job. I'm an engineer by profession."虽然前面提到了跟职业相关的内容，但是请大家注意的是后面还有一个but，所以听到转折后，前面所说的信息就可以忽略掉了。

二、表强调和突出有时候学生做题的时候发现，明明关键词已经出来了，但是答案还是选错了。

那么这类题中有另外一些表示特别强调和突出的信号词，如：particularly、in particular、especially、more importantly、even、that is to say、to put it another word、surprisingly、much to my surprise、above all等等。

这类词出现后，百分百后面内容都会出现答案。

如Cambridge 9 test1 section2的15题：Shop specializes in equipment for .听力原文："They cover all the major sports, including football, tennis and swimming, but they particularly focus on running."原文中学生能很明显地听到了各种运动，但都不是最终答案，后面还有转折和强调，这个才是最关键。

托福阅读准确判断句子段落间逻辑关系5大类信号词

托福阅读准确判断句子段落间逻辑关系5大类信号词1.显示相同信息的信号词Therehabeenanupurgeofinteretinchambermuic.Likewieoperairecei vingabootfromincreaedrecordale.“likewie”这一信号词显示了前面所提到的idea后面还要再一次出现。

因此，阅读时见到这样的信号词无须放慢阅读速度。

这样的信号词还包括：and,furthermore,more,than,that,alo,likewie,moreover,inadditi on,whatimore,forintance,fore某ample2.显示思路转折的信号词I'dliketogobutI'mtoobuy.although,however,onthecontrary,but,inpiteof,otherwie,depite, neverthele,yet3.显示因果关系的信号词Aareultofthepilot'trike,allflighthavehadtobecancelled.Allflighthavehadtobecancelledaareultofthepilot'trike.所有航班被取消的原因是因为飞行员们的罢工;飞行员们的罢工导致了所有的航班不得不被取消。

显示因果关系的信号词还有：for,thu,becaue,forthireaon,o,therefore,a,ince,conequently4.显示顺序的信号词firt,econd,third,andoon,then,after,before,ne某t,lat,afterward,finally5.表示结论/总结的信号词Inconcluion,IwouldliketoayhowmuchIhaveenjoyedmyelftoday.词组“inconcluion”前面所提到的一些信息将在这里被归纳总结。

高考英语完形填空常考的十种逻辑关系

高考英语完形填空常考的十种逻辑关系语篇是由一些意义相关的句子根据一定的逻辑关系组织起来的语义整体。

语篇衔接中的逻辑关系非常重要，因为它能展现出作者的写作思路和篇章的意义。

高考对逻辑关系的考查主要有两种：一是考查逻辑关系的关联词；二是考查通过逻辑关系来推断出正确的答案。

因此，解题时，一定要重视语篇中前后句或上下文之间的逻辑关系，由逻辑关系中已知的部分推断出未知的部分，从而大幅提高解题能力。

高考英语完形填空中主要有以下十种逻辑关系1因果关系文中前后句之间是因果关系时，两句之间往往有表示原因和结果的关联词，如：because, so, as a result等；但是，有时两句之间却没有表示因果的信号词，这时前后句之间存在着一种隐性的因果关系。

[例1] He might not have done this particularly well, 46 the teacher told Gabriel that he had a good ear and suggested that Gabriel go into the music store-room to see if any of the instruments there appealed to him. (2017年江苏卷)46. A. because B. butC. thoughD. so解析：本题考查表示前后句之间逻辑关系的连接词。

句意：他也许弹（钢琴）得并不特别好，因为老师说他对音乐的领悟能力不错，并建议他去乐器贮藏室看看是否有令他喜欢的乐器。

他弹得不够好，也许是因为钢琴不太适合他，是因果关系，故选A。

[例2] They saw a man 36 out of a garbage can. She asked her mother why he did that and her mother said that the man was homeless and hungry. (2017年北京卷)36. A. jumping B. eatingC. cryingD. waving解析：后一句中的“the man was homeless and hungry（这个男人无家可归且饥肠辘辘）”表示原因，本句表示结果，即前果后因。

逻辑关系词

三类核心逻辑关系：第一类逻辑关系词：转折，让步，对比(1). 转折，对比：however, but, nonetheless, nevertheless, whereas, yet, conversely, contrarily, contrary to, on the contrary, by contrast, in contrast, in comparison, other, anothe r﹡, some…others…; some…most…;some…, others…, still others…; the former…, the latter…; on （the）one hand…, on the other hand…; on (the) one side…, on the other side…; unlike, instead, instead of, rather than, prefer to, excluding, except, except that, except for, other than, aside from﹡, apart from﹡(2). 让步：although, though, even if, even though, despite, in spite of, regardless of, irrespective of, albeit, notwithstanding, anyway, anyhow, after all(3). 转折，让步，对比：while﹡第一类逻辑关系提示词：no, not, without, hardly, rarely, seldom, scarcely, less, stop, cease, firstly, at first, previously, in fact; in effect; actually, this…wrong, oppose, against, to, comparison, contrast, 比较级, interestingly, ironically, (un)fortunately第二类逻辑关系词：并列，递进，举例并列：and, also, or, as well as, as well, too, equally, similarly, likewise, similar to, consistent with, parallel with, aside from﹡, apart from﹡, besides, including, another﹡, neither…nor…, either…or…递进：furthermore, moreover, in addition, in addition to, what’s more, indeed, even, not only…but (also)…, still﹡举例总分：for example, for instance, such as, like, of(among/in/between) these(those/them)举例分总：above all, on the whole, in short, in brief, in a word, in conclusion, in summary, in a nutshell, to conclude, to sum up, all in all, generally, in general, overall, over all, finally, lastly, at last举例的分：firstly, at first, first and foremost, in the first place, to begin with, to start with, secondly, in the second place, 递进词, thirdly…第二类逻辑关系提示词：并列：“,”, “;” , “—” , “()” , namely, that is, in other words, this/it mean, this/it signify, this/it suggest, this/it imply, this/it indicate, this/it conveys, this/it infer, this/it demonstrate, this/it shows, this/it illustrate, this/it display, this/ it manifest, this/it boil down to, 同位语,同位语从句,定语从句, again, same, still﹡递进：increasingly, growingly, more and more, rather, quite, very, extremely, 强调句型举例：“:”, include, many things, all these, conclusion, summary第三类逻辑关系词：因果，目的原因：because, as﹡, for﹡, given, considering, now that, in that, (since), because of, on the ground of, in view of, in (the) light of, by virtue of, on account of, due to, owing to, thanks to, according to, for fear of(that)结果：therefore, so, hence, thus, accordingly, consequently, in consequence, as a result, as a result of, thereby, so…that…, such…that…目的：for﹡, so that, such that, in order to, so as to, in case﹡第三类逻辑关系提示词：explanation(n.), explain(v.), reason(n.), cause(n.＆v.), causal(adj.), resulting(adj.), influence(n.), affect(v.), effect(n.), consequence(n.), result(n.), result in, result from, bring about, lead to,attribute A to B, A be put down to B, A be in response to B有一个以上功能的词：still, another, for, in case, aside from, apart from, while, as, since 易混淆的词：so…that/so that, such…that/such that, accordingly/according to, only if/if only/even if/even though/as if/as though, in case/in case of二类非核心逻辑关系：时间：after, before, between, during, later, until, meanwhile, since, when, whenever, whilst, then, later, as﹡, while﹡,条件：unless, otherwise, in case﹡, in case of, on condition that, as long as, so long as，providing, provided, suppose, supposing, if, only if, if only, whether。

雅思听力八类信号词

•雅思听力常用逻辑联系信号词一.表示列举、增补关系的信号词also, and, as well as, besides, both…and, either, even, for example, for instance, furthermore, in addition, in particular, just as, like, likewise, moreover, namely, not only…but, one more thing, similarly, such as, tog ether, what’s more.•二.表示顺序或序列关系的信号词after, afterwards, as, as soon as, at the moment, before, between, earlier/later, finally, first, first of all, following this/that, for a start, for one thing…for another, in the first place, in the middle, in the second place, initially, just as, last but not least, meanwhile, next, previously, since, then, to begin with, until, when, whenever.•三.表示解释或者强调关系的信号词actually, another way of saying, consists of, equally, I mean, in other words, means, refers to, that is, especially, more importantly, specially, probably, approximately, mainly, one other thing I should point out.•四.表示归纳和结论性关系的信号词accordingly, admittedly, altogether, as a result, consequently, eventually, finally, in a word, in brief, in conclusion, in short, in summary, in that case, lastly, on the whole, overall, thereby, therefore, to sum up, to conclude, to summarize.•雅思听力常用逻辑联系信号词part two•第五，表示转折或对比信号的信号词主要词汇：Although, by/in contrast, as a matter, of fact, nevertheless, instead, however, otherwise, while, thought, but, despite, on the contrary , on the other hand, in the same way, in spite of ,yet, whereas.•第六，表示因果关系的信号词•主要词汇：because, because of, cause, consequently, due to, for, for this reason, hence, in other words, leads to, owing to, since, so, the reason why, therefore, thus.•第七，表示确认关系的信号词•主要词汇：obviously, apparently, certainly, surely, of course, undoubtedly, particularly, specially, especially, basically, preferably, generally speaking.•第八,表示条件关系的信号词•主要词汇if, unless, whether, provided that, providing, for, so that, whether, depending on, given that, considering, without.。

常用逻辑关系词.docx

`1．因果关系渡：（因果）⋯ and so⋯; another important factor/reason⋯; as a consequence;as a result; as; because; because of; being that; consequently; due to; for thereason that; for the same reason; for;hence; adv.因此，所以；今后，从此for this reason; in consequence;in that⋯; in view of; owing to;since; so;⋯so that⋯; the reason seems obvious; there are about⋯; therefore; thus; obviously; evidently2．并列关系渡：（并列）and; also; as well as; both⋯and⋯ ; either⋯or⋯ ; neither⋯nor⋯ ; not only⋯but also⋯; in the same way; too3．序列关系渡：first⋯ , second⋯, third⋯, and so forth; A⋯, B⋯ , C⋯ , and so forth; next; then; following this; at the same time; now; at this point;after; afterwards; subsequently; finally; previously; before this;simultaneously; concurrently; thus; therefore; hence; next;and then; soon4．关系渡：（）accordingly; as a popular saying goes⋯; as far as⋯is concerned; atthe same time; besides; even; further; furthermore; in addition; inorder to⋯; in other words; in the first place⋯, in the second placein this wa y; meanwhile; moreover; not only⋯, but also⋯;not ⋯ but ⋯ ; lastly; for one thing⋯, for another⋯5．关系渡：afterwards; as soon as; at last; before; eventually; every; first;first of all; first and foremost; for a start; meanwhile; in themeantime; while; no w; next; not⋯until; later; formerly; previously;`prior to; since then; since; subsequently; till; to begin with;to start with; when; then6．折关系渡：（立）yet; but ; unless; despite that; in spite of; though; although;although this may be true; even so; even though; however;sometimes; once in a while; independent of; reckless of;regardless of7．条件关系渡：as long as; even if; even though; if it necessary; if not all;if possible; if so; if; lest; once; provided that; unless8．重复关系渡：in brief; as I have said; as I have noted; as has been noted; asis mentioned above9．比关系渡：apart from; by the same token; compared with; in comparison with;in the same vein; like; likewise; rather than; similarly; similarlyimportant; equally; when compared with; when i n fact⋯10．例关系渡：a good example would be; for example; for instance; in this case; inanother case; on this occasion; in this situation; take the case of; todemonstrate; to illustrate; according to; as an illustration; as for; asregards; as to; in particular; including; namely; notably; suchas; like; take⋯as an example; you may say⋯11．比关系渡：after all; as opposed to; balanced against; up against; vis a vis;⋯; contrary where; conversely; on the one hand ⋯ on the other hand to; conversely;unlike; different from this; however; in contrast; nevertheless; on thecontrary; oppose to; whereas; while12．关系渡：definitely; extremely; obviously; absolutely; positively; naturally;surprisingly; always; forever; perennially; eternally; emphatically;never; unquestionably; without a doubt; certainly; surely;undeniably; without reservation; believe it or not; especially;particularly; in particular; specifically; in fact; as a matter of fact;actually; in deed; moreover; not to mention ⋯ ; what is more important; notably;that is13．关系渡：accordingly; altogether; as a result; consequently; hence; in oneword; in brief; in short; in other words; in summary; on the whole;in conclusion; overall; the conclusion can be safely drawn that ⋯ ; therefore; to conclude; to sum up; summing up; as I have shown;as I have said; all in all考研写作常替代公信尾段容１）表示感：A My thanks to you for your generous assistance are beyond words.B Words fail me when I desire to express my sincere gratitude to you for your kindconsideration my requirement/application/complaint.C I take the opportunity to show my heartfelt appreciation for yourgenerous assistance you rendered me2)期待回信：A i am looking forward to your reply.B I look forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience.C your prompt attention to my⋯⋯. Would be highly appreciated.私人信写法第一段客套+写作目的It is great to hear from you again.Nothing could have given me greater pleasure than to get news of you.You have no idea how happy I was to receive your letter.As to/with reference to /with regard to/as regards⋯,引出写作目的第三段候+期待回信I look forward to hearing from you at your earlist concenience.Please bring my best wished to your family.I wish you good health and lots of happiness.I wish every success for your career/study in the future.私人信写法第一段客套+写作目的It is great to hear from you again.Nothing could have given me greater pleasure than to get news of you.You have no idea how happy I was to receive your letter.As to/with reference to /with regard to/as regards⋯,引出写作目的第三段候+期待回信I look forward to hearing from you at your earlist concenience.Please bring my best wished to your family.I wish you good health and lots of happiness.I wish every success for your career/study in the future.1.important=crucial,critical significant essential vitalmon=universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous,it seems to beeverywhere)4.difficult=formidable5.understand=discern6.all the time--continually, continuously, constantly, perpetually7.as a result—consequently、8.before--prior to9.begin—commence10. better—superior11.big--major, significant, substantial12.have--be equipped with, possess13.if--in the event of, in case(of)14.in the end--eventually, finally, ultimately15.know--be aware of, be conversant with, familiar with16.less and less--decreasing(ly)17. more and more–increasingly18.money--funding, funds, resources19. more and more—increasingly20.need--demand, require21.now--at present, at this juncture, at this moment, currently22.often--frequent(ly)23.quick(ly)--rapid(ly),prompt(ly)24.right--appropriate, correct, proper reasonable25.sharp--abrupt, drastic dramatic26.show--demonstrate, manifest reveal27. small--minor/insignificant (problems, differences etc),marginal(不重要的，微小的 )28.too many--an excessive number of, a disproportionate number of29.too much--excessive(ly)30.about : regarding concerning involving relating to, with respect to,with reference to31.Famous: well-known famed, noted, renowned, enjoy a nation-wide/worldwidereputation/fame be widely acknowledged/known32.poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken1.individuals,characters, folks替换(people ,persons)2: positive,favorable,rosy ( 美好的 ) ， promising(有希望的)，perfect,pleasurable, excellent, outstanding, superior替换good3:dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的)替换bad如果bad做表语，可以有 be less impressive替换eg.An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches tograduation ,as a result, they find their academic records are less impressive.4.(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of, many, if not most)替 many.注：用 many, if not most一定要小心，many后一定要有。

托福听力逻辑信号词汇总

因果关系：因为〔原因, 源于〕:due to，as，for, because (of), since, owing to, thanks to, come from, result from, initiate from, derive from, arise from, originate from, in that, on account of, be attributed to所以〔结果，导致〕：therefore, thereby, thus, hence, consequently, as a consequence, so, so that, as a result (of), result in, bring about, accordingly, account for, give rise to, contribute to, lead to, spark, prompt, be responsible to, stimulate, cause, make, render, spur, push, motivate比照转折关系:in contrast to, while, whereas, nevertheless, instead of, but，yet, conversely, alternatively, on the contrary, contrary to, in contrast, different from, differ from, however, rather than, unlike, in fact, while, meanwhile并列比较关系：or, vice versa, also, as well as, both and, either or, neither nor, in the same way, equally, similarly, similar to, like, just like, unlike，likewise, not only but also, more than.条件关系：if, unless, providing, provided, until, suppose, supposing that, in case, as long as, on condition that, only if, when让步关系：Although, though, even though/if, even, despite, in spite of, nevertheless, anyway, as while(尽管，虽然，即使), still(尽管如此) , now that递进Still, also, indeed, furthermore, moreover, even, besides, additionally, in addition, what’s more经常考察的逻辑关系有: 因果, 转折&让步, 并列&递进, 举例因果关系: 两个事物A和B, A导致了B的发生-常见的表示因果关系的词语:---1. 表示前因后果的逻辑连接词: thus/therefore/hence/consequently, lead to, so, so ... that ..., in order to(前为手段, 后为目的), result in, ...---2. 表示前果后因的逻辑连接词: because, result from, subject to, for/as/since, ...---3. 表示逻辑意味的动词: 作者常在表示因果的逻辑连接词和表示因果的动词之间替换------1. 表示”造成, 确定”意味的动词: determine, cause,make,have, come from, arise from, ...------2. 表示”刺激, 影响”意味的动词: inﬂuence, stimulate, trigger, inspire, ...------3. 表示”思考, 联系”意味的单词: establish connections between, reasoning that, ...-常见的因果关系的错误选项:---1. 因果颠倒(常见): 把原句的因果调换位置构成一个错误选项, 所以我们读到因果关系的句子时一定要先明确何者为因, 何者为果---2. 把因果关系替换成必要条件关系: 假设原句的逻辑关系为因果关系, 那么只要在选项中出现了unless, only if等表示必要条件关系的词语, 这个选项就一定为错误选项---3. 把因果关系替换成并列关系: 假设原句中的A和B两个事物之间成因果关系, 但是选项中A和B两个事物呈现并列关系, 那么这个选项就一定为错误选项---4. 遗漏因果关系: 假设原句中含有因果关系, 但是某个选项中却不存在因果关系, 那转折关系&让步关系: A + 转折/让步词+ B, 表示A和B的内容相反-转折关系和让步关系的差异: 转折关系强调的是紧接在转折词之后的内容(I love you, but I canʼt marry you.), 让步关系强调的是不与让步词紧密连接的内容(I love you, although I canʼt marry you.), 也就是说,这两种关系的强调重点不同-常见的表示转折关系的逻辑连接词: but, however, whereas, while, contrary to, ...-常见的表示让步关系的逻辑连接词: even, even though, although, despite, in spite of, ...-一般来说, 原句中的转折/让步关系都在正确选项中得到保留-在复述题中, 转折关系和让步关系是可以互换的(也就是说, 假设原句中出现了转折关系, 但是选项中出现了让步关系, 那么该选项仍然有可能为正确选项)并列关系&递进关系: A和B两个事物的性质/地位相同-并列关系和递进关系之间的差异: 并列关系表示两个事物之间性质/地位完全相同, 递进关系除此之外还表示两个事物之间的程度存在差异-常见的表示并列关系的逻辑连接词: and, also, both, as well as, either ... or ..., neither ..., nor, ...-常见的表示递进关系的逻辑连接词: not only ... but also ..., in addition to, even+比较级, ...-复述题只考察性质的判断, 而不考察程度的差异; 所以在复述题中, 并列关系和递进关系是可以互换的-并列关系假设被替换成了其他关系(因果/转折), 那么这个选项一定是错误选项-一般不作为主考的逻辑关系, 只可能作为出错误选项的一个要点举例关系: 一个观点A, 配上一个相关例子B, B的作用是为了说明A 的正确性-观点往往出现在例子之前, 为观点服务-常见的表示举例关系的逻辑连接词: for example, such as, like, ...-在正确选项中, 具体的例子是可以被省略的, 但是例子想要说明的观点或者结论是必须保留的。

托福阅读提升整体理解这5类逻辑信号词

托福阅读提升整体理解这5类逻辑信号词想要快速理解托福阅读的文章，考生需要学会把握文章句子和段落之间存在的各类规律关系。

今日我给大家带来了托福阅读提升整体理解这5类规律信号词。

盼望能够关心到大家，下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。

托福阅读提升整体理解这5类规律信号词不行不知1.显示相同信息的信号词There has been an upsurge of interest in chamber music. Likewise opera is receiving a boost from increased record sales.“likewise”这一信号词显示了前面所提到的idea后面还要再一次消失。

因此，阅读时见到这样的信号词无须放慢阅读速度。

这样的信号词还包括：and, furthermore, more, than, that, also, likewise, moreover, in addition, what is more, for instance, for example2.显示思路转折的信号词Id like to go but Im too busy.“but”前后是完全不同的信息描述，它向读者显示了的思路在这里有了转折。

阅读时，遇到这样的信号词我们需放慢阅读速度，以精确猎取真正想要说明的意思。

这类信号词还有：although, however, on the contrary, but, in spite of, otherwise, despite, nevertheless, yet3.显示因果关系的信号词As a result of the pilotsstrike, all flights have had to be cancelled.All flights have had to be cancelled as a result of the pilotsstrike.全部航班被取消的缘由是由于飞行员们的罢工;飞行员们的罢工导致了全部的航班不得不被取消。

干货雅思阅读五大常见信号词总结

干货 | 雅思阅读五大常见信号词总结一、引言在雅思考试中，阅读部分一直被认为是最具挑战性的一部分。

阅读理解的难点不仅在于需要理解复杂的文章，还需要能够识别关键信息、抓住主题和主旨。

而在阅读中，信号词的作用就如同指路明灯，能够帮助考生快速理解文章结构和推断作者观点。

本文将为大家总结五种常见的雅思阅读信号词，帮助大家高效应对考试。

二、主体1.逻辑关系信号词逻辑关系信号词主要用于表达文章中不同观点之间或事件之间的关系。

常见的逻辑关系信号词有“however”（然而）、“therefore”（因此）、“consequently”（因此）、“nevertheless”（然而）等。

通过识别这些信号词，考生能够更准确地把握文章的逻辑结构，准确理解作者的观点。

2.转折信号词转折信号词通常用于表达文章中的转折关系。

“although”（尽管）、“despite”（尽管）、“but”（但是）等。

这些信号词常常出现在作者想要讲解一个相反或对立的观点时。

考生需要特别关注这些信号词，以便能够准确理解文章中的转折和对立关系。

3.举例信号词举例信号词用于引导作者给出具体的例子，以支持他们的观点。

常见的举例信号词有“for example”（例如）、“such as”（诸如）等。

通过识别举例信号词，考生可以更好地理解作者给出例子的目的，从而更好地理解文章的主题和论证。

4.类比信号词类比信号词常用于比较两个不同的事物或现象。

常见的类比信号词有“like”（像）、“similarly”（类似地）、“in the same way”（以同样的方式）等。

通过识别类比信号词，考生能够更好地理解文章中作者所提出的对比和类推。

5.总结信号词总结信号词常用于结束一个段落或文章，并总结重点观点。

常见的总结信号词有“in conclusion”（总之）、“to sum up”（总结）、“therefore”（因此）等。

通过识别总结信号词，考生可以快速理解作者在文章中提出的重点和结论。

雅思听力常用的6种逻辑信号词

雅思听力常用的6种逻辑信号词无论是说话还是写作，都需要符合一定的逻辑，而这些逻辑就需要逻辑词连接，在雅思听力中就是雅思听力逻辑信号词，那么具体有哪些呢?下面就来看看小编为大家收集整理的雅思听力逻辑信号词，分享给大家，希望对大家有所帮助，文中观点仅供参考。

雅思听力常用的6种逻辑信号词雅思听力逻辑信号词1 表示列举，增补关系的信号词这类的信号词出现的时候，就说明下文出现的内容和前文是同类事物，或者对前文的补充说明，而不会是新的或者相反的信息。

and in addition to one more thing what’s more besides either also too as well as for instance for example furthermore such as like likewise similarly moreover together雅思听力逻辑信号词2 表示转折或者对比关系这一类的词汇在雅思听力中是黄金出题点，任何一套试卷中，这一类词汇是100%要有考点出现的，而且还不少，所以大家一定要仔细掌握这一类词汇。

当你在听力中听到这一类词汇的时候，必须集中注意力，说话者是在提醒你相面将要提供的信息是新的或者相反的有改变的信息。

Although by/in contrast as a matter of fact nevertheless instead however otherwise while thought but despite on the contrary on the other hand in the same way in spite of yet whereas雅思听力逻辑信号词3 表示顺序喝序列关系的信号词这一类信号词是帮助大家将分开的信息或者考点连接起来，这一类的信号词并不是考点的设置的高频地方，它起到的作用是帮助大家理清说话者的陈述次序。

First second last but not least third in the middle after between before next for a start afterward finally for one thing for another in the first place first of all to begin with meanwhile untilsubsequently previously then雅思听力逻辑信号词4 表示解释或者强调关系的信号词这一类信号词是暗示下文对前文的解释以及澄清，是为了加深理解而进行的进一步相关陈述。

托福阅读准确判断句子段落间逻辑关系5大类信号词

托福阅读准确判断句子段落间逻辑关系5大类信号词想要快速理解托福阅读的文章，考生需要学会把握文章句子和段落之间存在的各类逻辑关系。

下面小编就和大家分享托福阅读准确判断句子段落间逻辑关系5大类信号词汇总一览 ,希望能够帮助到大家，来欣赏一下吧。

【精选资料】托福阅读准确判断句子段落间逻辑关系5大类信号词汇总一览1.显示相同信息的信号词There has been an upsurge of interest in chamber music. Likewise opera is receiving a boost from increased record sales.“likewise”这一信号词显示了前面所提到的idea后面还要再一次出现。

因此，阅读时见到这样的信号词无须放慢阅读速度。

这样的信号词还包括：and, furthermore, more, than, that, also, likewise, moreover, in addition, what is more, for instance, for example2.显示思路转折的信号词I'd like to go but I'm too busy.“but”前后是完全不同的信息描述，它向读者显示了作者的思路在这里有了转折。

阅读时，碰到这样的信号词我们需放慢阅读速度，以准确获取作者真正想要说明的意思。

这类信号词还有：although, however, on the contrary, but, in spite of, otherwise, despite, nevertheless, yet3.显示因果关系的信号词As a result of the pilots'strike, all flights have had to be cancelled.All flights have had to be cancelled as a result of the pilots'strike.所有航班被取消的原因是因为飞行员们的罢工;飞行员们的罢工导致了所有的航班不得不被取消。

托福阅读中的逻辑关系词

托福阅读中的逻辑关系词作者在阐述观点时会大量使用逻辑关系词来组织结构，展开论证。

在阅读过程中，充分利用逻辑关系词（也称之为语言信号词）是定位主旨和查找细节信息的重要阅读应试技巧之一。

通过寻找信号词可以寻找线索，快速定位答案所在。

常见的信号词包括以下四类：-Comparison 比较关系词E.g. This approach is considered to be much more effective than the previous one.Mobile telephones are much thinner than they used to be.Australia is a dry continent, second only to Antarctica.Of the various strains of this crop, this new hybrid produces by far the highest yields.Most people studying intelligence and creativity in the new millennium now prefer a broader definition.-----Signal words:A.同级比较Equally; in the same way; likewise, similarlyB.比较级：more than，-er than，less thanC.变化：change，alter，vary，modify，revise，increase，decrease，enhance，diminish，develop，progress，advance，improve，retreat，degenerate，continue，remainD.差异：different，distinguish，separate，same，similar，comparable，comparetoE.超越：surpass, exceed, excel, over, superior toF.最高级1)本身有最高级含义：maximum, minimum, peak, outstanding, top2) 本身程度比较深：amazing, surprising, astonishing, prohibitively high,deeply3) 否定+比较=最高级No one is more outstanding than him.G.表示对比：while, whereas, in comparison-Contrast 转折关系词（让步）转折词+重点内容，让步词+背景之类的（次重点）E.g. In recent times, however,that lofty ideal has not always been attained.Rather than=rather=instead of=not take responsibility for their weight, obese people have often sought solace in the excuse that they have a slow metabolism.Nuclear power supplies 5% of the world ’s energy from more than 400 plants. But with the exception of France and Japan, the rich world has stopped ordering new reactors.Although the number of libraries multiplied, library users remained few in number until literacy became more widespread during the 18thcentury.Whilethere is now broad agreement about the effects of high-level radiation, there is controversy over the long-term effect of low-level doses. -Cause and effect 因果关系词因：because 、because of 、for 、as 、by 、since 、in that 、on account of 、with 果：so 、so that 、therefore 、thereby 、as a result 、hence 、thus 、consequently 、Accordingly,……..Signal words:Conversely, admittedly, ironically, however, while, but, although, by contrast, despite, even though, in contrast, in spite of, instead of, instead, nevertheless, nonetheless, o n the other hand, on the contrary, otherwise, though, rather, yet, whereas因果关系除了传统意义上的显性因果表达词外，隐性的因果同样是不可忽略的一个重要部分。

逻辑关系词

逻辑关系词1、表示转折：but, however, yet, nevertheless/nonetheless , whereas2、表示对立：while（表对比）,whereas（用于比较或对比两个事实）然而、但是, rather than, instead of, on the contrary, by contrast3、表因果：Now(that)既然，由于, given that考虑到, as/since/for/because, so/such that, consequently, as a result, hence, thus, inasmuch as (used to add a comment on sth. that you have just said and to say in what way it is true 因为、鉴于、在。

范围内)4、表并列：likewise, simultaneous, meanwhile, neither…nor, either…or, equally, in the same way, as well as, the same as, or5. 表承接：naturally, and, now that5、总分关系：for instance, for example, such as, including6、表递进：even, furthermore, moreover, plus, what’s more, besides, in addition, additionally7. 表让步：though/although(虽然), even if/though（即使）；no matter +疑问词, despite/in spite of +n.8.条件关系：if, so long as, as long as, if only, provided, in case/for fear that 万一/以免9.解说关系：namely, that is to say, in other words, to be exact, to put it mildly.。

逻辑关系信号词

逻辑关系信号词1、转折让步关系although, even though, though ，despite the fact that, in spite ofHowever, But, yet, otherwise, nevertheless, instead,In contrast, by contrast, on the contrary,2、排列与次序firstly , secondly, thirdly; in the first place, in the second place; first and foremost, moreover, additionally, furthermore, eventually, to end with, in addition to that, besides, finally, lastly.3、比较（相似或不同）In comparison, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way,as ,like, similar to, resemble ( vt.)A be different from B, difference between A andB , distinguish…from…distinguishbetween A and B, distinct from, distinctive4、递进Furthermore, moreover, besides, in addition, additionally, also5、表因果（原因）because of, owing to, due to, thanks to, as a result of, Because, since, for, as（结果）therefore, thus, hence, consequently, accordingly As a result,as a consequence , So（因果关系的动词短语）A lead to B， A result in B, A result from B, A be associated with B,A be linked with B6 承上启下Also，another, beyond, alternative to7强调indeed, most important, certainly, in fact, obviously, clearly, surely, inparticular, in this case, actually.。

常用逻辑关系词

1．因果关系过渡词语：（因果）…and so…; another important factor/reason…; as a consequence; as a result; as; because; because of; being that; consequently; due to; for the reason that; for the same reason; for;hence; adv.因此，所以；今后，从此for this reason; in consequence; in that…; in view of; owing to; since; so;…so that…; the reason seems obvious; there are about…; therefore; thus; obviously; evidently2．并列关系过渡词语：（并列）and; also; as well as; both…and…; either…or…; neither…nor…; not only…but also…; in the same way; too3．序列关系过渡词语：first…, second…, third…, and so forth; A…, B…, C…, and so forth; next; then; following this; at the same time; now; at this point; after; afterwards; subsequently; finally; previously; before this; simultaneously; concurrently; thus; therefore; hence; next; and then; soon4．递进关系过渡词语：（递进）。

accordingly; as a popular saying goes…; as far as…is concerned; at the same time; besides; even; further; furthermore; in addition; in order to…; in other words; in the first place…, in the second place…; in this way; meanwhile; moreover; not only…, but also…; not…but…; lastly; for one thing…, for another…5．时间关系过渡词语：afterwards; as soon as; at last; before; eventually; every; first; first of all; first and foremost; for a start; meanwhile; in the meantime; while; now; next; not…until; later; formerly; previously; prior to; since then; since; subsequently; till; to begin with; to start with; when; then6．转折关系过渡词语：（对立）yet; but; unless; despite that; in spite of; though; although; although this may be true; even so; even though; however; sometimes; once in a while; independent of; reckless of; regardless of7．条件关系过渡词语：as long as; even if; even though; if it necessary; if not all; if possible; if so; if; lest; once; provided that; unless8．重复关系过渡词语：in brief; as I have said; as I have noted; as has been noted; as is mentioned above9．比较关系过渡词语：%apart from; by the same token; compared with; in comparison with; in the same vein; like; likewise; rather than; similarly; similarly important; equally; when compared with; wh en in fact…10．举例关系过渡词语：a good example would be; for example; for instance; in this case; in another case; on this occasion; in this situation; take the case of; to demonstrate; to illustrate; according to; as an illustration; as for; as regards; as to; in particular; including; namely; notably; such as; like; take…as an example; you may say…11．对比关系过渡词语：after all; as opposed to; balanced against; up against; vis a vis; where; conversely; on the one hand…on the other hand…; contrary to; conversely; unlike; different from this; however; in contrast; nevertheless; on the contrary; oppose to; whereas; while12．强调关系过渡词语：definitely; extremely; obviously; absolutely; positively; naturally; surprisingly; always; forever; perennially; eternally; emphatically; never; unquestionably; without a doubt; certainly; surely; undeniably; without reservation; believe it or not; especially; particularly; in particular; specifically; in fact; as a matter of fact; actually; in deed; moreover; not to mention…; what is more impo rtant; notably; that is13．总结关系过渡词语：accordingly; altogether; as a result; consequently; hence; in one word; in brief; in short; in other words; in summary; on the whole; in conclusion; overall; the conclusion can be safely drawn that…; therefore; to conclude; to sum up; summing up; as I have shown; as I have said; all in all~…考研写作常见单词替代公务书信尾段内容１）表示感谢：A My thanks to you for your generous assistance are beyond words.B Words fail me when I desire to express my sincere gratitude to you for your kind consideration my requirement/application/complaint.C I take the opportunity to show my heartfelt appreciation for your generous assistance you rendered me2) 期待回信：|A i am looking forward to your reply.B I look forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience.C your prompt attention to my ……. Would be highly appreciated.私人书信写法第一段客套话+写作目的It is great to hear from you again.Nothing could have given me greater pleasure than to get news of you. You have no idea how happy I was to receive your letter.As to/with reference to /with regard to/as regards … ,引出写作目的；第三段问候语+期待回信I look forward to hearing from you at your earlist concenience.Please bring my best wished to your family.I wish you good health and lots of happiness.I wish every success for your career/study in the future.私人书信写法第一段客套话+写作目的It is great to hear from you again.Nothing could have given me greater pleasure than to get news of you. You have no idea how happy I was to receive your letter.<As to/with reference to /with regard to/as regards … ,引出写作目的第三段问候语+期待回信I look forward to hearing from you at your earlist concenience.Please bring my best wished to your family.I wish you good health and lots of happiness.I wish every success for your career/study in the future.1. important=crucial,critical significant essential vital2. common=universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to beeverywhere)4. difficult=formidable5. understand=discern%6. all the time--continually, continuously, constantly, perpetually7. as a result—consequently、8. before--prior to9. begin—commence10. better—superior11. big--major, significant, substantial12. have--be equipped with, possess13. if--in the event of, in case(of)14. in the end--eventually, finally, ultimately15. know--be aware of, be conversant with, familiar with:16. less and less--decreasing(ly)17. more and more –increasingly18. money--funding, funds, resources19. more and more—increasingly20. need--demand, require21. now--at present, at this juncture, at this moment, currently22. often--frequent(ly)23. quick(ly)--rapid(ly),prompt(ly)24. right--appropriate, correct, proper reasonable25. sharp--abrupt, drastic dramatic【26. show--demonstrate, manifest reveal27. small--minor/insignificant (problems, differences etc),marginal(不重要的，微小的)28. too many--an excessive number of, a disproportionate number of29. too much--excessive(ly)30. about : regarding concerning involving relating to, with respect to, with reference to31. Famous: well-known famed, noted, renowned, enjoy a nation-wide/worldwide reputation/fame be widely acknowledged/known32. poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken,characters, folks替换(people ,persons)2: positive, favorable, rosy (美好的)，promising(有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior替换good3:dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的)替换bad如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches to graduation ,as a result, they find their academic records are less impressive.]4.(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of, many, if not most)替换many.注：用many, if not most一定要小心，many后一定要有词。

逻辑连接词

逻辑连接词逻辑连接词在中文写作中起着连接、衔接各个句子和段落的作用，能够使文章逻辑清晰、结构完整，让读者更好地理解和掌握文章的内容。

下面将介绍一些常见的逻辑连接词。

首先，表示并列关系的逻辑连接词有"而且"、"并且"、"同时"等。

这些连接词用于连接同等重要的内容，用来增加信息的量或者呈现多个情况或观点。

例如："我学习努力，而且成绩进步很快"、"他不仅热爱运动，并且擅长各种球类运动"。

其次，表示因果关系的逻辑连接词有"因为"、"所以"、"由于"、"所以"等。

这些连接词用于表达因果关系，说明一个事物或事件导致另一个事物或事件发生。

例如："他因为努力学习，所以考试得了高分"、"由于下雨，所以比赛取消了"。

第三，表示转折关系的逻辑连接词有"但是"、"然而"、"可是"等。

这些连接词用于表达转折的观点或情况，引导文章从一个方面转向另一个方面，增加文章的层次和复杂度。

例如："他很聪明，但是学习懒散"、"我想参加比赛，可是这周末我要去参加亲戚婚礼"。

其次，表示递进关系的逻辑连接词有"而且"、"此外"、"再者"等。

这些连接词用于表达递进的情况或观点，逐渐展开文章的内容，详细说明一个事物或事件的不同方面。

例如："我不仅努力学习，而且参加各种学术活动，提高自己的综合素质"、"此外，我们还可以通过培养兴趣爱好来放松身心"。

最后，表示总结关系的逻辑连接词有"总而言之"、"综上所述"、"总的来说"等。

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