南京农业大学考博英语题型分析

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2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：23

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题With the severe shortage of energy supply, we are facing the （） of a very hard winter. 问题1选项A.expectationB.prospectC.promiseD.damage【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。

expectation “预料” ; prospect “前景”；promise “承诺”;damage “毁坏”。

句意：因为能源供应的严重短缺，我们将面临一个艰难的冬天。

选项B符合题意。

2.翻译题在中国人的心目中，似乎没有一部书可以与《红楼梦》比肩，它既可以拥有亿万的读者,也带有众多的谜团。

它是中国古典小说的巅峰之作，有一般文化的人都可以读懂它，但是即便很有学问的人也不敢说尽解某奥妙……也正因为如此，近一百多年来，它被翻译成多种文字，在国外赢得越来越多的读者，为传播中国文化起到了积极的作用。

【答案】As for Chinese people, “A Dream of Red Mansions” is the greatest book that no book can compare with and hundreds of millions of people like to read. And there are also many mysteries in this book. It represents the pinnacle of Chinese classical novels and people who are half educated can read and understand it. But some learned people don’t dare to explain subtleties contained in it…Thus, it has been translated into various languages for about 100 years and accepted more and more foreign readers, which plays an active role in spreading Chinese culture.3.单选题I don’t mind a bit if you bring your friends in for a drink, but it is rather too much when ten people arrive （） for dinner.问题1选项A.unusuallyB.excessivelyC.consequentlyD.unexpectedly【答案】D【解析】副词词义辨析。

博士英语考试题型

博士英语考试题型在博士英语考试中，考生需要熟悉各种题型，以便有效地准备和应对考试。

本文将介绍常见的博士英语考试题型及其特点，帮助考生理解并有效应对考试。

一、阅读理解题阅读理解题是博士英语考试的重点题型之一。

该题型要求考生根据篇章内容，理解和分析文章的主旨、观点、论证过程等，并回答相关问题。

阅读理解题分为短文理解和长篇理解两种。

短文理解通常包括若干篇短文，每篇短文后跟有若干问题。

长篇理解则是一篇长篇文章，后面跟有一系列问题。

答题技巧：1. 仔细阅读文章：通读全文，了解文章主题和结构，捕捉关键信息。

2. 抓住问题关键词：在阅读问题时，注意关键词，理解问题要求，快速定位答案。

3. 筛选选项：对于选择题，排除干扰选项，从剩余选项中选择最合适的答案。

二、完形填空题完形填空题主要考察考生的语法和词汇运用能力，以及对文章上下文的理解能力。

该题型在一篇短文中留有若干个空白处，考生需要根据上下文补全合适的单词或短语。

答题技巧：1. 阅读全文：快速阅读全文，理解大意和文章的逻辑结构。

2. 掌握文章情节：通过阅读，了解文章的叙述顺序和发展过程，帮助理解空格前后的内容。

3. 根据上下文选择答案：尝试选择与空格前后信息衔接紧密、符合语法和意义的选项。

三、听力理解题听力理解题是博士英语考试的难点题型之一。

该题型要求考生根据听到的对话或独白，回答相关问题。

听力理解题分为短对话和长对话独白两种。

短对话通常包括若干段对话，每段对话后跟有一个问题。

长对话独白则是一段较长的对话或独白，后面跟有一系列问题。

答题技巧：1. 专注倾听：注意听力材料的语速、语调和重点信息，集中注意力，避免分神。

2. 做好笔记：在听力材料播放过程中，尝试记下关键词，以方便后续回答问题。

3. 预测答案：根据听到的信息，尝试预测答案，准确把握问题的要求。

四、写作题写作题是博士英语考试的关键题型之一。

该题型要求考生在规定的时间内，根据题目要求，完成一篇短文写作。

写作题通常包括作文或短文写作等。

南京农业大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析

南京农业大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析Section II Use of EnglishRead the following text.Choose the best word(s)for eachnumbered blank and mark[A],[B],[C]or[D]on ANSWER SHEET.(20points)Health implies more than physical fitness.It also implies mentaland emotional well-being.An angry,frustrated,emotionally21personin good physical condition is not22healthy.Mental health,therefore,has much to do23how a person copes with the world as s/he exists.Many of the factors that24physical health also affect mental andemotional well-being.Having a good self-image means that people have positive25pictures and good,positive feelings about themselves,about whatthey are capable26,and about the roles they play.People with goodself-images like themselves,and they are27like others.Having agood self-image is based28a realistic,as well as positive,or Gengduo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lianxi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiuqi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi optimistic29of one’s own worth and value and capabilities.Stress is an unavoidable,necessary,and potentially healthful30of our society.People of all ages31stress.Children begin to32stress during prenatal development and during childbirth.Examplesof stress-inducing33in the life of a young person are death of apet,pressure to34academically,the divorce of parents,or joining a new youth group.The different ways in which individuals35to stress may bring healthful or unhealthy results.One person experiencing a great deal of stress may function exceptionally well36another may be unable to function at all.If stressful situations are continually encountered,the individual’s physical,social,and mental health are eventually affected.Satisfying social relations are vital to37mental and emotional health.It is believed that in order to38,develop,and maintain effective and fulfilling social relationships people must39the ability to know and trust each other,understand each other,influence, and help each other.They must also be capable of40conflicts in a constructive way.21.[A]unstable[B]unsure[C]imprecise[D]impractical22.[A]normally[B]generally[C]virtually[D]necessarily23.[A]on[B]at[C]to[D]with24.[A]signify[B]influence[C]predict[D]mark25.[A]intellectual[B]sensual[C]spiritual[D]mental26.[A]to be doing[B]with doing[C]to do[D]of doing27.[A]able better to[B]able to better[C]better to able[D] better able to28.[A]on[B]from[C]at[D]about29.[A]assessment[B]decision[C]determination[D]assistance30.[A]ideality[B]realization[C]realism[D]reality31.[A]occur[B]engage[C]confront[D]encounter32.[A]tolerate[B]sustain[C]experience[D]undertake33.[A]evidence[B]accidents[C]adventures[D]events34.[A]acquire[B]achieve[C]obtain[D]fulfill35.[A]respond[B]return[C]retort[D]reply36.[A]why[B]when[C]while[D]where37.[A]sound[B]all-round[C]entire[D]whole38.[A]illuminate[B]enunciate[C]enumerate[D]initiate39.[A]access[B]assess[C]process[D]possess40.[A]resolving[B]saluting[C]dissolving[D]solvingSection III Reading ComprehensionRead the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing[A],[B],[C]or[D]Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET (40points)Text1The period of adolescence,i.e.,the period between childhood and adulthood,may be long or short,depending on social expectations and on society’s definition as to what constitutes maturity and adulthood.In primitive societies adolescence is frequently a relatively short period of time,while in industrial societies with patterns of prolonged education coupled with laws against child labor, the period of adolescence is much longer and may include most of the second decade of one’s life.Furthermore,the length of the adolescent period and the definition of adulthood status may changein a given society as social and economic conditions change.Examples of this type of change are the disappearance of the frontier in the latter part of the nineteenth century in the United States,and more universally,the industrialization of an agricultural society.In modern society,ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance and there no longer is agreement as to what constitutes initiation ceremonies.Social ones have been replaced by a sequence of steps that lead to increased recognition and social status.For example,grade school graduation, high school graduation and college graduation constitute such a sequence,and while each step implies certain behavioral changes and social recognition,the significance of each depends on thesocio-economic status and the educational ambition of the individual. Ceremonies for adolescence have also been replaced by legal definitions of status roles,right,privileges and responsibilities. It is during the nine years from the twelfth birthday to the twenty-first that the protective and restrictive aspects of childhood and minor status are removed and adult privileges and responsibilities are granted.The twelve-year-old is no longer considered a child and has to pay full fare for train,airplane, theater and movie tickets.Basically,the individual at this age loses childhood privileges without gaining significant adult rights.At the age of sixteen the adolescent is granted certain adult rights which increases his social status by providing him with more freedom andchoices.He now can obtain a driver’s license;he can leave public schools;and he can work without the restrictions of child labor laws. At the age of eighteen the law provides adult responsibilities as well as rights;the young man can now be a soldier,but he also can marry without parental permission.At the age of twenty-one the individual obtains his full legal rights as an adult.He now can vote,he can buy liquor,he can enter into financial contracts,and he is entitled to run for public office.No additional basic rights are acquired as a function of age after majority status has been attained.None of these legal provisions determine at what point adulthood has been reached but they do point to the prolonged period of adolescence.41.The period of adolescence is much longer in industrial societies because________.[A]the definition of maturity has changed[B]the industrialized society is more developed[C]more education is provided and laws against child labor are made(C)[D]ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance42.Former social ceremonies that used to mark adolescence have given place to________.[A]graduations from schools and colleges[B]social recognition[C]socio-economic status(A)[D]certain behavioral changes43.No one can expect to fully enjoy the adulthood privileges until he is________.[A]eleven years old[B]sixteen years old[C]twenty-one years old(C)[D]between twelve and twenty-one years old44.Starting from22,________.[A]one will obtain more basic rights[B]the older one becomes,the more basic rights he will have[C]one won’t get more basic rights than when he is21(C)[D]one will enjoy more rights granted by society45.According to the passage,it is true that________.[A]in the late19th century in the United States the dividing line between adolescence and adulthood no longer existed[B]no one can marry without the permission of his parents until the age of twenty-one[C]one is considered to have reached adulthood when he has a driver’s license(A)[D]one is not free from the restrictions of child labor laws until he can join the armText2Well,no gain without pain,they say.But what about pain without gain?Everywhere you go in America,you hear tales of corporaterevival.What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.The official statistics are mildly discouraging.They show that, if you lump manufacturing and services together,productivity has grown on average by1.2%since1987.That is somewhat faster than the average during the previous decade.And since1991,productivity has increased by about2%a year,which is more than twice the1978-1987 average.The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle, and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend. There is,as Robert Rubin,the treasury secretary,says,a “disjunction”between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics.Some of this can be easily explained.New ways of organizing the workplace—all that re-engineering and downsizing—are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy,which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery,new technology,and investment in education and training.Moreover,most of the changes that companies make are intended to keep them profitable,and this need not always mean increasing productivity:switching to new markets or improving quality can matter just as much.Two other explanations are more speculative.First,some of thebusiness restructuring of recent years may have been ineptly done. Second,even if it was well done,it may have spread much less widely than people suppose.Leonard Schlesinger,a Harvard academic and former chief executive of Au Bong Pain,a rapidly growing chain of bakery cafes, says that much“re-engineering”has been crude.In many cases,he believes,the loss of revenue has been greater than the reductions in cost.His colleague,Michael Beer,says that far too many companies have applied re-engineering in a mechanistic fashion,chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long term profitability. BBDO’s Al Rosenshine is blunter.He dismisses a lot of the work of re-engineering consultants as mere rubbish—“the worst sort of ambulance cashing.”46.According to the author,the American economic situation is ________.[A]not as good as it seems[B]at its turning point[C]much better than it seems(A)[D]near to complete recovery47.The official statistics on productivity growth________.[A]exclude the usual rebound in a business cycle[B]fall short of businessmen’s anticipation[C]meet the expectation of business people(B)[D]fail to reflect the true state of economy48.The author raises the question“what about pain without gain?”because________.[A]he questions the truth of“no gain without pain”[B]he does not think the productivity revolution works[C]he wonders if the official statistics are misleading(B)[D]he has conclusive evidence for the revival of businesses49.Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?[A]Radical reforms are essential for the increase of productivity.[B]New ways of organizing workplaces may help to increase productivity.[C]The reduction of costs is not a sure way to gain long term profitability.(A)[D]The consultants are a bunch of good-for-nothings.50.According to the passage,the author’s attitude towards the productivity revolution in the U.S.A is____.[A]biased[B]optimistic[C]ambiguous[D]negativeText3Money spent on advertising is money spent as well as any I know of.It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods atreasonable price,thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices.By drawing attention to new ideas it helps enormously to raise standards of living.By helping to increase demand it ensures an increased need for labour,and is therefore an effective way to fight unemployment. It lowers the costs of many services:without advertisements your daily newspaper would cost four times as much,the price of your television license would need to be doubled,and travel by bus or tube would cost20per cent more.And perhaps most important of all,advertising provides a guarantee of reasonable value in the products and services you buy. Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising,no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements.He might fool some people for a little while through misleading advertising. He will not do so for long,for mercifully the public has the good sense not to buy the inferior article more than once.If you see an article consistently advertised,it is the surest proof I know that the article does what is claimed for it,and that it represents good value.Advertising does more for the material benefit of the community than any other force I can think of.There is one more point I feel I ought to touch on.Recently I heard a well-known television personality declare that he was againstadvertising because it persuades rather than informs.He was drawing excessively fine distinctions.Of course advertising seeks to persuade.If its message were confined merely to information—and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve,for even a detail such as the choice of the colour of a shirt is subtly persuasive—advertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention.But perhaps that is what the well-known television personality wants.51.By the first sentence of the passage the author means that ________.[A]he is fairly familiar with the cost of advertising[B]everybody knows well that advertising is money consuming[C]advertising costs money like everything else[D]it is worthwhile to spend money on advertising52.In the passage,which of the following is NOT included in the advantages of advertising?[A]Securing greater fame.[C]Enhancing living standards.[B]Providing more jobs.[D]Reducing newspaper cost.53.The author deems that the well-known TV personality is________.[A]very precise in passing his judgment on advertising[B]interested in nothing but the buyers’attention[C]correct in telling the difference between persuasion and information[D]obviously partial in his views on advertising54.In the author’s opinion,________.[A]advertising can seldom bring material benefit to man by providing information[B]advertising informs people of new ideas rather than wins them over[C]there is nothing wrong with advertising in persuading the buyer[D]the buyer is not interested in getting information from an advertisement55.The best title for the passage would probably be_____.[A]Positive and Negative Aspects of Advertising[B]Benefits Brought by Advertising and Its Persuasive Function[C]Advertising The Best Persuasive and Information Medium[D]Advertising the Most Effective Way to Promote Products Text4It was3:45in the morning when the vote was finally taken.After six months of arguing and final16hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia’s Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die.The measure passed by the convincing vote of15to10.Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up,half a world away,by John Hofsess,executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada.He sent it on via the group’s on-line service,Death NET.Says Hofsess:“We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isn’t just something that happened in Australia.It’s world history.”The full import may take a while to sink in.The NT Rights of the Terminally Ill law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications.Some have breathed sighs of relief,others,including churches,right to life groups and the Australian Medical Association,bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage.But the tide is unlikely to turn back.In Australia—where an aging population,life extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part—other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In the US and Canada,where the right to die movement is gathering strength,observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.Under the new Northern Territory law,an adult patient can request death—probably by a deadly injection or pill—to put an end to suffering.The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors.After a“cooling off”period of seven days,the patient can sign a certificate of request.After48hours the wish for death can be met.For Lloyd Nickson,a54year old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer,the NT Rights of Terminally Ill law means he canget on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering:a terrifying death from his breathing condition.“I’m not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view,but what I was afraid of was how I’d go,because I’ve watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks,”he says.56.From the second paragraph we learn that________.[A]the objection to euthanasia is slow to come in other countries[B]physicians and citizens share the same view on euthanasia[C]changing technology is chiefly responsible for the hasty passage of the law(D)[D]it takes time to realize the significance of the law’s passage57.When the author says that observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling,he means________.[A]observers are taking a wait and see attitude towards the future of euthanasia[B]similar bills are likely to be passed in the US,Canada and other countries[C]observers are waiting to see the result of the game of dominoes(B)[D]the effect-taking process of the passed bill may finally come to a stop58.The word“euthanasia”in the second paragraph most probably means________.[A]doctors’sympathy to dying patients[B]doctors’aggressive medical measures to dying patients[C]doctors’mercy killing to reduce sufferings of dying patients[D]doctors’well-meaning treatment to save dying patients59.When Lloyd Nickson dies,he will________.[A]face his death with calm characteristic of euthanasia[B]experience the suffering of a lung cancer patient[C]have an intense fear of terrible suffering(A)[D]undergo a cooling off period of seven days60.The author’s attitude towards euthanasia seems to be that of________.[A]opposition[B]suspicion[C]approval(C)[D]indifferenceSection IV TranslationRead the following sentences,translate English into Chinese, and translate Chinese into English.(20points)61.Proper,scientific study of the impacts of dams and of the cost and benefits of controlling water can help to resolve these conflicts.62.The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited theopportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan's rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs.63.It is not possible to determine whether both continents are moving in opposite directions or whether one continent is stationary and the other is drifting away from it.64.Strengthening economic growth,at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere,could push the price higher still in the short term.65.But it is hardly inevitable that companies on the Web will need to resort to push strategies to make money.66.What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition—if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents.67.This success,coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined,led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one.68.Again,differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished.69.This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the1973oil shock,when prices quadrupled,and1979-1980,when they also almost tripled.70.In just one generation,millions of mothers have gone to work,transforming basic family economics.本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。

南京农业大学考博英语强化复习找准着力点

南京农业大学考博英语强化复习找准着力点考博英语的核心理念就是洞察大家的英语思维能力，为此大家在复习过程中要找准学习的着力点，要形成自己的英语思路，培养起自己的英语语感，在复习的强化期，找准着力点这样英语成绩才能节节高升。

联系我们扣扣：四九三三七一六二六。

电话：四零零六六八六九七八小词汇攻破考博英语大难题经历了十多年的英语学习和大学三年的考博准备，大部分考生已经能够认识或者识别考博词汇大纲中的绝大多数英语单词。

在此跨考考博英语辅导老师建议考生还要做到温故知新，如果一味向前，而不知道回头巩固，那么不仅对于英语，对于你所有科目的学习，都不会有好处。

尤其到了复习后期，对于已经背会的单词如果没有及时巩固，就会模糊不清甚至忘记了。

背新单词，或者要记忆完全忘记了的单词，所花费的时间要远远多于记忆那些看似见过，却一时想不起来的单词。

所以，在时间紧迫的情况下，考生完全可以拣西瓜丢芝麻，放弃那些生僻的，忘记了的或者没背过的单词，腾出时间背真题中的单词、常用的、模糊的单词。

新题型琳琅满目新题型本身琳琅满目，各个分支题型的不同，要想准确迅速地解答阅读新题型，必须对英文文章的写作思路了然于心，了解并学习英语文章的篇章结构知识，同时需要找到一套简洁的方法。

比如：先看素材，找敏感词，写下关键汉语意思。

看文章，尤其注重首尾句。

同时看敏感词是否复现。

先定下最有把握的，然后逐步推进。

新题型的难度应该不算非常大，而且分值也比较客观，所以大家在复习时还是要注意把握。

其实近几年，新题型的模式也有规律可循，大家可以通过做真题来锻炼一下，寻找一下题目之间的相通点。

阅读理解要找准文章重点阅读是重中之重，也是每个同学最努力的方向。

提醒考生，想要拿高分，就必须要掌握相应的方法。

在做阅读理解的时候，大家要先看题干，划出题目中的关键词，然后再看文章，详略得当。

比如说文章中对个人的介绍，大家就可以没必要斟字酌句，但是在重点处就需要大家咬文嚼字了。

整篇文章最重要的地方莫过于首尾段，以及各段首尾句，大家务必在这些地方多停留一下。

考博英语题型

考博英语题型
博士入学考试（Ph.D. Admission Test）英语科目主要包括阅读
理解、写作、翻译和语法等题型。

1. 阅读理解（Reading Comprehension）：要求考生阅读一篇长文章或若干篇短文章，并回答相关问题。

考察考生的阅读和理解能力，包括对文章的主旨、细节、态度和推理等方面的理解。

2. 写作（Writing）：要求考生根据一定的命题或题材，在规
定的时间内完成一篇论述型或议论型的英文作文。

考察考生的写作能力和表达能力，要求清晰、连贯、有逻辑地陈述观点和论证推理，同时注意语法、拼写和标点符号的正确使用。

3. 翻译（Translation）：要求考生根据给定的英文句子或段落，将其准确地翻译成中文或汉语的一种或多种形式。

考察考生的翻译能力和语言转换能力，要求准确、通顺、符合语言习惯。

4. 语法（Grammar）：要求考生在给定的句子中选出错误或提
出更正建议。

考察考生对英语语法规则的掌握和运用能力，包括词类、句型、时态、语态和修辞等方面的知识。

除了以上主要题型，Ph.D.考试中还可能包括其他题型，如填空、补全句子、改写句子、改错等。

具体题型和内容可能因学校和学科的不同而有所差异，考生需要根据招生通知和样题进行备考。

2015南京农业大学考博英语大纲解析：短文作文三步拿高分

2015南京农业大学考博英语大纲解析：短文作文三步拿高分2015年9月13日，2015考博英语大纲发布，为了尽快的帮助广大考生了解新大纲的庐山真面目，育明考博考博辅导名师在第一时间内为广大考生做出全面解析。

2015考博英语大纲在作文部分实际很简单，就大作文而言就是：考生根据提示信息写出一篇160-200字的短文(标点符号不计算在内)。

提示信息的形式有主题句，写作提纲，规定情景，图，表等。

考生在答题卡2上作答。

总分20分。

这样的大纲其实和高考英语的大纲及其一致。

就是考查学生的书面表达能力。

下面，就考生该如何按照考博英语大纲要求准备短文作文的问题，给大家几点建议。

联系我们扣扣：四九三三七一六二六。

电话：四零零六六八六九七八第一步：仔细审题，往正确的方向说最近的十年间考试的提示信息都是以图画的形式给出的，因此第一步就是审题即找出图画作者想表达的话题。

这个过程考生尽量的做到：内容趋同最保险。

不要在确定话题的时候企图与众不同，阳光下没有新鲜事，你能想的到的话题实际很多考生都想到了，没有什么新意可言。

所以话题最好就写你脑海中浮现的第一个话题就好了。

这样可以避免跑题。

并且进入2005年之后，每年跑题的时候很少了，因为审题的过程已经由图画下的汉字来完成了。

“养老足球赛”，“网络的远与近”，“文化火锅：美味又营养”。

有了这些汉字的限定和求同的思想我想同学们在审题方面应该没有太大问题了。

第二步：定阐述方向，有话可说(模)考博作文第一段都是要求对图画的描述，开头相对固定化，中间视图画而定。

但是考生可以套用完全倒装句型及主系表倒为表系主，这样考生只需要一句话就可以把图画描述完毕：02年为例：找到图中的中心人物美国姑娘主句就可以搭建起来：In thesunshine stands a pretty American girl。

接着对girl进行描述，可以用到非限定性定语从句，分词短语，介词短语，如果这个中心事物周围有其他的人和物还可以用独立主格。

考博面试英语问题

考博面试英语问题(总6页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--考博面试英语问题这是一篇由网络搜集整理的关于考博面试英语问题的文档，希望对你能有帮助。

第一部分：传统面试问题(Sample Traditional Interview Questions) 第一部分：传统面试问题(Sample Traditional Interview Qu1、What can you tell me about yourself(关于你自己，你能告诉我些什么)这一问题如果面试没有安排自我介绍的时间的话。

这是一个必问的问题。

考官并不希望你大谈你的个人历史，他是在寻找有关你性格、资历、志向和生活动力的线索，来判断你是否适合读研或者 MBA。

下面是一个积极正面回答的好例子：“在高中我参加各种竞争性体育活动，并一直努力提高各项运动的成绩。

大学期间，我曾在一家服装店打工，我发现我能轻而易举地将东西推销出去。

销售固然重要，但对我来说，更重要的是要确信顾客能够满意。

不久便有顾客返回那家服装店点名让我为他们服务。

我很有竞争意识，力求完美对我很重要。

”In high school I was involved in competitive sports and I always tried to improve in each sport I participated in. As a college student, I worked in a clothing store part-time and found that I could sell things easily. The sale was important, but for me, it was even more important to make sure that the customer was satisfied. It was not long before customers came back to the storeand specifically asked for me to help them. I’m very competitive and it means a lot to me to be the best.2、 What would you like to be doing five years after graduation(在毕业以后5年内你想做些什么)你要清楚你实际上能胜任什么。

南京农业大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题教学文案

南京农业大学2016年博士研究生入学考试英语试题考生答题须知：1．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。

请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。

2．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。

3．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。

4．答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。

PART I Vocabulary (15points)Section ADirections: Choose the word that is the closest synonym to the underlined word.1. The government slated new elections in the spring, largely as a result of the public clamor.A. demandB. viewC. requestD. opinion2. The most prolific writer is not necessarily the best.A. written-aboutB. productiveC. artfulD. religious3. Imagine my vexation when they said they would come to dinner and then didn't show.A. enlightenmentB. astonishmentC. annoyanceD. contrariness4. Any troop of wild animals should be approached warily.A. fearlesslyB. confidentlyC. silentlyD. prudently5. There is little learning involved when one is reprimanded two or three months after the deed.A. recommendedB. reproachedC. recompensedD. reversed6. Archaeologists are interested in pottery, figurines and other vestiges of ancient civilizations.A. tracesB. shardsC. productsD. artifacts7. Packaging is designed so as to encourage impetuous shopping.A. extravagantB. carefulC. impotentD. impulsive8. Pan of his general thrift is to be meticulous in verifying monthly expenses.A. painstakingB. dilatoryC. meretriciousD. gaudy9. The jurors came to a deadlock in the defendant's trial for murder.A. a decision of guiltyB. a decision to punish by electrocutionC. an impasseD. an unusual verdict10. Among the lowest of the judicial ranks, justices of the peace nevertheless frequently exercise jurisdictionover a variety of misdemeanors.A. guidanceB. sovereigntyC. authorityD. suzerainty11. A mistake is rarely atoned for by a single apology, however profuse.A. extravagantB. producedC. divergentD. repetitious12. Her office in the First National Bank building is provisional.A. permanentB. temporaryC. corruptD. craven13. The burglars ransacked the room taking anything of value they found.A. demolishedB. took overC. inhabitedD. thoroughly searched14. The whole of the endowment was used to refurbish the school gymnasium.A. millionairesB. endorsementsC. governmentsD. donations15. The massacre of innocent people cannot ever be condoned.A. overlookedB. praiseC. condemnedD. satisfiedSection BDirections: Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.16. When he realized the true nature of the proposal, he ________ all communication with the group.A. convertB. avertedC. severedD. make17. The worsening financial situation made it obvious that an economic depression was _____.A. attainableB. remoteC. imminentD. eminent18. All of the dental instruments need to be _______ before the next patient is seen.A. heatedB. scaldedC. sterilizedD. burned19. Rock climbing is so popular now that many people are able to ________ the steepest face with greatagility.A. scaleB. surpassC. overcomeD. mount20. If you call the 911 emergency number, they will ________ firemen, policemen, and paramedicsimmediately.A. assignB. detachC. attachD. dispatch21. His evident _______ to his wife despite her indiscretion proved him to be a man of integrity.A. personalityB. characterC. fidelityD. morality22. I don't know why he has been given ________. It wasn't his accomplishment but his wife's.A. acclaimB. confidenceC. reimbursementD. robustness23. After a concert tour in Asia, Canada and the U. S., he will _______ work on a five-language opera.A. confineB. indulgeC. resumeD. undergo24. When Ph. D candidates ________ their impending professorships, they consider housing benefits offeredby the prospective universities.A. anticipateB. assumeC. applyD. demand25. My supply of confidence slowly ________ as the deadline approached.A. withdrewB. eliminatedC. exterminatedD. diminished26. The battle is of great significance when viewed in the ________ of the progress of the war.A. prospectiveB. respectiveC. perspectiveD. prescriptive27. It has long been known that total sleep ________ is 100 percent fatal to rats, yet, upon examination of thedead bodies, the animals look completely normal.A. depositionB. destructionC. deprivationD. reduction28. In that country, hospital doctors don't go sightseeing very often because their work ________ almost alltheir time.A. takes upB. takes offC. takes apartD. takes over29. According to the law of that country, the Parliament will have to be ________ before the General Election.A. decomposedB. dispersedC. dissolvedD. disintegrated30. He failed to carry out some of the provisions of the contract, and now he has to ________ theconsequences.A. answer forB. run intoC. abide byD. step intoPART Ⅱ Grammar (15 points)Section ADirections: Choose the letter that indicates the error in the sentence.31. Switzerland is best known for its majesty mountain range and thousands flock to the AlpsA B Ceach year to take advantage of their ideal skiing conditions.D32. Police were sent to disperse the crowds but ended up by shooting down protesters and itA Bwas in this chaos that the seeds of political liberation were sown.C D33. Even today, through the hustle and bustle of Nevsky Prospect, St Petersburg's main street,A Bthe classical beauty of the city mesmerizes the eye.C D34. She is furious of her son's grades in school, which explains why Mark is jealous of Julia's high AB Cmarks on the exam.D35. Smog-choked Southern California demands them. It's a car for people who never want to goAto a gas station again. But the fact is, for all the talk, selling gas-less machines has been aB Chard-sell.D36. People thought: Hey, eat a carp and you will be taking in what it is that gives you these fishA Btheir long life-span. Of course, it hasn't done a lot of good for these carp.C D37. In deciding to undertake dangerous pursuits, people usually strive for their maximumApersonal ability rating, when they are challenged but can he victorious, rather than merelyB Csurmounting the mediocre.D38. In proposing such philanthropic donations, the director of the company certainly spoke fromA Ba genuine concern for the needy and not any desire for personal accolades.C D39. The armor, infantry and other military forces were held up by the enemy counter attack,A B Cthus caused the delay in the advance.D40. Just as children the world over like Christmas rooming, adults so like Christmas eveningA B Cwhen peace and calm return to the household.D41. Each employee with a modicum of intelligence would be able to undertake such a basic process.A B C D42. The economic situation will improve given that there is forecast to be less unemploymentA Band closures than in previous years.C D43. The three most important issues of concern to citizens today are prison reform,A Babusing children and toxic waste.C D44. I was on the verge of incurring Mr. Rochester's wrath by not listening to his prohibitions,A Bwhile a ray once more shone almost imperceptibly on the hallway wall and I heard his muffledC Dstep on the carpet.45. The above is the most important aspect which apes can be told from more primitive socialA B C Dgroupings.Section BDirections: Choose the answer that best fills in the blank.46. ________ that the earth was flat?A. Used it to be thoughtB. Did it used to be thoughtC. Was it need to being thoughtD. Does it used to be thought47. It is most inappropriate ________ in the college VIP lounge.A. for any students to be thereB. for there to be any studentsC. to be any students thereD. to have there any students48. She ________ much more accurate responses now, had she taken more pains in devising the questions.A. gotB. would have gotC. had gotD. would be getting49. An extensive foundation in the basic sciences should be required of all science students, ________.A. whether they are future physicists or chemists.B. be they future physicists or chemists.C. they are future physicists or chemists.D. they should be future physicists or chemists.50. The general opinion is that he is ________ to complain.A. so much a milquetoastB. too a milquetoastC. too much of a milquetoastD. so much of a milquetoast51. Although of course there are exceptions, it seems reasonably dear that in certain countries - Rwanda,Somalia and parts of the former Yugoslavia come to mind-hunger is less a result of an absolute foodshortage, ________ a policy decision or the political situation.A. than ofB. rather thanC. but the result ofD. than is52. The ozone layer plays as great a role in the suability of spaceship Earth as ________ the waters of its lakes,ponds, oceans, rivers, and streams.A. doB. doesC. playD. are53. Perhaps I should not have done so, but I changed my mind about the new job even though I was ________last week.A. to be startedB. to have startedC. to have been startingD. start54. Despite an overlay of quasi-literary French vocabulary stemming from the Norman Invasion of 1066, thedaily vocabulary of English remained Germanic, _______ its grammatical structure.A. the same areB. and so areC. as didD. and so were55. Although money is always useful, it isn't all ________.A. what there is to lifeB. to which there is in lifeC. there is to lifeD. that is in life56. ________ ever so humble, there's no plane like home.A. It beB. Be itC. It wasD. Was it57. ________ all customs, no matter how sacrosanct, are essentially learned reactions appropriate, perhapsonly to the holders thereof is a basic assumption of anthropologists.A. NearlyB. It is nearlyC. That nearlyD. When nearly58. Although women cluster to him like moths around a flame, he is none ______ happier for it.A. butB. theC. matchD. any59. The major reason why Americans enjoy an abundant food supply is that the arable land at their disposalfor food production is ________.A. three times more the world averageB. three times as much the world averageC. three times the world averageD. the world average is three times60. The sound of the roaring of a tiger is ________ heard by jungle dwellers ________ feelings of unease, for ayear does not elapse without victims falling to the tiger's ferocity.A. always...withB. ever...withoutC. ever...withD. never...withoutPART ⅢClone test (10 points)Directions: Choose the word that best completes the meaning.One of the basic characteristics of capitalism is the private ownership of the major means of production-capital. The ownership of large amounts of capital can bring __61__ profits, as well as economic and political power. Some recent theorists, 62 have argued that our society has moved to a new stage of 63 _that they call "postindustrial" society. One important change in such society is that the ownership of 64 amounts of capital is no longer the only or even the most important 65 of profits and influence; knowledge as well as 66 capital brings profits and influence.There are many 67 with the thesis above, not the least of 68 is that wealthy capitalists can buy the experts and knowledge they need to keep their profits and influence. But this does not 69 the importance of knowledge in an advanced industrial society, as the 70 of some new industries indicates.71 , genetic engineering and the new computer technology have 72 many new fines and made some scientists quite rich. In 73 with criticism of the postindustrial society thesis, however, it must also be 74 that those already in control of huge amounts of capital (i.e., major corporations) soon 75 to take most profits in these industries based on new knowledge.Moving down from the level of wealth and power, we still find knowledge increasingly 76 . Many newhigh-tech jobs are being created at the upper-skill, low-paying service 77 . Something like a caste line is emerging centered around knowledge. Individuals who fall too far behind in the 78 of knowledge at a young age will find it almost impossible to catch up later, no matter how hard they try. Illiteracy in English language has been a severe 79 for marry years in the United States, but we are also moving to the point when computer illiteracy will hinder many more people and 80 them to a life of low-skill and low-paid labor.61. A. quantitative B. extensive C. comprehensive D. sophisticated62. A. moreover B. however C. therefore D. nevertheless63. A. aggression B. proficiency C. productivity D. evolution64. A. dominant B. impressive C. magnificent D. significant65. A. source B. factor C. component D. element66. A. adequate B. profitable C. material D. spiritual67. A. advantages B. consequences C. problems D. potentials68. A. them B. those C. which D. that69. A. deny B. refuse C. admit D. acknowledge70. A. emergence B. innovation C. extinction D. discovery71. A. In addition B. For example C. Above all D. In short72. A. produced B. created C. improved D. facilitated73. A. line B. need C. doubt D. match74. A. idealized B. recognized C. supervised D. summarized75. A. stepped in B. settled down C. leaned over D. mined out76. A. accessible B. important C. popular D. abundant77. A. enterprises B. employment C. professions D. industries78. A. control B. mastery C. search D. pursuit79. A. handicap B. penalty C. inconvenience D. shortcoming80. A. enforce B. punish C. confine D. condemnPART ⅣREADING OOMPREHENSION (30 points)Directions: Answer all questions based on the information in the passages below.Passage 1Let us assume, for the moment, that labor is not prepared to work for a lower money-wage and that a reduction in the existing level of money-wages would lead, through strikes or otherwise, to a withdrawal from the labor market of labor which is now employed. Does it follow from this that the existing level of real wages accurately measures the marginal disutility of labor? Not necessarily. For, although a reduction in the existing money-wage would lead to a withdrawal of labor, it does not follow that a fall in the value of the existing money-wage in terms of wage-goods would do so, if it were due to a rise in the price of the latter. In other words, it may be the case that within a certain range the demand of labor is for a minimum money-wage and not for a minimum real wage. The classical school has tacitly assumed that this would involve no significant change in their theory. But this is not so. For if the supply of labor is not a function of real wages as its sole variable, their argument breaks down entirely and leaves the question of what the actual employment will be quite indeterminate. They do not seem to have realized that, unless the supply of labor is a function of real wages alone, their supply curve for labor will shift bodily with every movement of prices. Thus their method is tied up with their very special assumptions, and cannot be adapted to deal with the more general case.Now ordinary experience tells us, beyond doubt, that a situation where labor stipulates (within limits) for a money-wage rather than a real wage, so far from being a mere possibility, is the normal case. Whilst workers will usually resist a reduction of money-wages, it is not their practice to withdraw their labor whenever there is a rise in the price of wage-goods. It is sometimes said that it would be illogical for labor to resist a reduction of money-wages but not to resist a reduction of real wages. For reasons given below, this might not be so illogical as it appears at first; and, as we shall see later, fortunately so. But, whether logical or illogical, experience shows that this is how labor in fact behaves.Moreover, the contention that the unemployment which characterizes a depression is due to a refusal by labor to accept a reduction of money-wages is not clearly supported by the facts. It is not very plausible to assert that unemployment in the United States in 1932 was due either to labor obstinately refusing to accept a reduction of money-wages or to its obstinately demanding a real wage beyond what the productivity of the economic machine was capable of furnishing. Wide variations are experienced in the volume of employment without any apparent change either in the minimum real demands of labor or in its productivity. Labor is not more truculent in the depression than in the boom-fax from it. Nor is its physical productivity less. These facts from experience are a prima facie ground for questioning the adequacy of the classical analysis.81. "Labor is not prepared to work for a lower money-wage". The sentence means ________.A. a fall in the value of the existing money-wage would lead to a withdrawal of laborB. a rise in the price of wage-goods would lead to a withdrawal of laborC. the demand of labor is for a rise of existing money-wageD. the demand of labor is for reduction in the value of real wages82. The classical school refers to ________.A. those scholars with traditional ideaB. the traditional schoolC. the experts who hold to the standard theoryD. all of the above83. According to the author, the supply curve for labor depends on the ________.A. red money wagesB. movement of priceC. function of money-wagesD. both A & B84. “Their" method cannot be adapted to deal with the more general case because they have not realized that________.A. a fall in the value of real wages would lead to a withdrawal of the labor from market of laborB. a reduction in the existing level of money-wages would lead to a withdrawal from the labor market oflaborC. the supply of labor is not a function of real wagesD. the demand of labor is only for a minimum money-wages85. How dose labor usually behave?A. Labor would stipulate for money-wage.B. Labor would violently resist a reduction of real wages.C. Labor would strenuously resist a reduction of both money-wages and real wages.D. Labor would stipulate for real wages.86. The last paragraph of thus passage indicates that ________.A. labor resisted a reduction of money-wages, which characterized the depression of the 1930s in the U.S.B. labor demanded a real wage, which characterized the depression of 1930s in the U. S.C. neither labor refusing to work for a lower money-wage nor demanding a real wage could characterize thedepression of 1930s in the U. S.D. both A & BPassage 2The law of private international tribunals with respect to conflicts of interest of arbitrators is quite extensive, albeit by no means uniform. It relates both to what will disqualify an arbitrator and to what the arbitrator must disclose during the selection process. Most national legal systems have statutory rules as to the type of interests, relationships, and experiences that disqualify an arbitrator. Not infrequently, the disqualifying factors are identical for arbitrators and judges, although they may treat domestic and international arbitration somewhat differently, and may indeed supplement the international roles with additional features. A closer look reveals that courts and arbitration agencies tend to apply the regulations relatively lightly, recognizing that arbitrators move in the highly interconnected world of affairs, and do not stand aloof from commerce as judges do. Accordingly, acquaintanceship with the parties and their counsel does not suffice to disqualify, whereas actual business or legal connections will. Inasmuch as judges do not seek more work, although arbitrators generally do, suspicions arise that an arbitrator's favor may incline to the party or counsel who has in the past and may again in the future provide employment.The uncertainty in the held is at its most troubling when arbitrators are party-appointed. Some argue that such arbitrators should fulfill he same functions and satisfy the same qualifications as third-party arbitrators, others dispute any real claim to objectivity. The latter view has had considerable currency, particularly in the United States, where courts and drafters of state laws regard such advocates as pawns of the appointers. Imposing standard of neutrality and disinterestedness on them would he futile.It follows from this dichotomy between party-appointed and non-party-appointed arbitrators that opinion on the question of their nationality is also split. A party needs to be expected to choose a fellow national. This question of nationality is acute when one party to the arbitration is a governmental agency and one or more of the arbitrators are likewise nationals; a foreign enterprise contract calling for such arbitration may be foolhardy.The slate is largely blank with respect to roles for the conduct of arbitrators outside the field of conflict of interests. Considering only the matter of ex-parte communications, American case law is astonishing lax, refusing to set aside awards where such communication obtained between an arbitrator and a party without the presence of the other party, thereby violating evidentiary rules requiring the attendance of both patties. The differences in views on this topic indicate how useful a set of guidelines might be.87. The best title for this passage is __________.A. International Arbitrators: Causes and SolutionsB. Arbitrators: Causes and SolutionsC. Arbitrators: Problems in PracticeD. International Arbitrators and Conflicts of Interests88. The expression "They may treat" refers to __________.A. arbitrators and judgesB. national legal systemsC. experiencesD. disqualifying factors89. Courts and agencies __________.A. do not apply their regulations strictlyB. often consider arbitrators as judgesC. understand the general relationship between business and arbitratorsD. may be described by all of the above90. A third-party arbitrator is one who is chosen __________.A. to supplement the two arbitrators chosen by the contending sidesB. to reach a final decision after the two arbitrators have submitted their decisionC. by someone not involved in the matter in disputeD. as a pawn of the appointers91. A foreign enterprises contract is a bad idea __________.A. in all casesB. when each partner picks an arbitratorC. when third party arbitrators are involvedD. when a government agency is one side of the contract92. "Ex-parte communications" refer to __________.A. something that cannot be determined by the textB. all parties being present when matters involving them are discussedC. the requirement to set aside a decisionD. impartialityPassage 3Ask an American schoolchild what he or she is learning in school these days and you might even get a reply, provided you ask it in Spanish. But don't bother, here’s the answer: Americans nowadays are not learning any of the things that we learned in our day, like reading and writing. Apparently these are considered fusty old subjects, invented by white males to oppress women and minorities.What are they learning? In a Vermont college town I found the answer sitting in a toy stone book rack, next to typical kids' books like "Heather Has Two Mommies and Daddy is 'Dysfunctional"'. It's a teacher's guide called "Happy to Be Me", subtitled "Building Self-Esteem”. Self-esteem as it turns out, is a big subject in American classrooms. Many American schools see building it as important as teaching reading and writing. They call it "whole language" teaching, borrowing terminology from the granola people to compete in the education marketplace.No one ever spent a moment building my self-esteem when I was in school. In fact, from the day I first stepped inside a classroom my self-esteem was one big demolition site. All that mattered was "the subject", be it geography, history, or mathematics. I was praised when I remembered that "near", "fit", "friendly", "pleasing", "like" and their opposites took the dative case in Latin. I was reviled when I forgot what a cosine was good for. Generally, I lived my school years beneath a torrent of castigation as consistent I eventually ceased to hear it, as people who live near the sea eventually stop hearing the waves.Schools have changed. Reviling is out, for one thing. More important, subjects have changed.Whereas I learned English, modern kids learn something called "language skills". Whereas I learned writing, modern kids learn something called "communication". Communication, the book tells us, is seven per cent words, twenty three per cent facial expression, twenty per cent tone of voice, and fifty percent body language. So this column, with its carefully chosen words, would earn at most a grade of seven per cent. That is, if the school even gave out something as oppressive and demanding as grades.The result is that, in place of English classes, American children are getting a course in "How to Win Friends and Influence People". Consider the new attitude toward journal writing: I remember one high school English class when we were required to keep a journal. The idea was to emulate those great writers who confided indimes, searching their soul and honing their critical thinking on paper."Happy to Be Me" states that journals are a great way for students to get in touch with their feelings. Tell students they can write one sentence or a whole page. Reassure them that no one, not even you, will read what they write. After the unit, hopefully all students will be feeling good about themselves and will want to share some of their entries with the class.There was a time when no self-respecting book for English teachers would use "great” or "hopefully" that way. Moreover, back then the purpose of English courses (an antique term for "Unit") was not to help students "feel good about themselves". Which is good, because all that reviling di dn’t make me feel p articularly good about anything.93. In paragraph 2, "whole language" teaching is in inverted commas because __________.A. the writer is using direct speechB. the writer is questioning the education conceptC. the words quoted have been extracted from a translationD. the writer is quoting from another source94. In paragraph 3, the author is clearly expressing his idea about self-esteem. He believes that it is__________.A. essential that self-esteem should be promoted in American schools because the author used to suffer froma lack of self-esteem as a childB. equally important to equip children with the necessary skills and knowledge they will require in the futureC. important to remember how mush school children used to suffer from a lack of self-esteemD. reassuring to observe that children benefit from the promotion of a positive image96. Which of the following is the writer implying in paragraph 4?A. Self-criticism has gone too far.B. Evaluating criteria are inappropriate nowadays.C. Communication is a more comprehensive category than language skills.D. This column does not meet the demanding evaluating criteria of today.96. We may infer from paragraph 4 that the writer generally disagrees with one of the following ideas__________.A. the whole concept of communication is being perceived differentlyB. the way American children communicate among themselves is more important than anything elseC. academic skills should be encouraged and promoted in the American education systemD. the progress that American children could be monitor with more traditional methods97. In this passage, the writer is clearly stating the intention which is to get the reader to _____.A. confirm current education trends and teaching methodsB. rethink and reorganize educational strategiesC. think about the various elements which constitute what we call "communication" nowadaysD. reassure the parents about the methodology currently being used in American schools98. What's the best summary for this passage?A. New educational theories will revolutionize the way our children learn.B. The influence of new methodology will spread worldwide.C. Personal values like self-esteem will become predominant for school children in the future.D. Current education trends may jeopardize the prospects of future generations.。

2023全国博士英语考试题型

2023全国博士英语考试题型全国博士英语考试是获得博士学位的重要环节之一，其考试内容涵盖了英语听、说、读、写、译等多个方面。

以下是2023年全国博士英语考试的题型及分析，以供参考。

一、听力理解听力理解部分主要测试考生理解英语学术讲座和对话的能力。

该部分共20道题，每道题1分，总分为20分。

考试时间为30分钟。

听力材料的难度较高，涉及的领域广泛，包括社会科学、自然科学等。

考生需要具备较强的听力技巧和快速理解能力，才能准确把握听力材料的主旨和细节。

二、阅读理解阅读理解部分主要测试考生阅读并理解英语学术文章的能力。

该部分共20道题，每道题2分，总分为40分。

考试时间为50分钟。

阅读文章的题材和难度与学术论文相似，涉及的主题广泛，包括社会科学、自然科学、人文科学等。

考生需要具备较强的阅读技巧和批判性思维能力，才能准确把握文章的主旨和细节，并做出正确的推理判断。

三、翻译翻译部分主要测试考生将英语学术文章翻译成汉语的能力。

该部分共2道题，每道题10分，总分为20分。

考试时间为30分钟。

翻译文章的主题广泛，包括社会科学、自然科学、人文科学等。

考生需要具备较强的翻译技巧和语言表达能力，同时还需要了解相关领域的背景知识，才能准确传达原文的意思。

四、写作写作部分主要测试考生撰写英语学术论文的能力。

该部分共1道题，总分为20分。

考试时间为40分钟。

写作题目要求考生就某一主题撰写一篇学术论文，要求结构清晰、逻辑严密、语言准确、表达流畅。

考生需要具备较强的学术素养和写作技巧，同时还需要了解相关领域的学术规范和写作要求。

总体来说，2023年全国博士英语考试的难度较高，对考生的英语水平和学术素养要求较高。

考生需要通过系统的备考和训练，全面提高自己的英语听、说、读、写、译能力，同时还需要了解相关领域的背景知识和学术规范，才能顺利通过考试。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：6

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Manufacturing is China’s most important economic activity, （）over 30 percent of the workforce.问题1选项A.includingB.engagingC.approximatingD.accounting【答案】B【解析】考查动词辦析。

四个选项的意思分别是: including包含，包括；engaging聘用，雇用；approximating近似，接近； accounting记述，报告。

句意:制造业是中国最重要的经济活动，雇佣了超过30%的劳动力。

本题考查的是分词短语作状语，根据句意可推出正确答案是B。

2.单选题New technology is making the traditional farming machinery and methods （）.问题1选项A.efficientB.emergentC.obsoleteD.nostalgic【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。

efficient “有效率的”；emergent “紧急的”；obsolete “过时的”；nostalgic “怀旧的”。

句意：新的科技使传统的农业机械和方法渐渐过时了。

选项C符合题意。

3.单选题Some sociologists are worried about the （） throughout the whole society.问题1选项A.fraudulentB.generousC.dynamicpulsive【答案】A【解析】形容词词义辨析。

fraudulent “欺诈的”；generous “慷慨的”；dynamic “动态的”; compulsive “极有趣的”。

句意：一些社会学家担心整个社会的欺诈问题。

考博英语题型

考博英语题型一、阅读理解阅读理解是考博英语中的重要部分，主要考察考生对英文文献的阅读、理解和分析能力。

通常包括两篇长篇文章和若干段短文，总阅读量在3000字左右。

长篇文章通常涉及学术领域的内容，如社会科学、人文科学等，而短文则可能涉及新闻、广告、说明书等不同题材。

阅读理解的题目类型包括选择题、判断题、填空题等，要求考生在理解文章内容的基础上，根据问题进行分析和判断。

二、词汇和语法词汇和语法部分主要考察考生的英语基础知识和语言运用能力。

题目通常包括词汇选择题、填空题、改错题等，要求考生掌握一定数量的英语词汇，能够正确运用语法规则进行句子表达。

考生需要通过大量的词汇和语法练习，提高自己的语言运用能力，掌握常见的词汇和表达方式。

三、完形填空完形填空是一种综合性的语言测试题型，主要考察考生对英语语篇的理解和组织。

题目通常给出一篇短文，其中若干个空格需要填写适当的单词或短语。

考生需要根据上下文语境、语法规则和词汇意义等方面进行分析，选择最合适的答案。

完形填空要求考生具备较强的语篇理解和组织能力，以及对英语语言细节的关注。

四、翻译翻译部分主要考察考生对英语和汉语之间的翻译能力。

题目通常包括英译中和中译英两种类型，要求考生能够准确地将英文或中文文献翻译成另一种语言，并保持原文的语义和风格。

考生需要通过大量的翻译练习，提高自己的语言转换能力，了解不同文化背景下的语言表达方式和习惯。

五、写作写作部分主要考察考生对英文写作的掌握和应用能力。

题目通常给定一个主题或情境，要求考生根据要求写出一篇结构完整、语言流畅的短文。

写作类型可能包括议论文、说明文、应用文等不同形式，要求考生具备较强的语言表达能力和逻辑思维能力。

考生需要通过大量的写作练习，提高自己的英文写作水平，掌握常见的写作技巧和表达方式。

博士英语面试疑难问题解析及答案

博士英语面试疑难问题解析及答案问题1：请简要介绍一下你的研究方向。

我的研究方向是法律领域的知识产权保护。

我专注于分析和解决知识产权领域的法律问题，特别是在数字化时代对知识产权保护提出的新挑战。

我目前的研究重点是探索数字化技术对知识产权法律框架的影响，并提出相应的法律政策和实践建议。

问题2：你认为知识产权保护在当前社会的重要性是什么？知识产权保护在当前社会中具有重要意义。

首先，它鼓励创新和创造力，通过为创新者提供合理的回报，推动技术和文化的进步。

其次，知识产权保护有助于维护公平竞争和市场秩序，防止不正当竞争和的行为。

此外，知识产权保护还促进了国际经济合作和贸易，为创新者提供了一种在全球范围内保护其权益的机制。

问题3：请谈谈你的研究方法和研究设计。

在我的研究中，我采用了混合研究方法。

首先，我进行了文献综述，对相关的学术研究和法律文献进行了全面的分析和总结。

然后，我进行了实证研究，通过收集和分析相关数据，以验证和支持我的理论观点。

我还进行了案例研究，深入分析具体案例，并从中提取出有关知识产权保护的实践经验和教训。

在研究设计方面，我采用了跨学科的方法。

我结合了法律、经济学和技术等多个学科的理论和方法，以全面理解和解决知识产权保护领域的问题。

我还进行了比较研究，将不同国家和地区的知识产权保护制度进行比较，以发现其异同之处并提出改进建议。

问题4：你认为你的研究对社会和学术界的贡献是什么？我相信我的研究对社会和学术界都具有重要的贡献。

在社会方面，我的研究可以为知识产权保护的法律政策和实践提供指导和建议，帮助各国制定更加有效的知识产权保护制度，促进创新和经济发展。

在学术界方面，我的研究填补了数字化时代知识产权保护领域的研究空白，为学术界提供了新的研究视角和方法，并为进一步研究提供了参考和启示。

问题5：你在研究过程中遇到了哪些困难和挑战？你是如何克服它们的？在我的研究过程中，我遇到了一些困难和挑战。

首先，数字化技术的快速发展给知识产权保护带来了新的挑战，需要我不断研究和跟进最新的技术发展。

考博英语题型

考博英语题型
【原创版】
目录
1.考博英语概述
2.考博英语的题型及分值分布
3.各种题型的备考策略
4.总结
正文
一、考博英语概述
考博英语，全称为博士研究生入学考试英语科目，是我国博士研究生招生全国统一考试的一部分。

其主要目的是测试考生的英语语言应用能力，以确保考生具备良好的英语水平，能够适应博士研究生阶段的学习和科研工作。

考博英语考试分为笔试和口试两个部分，其中笔试是主要的考试形式。

二、考博英语的题型及分值分布
考博英语笔试部分主要包括以下几种题型：
1.阅读理解（占总分值的 20%）
2.完形填空（占总分值的 10%）
3.翻译（占总分值的 15%）
4.写作（占总分值的 25%）
5.语法与词汇（占总分值的 10%）
6.逻辑与推理（占总分值的 10%）
三、各种题型的备考策略
1.阅读理解：提高阅读速度和理解能力，注重文章的主旨和细节。

可以通过多阅读英文文章和进行模拟练习来提高。

2.完形填空：注重词汇和语法的积累，分析句子结构，理解上下文。

可以多做真题练习，总结规律。

3.翻译：中英文互译都需要掌握。

注意翻译时要忠实原文，表达通顺。

可以通过翻译练习和积累词汇短语来提高。

4.写作：熟悉各类作文类型，注重文章结构和逻辑。

多进行写作练习，积累素材和表达。

5.语法与词汇：系统学习英语语法，积累词汇，加强练习。

6.逻辑与推理：提高逻辑思维能力，熟悉题型，多进行练习。

四、总结
考博英语考试对考生的英语语言应用能力有较高要求，需要考生在各个方面都具备一定的实力。

南京农业大学2023博士英语考试真题

南京农业大学2023博士英语考试真题Nanjing Agricultural University 2023 PhD English ExamInstructions for Candidates:- Time: 3 hours- Total marks: 100- Answer all questions- Use complete sentences and proper grammarSection A: Reading ComprehensionRead the following passage and answer the questions that follow:Climate change poses a major threat to agriculture worldwide. Extreme weather events, such as droughts, floods, and heatwaves, are becoming more frequent and unpredictable. These events can devastate crops, leading to food shortages and economic losses. In order to adapt to these changes, farmers must develop resilient farming practices and adopt new technologies.1. What are some of the impacts of climate change on agriculture?2. Why is it important for farmers to adapt to climate change?3. What can farmers do to mitigate the effects of extreme weather events on crops?Section B: WritingWrite an essay on the following topic:"Discuss the role of technology in sustainable agriculture. How can advancements in technology help farmers adapt to climate change and improve crop yields?"Section C: SpeakingIn this section, you will be asked to give a short presentation on a topic related to your field of study. You will have 5 minutes to prepare and 10 minutes to present. The examiners may ask follow-up questions after your presentation.Good luck!。

2022年南京大学考博英语历年试题题型题量综合分析

南京大学考博英语历年试题题型题量综合分析导言：考博英语真题旳重要性全国各大院校在制定本校英语专业考试大纲时，对英语旳考核基本上不指定参照书，考生在备考时往往感到漫无目旳，无所适从，因此对各大院校旳考博英语历年真题分析则显得尤为重要。

华慧考博英语教研中心在历时8年旳教学研究旳过程中，总结国内50多所重点院校旳考博英语试题旳出题特点与规律，认为考生精研各院校旳历年试题对考出良好旳成绩有非常大旳协助。

1.考博英语试题旳独特性众所周知，英语类旳考试，如高考、大学英语四六级、专业四八级考试、硕士入学考试等均由统一旳命题组人员统一命制试题，命题组阵容强大，且花费旳人力、物力也不在少数，其题目基本是原创题目。

而考博英语却并非这样，因此，考博英语有其自身旳独特性，考博英语旳独特性重要表目前其命题方式与题目来源两方面。

首先，从命题方式来看，博士考试中，规定考生到达英语旳最低分数线，这一规定就注定了各大考博院校旳英语试题旳命题方式，各大考博院校不会花费大量旳人力、物力及时间原创一套考博英语试题。

并且各大院校为了保证其试题旳精确性，一般会选择已经考过旳各类有关难度旳试题，这样就可以防止出现大量旳因个人学术水平方面而引起旳错误和争议。

另一方面，从题目来源看，各大院校旳考博英语试题基本来自专四、专八、六级或其他考博院校旳原题，很少出现原创题目。

因其题目来源旳独特性，我们研究各大院校旳考博英语试题就显得非常有必要且益处极大。

假如考生在考前理解了这一状况，且充足重视这个规律，那么获得考博英语高分不是什么难事。

因此考生考前精研考博英语真题是非常有必要旳。

2.考博英语试题旳作用考博英语试题旳作用重要有三个，即指导、规划与调控作用。

指导作用。

通过研读历年旳考博英语试题，考生可以理解该院校旳题目类型、题目来源、题目难度等，指导考生在较短旳时间内找到对旳旳复习措施，获得自己满意旳成绩。

规划作用。

考生在宏观把握所报考院校旳英语试题旳出题规律后，结合自身旳英语状况，对自己旳英语备考做出一种对旳且切合实际旳复习规划。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：21

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题They are no longer on speaking terms because she（）his confidence.问题1选项A.exposedB.destroyedC.provedD.betrayed【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。

expose“揭露，曝光”;destroy“毁灭，破坏”;prove“证明，检验，显示”;betray“背叛，出卖”。

句意：他们不再和睦相处了，因为她背叛了他的信任。

选项D符合题意。

2.单选题We will see（） the children are properly educated.问题1选项A.to themB.to thatC.to it whetherD.to it that 【答案】D【解析】考查语法。

see to it th at “确保，务必”，句意：我们必须确保孩子们是被正确地教育的。

选项D符合题意。

3.单选题The（）of computer technology has led to major changes in our social and family life.问题1选项A.fraudulenceB.arrivalC.dawnD.advent【答案】D【解析】名词词义解析。

fraudulence “欺诈性”；arrival “到达”；dawn “黎明，开端”；advent “到来，出现”。

句意：计算机技术的到来对我们的社会和家庭生活带来了主要的影响。

选项D符合题意。

4.单选题Starting a new business can be a risky （）.问题1选项A.processingB.attemptingC.undertakingD.overhauling【答案】C【解析】名词词义解析。

processing “加工”，attempting “试图”；undertaking “事业”，overhauling “翻修”。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：10

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Fun is what we experience during an act. Happiness is what we experience after an act. It is a deeper, more（） emotion.问题1选项pellingB.abidingC.violentD.sophisticated【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。

compelling “引人注目的”；abiding “持久的”；violent “暴力的”；sophisticate “复杂的”。

句意：乐趣是在一种行为中体会到的。

快乐是在行为之后体会到的。

快乐的感受更深一些，并且更加持久一些。

选项B符合题意。

2.单选题The work in the office was（） by a constant stream of visitors.问题1选项A.confusedB.hamperedC.reversedD.perplexed【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。

confuse “使混乱，使困惑”；hamper “妨碍，束缚”；reverse “颠倒，倒转”；perplex “使……困惑，使……为难”。

句意：办公室的工作被接连不断的来访人员妨碍了。

选项B符合题意。

3.单选题The gap between what we know and all that can be known seems not to（）, but rather to increase with every new discovery.问题1选项A.clarifyB.eliminateC.diminishD.extinguish【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。

clarify “澄清，阐明”；eliminate “消除，淘汰”；diminish “减少，贬低”；extinguish “熄灭，使破灭”。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：60

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题His family watched until the plane （） behind the clouds.问题1选项A.lostB.escapedC.fledD.vanished【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。

lose“使迷路，遗失”；escape “逃跑,逃避”；flee “逃走”；vanish “消失”。

句意：他的家人们看着飞机直到它消失在云后。

选项D符合题意。

2.单选题Some sociologists are worried about the （） throughout the whole society.问题1选项A.fraudulentB.generousC.dynamicpulsive 【答案】A【解析】形容词词义辨析。

fraudulent “欺诈的”；generous “慷慨的”；dynamic “动态的”; compulsive “极有趣的”。

句意：一些社会学家担心整个社会的欺诈问题。

选项A符合题意。

3.单选题Even today, when air and road travel has made Africa so readily accessible to Europeans and Americans, there are innumerable aspects of African life which tend to take one by surprise. The unfamiliar lies hidden everywhere, and the presence of Western culture seems merely to emphasize this unfamiliarity. Basically, the essence of our reac¬tion to the strange, the unfamiliar, is a sense of fear. Every country contains landscapes that arouse unease—whether it be some remote Alpine valley, the wild lavender fields of Upper Province, or a lonely Norwegian fjord at twilight. But in my own experience West Africa contains more weird and eerie regions—rain-forest, mangroveswamp, parched plains of red earth—than any other place that I have seen. It is not only in the foreigner that these landscapes evoke fear. A large part of all old African religions is devoted to soothing the unknown and the unseen—evil spirits which live in a particular tree or a particular rock, a thousand varieties of ghosts and witches, the ever-present spirits of dead ancestors or relatives. I have myself been kept awake at night in Calabar by a friend from Lagos who was con¬vinced that the witches of the east were out to get him, or that he was about to be kidnapped and eaten. During four and a half hours in a canoe along the creeks of the Niger della, gliding over the still and colorless water beneath an equally still and colorless but burning sky, I, too, have experienced a sense of fear, or at least a sense of awe. Ex¬cept for the ticking of the little outboard engine the silence was complete. On either hand stretched the silver-white swamps of mangrove, seeming, with their awkward exposed roots, to be standing knee-deep in the water. Where the creek narrowed you could peer deep into these thickets of mangroves—vistas secret, interminable and somehow meaningless. There was no sign of life except for the shrill screech of some unseen bird.I was on my way to the ancient slaving port of Bonny, which we reached in late afternoon. Scrambling up some derelict stone steps (slithery with slime and which had managed to detach themselves from the landing-stage so that you had to jump a two-foot gap to reach wet land), 1 found myself in an area of black mud and tumbled blocks of stone.1.There are features of Western culture which are present in West Africa（）.2.A lot of the old African religion has to do with （）3.The author was kept awake by（）.4.“ Mangrove” means（）问题1选项A.This fact makes it easier to accept the unfamiliarity of West Africa,B.This fact makes West Africa seem even stranger.C.This fact makes no difference to our reaction to West Africa.D.This fact has been greatly overemphasized.问题2选项A.kidnapping peopleB.keeping the spirits awakeC.human sacrificeD.keeping the spirits happy问题3选项A.a ghostB.his friendC.the witchesD.eerie feelings问题4选项A.a sort of birdB.a sort of manC.a sort of treeD.a sort of animal 【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C【解析】1.根据文章第一段第二句，“the presence of Western culture seems merely to emphasize this unfamiliarity”，推断出西非文化似乎表现出得更加陌生，选项B符合题意。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：42

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Her jewelry （）under the spotlights and she became the dominant figure at the ball.问题1选项A.glaredB.glitteredC.blazedD.glowed【答案】B【解析】考查近义词动词辨析。

四个动词都有发光的意思，glare强调发出耀眼的强光；glitter强调闪闪发光选；blaze强调火焰燃烧发出的强光；glow多指冶炼铁和钢时发出的光。

题目中提到的是珠宝闪闪发光。

选项B符合题意。

2.单选题I am （） to Mr. Morrison because of the kindness and concern that he showed me when I first got here.问题1选项A.gratifiedB.indebtedC.dueD.desirous【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。

gratified “称心的，宽慰的”；indebted “感激的，受惠的”；due “到期的，应付的”；desirous “渴望的，想要的”。

句意：因为当我第一次到这儿时莫里森先生的友善和关心，我对此是感激的。

选项B符合题意。

3.翻译题在中国人的心目中，似乎没有一部书可以与《红楼梦》比肩，它既可以拥有亿万的读者,也带有众多的谜团。

【答案】As for Chinese people, “A Dream of Red Mansions” is the greatest book that no book can compare with and hundreds of millions of people like to read. And there are also many mysteries in this book. It represents the pinnacle of Chinese classical novels and people who are half educated can read and understand it. But some learned people don’t dare to explain subtleties contained in it…Thus, it has been translated into various languages for about 100 years and accepted more and more foreign readers, which plays an active role in spreading Chinese culture.4.单选题The famous inventor was awarded an（）_ doctorate by the university.问题1选项A.honoraryB.honorableC.honoredD.honorific【答案】A【解析】形近异义词辨析。

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2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：23

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