英语翻译练习整理新
简单翻译练习题
简单翻译练习题翻译是学习外语的必备技能之一，通过翻译的实践，我们可以锻炼自己的语言能力，提高对不同语言之间的理解和应用。
下面是一些简单的翻译练习题，帮助大家巩固和提高翻译技巧。
1. Translate the following sentence into Chinese:"The cat is sleeping on the sofa."这只猫正在沙发上睡觉。
2. 将下面的句子翻译成英语："我喜欢在周末去公园散步。
"I like to take a walk in the park on the weekends.3. Translate the following sentence into Chinese:"My favorite color is blue because it reminds me of the sky."我最喜欢的颜色是蓝色，因为它让我想起了天空。
4. 将下面的句子翻译成英语："这个电影非常有趣，我建议你去看一下。
"This movie is very interesting, I suggest you go and see it.5. Translate the following sentence into Chinese:"She is studying Chinese at university."她正在大学学习中文。
6. 将下面的句子翻译成英语："我在周末通常和朋友们一起打篮球。
"I usually play basketball with my friends on the weekends.7. Translate the following sentence into Chinese:"Could you please pass me the salt?"请把盐递给我好吗？8. 将下面的句子翻译成英语："那个建筑物非常古老，已经有几百年的历史了。
英语句子翻译整理范文
句子1.①It's an important matter.②The article is full of matter.③It is a matter of no laughing.④After turning back from the post office, he had brought a lot of printedmatter.翻译：①这事很要紧。
②这篇文章内容丰富。
③这个问题可不是开玩笑④从邮局回来后，他带回来一大堆印刷品。
2.①Modern communication facilities were equipped in each fishing boat,so the fishermen could get in touch with each other at any place.②Regulations regarding the handing of hazardous wastes have becomemore stringent and complex. Facilities can no longer ignore their wastes.③All the facilities in this lab should not be taken out without permission.④The site ideally should have sufficient lands to provide a buffer zonebetween the facility and the public surrounding it.翻译：①每条渔船都装有先进的通讯设备,因此渔民们可以在任何地方都能保持联系。
②有关有害废物处理的条例已经更严厉、更复杂,厂家再也不能对其产生的废物置之不理了。
③未经允许,所有器材不能带出实验室。
理想的处理现场在设施及周围公共环境之间应有足够的隔离带3.①He had a shelf there, where he kept his Bohemian papers and his pipesand tobacco, and his shears and needles and thread and tailor's thimble.②There was no snow, the leaves were gone from the trees, the grass wasdead.③To learn is not an easy matter and to apply what one has learned is evenharder.④Formality has always characterized their relationship.Most US spy satellites are designed to burn up in the earth's atmosphere翻译：①他放在那儿有一个架子，摆着他的波希米亚报纸、烟斗、烟叶，还有大剪刀、针、线，以及裁缝用的顶针。
汉译英练习题
汉译英练习题Chinese to English Translation ExerciseIn recent years, more and more people in China have started learning English. As a result, there is an increasing demand for translations from Chinese to English. To help improve your translation skills, here are three practice exercises for you to work on.Exercise 1:中国是一个拥有悠久历史和丰富文化的国家。
中华文明的发展可以追溯到数千年前的古代。
中国有着独特的音乐、绘画、戏剧、舞蹈等艺术形式，这些都是中华文化的瑰宝。
此外，中国的建筑、服饰、传统节日等也深受世界各地的人们喜爱。
Translation 1:China is a country with a long history and rich culture. The development of Chinese civilization can be traced back to ancient times thousands of years ago. China has unique art forms such as music, painting, drama, and dance, which are all treasures of Chinese culture. In addition, Chinese architecture, clothing, and traditional festivals are also beloved by people from all over the world.Exercise 2:中国菜是世界上最受欢迎的菜系之一。
英语习语翻译练习
英语习语翻译练习1．Laugh in one‟s face2．Lay something to heart3．Have pity on somebody4．Trojan horse5．Sour grapes6．Sphinx‟s riddle7． A Juda‟s kiss8.hang on somebody‟s lips9.to be full of beans10.bend an ear to11.a skeleton at the feast12.bury one‟s head in the sand13burn the boat14 a bolt from the blue15six of one and half a dozen of the other16one‟s hair stand on end17kill two birds with one stone18kill the goose that lays the golden eggs19.In the country of the blind the one-eyed man is king.20.If you run after two hares, you will catch neither.21.It is an ill wind that blows nobody good.22.Every man has a fool in his sleeve.23.When Greek meets Greek, then comes the tug of war.24.He that sows the wind will reap the whirlwind.25.Like begets like.26.—“How could our silly John fall in love with such agirl?”—“Why not? …Beauty lies in the lover‟s eyes,‟ as the saying goes,” She answered with a gentle smile.27. A good beginning makes a good ending.28.Men may meet but mountains never.29.Who has never tasted bitter, knows not what is sweet.30.to expire31.to breathe the one‟s last32.She is five months gone.33.I‟ll be damned if I do.34.Damn this work!35.Get the hell out of here.36.This is a hell of a place.37.What the devil do you expect me to say?38.It‟s a bloody shame.39.He‟s bloody drunk.40.Oh, fuck! I‟ve lost the address.41.Who has fucked up the TV?。
英语一 翻译整理
1. 房子着火了，里面的人面临着死亡的危险。
(in danger of)The house was on fire and the people inside were in danger of losing their lives.2. 他买不起这么好的房子。
(afford to do)He cannot afford to buy such a nice house.3. 这个主意听起来也许有些怪，不过还真有点道理。
(make sense) Although this idea may sound strange, it does make sense.4. 约翰看起来是个好人。
即便如此，我还是不信任他。
(even so) John seems (to be) a nice person. Even so, I don’t trust him.1.Even though the first McDonald’s restaurant sold only hamburgers and French fries, it still became a cultural symbol.虽说第一家麦当劳餐馆只售汉堡包和薯条，它还是成为了一种文化象征。
2. These people are angry that the building is now in anger of being destroyed, along with their memories.这些人想到餐馆连同他们的美好回忆一起将被摧毁，感到很气愤。
3. They are using the earthquake as an excuse.他们在利用那次地震作借口。
4. Some think that McDonald’s real reason for wanting to close down the restaurant has nothing to do with money.有人认为麦当劳想关闭这家餐馆的真正原因与金钱无关。
英语英汉翻译经典例题[整理]
![英语英汉翻译经典例题[整理]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/62a0f8cdb8f3f90f76c66137ee06eff9aef849e9.png)
英语英汉翻译经典例题Translation ConclusionUnit 1 stories1. He was thirty-six, his youth had passed like a screaming eagle, leaving him old and disillusioned.他已三十六岁,青春像一路鸣叫的鹰,早已一闪而逝, 留给他的是衰老和幻灭.2. average height 普通高度3. gleaming eyes 两眼闪着光辉4. in his middle twenties 大概是二十五六岁的年龄5. ignoring the chair offered him, Chu The stood squarely before this youth more than ten years his junior and in a level voice told him who he was, what he had done in the past, how he had fled from Yunnan, talked with Sun Yat-sen, been repulsed by Chen Tu-hsiu in Shanghai, and had come to Europe to find a new way of life for himself and a new revolutionary road for China.朱德顾不得拉过来的椅子,端端正正地站在这个比他年轻十岁的青年面前,用平稳的语调, 说明自己的身份和经历: 他怎样逃出云南, 怎样会见孙中山, 怎样在上海被陈独秀拒绝, 怎样为了寻求自己的新的生活方式和中国的新的革命道路而来到欧洲.6. When both visitors had told their stories, Chou smileda little, said he would help them find rooms, and arrange for them to join the Berlin Communist group as candidates until their application had been sent to China and an answer received.两位来客把经历说完后,周恩来微笑着说,他可以帮他们找到住的地方,替他们办理加入党在柏林的支部的手续, 在入党申请书寄往中国而尚未批准之前,暂时作候补党员.7. Chinese Communist Party中国共产党8. 两条要求, 忠实------内容, 通顺-------语言9. Several times on his trips to China, which he made asa guest of the Chinese Government, Bill's birthday occurred while he was in Beijing.以中国官方客人的身份, 比尔来访中国已多次了, 而且在北京停留期间恰适他生日也有好几次了.10. ‘ This is for you,' Bill Morrow heard on many occasions he would never forget----such as when he was taken a boat down the Grand Canal and every boat that passed sounded its siren in salutation. Or when he shown over the great Nanjing bridge, built where the ferries used to carry trains across the Changjiang River. He was given a chair and asked to wait a little as darkness came on, then suddenly the whole bridge was outlined in lights.“这是为你安排的.” 这句话比尔.莫诺听到过好几次, 每一次都令他难以忘怀. 有一次, 他沿大运河乘船顺水而下,途经的每艘船都鸣笛致敬. 还有一次, 他参观雄伟的南京长江大桥------以前没桥时, 要靠轮渡托载火车横渡长江. 夜幕渐渐降临了, 他被安排坐下,并被告知稍坐等候, 然后突然间, 整个桥身被灯光勾画出了一个清晰的轮廊.11. The most important day I remember in all my life is the one on which my teacher, Anne Mansfield Sulliven, came to me.I am filled with wonder when I consider the immeasurable contrast between the two lives which it connects.在我的记忆里, 安妮.曼斯匪尔德.沙利文教师来的那一天,是我一生中最重要的日子. 从这一天开始, 我的生活与以前迥然不同, 一想到这一点, 我就感到非常兴奋.12. On the afternoon of that eventful day, I stood on theporch, dumb, expectant.那天下午,我一声不响, 怀着期待的心情站在门廊里.13. Have you been at sea in a dense fog, when it seemed as if a tangible white darkness shut you in ,and the great ship, tense and anxious, groped her way toward the shore with plummet and sounding-line and you waited with beating heart for something to happen? I was like that ship before my education began, only I was without compass or sounding-line, and had no way of knowing how near the harbour was. “ light! Give me light!” was the wordless cry of my soul, and the light of love shone on me in that very hour.不知你是否有过这样的经历---在海上航行遇上了大雾,周围一片白,好像着实把你关在一个黑暗的地方,大船上的人又紧张又着急, 一面用铅锤探测深浅,一面向岸边慢慢驶去, 你的心也怦怦直跳,生怕出事. 我在开始受教育之前, 就像这样一条船, 只是没有罗盘, 没有测探绳, 也无法知道离海港有多远. “光明!给我光明!” 这就是发自我内心深处的无言的呼唤, 也就在这时候, 爱心的光芒照到了我的身上.14. Someone took it, and I was caught up and held close in the arms of her who had come to reveal all things to me, and, more than all things else, to love me.有个人握住了我的手, 于是我被抱了起来, 紧紧地抈在了她的怀里. 正是她来到我的身边, 将一切展切在我面前, 更重要的是, 是她将爱带给了我。
初中英语翻译练习题及答案解析(最新整理)
初中英语翻译练习题及答案解析 根据中文意思完成句子，每空限填一词。
1. 来吧，孩子们!该吃晚饭了。
Come on, children. ______ ______ to have lunch. 2. 这些新汽车是中国制造的。
These new cars are ______ ______ ______. 3. 每天多喝水对你有好处。
To drink more water every day is ______ ______ ______. 4. 昨天因为交通拥堵，他们上学迟到了。
They ______ ______ ______ school because of the heavy traffic yesterday. 5. 稍微休息一下后，他又继续看英文报纸。
After a short rest,he went ______ ______English newspapers. 6. 昨天晚上我在忙于为考试做准备。
Yesterday evening I ______ ______ ______ ready ______ the examination. 7. 他们遇到了很大的麻烦，让我们来帮助他们吧， They are now in great trouble. ______ ______ ______. 8. 你一到长沙就给我打个电话好吗? Will you please call me______ ______ ______ you ______Changsha? 9. 我父亲过去常常抽烟，但最近已经戒了。
My father used ______ ______，but he has______ it ______ recently. 10. 这幅画很美，让我看看吧。
The picture is beautiful. Let‘s ______ ______ ______ at it. 答案与解析 1. It's time.表示“该做……”或“是做……的时候了”用句型It’s time to do sth或It's time for sth 2. made in China.表示“(由)某地制造”用be made in，注意make用过去分词made. 3. good for you.表示“对……有好处”用be good for sb，若表示“对……有害处”就用be bad for. 4. were late for.表示“……迟到了”用be late for.主语they是复数，由yesterday可知用一般过去式，所以be用were. 5. on，reading.表示“继续做某事”用go on doing sth. 6. was，busy，getting，for.表示“忙于做某事”是be busy doing sth或be busy with sth;表示“为……做准备”是get ready for sth或prepare for sth. 7. Let's help them.用以提出建议，表示“让我们做……吧”用句型let's do sth. 8. as soon as，reach.表示“一……就……”用连词as soon as引导一个时间状语从句;需要注意的是在时间状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
英语：句子翻译练习
I saw you in the park yesterday. You were sitting on the grass and reading a book.
14.昨天我正在街上走，忽然看见了Dave， 于是我就停下来，我们聊了一会儿。
Yesterday I was walking along the street when I saw Dave. So I stopped and we had a chat.
He won’t pass the examination. He hasn’t worked hard enough for it.
12.汤姆做饭的时侯把手烫伤了。
Tom burnt his hand when he was cooking the dinner.
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13.昨天我在公园见到你了，你坐在草地上 看书呢。
fast. Then I walked to work, which took me about
half an hour. I started work at 8:45. I didn’t
have lunch. I finished work at 5 o’clock. And
I was very tired when I got home. I cooked a
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9.我太累了，不能走路回家，我要搭车。 I’m too tired to walk home. I think I’ll get a taxi.
10.你今天晚上打算看电视吗？ Are you going to watch television this evening ?
11.他将不能通过考试，他不够努力。
从句翻译练习
6. 这就是我从出生一直居住的地方。
This is the place where I have lived since I was born. 7. 你认识绰号是“数学王子”的那个人吗？
9. 北京是个有悠久历史的城市。
Beijing is a city (which/ that) has a long history./… whose history is long. … the history of which.. of which the history… Beijing is a city with long history.
21. 真奇怪她竟然没有看出自己的缺点。
It is strange that she should have failed to see her own short-comings.
22. 看起来要下雪了。
It seems that it is going to snow.
22. 上周我们班针对中学生是否该带手机上学展开了讨论。
It is hard to say whether the plan is practical. 38. 更糟糕的是很多孩子没意识到父母所做的是为了他们
好。
What is worse, many children fail to realize that what their parents do is for their good.
Whoever breaks the traffic rules should…
12. 所有值得做的事都应该做好.
英语练习题英译
英语练习题英译1. Translate the following sentences into English:(1) 这本书是我昨天买的。
(2) 她每天早上都喝一杯咖啡。
(3) 我们计划下个月去巴黎旅行。
2. Translate the following paragraph into English:当人们谈论保护环境时，往往会提到减少碳排放和节约能源。
这是因为碳排放和能源消耗直接影响着气候变化和资源利用。
为了保护地球，我们需要采取行动，例如使用更多可再生能源，减少使用一次性塑料制品，以及改善废物处理方式。
3. Translate the following conversation into English:A: 你喜欢看电影吗？B: 是的，我很喜欢。
你呢？A: 我也喜欢看电影。
你最喜欢的类型是什么？B: 我最喜欢看喜剧片。
它们总是能让我笑出声。
4. Translate the following instructions into English:(1) 先将面粉、糖和盐混合在一个碗里。
(2) 把牛奶和鸡蛋打在另一个碗里，搅拌均匀。
(3) 把第二步的混合物倒入第一步的碗里。
(4) 用搅拌器搅拌至面糊均匀。
5. Translate the following passage into English:这个小镇位于海边，拥有美丽的沙滩和清澈的海水。
每年夏天，许多人会来这里度假。
你可以在海滩上晒太阳，游泳或者玩沙子。
晚上，你可以品尝新鲜的海鲜，在海边的餐厅享用美食。
如果你喜欢水上运动，这里还有很多选择，比如冲浪和帆板。
以上是英语练习题英译的内容。
请根据题目要求完成每个题目的翻译。
英语句子翻译整理
句子1.①It's an important matter.②The article is full of matter.③It is a matter of no laughing.④After turning back from the post office, he had brought a lot of printedmatter.翻译：①这事很要紧。
②这篇文章内容丰富。
③这个问题可不是开玩笑④从邮局回来后，他带回来一大堆印刷品。
2.①Modern communication facilities were equipped in each fishing boat,so the fishermen could get in touch with each other at any place.②Regulations regarding the handing of hazardous wastes have becomemore stringent and complex. Facilities can no longer ignore their wastes.③All the facilities in this lab should not be taken out without permission.④The site ideally should have sufficient lands to provide a buffer zonebetween the facility and the public surrounding it.翻译：①每条渔船都装有先进的通讯设备,因此渔民们可以在任何地方都能保持联系。
②有关有害废物处理的条例已经更严厉、更复杂,厂家再也不能对其产生的废物置之不理了。
③未经允许,所有器材不能带出实验室。
理想的处理现场在设施及周围公共环境之间应有足够的隔离带3.①He had a shelf there, where he kept his Bohemian papers and his pipesand tobacco, and his shears and needles and thread and tailor's thimble.②There was no snow, the leaves were gone from the trees, the grass wasdead.③To learn is not an easy matter and to apply what one has learned is evenharder.④Formality has always characterized their relationship.Most US spy satellites are designed to burn up in the earth's atmosphere翻译：①他放在那儿有一个架子，摆着他的波希米亚报纸、烟斗、烟叶，还有大剪刀、针、线，以及裁缝用的顶针。
四年级翻译练习题
四年级翻译练习题
在四年级的学习中，翻译练习题对于培养学生的语言表达能力和跨文化交流能力具有重要意义。
下面我将为大家介绍几道适合四年级学生的翻译练习题。
1. 请将以下句子翻译成英文：
- 我喜欢吃苹果。
- 她正在读一本有趣的书。
- 他们正在学习中文。
2. 请将以下句子翻译成中文：
- I have a pet cat.
- The weather is sunny today.
- My favorite color is blue.
3. 根据给出的图片描述并翻译成英文：
4. 请将以下对话翻译成中文：
- A: What's your name?
- B: My name is Lucy.
- A: Nice to meet you, Lucy.
5. 请翻译以下短文的第二段（第一段已给出）：
第一段：我有一个好朋友，她叫玛丽。
玛丽很漂亮，也很聪明。
第二段：____
以上就是几道适合四年级学生的翻译练习题。
希望同学们通过这些练习能够提高自己的翻译能力，更好地理解和运用不同语言之间的表达方式。
加油！。
英语翻译整理
大连英语同传翻译同传技巧之句子练习断句：1. I urge the leader to listen to the voices of the ordinary people about their desire for peace.我敦促各国领导人去听听普通民众的呼声,了解他们要求和平的愿望;2. War has come to Iraq for the third time in a quarter of a century.战争在伊拉克爆发已经是第三次了,时间跨度不过25年;3. Many people will experience poverty, unemployment, and disillusion with what they will see as an inequitable global world.许多人将体验到贫困、失业和幻想的破灭,对他们将看到的那个不公平的世界的幻灭;4. Before taking your question, let me mention two other issues that are of particular concern to me at the moment.在回答你的问题之前,让我先谈谈其他连个问题,两个现在让我特别关注的问题;5. Terrorism can be defeated only if all nation unite against it.恐怖主义是可以被击败的,但所有的国家必须团结起来和恐怖主义作斗争;6. Beyond this we also focused on special opportunities to expand and strengthen our coordination.除此之外,我们还重点谈论了一些特殊的机会,以便扩大和将强我们之间的协调;7. The government wished to promote regional interests through mutually beneficial relations with the outside world.政府希望能促进地区利益,通过与外部世界建立互利关系来达到这一目的;8. The Second World Assembly on Aging, held at Madrid in April 2002, highlighted the need to link aging to human rights and social and economic development.第二届世界老年大会在马德里召开,时间是2002年4月;大会强调必须将老年问题与人权及社会经济发展联系起来;9. The Summit also holds the promise of creating an information society that provides new business opportunities and innovative ways to create prosperity while respecting the interests and cultural heritages of all nations.峰会也带来了机遇,让我们去建立一个信息社会,这个信息社会提供新的商业机会和新的方法让我们去创造繁荣,同时尊重所有国家的利益和文化传统;10. Water is crucial for the economic growth and development activities of human kind.水至关重要,对人类的经济增长和发展活动都是如此;11. The Chinese government will always support the UN efforts to uphold justice, maintain peace and promote global prosperity.中国政府将一直支持联合国的工作,致力于维护和平,保持稳定以及促进全球繁荣;12. Today, I would like to share with you my own thoughts about the implications of the ongoing transition to the knowledge-based economy, as well as on how Asians can cope with this transition not only to survive but also to gain competitive strength.今天我想和各位谈谈我的想法,讲讲当前向知识经济过渡的影响,以及亚洲人民应该如何应对这一过渡时期,不仅为了立足生存,而且还要活得竞争优势;等待：1. The values of society find reflection in the way people tour and in the way they play and practice their sport.社会价值观在人们的旅游活动中得到了反映,也体现在人们参与和从事的体育活动中;2. Significant shifts in the distribution of power among the major players have often resulted in tension.大国之间权利分配的重大变化往往会引起局势紧张;3. The relationship between human and nature should be properly handled so that population, resources, and environment interact with each other in a virtuous circle, which will offer a favorable environment for steady economic growth and ensure the sustainable economic development.人与自然和谐共存,实现人口、资源、环境的良性循环,为经济的稳定发展提供了良好的环境,保持世界经济的可持续发展;4. One of the specific issues we focused on while we were high was the protection of intellectual property rights.我们在这里着重探讨的一个具体问题就是保护知识产权;5. The exceptional growth of tourism over the last 50 years is one of the most remarkable economic and social phenomena of the 20th century.旅游业在过去的50年迅猛发展,这是20世纪最令人瞩目的社会经济现象之一;6. The advantage of having access to online resources on the Internet is an undeniable opportunity for today’s students.能够在互联网上利用网络资源是当今学生应该享有的机会,这一点不容置疑;7. The Government recognized that an approach of “grow now, clean up the environment later” does not result in sustainable development.该国政府认识到“先发展后治理”的办法不利于可持续发展;8. This is the beginning, not the end, of our work.这是我们工作的开始而不是结束;9. Major progress has been made in promoting the participation of women in all areas of sports.在促进妇女参加各项体育活动方面,我们取得了巨大的进步;10. Within a few short years, the emblem we unveil here tonight will become one of the most visible and recognized marks in the world.短短的几年之内,我们今晚将要揭幕的会徽将成为世界上最引人注目、最为人们熟知的标志之一;11. To strengthen protection, we must reassert the centrality of international humanitarian and human rights law.为了加强保护,我们必须重申国际人道主义和人权法的核心地位;12. During the past year, there have been extraordinary challenges to security and stability.过去一年,安全和稳定受到了不同寻常的挑战;转换：1. We seek a deep-rooted understanding through the multiplication of our economic, cultural, scientific and human ties.我们力求加深双方的理解,通过扩大我们之间的经济、文化、科学及人员交往来加深理解;2. Differences between the social systems of states shall not be an obstacle to their approaches and cooperation.社会体制的不同不应该妨碍各国的接触和合作;3. The United Nations is the only place of hope for saving mankind from destruction.联合国是唯一一个给人类以希望让他们免遭毁灭的机构;4. Psychologically there are two dangers to be guarded against in old age. One of these is undue absorption in the past. The other to be avoided is clinging to youth in the hope of vigor from its vitality.从心理方面来讲,有两种倾向老年人应该需要注意防止;一是过分地怀念过去,另一种需要避免的是老想和年轻人呆在一起,希望从青年人活力中汲取生命力;5. In the British system, a parliamentary election also determines who shall be Prime Minister, but the American Constitution provides for separate election of President and Congress.按照英国议会的制度,议会选举也决定首相人选,但是美国宪法规定分开选举总统和国会;6. Allow me, on behalf of the delegation that accompanies me and in my own name, to sincerely than you for this and convey to you the message of friendship and fraternity of our people.请允许我以陪同我访问的代表团和我本人的名义,向你们表示诚挚的谢意,并向你们传达我国人民兄弟般的友好情意;7. The UN document call for the settlement of the Middle East conflicts on thebasis of Israeli withdrawal from occupied territories and Arab acknowledgement of Israel’s right to exist.联合国发布反的文件呼吁解决中东冲突要本着以下原则,一是以色列从阿拉伯被占领土撤军,第二是阿拉伯国家要承认以色列的生存权;8. They believe that the normalization of relation between the two countries is not only in the interest of Chinese and American people, but also contributes to the relaxation of tension in Asia and the world.他们相信两国关系正常化符合中美两国人民的利益,并且有助于缓解亚洲及世界紧张局势;9. In China’s approach to relations with other countries, we find a welcome emphasis on the principles of the equality states and respect for the rights and views of small and middle powers.中国处理与其他国家的关系时,我们欣喜地看到中国重视国家之间的平等,尊重小国和中等国家的权利和观点,10. The European Union is the best instrument for this purpose.建立/利用欧盟是实现这一目标的最佳手段;11. The setbacks to international peace and security in the past year were numerous, from the rise in tension between India and Pakistan to the deterioration in the Middle East, and from terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001 against the United States to the eruption of violence in Liberia.国际和平安全所经受的挫折在过去的一年中不计其数,印度和巴基斯坦紧张关系升级,中东局势恶化,恐怖分子针对美国的9/11袭击,以及利比里亚爆发暴力冲突等等;12. This list consists of two databases, namely Corporate Asia and Consumer Asia.这个目录包含两个数据库,即亚洲企业数据库和亚洲消费者数据库;重复：1. I’m certain that the destiny of each one of us and Asia as a whole will depend on how well we adjust to this very profound transformation.我确信我们每个人的命运,以及整个亚洲的命运取决于我们能在多大程度上适应这一深刻的转变;2. The challenge now for the 49 least developed countries, and donor countries, is to build capacity to ensure that the Brussels Program Action is implemented as soon as possible.49个最不发达国家及捐助国现在所面临的挑战在于提高能力,确保布鲁塞尔行动纲领得到实施,实施得越早越好;3. I would like to express my profound thanks to the government and people of the United Arab Emirates.我想表达我深深的谢意,感谢阿联酋政府,感谢阿联酋人民;4. All this can and must be done on a win-win basis.这一切能够而且必须做到,在双赢的基础上做到;5. Wars since the 1990s have been mainly internal. They have been brutal, claiming more than 5 million lives. They have violated, not so much borders, as people.1990年以来的战争主要是国内战争;这些战争野蛮残忍,夺去了500多万认人的生命;这些战争与其说侵犯边界还不如说侵犯人民;6. Since wages and their purchasing power are quite as high in England as in any other country of Europe, the proportion of poverty is probably as great in the latter as in the former.由于工资和购买力方面英国和其他欧洲国家持平,贫困人口的比例方面,英国和欧洲国家大概也不相上下;7. What I’m talking about here is economic and financial solidarity rather than legal liabilities, solidarity between industrialized countries and developing countries, between North and South and between different societies.我在这里谈论的是经济和财政方面的一致性,而不是法律责任;我所说的是工业化国家和发展中国家的一致性,是南北一致性以及不同社会之间的一致性;8. The aim of this conference is not to make the recovery possible, since it will result from consumers’ behavi or. It is to stimulate and accelerate the recovery and make all Asian destinations benefit from its effect.此次会议的目的不是让经济复苏成为可能,因为复苏取决于消费者的行为;这次大会旨在刺激和加快复苏,让亚洲所有的旅游目的地从中受益;9. Let me express my gratitude to the United Nations founding fathers for their visi on in having left a legacy which was humanity’s best guarantee for continual survival.请允许我感谢联合国的创始人,感谢他们高瞻远瞩,他们留下的遗产是人类继续生存的最佳保障;10. All members had the right to speak and vote in accordance with their own judgment.所有的成员都有权利发言和投票,按照自己的判断去行使这一权利;11. I do not underestimate the difficulties. More importantly, neither does the Chinese leadership.我并没有低估这些困难,更重要的是,中国领导人也没有低估这些困难;12. This report examines the opportunities for growth and sustainable development offered by the process of liberalization and globalization.这份报告研究了经济增长和可持续发展的机会,自由化和全球化所带来的机会;增词：1. This helped explain the President’s headache in Vietnam.这有助于说明总统为什么在越南问题上感到头痛;2. The disposal of the postwar world was in the hands of the Big Four.处理战后世界的权力掌握在四个大国手中;3. The United Nations as an organization was not to blame for the nonresolution of the Cyprus problem. It was the lack of political will on the part of those who were in a position to make Organization effective.联合国作为一个机构不应该收到谴责,没能解决塞浦路斯问题不是联合国的过错;应该受到指责的是那些能让联合国发挥作用的人,他们缺乏政治意志;4. Among us we have delegates from the Organizing Committee of the Games in Athens, in 2004, Turin, in 2006, and in Beijing, in 2008: we greet them and wish them every success in with their undertaking.和我们欢聚一堂的代表团来自2004年雅典奥运会组委会,2006年都灵冬奥会组委会和2008年北京奥运会组委会;我们欢迎他们的到来并祝他们事业成功;5. There is an important factor to be considered and that is quite common among developing countries.一个很重要的因素需要考虑,这一点在发展中国家相当普遍;6. That is why – despite all the obstacles – we remain optimistic about the ling-term health of the Asian tourism industry.这就是为什么尽管困难重重,我们依然保持乐观态度,相信从长远来看亚洲旅游业会健康发展; 7. These teenagers have a great passion for sports, and some of them are preparing for Beijing.这些青少年热爱体育,其中有些人正在为2008年北京奥运会做准备;8. Saving is to an individual what profit is to a business.一个人不能没有储蓄,就像企业不能没有利润一样;9. New regulations also may be needed to deal with special Internet crimes like the dissemination of computer virus, the theft of personal data stored on hard discs, and the like.我们可能需要新的规章制度来应对特殊的网络犯罪,比如传播病毒,盗窃硬盘上的个人数据和其他类似的犯罪行为;10. In addition to these remedial steps – cleaning up the problems of bad debts in the banking system and of burdens and losses in the SOE sector – China will need to take other actions to reduce or prevent vulnerability.除了这些补救措施之外,即消除银行系统的坏账以及解决国有部门负担过重而产生的亏损严重问题,中国还要采取行动减少或阻止薄弱环节的出现;11. Growing economic integration and interlinkages among issues suggest the needfor new and more comprehensive approaches to capacity-building adapted to the constantly evolving needs of developing countries.日益增长的经济一体化和各种问题间千丝万缕的联系意味着有必要采取更新更全面的办法来处理能力建设问题,这样才能适应发展中国家不断变化的需求;12. The institutions stand ready to assist the international community to come to terms with the economic and commercial consequences of the global economy.这些机构随时准备帮助国际社会适应全球经济环境下经济和商业方面的后果;省略：1. Through an advertisement, you can learn what product is available.通过广告可以获悉市面上能买到什么产品;2. The government has put the new coins into circulation, but only a small number of people have ever seen them.政府已经发行了新的硬币,但是只有少数人见过;3. We have seen failure, yes, but we have seen the effects of the politicization of aid, and we must never forget its corrosive impact.我们经历过失败,也目睹了将援助问题政治化的后果,我们决不能忘记其侵蚀性的影响;4. Both of these have potentially profound implications, and in some ways, they both are related to another underlying trend, the loss of the sense of community and a sense of communal purpose.两者都有潜在的深远影响,而且在某些方面都与另一个潜在趋势相关,即社区意识和共同目标的丧失;5. Nothing gives me greater pride as Prime Minister than this investment in the future – an investment in each individual young person and their future.最让我作为首相感到自豪的是为未来投资,在每个年轻人身上为他们的未来投资;6. These second-generation reforms were those that would create and strengthen China’s market-based economy, thus making it possible to begin closing the technological and productivity gap that separated China from the most advanced economies.第二步改革要创造并加强市场经济,从而缩小中国和最发达国家间的技术和生产力差距;7. It is impossible to live in society and be independent of society.生于社会就不能脱离社会;8. I call upon governments to support us in our effort to safeguard the athletes’ health.我呼吁各国政府支持我们,保护运动员的健康;9. We are pleased to note in the statements made on behalf of all groups a firm opposition against the policy of apartheid.我们高兴地注意到,所有团体的发言都坚决反对种族隔离政策;10. The numbers of known hydrocarbons run into tens of thousands.已知的碳氢化合物有几万种;11. As is so often pointed out, knowledge is a two-edged weapon which can be used equally for good or evil.常言道,知识是把双刃剑,既可以用来行善,也可以用来作恶;12. Remember: you are not any old Tom, Dick or Harry giving his opinion. You are a man who was sent as a representative of the British Government.记住：你不是普通的老百姓在发表意见,你是英国政府派出的代表;正说和反说：1. There is no reason to believe that their successors will be any different.完全有理由相信他们的继任者也会沿着同样的路线走下去;2. Let’s end the terror of killing before it is too late.让我们结束恐怖杀戮,否则就悔之晚矣;3. I have no doubt that you will have a stimulating conference, and that the prospect of Shanghai will inspire you.我深信你们将会召开一次激励人心的会议,上海的前景会令人鼓舞;4. It is beyond the scope of the report to explore all of these challenges.本报告不打算就所有的挑战进行探讨;5. This problem can never be taken too seriously.这个问题要非常认真地对待;6. If a country has an abundance of natural resources, it is common for it toexport some of them.一个国家资源丰富的话,出口一些不足为奇;7. History is silent about it.历史对此事只字未提;8. In no area of medicine is accurate diagnosis more important or in many instances, more difficult.在医学领域,准确诊断是最为重要的,然而在很多情况下也是最困难的;9. In such cases, the condition can not be otherwise than serious.在这种情况下,病情必然是很严重的;10. Intact skin can protect the body from being invaded by germs.未受损的皮肤可以保护身体不受细菌侵害;11. No disease is so common as cold.感冒是最常见的病症;12. I would fight to death against terrorism before I give up.我将和恐怖注意战斗到死,永不屈服;。
英语翻译整理
原文：Form there I could see the whole valley below, the fields, the river, and the village. It was very beautiful, and the sight of it filled me with longing.译文：第一组：1. 俯瞰山谷，一切尽收眼底，广袤的农田，潺潺的溪流，幽静的村庄美得令人窒息，久久流连……（正常版）2. 方才俯瞰这大好河山，竟见到如此美景，白水横绿野，原野饶山村，真是再美不过了，若是能常驻于此，真真是极好的。
（甄嬛体）第二组：1.登高而望远，入目可及处，有田野之绿意盎然，溪水之曲折蜿蜒，炊烟之袅袅而上，美不胜收，恍如仙境，吾心甚悦之。
（考试版）2.啊！春日的山谷，你生机勃勃的田野随风飘荡，你清澈见底的溪水碧波潺潺，你恍如陷阱的桃源炊烟袅袅，我又如何能忘却这如诗般的美好，如何能忘却！（现代诗）3.登高望远去，谷中有奇景。
良田十余亩，饮水对清流。
暖暖远人村，依依墟里烟。
少无适俗韵，性本爱丘山。
本事蓬莱境，何必再簪缨。
（律诗）4.登巘望怀，豁然开朗。
清荣峻茂间，河原比鳞，屋舍俨然。
赞化外之清绝，醉桃源之怡乐。
遂慕五柳南山挂冠，郁怀俯内；羡七贤酩酊避召，余生庐结。
（古文版）5.当我站在山坡上鸟瞰整个山谷，几乎一眼我就爱上了这里。
房前屋后是当地人赖以生存的田野，一切都是绿油油的，如同上帝倾倒在人间的油墨。
山上的清泉从村头一直缠绵到村尾，似乎诉说着这山中村落百年来纷纷扰扰的故事。
当日薄西山，炊烟升起，温暖的金光洒向这人间胜景，我几乎不能抑制地想说服自己就留在这里，就留在这水泼墨染的世界里。
（散文游记版）第三组：站在那儿，眺望山谷，景色一览无遗。
肥沃的田野上，零星的分布着些许村庄，蜿蜒的河流从中穿过，美不胜收，令我心驰神往。
（考试版）第四组：从这里鸟瞰下去，整个山谷一览无余。
良田、长河、村庄，一切都美不胜收，令我心驰神往。
八上英语Unit翻译练习
24.玲玲查明了火车什么时间离开吗？?
25.他们在花园里跳上跳下. .
26.他去了纽约度假. .
.一天会有多大地变化啊！!
28.每个人都玩得开心吗？是地，一切都很棒.
? , . .
29.商人们喜欢各种各样地活动.．
30.我们回家时，月亮开始升起来了..
31.小明很忙，他为了测验而学习. .
.
6.我很害羞，因此我不容易交朋友.
’’.
7.年轻人应该关心老人.
.
8.她喜欢和妈妈做同样地事情.
.
9.迈克不能容忍老师说地话.
’.
10.你查清他迟到地原因了吗？
?
11.她去超市买了相当多地东西.
.
12.她地爸爸装扮成圣诞老人.
.
42.由于人太多，我们等了一个多小时地火车.
每周上网三到四次.
.
2.喝牛奶对你地健康有益.
.
3.我们学校百分之三十五地学生是女生.
.
4.他地长相跟他地几个兄弟相似.
.
.你必须每天至少睡个小时.
.
.我们班有四十多个学生.
八上英语翻译练习
整理时间：
5.最重要地是要快乐.
32.你地假期怎么样？?
33.在农场，我们喂母鸡食物了. .
34.这男孩没打伞在雨中跑. .
35.让我们继续学习英语吧！’.
36.我通常骑自行车上学..
37.当他回家时，他地衬衫全湿了..
38.中美之间存在很多分歧..
39.我不喜欢这部电影，我认为它无聊.. .
40.这个城市有许多古老地建筑..
41.你觉得这次旅行怎么样？?
’.
15.我们仍有足够地时间让这个生日蛋糕看起来足够好.
精读1 quiz和Translation Exercises中的翻译练习整理
CFAU Translation ExercisesUnit 11. 他出生在二战爆发的那一年He was born the year the Second World War broke out.2. 总裁的宣布让整个会议陷入混乱。
The managers’ announcement threw the meeting into confusion.3. 星期五下午校长将做一个演讲。
The president is to make a speech on Friday afternoon.4. 街道上到处是观看游行的群众。
The streets were lined with people watching the parade.5. 他的父母想让他成为钢琴家。
His parents want to make a pianist (out) of him.6. 覆水难收。
It’s n o good crying over spilt milk.7. 我无法停止观看这部电影。
I could hardly tear myself away from the film.8. 他非常勇敢地与致命的疾病作斗争。
He’s man enough to fight against this deadly disease.9. 房子着火了。
The house burst into flames.10. 年轻人兴奋地挥着他们的手。
The young people waved their hands in excitement.11. 当去哈佛大学学习的机会到来时，他立刻抓住了它。
When the chance to study at Harvard presented itself, he jumped at it.12. 河流最终汇入海洋。
Rivers find their way to the sea eventually.13. 他太穷了，不得不靠乞讨为生。
中国传统文化英语翻译整理新
1.香囊(scented sachet)，古代也称“香袋”，通常是用布缝制或彩色丝线编织的袋子，里面塞满香草(aromatic herbs)。
香囊最初用来吸汗、驱虫和避邪。
香囊不仅有用，而且可作装饰品。
它们的形状和大小各异，有圆形、椭圆形和其他形状。
它们通常配有精致的图案，每个图案都象征着特别的含义。
例如，双鱼或成对蝴蝶图案象征男女之爱;莲花或牡丹花(peony flower)等图案象征女性;松树和仙鹤图案象征长寿;石榴(guava)图案象征很多孩子。
漂亮的香囊不仅是装饰品，而且含有丰富的文化和历史内涵。
翻译：Scented sachets, also called “fragrant bags” in ancient times, are bags usually sewed with cloth or weaved with multicolor silk threads and stuffed with aromatic herbs. The fragrant bags were originally used for absorbing sweat, repelling insects and warding off evils. Scented sachets are not only useful, but also ornamental. They come in different shapes and sizes, such as round, oval and many others. And they are normally decorated with elaborate patterns, with each pattern symbolizing a special meaning.For instance,a double-fish or double-butterfly pattern smybolizes the love between a man and a woman;patterns like lotus or peony flowers symbolize women;pine and crane patterns symbolize longevity and a guava pattern is the symbol of lots of children.A nice scented sachet is not just an ornament,but more of something that contains cultural and historical richness.2.中国民间艺术与中国哲学统一于“阴阳(yin-yang)生万物”这一理念。
英语翻译练习整理
当前最重要的任务是发展国民经济，提高人民生活水平。
为了实现这个目标，我们必须改革旧的经济体制，以便进一步解放生产力。
我们应当向世界敞开大门，以便学习其他国家先进的科学和技术。
只要我们坚持改革开放政策，就一定能把我国建设成为强大的社会主义强国。
Currently, the most important task is to develop domestic economy and improve people’s living standard. To achieve the goal, we must alter the old economic system, so as to further production. Besides, we should also open up to the world, to learn science and technology from other countries. As long as we insist on open-up policy, we are sure to build our nation into a strong socialist country.(2)为了接待每年数以百万计的外国游客，我国旅游部门正在想方设法改善旅游住宿设施。
许多地区正在开发新的旅游中心，兴建更多的现代宾馆，培训更多的外语导游，以适应日益发展的旅游业的需要。
To receive millions of foreign tourists annually, our tourism department has tried all means to improve accommodation facilities. To meet the needs of increasing development of tourism industry, new tourism centers are being exploited in many areas, more and more modern hotels are being built, and more foreign language speaking guides are being trained.(3)教育在社会经济发展和提高人类文化素质方面起着重要的作用。
翻译 二 初三英语翻译整理
二1、当我们在看电视的时候，会有更少的广告There are fewer advertisements when we are watching TV.2、我在扬州高中读八年级I’m in Year 8 at Highschool in Yangzhou. Grade 8/ 8 th Grade3、这是男学生和女生一起上课的混合学校It’s a mixed school where toys and girls have lessons together.4、我最喜欢的课程是家政因为我想学怎么烧菜和做针线My favourite subject is Home Ecnomics because I want to learn how to cook and sew.5、我来这学校之前不知道怎么为自己做事I did not know how to do things for myself beforeI came to this school.6、现在我知道怎么做健康和美味的餐点Now I know how to cook healthy and tasty food.7、在今年的阅读周里，我是我们班读书最多的During this year’s Reading Week,I read the most books in the class.8、我们可以读图书馆里的任何书We can read any book from the school library.9、我们甚至可以从家里带书和杂志去We can even bring in books and magazines from home.10、在每堂课的最后，我们要告诉我们英语老师我们在读什么Near the end of each class ,we have to tell our English teacher what we are reading.11、在美国学校的生活life in an America school12、他去年上了驾驶课，现在他送我上学He had driving lessons last year and he drives me to school now.13、这很棒因为这比乘公交车花的时间短This is great because it takes less time than taking the bus.14、我每两个星期打一次垒球，花很多时间练习Twice a week ,I play volleyball and spend a lot of time pricticing.15、高年级的学生与新学生交流学校生活Older students talk to new students about school life.16、她帮助我适应新学校She helps me learn all about my new school.17、她帮助我做家庭作业，还听我倾诉问题，他是我的英雄She helps me with my homework and listens to my problems too(as well).She is my hero.18、在午饭时间，我会和我同学见面，我们会很开心的聊天During lunchtime,I meet my friends and we always have a good time talking to each other.19、我看了一篇来自一个美国女孩的文章I read an article by a girl from the USA.20、告诉我更多的关于他的事Tell me more about him.21、Nancy的校园生活怎么样What is Nancy’s school life like?22、我理想中的学校在9点开始，3点结束My ideal school starts at 9 a.m,and finishes at 3 p.m.23、我们学校的一边是公园，另一边是一个商场There is a park on the one side of our school,and a shopping mall on the other.24、我们有一个里面装了很多有用的书的图书馆We have a library with a lot of useful books.25、我们在周末进行学校旅行We go on school trip on the weekends.26、我们有大量的时间做课外活动We have lots of time for after-school activities.27、我的校服和他的一样/不同My school uniform is the same as his.(is different from his)28、在三个同学中，Nancy有最多的书Of the three students,Nancy has the most books29、我比John花更少的时间在做作业上I spend less time doing my homeworkthan John does.30、John的空闲时间比Nancy少John has less free time than Nancymore……than the mostfewer……than the fewest可数less……than the least 不可数暑假的天数length of summer holiday放假have two weeks off在网上聊天chat online。
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英语翻译练习( 1 )当前最重要的任务是发展国民经济，提高人民生活水平。
为了实现这个目标，我们必须改革旧的经济体制，以便进一步解放生产力。
我们应当向世界敞开大门，以便学习其他国家先进的科学和技术。
只要我们坚持改革开放政策，就一定能把我国建设成为强大的社会主义强国。
The most important task is to develop our national economy and improve people’s living standard. To realize the aim, we must reform our old economy system, so as to liberate the productive forces furthe. We should open doors to the world, to learn the advance science and technology of the other countries. As long as we stick to our reform and open-door policy, we are sure to make our country into a strong and great socialist country.(2)为了接待每年数以百万计的外国游客，我国旅游部门正在想方设法改善旅游住宿设施。
许多地区正在开发新的旅游中心，兴建更多的现代宾馆，培训更多的外语导游，以适应日益发展的旅游业的需要。
To receive millions of foreign visitors annually, china’s tourism department are trying rvery possible means to improve accommodation for tourists. In many places new tourism centers are being exploited, more and more modern hotels are being set up and foreign language speaking tourist guides are being trained to meet the growing needs of tourism industry.(3)教育在社会经济发展和提高人类文化素质方面起着重要的作用。
科学和技术的进步将有力地推动教育的发展。
同时教育的发展又将促进科学技术的进步。
因此，将发展教育放在一个重要的位置上是非常必要的。
Education plays an important role in the social economic development and the improvement of individwal’s cultural qualities. The advance in science and technology will give a big push to the development of education and the education will promote the scientific and technical progress. Therefore it is recessary to give an important position very necessary to put educational development in a significant position to the education development(4)不吸烟者的权利问题在许多国家里开始讨论。
迄今为止，多数国家很少或还没有采取措施。
众所周知，从长远的观点看，如果能完全禁止吸烟，那么人们的境况将得到很大的改善。
但显然，我们对此尚无准备。
The issue of non-smoker s’rights began to be talked about in many countries.Up to now ,most countries have taken little or even no actions. It is well- known to all that if smoking is completely banned,people’s living conditions will be greatly improved in the long run,but obviously, we have not got ready for that.(5)很多教师认为，学习主要依赖于学生本人。
教师起指导作用，布置书单，让学生阅读，希望学生能够熟悉阅读得到的信息。
理想的学生被认为是为了学习而学习的学生，更是为了学习而使用知识的学生，而并非仅仅想取得高分的学生。
Many teachers believe that learning mainly depends on students theirselves. Teachers just guide them and give them a reading list, expecting them to be familiar with the information acquired for the sake of learning,not those who are interested only in getting high grades.(6)每个国家都有自己独特的进餐习俗。
美国人认为，要做一个受欢迎的客人，首先就是要准时。
如果某人应邀六点半赴宴，女主人就指望他六点半到或者最多晚到几分钟。
客人如果不能按时到达，应该打电话通知男主人或女主人，讲明原因，并说明什么时间能赶到。
Every country has its own unique eating customs. Americans think that a welcomed guest should first be punctual. If one is invited to dinner at 6:30, the hostess will expect him to arrive at 6:30 or a few minutes late. if the guest cannot arrive on time, he should call the host, explaining why he cannot make it on time and when he can arrive.(7)中国政府已作出了重大的努力，动员人民因地制宜地开展改善生态环境的工作。
我们还要做出更大的努力来提高人们的环境意识。
需要新闻媒体广泛宣传我国的环境政策，普及环境知识，使每一个人投入保护生态环境的行动中去。
The government of China has already made great efforts to call on people to organize people to improve the ecological environment in the light of local conditions. We have to redouble our efforts to further raise people’s awareness of the environment . Mass media are needed to further publicize environment policies, further spread knowledge about environment and moblize the public to participate actively in environmental protection.(8)电视在我们日常生活中的作用主要反映在娱乐和信息两个方面。
娱乐包括电影、音乐、体育比赛等。
信息包括新闻、教育节目、讲座等。
在娱乐方面，电视使我们的生活丰富多彩；在信息方面，我们可以了解到所发生的一切。
The role of the TV in our daily life is reflected mainly in two aspects, namely entertainment and information. The entertainment includes films, music sports etc. And information includes news, education programs, TV lectures,etc. The entertainment provided by TV makes our life colorful while information enables us to keep in touch with what is going on around us.(9)在我们这个时代，任何人想要在社会上起到所希望起的作用，必须接受必要的教育。
随着科学的进步，在中小学开设了越来越多的课程。
与过去的教育相比，现代教育更重视实用性。
In our times, anyone who wants to play an important role in a society as he wishes must receive neccssary education. With the development of science, more courses are offered in primary schools and middle schools. Compared with the old educaiton, modern education puts its scress on practicality.(10)个人主义和集体主义渗透进东西文化的方方面面，影响着美国和中国的经济、政治、伦理道德和价值观，在交往方式上尤为如此。
这一点是很重要的，因为调查研究已经证实，国际商务和国际关系上的失败，首要的原因不是经济上的也不是商务上的，而是跨文化交流方面的。
Individualism and collecitvism have an influence on the economy, policy, ethics and values of both American and Chinese by permeating all aspects.It is especially the case in contacting with other countries. .It is important for investigation has proved that the main reason. Leading to the failure in international business and relationship lies neither in economy nor in business but in the cross-cultural.(11)在过去的十几年里，可能没有任何其他话题比领导艺术更受到管理研究者的关注。