中考定语从句讲解(图文结合简单易懂)

中考定语从句讲解

定语从句

请看下面的句子：

（一）概念:

定语从句：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子，叫定语从句。

先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。

关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

（二）定语从句的分类

Ⅰ、限定性定语从句：从句不可少，没有它，先行词的意思不明确，主句也不完整。与先行词之间不用逗号。

e.g:This is the book that/which I want.

Ⅱ、非限定性定语从句：是对先行词的补充说明，没有它不会影响先行词或主句意思的完整性。从句一般用逗号同主句分开。

e.g:Mr. Green，who is watching TV，is my uncle.

（三）(限定性)定语从句的结构

Mary is a girl who has long hair.

先行词关系词定语从句

关系代词关系副词

which, who, whom,

whose, that where, when, why

（四）定语从句的实质：二句合一

（合并条件：人物先行在句一，又占句二一席地）

Mary is a girl.

合并为一个句子

She has long hair.

定语从句四部曲：

1、写：两句（主干+定语从句）

2、找：相同部分——先行词

3、换：关系词（人or物）

4、连：主句+从句

Mary is a girl。Mary has long hair.

——Mary is a girl who/that has long hair.

请把下列句子二句合一

1. I like the book.The book is on the desk.

2.This is the man . The man helped me .

3.The doctor is in the that room. I am looking for the doctor.

（五）定语从句关系词的确定:(先行词决定关系词)

● a.先行词的分类

● b.先行词在从句中充当的成分

1.先行词做主语人：who/that

物：which/that

2.先行词做宾语人：who/whom/that

物：which/that

3.先行词做定语人：whose

物：whose/of which

4.先行词做状语：w h e n,w h e r e,w h y

●who /that作定语从句的主语或宾语.

The man who/that is speaking at the meeting is a worker.

做题思路：先分解——分析——再合并

The man is a worker.

The man is speaking at the meeting.

●Whom /that作定语从句的宾语

The woman（whom/that) they wanted to visit is a teacher.

分解The woman is a teacher.

They wanted to visit the woman.

注意: 关系代词作动词宾语时可省略.

解题时，首先要结合选项对题干进行整体感知，确定定语从句的位置;根据定语从句中所缺少的句子成分，分析先行词逻辑上在定语从句中的成分，继而选出正确的选项。例如：

Can you tell me the name of the factory ________ you visited last week?

A. what

B. where

C. /

D. when

简析：本题定语从句的主语、谓语、时间状语已具备，而visit 是个及物动词，从语义上分析，factory 作visit 的宾语。故只能选C (引导词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略)。

●whose 作定语从句的定语.

I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.

分解I know the girl.

The girl’s mother is a teacher.

作定语

小结：

关系词判断步骤

●首先，要辨别出先行词。如果先行词是指人,关系词可能就用who, that whom, whose。

如果先行词指物,关系词可能用which或that

先行词主语宾语定语人who, that who(m), that whose

物which,

that which, that whose,

of which

巩固练习：用适当代关系词填空

1. I have a friend ________ likes listening to classical music.

2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress __________ I gave her.

3. The man ______ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.

（六）只能用that,不能用which的情况：

(1)先行词为all, everything，anything，nothing, something, nothing ,few, little, much, the one 等不定代词时；

(2)先行词被形容词最高级所修饰或被the only, the very, the last, any, few, little , no, all, one of 等修饰时：

(3)先行词为数词或被序数词（含last)修饰时。

（4）先行词是并列词组既有人又有物时。

(5)在以who, which开头的句子中为了避免重复。

口诀：不定代词这一伙，全用that准没错

先行词前有修饰，千万不能用which.

请在以下例句中体会以上规则：

1. Here is something that I will tell you.

2.We haven’t got much that we can offer you.

3. Is it the one that you want ?

4.This is the most interesting story that I have ever heard.