强调句型重点用法例析
强调句型重点用法例析
巩勃
英语中“It is/was +被强调部分+who/that+其它”是强调句型的基本构成。这种结构在中学英语课本中频频出现，引起高考命题者的格外关注。
强调句的基本句型是：“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who从句。”可强调的句子成分通常为主语,状语,宾语等,不能用来强调谓语动词, 表语(主语补语), 定语，让步状语, 条件状语等。被强调部分可以是单词，短语，也可以是从句。
一、具体用法:
强调句的基本构成：It is/was + 被强调的部分+ who（主要指人时）/that + 其余部分[注意1]
这种结构可以强调句子的主语、宾语、状语（包括时间，地点，方式，原因等），但是不能强调谓语动词。
原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来时态，用It is…that/who….；
原句的谓语动词如果是过去时态，用It was…that/who….；
强调时间、地点、原因或方式时不要用when, where或how, 必须用that。
[例句1]
I saw him in the street yesterday afternoon.
→It was I who saw him in the street yesterday afternoon.（强调主语）
→It was in the street that I saw him yesterday afternoon.（强调地点状语）
→It was yesterday afternoon that I saw him in the street.（强调时间状语）
→It was him that/who I saw in the street yesterday afternoon.（强调宾语）
[例句2]
He d idn’t go to bed until his mother came back.
→It was not until his mother came back that he went to bed.
He didn’t do his homework until his father came back from work.
→It wasn’t until his father came back from work that he did his homework.
[例句3]
Only when you nearly lose someone do you fully realize how much you value him.
→It is only when you nearly lose someone that you fully realize how much you value him.
只有你快要失去某个人时，你才意识到你是多么尊重他。
[例句4]
I was late again because the traffic was very heavy during the rush hour.
→It was because the traffic was very heavy during the rush hour that I was late again.
强调句中只能强调由because引导的原因状语从句，because不能换成since, as, for, now that 等。
[注意2]强调句的疑问结构
一般疑问句Is / Was it +被强调部分+who / that …?
特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+is /was +it +who / tha t…?
What is/was it that…?
Who is/was it that…?
When is/was it that…?
Where is/was it that…?
Why is/was it that…?
How is/was it that…?
[例句1]
I saw him in the street yesterday afternoon.
→When was it th at you saw him in the street?
→Who was it that you saw in the street yesterday afternoon?
→Where was it that you saw him yesterday afternoon?
[例句2]
I don’t know when he will come back.
→I don’t know when it is that he will come back.（宾语从句疑问词后用陈述句语序）
–How was it that you got in touch with Mr. Smith? 你是怎么和Smith先生联系上的？
–Trough a friend of mine. 通过一个朋友。
二、强调句型使用的场合
1.强调句型用于强调陈述句。
形式：It is/was + 被强调部分+ that/who…
例：（1）It was there, the police believe,___ she was able to activate the recorder she kept in her bag .
A. until
B. which
C. that
D. when
解析：选C 被强调部分为地点状语there，the police believe为插入语
（2）It was after he got what he had desired___ he realized it was not so important.
A. that
B. when
C. since
D. as
解析：选A 被强调的是时间状语after he got what he had desired
2.强调句型用于强调一般疑问句。
形式：Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who…?
例： Was it form the lake___ he often went fishing___ he saved the drowning girl?
A. that; that
B. where; where
C. where;that
D. that; where
解析：选C 解答此题关键是能够对句型进行正确的分析和判断。本题题干为一个强调句式，it was +被强调部分+that/who，lake后面是个定语从句，由关系副词where引导，第二空才是强调句中的that。
注意：如果该句型用于宾语从句中，应使用陈述语序。
3.强调句型用于强调特殊疑问句。
形式：疑问词（Wh-）+ is/was it that+其他部分
I really don’t know ___ I had my money stolen.
A. when was it that
B. that it was when
C. where it was that
D. it was where that
解析：选C 强调句作know的宾语，语序应为陈述句语序，被强调部分为where，但是强调句为宾语从句时，这类wh-连接代词或副词常置于it之前，作宾语从句的连接词。
注意：如果该句型用于宾语从句中，应使用陈述语序。
4.强调句型用于强调not…until…句型
形式：It is/was not until +被强调部分+that+其他成分
例:（1） It was not until she got home ___Jennifer realised she had lost her keys.
A. when
B.that
C.where
D.before 、
解析：选B 考查强调句中对not until的强调；是否能辨析出引导词that.
（2）.___the catastrophe happened that the local government realized the importance of substantial development.
A. It was until
B. Not until
C. Until
D.It was not until
解析：选D。考查强调句中not until的用法.考查了 It was not until the catastrophe happened that .
5.变式强调句型
变式1 It must /may/might/ be+被强调部分+that …
变式2 It must/may/might have been+被强调部分+that…
变式3 It can’t/couldn’t be + 被强调部分+that…
变式4 Could/can it be +被强调部分+that…
如：It might be his father that you’ve been thinking of.
It must have been his brother that you saw.
It can’t be your book that he is reading.
Could it be Tom that is making the noise?
6.几种特殊的强调句型的理解与使用
1）It’s…, not… who …是……而不是……,例如：
It is you, not he, who/that are to meet him at the airport.
2）It is/was not… but… that…不是……而是……, that后的动词应与but后的名词或代词保持人称和数的一致，例如：
It is not who is right but what is right____ is of importance.
A.which
B. it
C. that
D. this 答案为 C
3） It is /was … not… that, 或It is/was… that…, not…,,是……而不是……, that 后的动词应与not前的名词或代词保持一致。例如:
It is the ability to do the job that matters, not where you come from or what you are.
It is the way you speak not what you say that matters.
4）It is /was… rather than… that, 是……而不是……,that后的动词应与rather than前的名词或代词保持人称和数的一致。例如：
It is the prevention of disease rather than its successful treatment that led to the rapid increase of the world’s population.
7. 强调句型中套用定语从句
形式：It is/was + 被强调部分+关系代词/副词+定语从句+that+其他成分例如：
It was the training ____he had as a young man____ made him such a good engineer.
A. what; that
B. that; what
C. that ; which
D. which; that
该题中第一空是定语从句，the training作了he had的宾语，所以选用which;第二空是It was…+被强调部分（the training）+that…的强调句型。所以答案为D。
---Where did you get to know her?
--- It was on the farm___ we worked.
A.that
B. there
C. which
D. where
答案为D。该题是被强调部分后跟了由where引导的定语从句，省略了“that I got to know her”。
——I can’t find Mr. Smith. Where did you meet him this morning?
------It was in the hotel ____ he stayed (that I met him).
A. where
B. which
C. the one
D. that 答案为A
三、强调句型与其他带有it 的复合句型的区别：
（1）与主语从句的区别：
It is there that accidents often happen. （强调句）
It is a fact that English is being accepted as international language. （主语从句）
强调句与主语从句虽然在形式上很相似，都含有It is/was… that…,但是它们有一个很重要的区别，强调句去掉It is /was …that之后，句子结构仍然完整，而主语从句却不能这样，所以第一个句子可改为“Accidents often happen there.”。而第二个却不能改为“A fact English is being accepted as an international language.”。
(2) 与定语从句的区别
It is novels that Miss Williams enjoys reading.
该句强调宾语，句意为：威廉姆斯女士喜欢读的是小说。
It is a question that needs careful consideration.
该句是定语从句，that 在从句中作主语，句意是：这是一个需要仔细考虑的问题。
由此可见，强调句中that没有意义，在句中不作任何成分，而定语从句中that作关系代词，在从句中要充当一个句子成分。
（3）与状语从句的区别：
A.强调句与It is/was +时间+when从句
此句型中it指时间，when引导的是时间状语从句。
It was at 6 o’clock that I got up today.
It was 6 o’clock when I got up today.
第一句为强调句型，强调时间状语，介词at与时间名词6o’clock一起作状语。第二句是状语从句，it是指时间，时间名词6o’clock作表语，when引导时间状语从句。
由此可见，时间名词前若有介词，该句就为强调句型，反之就是when引导的时间状语从句。
B.强调句型与It is +时间+since从句
It is…since…表示“自从……以来已有……（时间）”。该句型中since从句中用一般过去式。所以注意两个句型中时态一般不同。
试比较：
It was two years ago that I began to learn English.我是两年前才开始学英语的。
It is two hours that he spends on English every day.他每天花2个小时学英语。
It is 2 years since I began to learn English.自从我开始学英语已经两年了。
C．强调句型与It is/was not long before…从句的区别：
It was two years before he came back from abroad.
It was two years later that he came back from abroad.
两个句子都意为“他是两年后回国的。”，第一句中的it指时间，before引导的是时间状语从句；第二句为强调结构、强调状语two years later.。
四、使用强调句型应注意的几点
1.被强调的是状语或状语从句时要用that引导从句，而不能用which, when, where 。例如：
It was along the Mississippi River ____ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.
A.how
B. which
C. that
D. where （答案为C）
2.被强调的是人时，引导词可用who也可用that。例如：
It was Xiao Ming who/that took his bag away.
3．被强调的不管是单数还是复数名词，主句的be动词都用单数is或was。例如：
It was Madame Curie and her husband who discovered radium.
4.被强调成分是主语，who／that之后的谓语动词应该在人称和数上与原句中的主语保持一致。如：
It is I who am right．
It is he who is wrong．
It is the students who are lovely．
5.如果被强调的成分有同位语，同位语也应提前。
It was from him，his chemistry teacher，that Paul learned to watch carefully in class．
6.被强调成分是作主语的代词，用主格，是作宾语的代词，用宾格
It was he that helped me yesterday.
It was me that he helped yesterday.
7.被强调部分既包括人又包括物，用that不用who
It was the things and people that they remembered that they were talking about．五、常见强调句型经典练习归类
（一）强调句型的强调部分必须是对 that / who 之后句子的某一成分表示强调，如果把 "It is (was)...that "去掉，该句应该意思完整，不缺任何句子成分：
1. Is it _____ who wants to see you.
A. him
B. he
C. his
D. himself
2. It was _____ who respected all their teachers.
A. them
B. their
C. they
D. themselves
3. --- What is Mary ? --- Was it _____ that you were referred to ?
A. he
B. she
C. her
D. they
4. It _____ Mike and Mary who helped the old man several days ago .
A. was
B. are
C. were
D. had been
5. It _____ at Christmas that John Smith gave Mary a handbag.
A. must have
B. will be
C. might have been
D. may have had
6. ---Was that new school master who walked by ? --- _____.
A. It must be that
B. It must have been
C. He must be
D. This must have been 【题解】强调部分如果是人称代词，应根据句子需要选择它的主格或宾格形式：如第⒈⒉⒊小题。注意谓语动词形式与整个句子语境的一致性：如第⒋⒌⒍小题。
（二）强调部分为疑问词时：
7. _____ electricity plays an important part in our daily life ?
A. Why was it that
B. Why is it that
C. Why is it
D. Why it is that
8. Who was it _____ wanted to see me just now ?
A. that
B. who
C. when
D. when
9. _____ you met the foreigner from Canada ?
A. Where it was that
B. Who it was that
C. Where was it that
D. Where was that 【题解】强调部分为疑问代词或疑问副词时，该强调句句型结构与特殊疑问句句型相同，即：疑问词 + 一般疑问句”
（三）强调部分为 " not ... until " 句型：
10. It was not until late in the evening _____ her husband arrived home .
A. which
B. when
C. that
D. how
11. It was not until 1920 _____ regular radio broadcasts began.
A. which
B. when
C. that
D. since
12. It was not __ she took off her dark glasses __ I realized she was a famous film star.
A. when ; that
B. until ; that
C. until ; when
D. when ; then 【题解】注意 " not ... until " 句型的变化。比较下列三个句子：
She didn't remember her appointment with the doctor until she had arrived home. It was not until she had arrived home that she remembered her appointment with the doctor.
Not until she had arrived home did she remember her appointment with the doctor. （四）复合句中的强调句型：
13. I can't quite remember _____ you started doing the work .
A. that it was when
B. when it was that
C. when was it that
D. that was it when
14. She wants to know if it is 600 miles an hour _____ the newest plane can go.
A. which
B. that
C. when
D. on which
15. Was it _____ he was seriously ill that he didn't come to school yesterday .
A. although
B. that
C. because
D. since
16. It was only when I reread his poems recently _____ I began to appreciate their beauty .
A. until
B. that
C. then
D. so
17. _____ he came back home that we knew what had happened .
A. When it was
B. It was when
C. Was it when
D. When was it
18. It was the training _____ he had as a young man _____ made him such a good engineer.
A. what ; that
B. that ; what
C. that ; which
D. which : that
19. It was _____ he said _____ disappointed me at that time.
A. what ; that
B. that ; that
C. what ; what
D. that ; what 【题解】当强调部分为从句或含从句的短语时，应首先确定它在句子中的作用。第⒔⒕小题为宾语从句；第⒖⒗⒘小题为状语从句,此时不能对 for, as , since , although 引导的从句表示强调; 第⒙小题的强调部分又被一个由 which 引导的定语从句修饰; 第⒚小题的强调部分则为 what 引导的主语从句。
（五）强调部分为介词短语：
20. It was through Jack _____ Mary got to know Bob .
A. who
B. whom
C. how
D. that
21. It was _____ great care that they did the job.
A. for
B. about
C. with
D. in
22. It was on October 1st 1949 _____ new China was founded .
A. which
B. when
C. as
D. that
23. Was it in this palace _____ the last emperor died ?
A. that
B. in which
C. in where
D. which
24. It was the school gate ______ I met an old friend of mine after class .
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. why
【题解】强调部分为介词短语时，①应特别注意能引起误解的干扰选项，如第20小题；②表示时间或地点时，应注意与定语从句的区别，如第24小题。
25、（2011四川卷）15. Was it on a lonely island ____ he was saved one month after the boat went down?
A. where
B. that
C. which
D. what
26、（2011陕西卷）23.It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we
do______benefits our work most.
A. who
B. which
C. that
D. what
27、（2011重庆卷）32.—Have you seem the film Under the Hawthorn Tree?
— Of course, I have. It was in our village _______ it was made.
A.that
B.where
C.when
D.which
28、(2011湖南卷)35 It’s not what we do once in a while __ shapes our lives, but what we do consistently
A .which B. that C. how D. when
答案： 1B 2 C 3 C 4 A 5 C 6 B 7 B 8 A 9C
10 C 11 C 12 B 13 B 14 B 15 C 16 B 17 B 18 D 19
A 20 D 21 C 22 D 23 A 24 C 25
B 26
C 27A 28 B
最新中考英语重点短语归纳资料
中考英语重点短语归纳 1.put down 放下shut down 把…关上cut down砍掉come down下来、落下slow down 减缓、放慢sit down坐下write down写下get down下来,降落 2.after all毕竟.终究after that于是.然后day after day日复一日地one after another相继.挨次soon after不久以后the day after tomorrow后天 3. come up with找到、提出catch up with赶上wake up弄醒、醒来send up发射open up开设、开办grow up长大pick up拾起、捡起hands up举手eat up吃光clean up打扫干净give up doing sth.=stop doing sth.放弃做某事 4.arrive at/in + n.到达get to +n.到达reach + n.到达arrive / get +adv.到达 5.get…back退还,送回去.取回give back归还come back回来at the back of在…的后面on the way (back)home在回家路上 6. at least至少at breakfast早餐时at desk在桌前at once立刻,马上at school在上学at the same time同时at work在工作be good at=do well in 善长laugh at嘲笑not…at all一点也不at first起初at night在晚上at noon中午.at the age of // when sb. was…years old 在…岁时at last / in the end / finally 最后、终于.at the beginning of the twenty-first century在21世纪初,at the end of 在…终点、结尾at the moment // now现在at the foot of在…脚下at Christmas在圣诞节at any moment任何时候at times(sometimes)有时,偶尔at the doctor’s在医务室be bad at不善长 7.for example例如for ever永远be good for对…有益be bad for对…有害for long=for a long time长期be short for是…的简称TV is short for “television” 8. come true实现come down下来come from=be from来自,出生于come in/into进入,进来come on赶快come over过来come along走吧,过来,快点,come and go来来去去come up上来come out出来，(花)开，9.even though=even if即使、虽然、尽管 10. be pleased with对…感到满意be covered with被…覆盖be expected to do sth.被期望做某事be proud of 以…自豪speak highly of 称赞be afraid of害怕hear of听说(hear from sb.收到某人的来信)of cause=certainly当然可以plenty of= a lot of许多 11.by the way顺便说by oneself单独,独自by the end of到…为至by the time(引起时间状语从句)到…的时候one by one依次by air / plane乘飞机by bus / train / car 乘公共汽车/火车/轿车(catch a bus赶公交车get on / off the bus上/下车take a bus to…=go to …by bus乘车去) 12.do / try one’s best尽力do one’s homework做家庭作业do (the/some) shopping购物do the cooking烹饪do some cleaning打扫do the / some washing洗衣服do sport 做运动do with sb / sth.处理well done干得好13.early in the morning一大早in the early spring初春in my early days我幼年时期early bus早班车14.make a contribution to贡献给、捐献make a telephone call to sb. // ring sb. up // give sb. a call // phone sb.给某人打电话connect…to…把…与…连接起来be close to 靠近(某地) give birth to生(孩子) lose to sb输给sb . 15.either…or…不是…就是..on either side of the street街道任何一边(on each side of the street街道每一边on both sides of the street街道两边) 16.keep doing sth.不停地做某事(表示状态继续)keep on doing sth. 坚持做某事(表示动作反复进行)practise doing sth.练习做某事enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事finish doing sth.做完某事go on doing sth.继续做某事(同一件事) 17.go on to do sth.接着做某事(另一事) go straight along 沿着…一直往前走, go down下降, go for a walk散步, go over复习, go shopping买东西, go to the cinema去看电影, go well进展顺利, go off to动身前往, go out外出, go to work去上班, go up上升, want a go 想试一试 18. think about考虑(think of 认为、想起、考虑、想到think over仔细考虑think out想出)talk about谈论, worry about担心, How / What about…?…怎么样? 19.borrow…from …从…借….(lend…to…把…借给…)from door to door挨家挨户, from time to time时时, from now on 从今以后, from then on 从那以后, be different from与…不同, learn…from…向…学习 20.get dressed穿衣, get into进入, get / be lost丢失, get off / on下/上车, get on well with sb.与某人相处得好, get out of从…出来, get ready for +n.为…做准备, get ready to do sth.准备做某事, get / go to sleep (fall asleep)入睡, (be asleep睡着) get warm 变暧, get well康复, get a chance 有机会、得到机会 21. look for 寻找, wait for等候, look after=take care of照看, look like看起来像, look over检查,复习, look out小心,从里向外看, look the same看起来一样, look up向上看,查单词, look around环视look forward to期望, look through温习,检查 22. set off 出发、动身, put off 推迟, keep off 避开、不靠近…drop off放下(某物),turn off关, jump off跳离, take off脱(衣),(飞机)起飞 23. half a kilo半千克, half an hour半小时, in half分成两半, 24. leave a message for sb.给某人留条, give / take sb. a message给某人捎口信 25. take part in参加, hand in上交, in hospital住院, in surprise吃惊地, in the sun在阳光下, in trouble处于困境, in a minute / moment马上 26 feed on 以…为主食, live on继续活着, base on以…为根据, carry on坚持、继续下去, and so on 等等, on the other hand另一方面,on foot 步行 27.be famous for以..著名, be excited about +n./V-ing对…感到兴奋, be interested in 对…感兴趣, be born出生, be busy with sth.—be busy doing sth.忙于 be amazed at 对..感到惊讶28. leave for动身去某地29. learn by oneself / teach oneself自学, learn by heart背熟30. a year and a half (one and a half years ) 29.move away移开, move to(搬)移到30.search the Internet上网31.in the first第一, for the first time第一次, at first起初, a firs t language母语, first of all首先32.make sure 确信, make a dialogue编对话, make a mistake犯错误(by mistake由于疏忽) make a noise吵闹, make faces做鬼脸, make friends (with)和..交朋友, make room for给..让地方, make tea沏茶, make money赚钱, make a decision作出决定 https://www.360docs.net/doc/138616153.html,ed to do sth过去常常做某事, be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事34. leave sth+介词短语“把……忘记在某处” 35.forget to do sth.忘记做某事, encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事, decide to do sth.决定做某事, allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事 36.hear sb. to do (doing)sth.听见某人做某事37.help sb. (to) do sth .//help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事, with one’s help在某人的帮助下, with pleasure乐意
高中英语句型大全
高中英语句型归纳 1. be doing/ be about to do/ had done…, when…(when：这时, 强调一个动作的突然发生) 1).I was walking along the river, when I heard a drowning boy cry for help. 2). I was about to leave when it began to rain. 3). I had just finished my test paper when the bell rang, announcing the exam was over. 2. It was (not ) + 时间段+before +一般过去时过了一段时间就…….. It will (not )be+ 时间段+before +一般现在时要过一段时间才会… It is/ has been +时间段+ since….. It was +点时间+ when….. It was +时间状语+ that …..（强调句） 1). It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position.不久他就意识到他处境危险（动作已发生） 2). It will be half a year before you graduate from the school. 还有半年你才从这个学校毕业（动作未发生） 3). It is 3 years since he worked here.=he left here.（since从句中的谓语动词若是延续性动词，要从这个动作结束的时候算起） 4). It was 3 o’clock when they rece ived the telephone. 5) It was at 3 o’clock that they received the telephone. 3. no +比较级 +than: A 与B都不……… /仅仅，只有 Not+比较级 +than: A 不如B / 不超过，至多 more……… than……… 与其….倒不如……(= not as/ so……..as……) more than=not only 不仅仅…….. 1). He works no harder than I.他和我都不用功 2). He doesn’t work harder than I.他不如我用功 3). There are no more than seven people in the room. 屋里仅有七个人 4). There are not more than seven people in the room. 屋里至多有七个人 5). He is more diligent than clever. 与其说他聪明，倒不如说他勤奋 6)It is more like a meeting than like a party.--> It is not as a party as a meeting 7).Mr. Zhang is more than my teacher, he is also my best friend. 张先生不仅仅是我的老师，他还是我的朋友 4. once…..一旦….., 表示时间和条件 1)Once you understand what the teacher explained, you will have no difficulty doing the work. 2).Once you have decided to do something, you should finish it and do it well. 5. The +比较级…….，the +比较级……..越……, 越…… 1) The more books you read, the more knowledge you will get. 2)The busier he is, the happier he feels. 6. as if/ as though…..（表示与事实相反，用虚拟；若表示即将成为事实或有可能成为事实，则用陈述语气） 1). He was in great trouble, but he acted as if nothing had happened. 2). Although they just met for the first time, they talked as if they had been
高中英语重点句型总结
Lesson 1 关键句型全总结（一）关键句型一：关于写信询问某事的句型（以本题为例） 1．I’m writing to request more information about the day tour to London. 2. I’m writing for more information about the day tour to London. 关键句型二：关于询问具体细节的句型（以本题为例） 1. I’d like to know if you have any special pric es for students. 2. What about time for shopping? Is it included in the schedule? 3. As for lunch, is it included in the price? 4. Can you tell me more details about the trip? 5. Please let me know the scheduled return time. 6. I wonder if you could tell me more about the trip. 7. I also want to know how long the tour will last. 8. I have one final question, is there any time scheduled for shopping? Lesson 2 关键句型全总结（二）关键句型一：表达个人观点的句型（以本题为例） 1. In my opinion,…在我看来……。 2． As far as I am concerned,…就我看来……。 3. Personally,…我个人认为……。 4. From my point of view，…在我看来……。 5. I think (that)…我认为……。 6.As I see it.…在我看来……。 关键句型二：阐述论据的句型（以本题为例） 1. For one reaso n…For another reason… 一个大原因是……。另一个原因是……。 2. What’s mor e…此外…。 3. On the one hand, …on the other hand,… 一方面……，另一方面……。 Lesson 3 关键句型全总结（三）关键句型一：表示肯定的句型（以本题为例） 1. I’m sure you’ll like the delicious Chinese food here! 2. I believe you will find Chinese food delicious. 3. I’m convinced that you’ll love Chinese food.
18个文言虚词的用法及其举例
初中语文文言文虚词总结随着中考改革的逐步深入，对文言虚词的考查将更加注重理解和运用，不再考查那些烦顼的词法、句法等古汉语知识。纵观近年各地中考试题，文言虚词的考查主要包括三个方面的容：一是虚词在语境中的意义；二是虚词在朗读中的作用；三是文言句子的翻译。前两种是对文言虚词的显性考查，后一种是对文言虚词的隐性考查。 要掌握常用文言虚词的意义和用法，我们不妨从以下几个方面着手：①识记常用文言虚词的基本意义和用法；②结合语句翻译确定该文言虚词在句中的意义；③根据文言虚词在语句中的作用，巧妙地用现代汉语中的词语来替代；④先多朗读，体会语气，再进行判断。 「考点梳理」 在初中阶段常用的文言虚词大致有四类：一类是起指代作用的，如“之、其、何”；第二类是起组合作用的，如“以、于、为”；第三类是起连接作用的，如“而、则、乃”；第四类是起语助作用的，如“也、乎、夫、焉”。其中最为重要的文言虚词有“之、其、而、以、于”。为便于同学们复习，现就初中常见的文言虚词中最为重要的文言虚词，结合具体实例对其用法作简要分析。 之1、代词，代人，译为：他，他们。例：愿陛下亲之信之。（《出师表》） 2、代词，代事，译为：这，它。例：肉食在者谋之。（《刿论战》 3、代词，代物，译为：它，它们。例：太医以王命聚之。（《捕蛇者说》） 4、指示代词，译为：这。例：有良田、美池、桑竹之属。（《桃花源记》） 5、助词，用于定语和中心语之间，译为：的。例：燕雀安知鸿鹄之志哉。
（《涉世家》） 6、助词，用于主谓结构之间，无实在意义，不译。例：虽我之死，有子存焉。（《愚公移山》） 7、助词，作宾语倒装标志，无实在意义，不译。例：何陋之有。（《陋室铭》） 8、助词，用于凑足音节，无实意，不译。例：公将鼓之。（《刿论战》） 9、动词，作谓语，译为：去，往。例：吾欲之南海。（《为学》）（注：此处作实词） 以1、介词，与后面的词或短语一起构成介宾短语，充当状语或补语，其译意较多。 ①译为：把，拿。例：医之好治不病以为功。（《扁鹊见蔡桓公》） ②译为：用，拿。例：以刀劈狼首。（《狼》） ③译为：凭，靠。例：何以战。（《刿论战》） ④译为：根据，按。例：策之不以其道。（《马说》） ⑤译为：因为。例：不以物喜，不以已悲。（《楼记》） 2、作连词，表示顺承、目的、结果等。 ①可译为：来，而。例：属予作文以记之……（《楼记》） ②也可译为：以致。例：恐托付不效，以伤先帝之明。（《出师表》） 3、作副词，表示时间，译为：已，已经。例：固以怪之矣。（《涉世家》） 4、动词，用作谓语，译为：以为，认为。例：愚以为宫中之事……（《出师表》）（注：此处作实词） 而1、作连词，表示并列、顺承、转折、假设关系。 ①表示并列关系，译为：并且，而且。例：黑质而白章。（《捕蛇者说》）
中考常用词组归纳
break away from break down break out break in break up bring about bring back bring out bring up call for call on call off call at carry on carry out come across come up with come on come out cut in cut up cut down cut off die out die down die of/from get into get on get off get over get along with get about get through give in give up give out give away give off go in/out go against go through go over go on go off keep away from keep up with keep back keep off look after look out look up to look down upon look through look up look forward to look into pick up cheer up hurry up clean up eat up stay up wake up fix up dress up grow up mix up end up run out (of) try out work out clear out find out hang out help out take care of take on take off take up take after take over take in take down make up make out be made of be made from put on put away put off put up put out set up set aside set out set off turn up turn down turn on turn off turn in turn into turn out
高中英语句子成分详细归纳
英语五种基本句型列式如下： 一：ＳＶ（主＋谓） 二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表） 三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾） 四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），动词不定式，动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！ 谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come.
此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 Ｓ│ Ｖ（不及物动词） 1. The sun │was shining.太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5. Who │cares? 管它呢？ 6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，
(完整word版)完整高中英语句型归纳
高中英语句型归纳 1. There is no doing 结构。其意为“不可能…”、“无法…”： There’s no denying the fact. 这一事实不容否认。 There is no getting over the difficulty. 这困难无法克服。 There is no knowing what he will do next. 无法知道他下一步要干什么。 There was no telling when she would be back。没法知道她什么时候回来。 2. There is no difficulty in doing sth结构。意为“做某事没有困难”： There is no difficulty in finding his office. 找到了他的办公室没费一点劲。 There was no difficulty in carrying out the plan. 执行这项计划没什么困难。 3. There’s no doubt of sth. / dong sth / that … 结构。意为“毫无疑问…”： There is no doubt of his success. 毫无疑问他一定会成功。 There could be no doubt that he was one of the best writer in this country. 毫无疑问他是这个国家最优秀的作家之一。 4. There is no hurry (to do sth) 句式。其意为“不用急(于做某事)”： There’s no hurry to return the book. 现在不急于还书。 There’s no hurry, so do it slowly an d carefully. 不用赶时间，要慢慢细心地做。 5.There’s no need ( for sb. ) to do sth. …结构。其意为“不需要或不必要…”： There is no need for help. 不需要帮助。 There is no need for you to go. 你没有必要去。 8. There is no sense in doing sth 结构。意为“做某事没有道理或好处”： There’s no sense in criticizing him. 批评他也没有用。 There’s no sense in waiting three hours. 等三小时是不没有道理的。 9. There’s no point in doing sth 句式。意为“做某事没有用”： There’s no point (in) telling her about is. 告诉她没有用。 There’s no point in wasting time. 耗时间没用。 【注】以上有的结构中的no根据情况也可换成其他限定词： There is some difficulty in doing sth意为“做某事有些困难”。 There is much difficulty in doing sth意为“做某事许多困难”。 There’s a need for…意为“需要或有必要…”。 10 prefer (1) prefer to do sth 例：I prefer to stay at home. (2) prefer doing sth 例：I prefer playing in defence. (3) prefer sb to do sth 例：Would you prefer me to stay? (4) prefer to do sth rather than do sth ……宁愿…...而不愿.…". 例句：I prefer to stay at home rather than go out (5) prefer doing sth to doing sth 例：I prefer watching football to playing it. (6) prefer sth to sth 例：I prefer tea to coffee. 我要茶不要咖啡。 11. seem (1) It +seems + that从句例：It seemed that everyone was satisfied. (2) It seems to sb that --- 例：It seems to me that she is right. (3) There seems to be ---- 例：There seems to be a heavy rain. (4) It seems as if ---- 例：It seemed that she couldn't come to class. 12. 表示“相差……；增加了……；增加到……”句型： (1) She is taller than I by three inches. 她比我高三英寸 (2) There is one year between us. 我们之间相差一岁。 (3) She is three years old than I 她比我大三岁。 (4) They have increased the price by 50%. 他们把价格上涨了50% 13.too句型： (1) too．．．to do sth．例：Politics is too important to be left to the politicians． （＝Politics is so important that it can't be left to the politicians．） (2) can't … too +形容词无论……也不为过 例：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much. 14. 倍数句型： (1)倍数＋比较级＋than．．．， 例：The room is twice larger than that one． There is 30 times greater chance of being hit by lightening than being attacked by a shark. (2)倍数＋as＋原级＋as．．．，例：The room is three times as large as that one． (3)倍数＋the size ／height／length ／weight ／width of．．． 例：The room is three times the size of that one． 15. 感叹句型： (1) What a + Adj + N + S + V! 例：What an important thing it is to keep our promise! (2) How + Adj + a + N + V!（多么...！） 例：How important a thing it is to keep our promise! (3) How + S + V! 例句：How I want to go to Beijing. 16.情态动词should ,would, could, might, ought to完成时，表示过去本该做，打算做，想做而未做的事情． should have done =ought to have done 本应该做而没做
(完整版)虚词“其”用法例析
虚词“其”用法例析 虚词“其”用法例析 “其”在文言中使用频率很高，它常见用法是作代词，代人、代事或代物等。有时也可以作副词和连词等。现分类归纳如下： 一、作代词 “其”作代词时因其意义和用法不同可以分为以下几种情况。 （一）作一般代词，代人、代事或代物。 “其”作代词时一般代第三人称，且常作主谓短语的小主语或兼语。可译为“他”“它”或其复数。例如： 1、余嘉其能行古道。（《师说》译为“他”，指李蟠。） 2、故列叙时人，录其所述。（《兰亭集序》译为“他们”，指兰亭集会者。） 3、京师学者咸怪其无征。（《张衡传》译为“它”，指地动仪。） 4、后世之谬其传而莫能名者。（《游褒禅山记》译为“它们”，指古书。） 有时，“其”可以做句子的主语，例如： 1、其视下也，亦若是则已矣。（《逍遥游》译为“它”，指鹏。） 2、彼其于世，未数数然也。（同上，译为“他”，指宋荣子。） 有时，在一定语境中，还可以作第一人称。例如： 1、而余亦悔其随之而不得极夫游之乐也。（《游褒禅山记》译为“我自己”，作者王安石自指。） 2、入之愈深，其进愈难，而其见愈奇。（同上，译为“我们”。） 3、其无知，悲不几时，而不悲者无穷期矣。（《祭十二郎文》译为“我”） 4、吾实为之，其又何尤！（同上，译为“我”） 很少作第二人称，中学课本中仅一例。如： 不嫁义郎体，其往欲何云？（《孔雀东南飞》） （二）作领属性定语 “其”后如果是名词或名词性短语，则多为领属性定语。译为“他的”“它的”或其复数。例如： 1、今者项庄舞剑，其意常在沛公也。（《鸿门宴》译为“他的”指项庄的。） 2、群臣惊愕，尽失其度。（《荆轲刺秦王》译为“他们的”指群臣的。） 3、北冥有鱼，其名为鲲。（《逍遥游》译为“它的”指北冥之鱼。）
中考英语常用短语总结
中考英语短语总结(一)由be构成的词组 1)be back/in/out 回来/在家/外出 2)be at home/work 在家/上班 3)be good at 善于，擅长于 4)be careful of 当心，注意，仔细 5)be covered with 被……复盖 6)be ready for 为……作好准备 7)be surprised (at) 对……感到惊讶 8)be interested in 对……感到举 9)be born 出生 10)be on 在进行，在上演，（灯）亮着11)be able to do sth. 能够做…… 12)be afraid of (to do sth. that…) 害 怕……(不敢做……，恐怕……) 13)be angry with sb. 生(某人)的气 14)be pleased (with) 对……感到高兴 (满意) 15)be famous for 以……而著名 16)be strict in (with) 对….严格要求 17)be from 来自……，什么地方人 18)be hungry/thirsty 饿了/渴了 19)be worried 担忧 20)be worth doing值得做…… 21)be covered with 被…所覆盖…… 22)be in (great) need of (很)需要 23)be in trouble 处于困境中 24)be glad to do sth. 很高兴做…… 25)be late for ……迟到 26)be made of (from) 由……制成 27)be satisfied with 对……感到满意 28)be free 空闲的，有空 29)be (ill) in bed 卧病在床 30)be busy doing (with) 忙于做… (二)由come、get、give、go、look、put、set、take、turn构成的词组come 1)come back 回来 2)come down 下来 3)come in 进入，进来 4)come on 快，走吧，跟我来 5)come out出来 6)come out of 从……出来7)come up 上来 8)come from 来自…… 9)come about 发生 10)come to 到…来 11)come over 过来 12）come up to向…走来 get 1)get up 起身 2)get down取下 3)get ready for (=be ready for) 为……作好准备 4)get on (well) with 与……相处(融洽) 5)get back 返回 6)get rid of 除掉，去除 7)get in 进入，收集 8)get on/off 上/下(车，船，飞机等) 9)get to 到达 10)get there 到达那里 11) get out one’way to do sth. 特地做某事12）get in the way of妨碍 13) get sb. into trouble使某人陷入困境 14)get away from远离… give 1)give away 赠送 2)give out 颁发 3)give off 发出（气味等） 4)give back 归还，送回 5) give up 放弃 6)give in 屈服7)give sb. some advice给某人提建议 8)give a talk作报告 9)give lessons to sb. 给某人上课 10)give sb. a good beating 好好教训某人一 11)give sb. a hand 帮某人个忙
18个文言虚词用法例释
18 个文言虚词用法例释： 1．【而】。 本义阐析：“而”的意思很抽象，但它本来是个实词，指整个胡须，它的甲骨文就是胡须的形象。后来， “而”字用 作虚字，那是属于假借。 （1）连词 1）表并列，今译为：而且、又。 ① 蟹六跪而二螯，非蛇鳝之穴无可寄者（ 《劝学》）②剑阁峥嵘而崔嵬， 一夫当关，万夫莫开（ 《蜀道难》） ③北救赵而西却秦，此五霸之伐也（ 《信陵君窃符救赵》）④明智而忠信，宽厚而爱人，尊贤而重士。 《过秦论》 ⑤ 永州之野产异蛇，黑质而白章《捕蛇者说》 。 注：并列关系连词两侧的词语可以调换，调换后语意不发生变化。 2）表顺承，今译为：就、才、接着。 ① 故舍汝而旅食京师，以求斗斛之禄（ 《陈情表》［②置之地，拔剑撞而破之。 （《鸿 门宴》） ③人非生而知之者，孰能无惑（《师说》）④亡羊而补牢，未为迟也。 《战国策》。 ⑤余方心动欲还，而大声发于水上《石钟山记》 。 3） 表递进，译为：并且、而且。 ① 君子博学而日参省乎己《师说》 。②亚父受玉斗，置之地，拔剑撞而破之。 《鸿门宴》。 4） 表转折，今译为：却、但。例释： ① 青取之于蓝而青于蓝。《荀子？劝学》。②有如此之势，而为秦人积威之所劫（ 《六国论》）。 ③信也，吾兄之盛德而夭其嗣乎（《祭十二郎文》）。④园日涉以成趣，门虽设而常关《归去来兮辞》 。 ⑤郦元之所见闻，殆与余同，而言之不详《石钟山记》 。 5）表假设，今译为：如果、假使。例释： ① 诸君而有意，瞻予马首可也。 （《冯婉贞》）②死而有知，其几何离（《祭十二郎文》）。 ③人而无信，不知其可也。 《论语？为政》④秦以城求璧而赵不许，曲在赵《廉颇閵相如列传》 《游褒禅山记》）。②表恶其能而不用也（《赤壁之战》）。 《劝学》。④微波入焉，涵淡澎湃而为此也《石钟山记》 。 《劝学》）②填然鼓之，兵刃既接，弃甲曳兵而走（ 《寡人之于国也》） 。④念天地之悠悠，独怆然而涕下《登幽州台歌》 。 《阿房宫赋》［②籍吏民，封府库，而待将军（《鸿门宴》） 9） 表方位，今译为：以。例释： ①三代而下，有学而不问。 《问说》②由孔子而来，至今百有余岁《孟子》 10） 表示连接的前后两部分是陈述与被陈述的关系。 张溥《五人墓碑记》 ：“大阉之乱，缙绅而能不易其志者，四海之大，有几人欤？ （ 2 ）代词 1）第二人称，今译为：你（们） 、你（们）的。它与“尔”是同源字，在上古之时音近义通。例释： ①妪每谓予曰：“其所，而母立于兹。”《项脊轩志》。②业根，死期至矣！而翁归，自与汝复算耳！ 《促织》。 ③孰是君也，而可无死乎？《勾践灭吴》 。④蚤缫而绪，蚤织而缕《种树郭橐驼传》 。 2）近指代词，今译为：此、这样。 例释：何意出此言，同是被逼迫，君而妾亦然。 《孔雀东南飞》 （3）用作动词 （有书称之为“比况词” ），译为“如、好像、像” 。它与“如”是同源字，在上古时读音相近，意义相通。 ①荆人弗知，循表而夜涉，溺死者千有余人，军惊而坏都舍《察今》。②白头而新，倾盖而故，何则？知与不知也 《新序》。 （4） 音节助词，不译。例释：君子耻其言而过其行《论语》 。 （5） 语气词，用在句尾，今译为：啊、吧。例释：若敖氏之鬼，不其馁而。 楚国的若敖氏；馁：饿。若敖氏的鬼受饿了。比喻没有后代，无人祭祀。 （6） 通“耐”、“能”，今译为：能够、才能。例释： ① 行柔而刚，用弱而强《淮南子？原道训》 ② 故夫知效一官，行比一乡，德合一君而征一国者，其自视亦若此矣。 （7） 与“而”有关的复合虚词。 【而已】放在句末，表示限止的语气助词，相当于“罢了” 。①未几而摇头顿足者，得数十人而已（ 《虎丘记》［②闻道有 先后，术业有专攻，如是而已（《师说》）③我决起而飞，枪榆枋而止，时则不至，而控于地而已矣（ 《逍遥游》）。一桌、 一椅、一扇，一抚尺而已《口技》 。 【而后】才，方才。①臣鞠躬尽瘁，死而后已。②三月而后成。 6） 表因果，今译为：因而、所以。例 释： ①余亦悔其随之而不得极夫游之乐也（ ③玉在山而草木润，渊生珠而崖不枯。 7） 表修饰，今译为：着、地。例释： ①吾尝跂而望矣，不如登高之博见也（ ③怒而飞，其翼若垂天之云《逍遥游》 8）表示目的关系。 ①缦立远视，而望幸焉（ 左传 ?宣公四年》 （ 若敖鬼馁：若敖：指春秋时 ） 庄子 ?逍遥游》
高中英语常用重点句型
高中英语常用重点句型（一） 1．So+be/have等助动词/情态动词+主语―某人情况也是如此如： He has been to Britain. So have I. 他曾去过英国。我也去过。 I went swimming yesterday afternoon. So did my sister. 昨天下午我去游泳了。我妹妹也去了。 2．What about/How about+名词/代词/doing sth,/副词/状语从句 “………该怎么办？……做什么？”（用来征求对方意见或询问消息、提出建议等）What/How about going to France this summer? 夏天到法国去度假怎么样？ What/How about a walk in the woods?到林间散散步怎么样？ 3．……do as sb. does……―照某人那样去做‖ 如：You should do as the teacher tells you to . 你应该照你老师讲的那样去做。 When in Rome do as the Romans do.入乡随俗。 4、None of +名词/代词+do/does……―在……中没有任何一个做……‖ 如：None of the telephones can work。所有的电话都不能工作了。 None of them are/is interested in physics.他们中没有一个人对物理感兴趣。 5．Not +all+复数名词/不可数名词+are/is……―并非全部……‖；―并不是所有的……” 如：Not all the parts of the car will be made in the factory. 并不是所有的汽车部件都在这家工厂制造。 Not all the students can pass the exam. 并非所有的同学都能通过考试。 Not all factories here produce shirts. 这儿的工厂不都生产衬衣。 6、主语+系动词+the same as /the same…… as ……―和……一样‖ 如：The English teacher is the same age as my father.英语老师的年龄跟我父亲的一般大。My friend looks the same as before. 我朋友看起来没有多大变化。 7．It is /was+形容词+不定式―做某事是……” 如：It is wonderful to travel in that great forest. 在那片大森林里旅行，真是太美了。 It is very nice to meet you. 见到你真高兴。 8．主语+be about to do……+when…―……正要做某事时……” 如：This afternoon I was just about to go swimming when luckily our guide saw me and shouted at me……今天下午我正要下水去游泳，这时幸亏我们的向导看见我，对我大声喊道…… I was about to go to bed when there was a ring. 我正要睡觉，这时忽然电话铃响了。 9．What（a/an）+名词+主语+谓语！How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！ “多么……;……真是……”如： What a bad sight it was! 多么凄惨的一幅景象啊！ What dangerous fish they are! 这些鱼真凶恶！ What fine weather (it is)! /What a fine day (it is)! 多好的天气啊！ How silly the questions were! 那些问题真愚蠢！ 10．Isn’t it……？/Don’t you do……？（否定疑问句用来表示对某事感到吃惊或责备）如：Isn’t it comfortable to sit in the Chinese c hair? 坐在这把中国式的椅子上难道不舒服吗？ Don’t you see I’m one of yours?难道你看不出我是你们的同类吗？ 11．There is nothing but/except……―除了……外别无其他‖ 如：Under the soil there is nothing but/except sand. 土壤下面尽是沙子。 For miles and miles I could see nothing but/except a great fire and lots of smoke.