英语核心知识点梳理笔记

英语句子成分

主语谓语宾语定语状语表语同位语.

*主语*

主语是句子的核心成分之一。与其它成分比较，主语相对来说变化比较少，位置通常位于句首，倒装句时除外。大部分主语由名词、代词或名词短语充当，表示动作的施动者。但除了名词及代词之外，还有一些结构可以充当主语.

1)名词做主语

My love for you is deeper than the sea.我对你的爱比海深.

Many students didn't pass the exam.许多学生没有通过考试。

The young should show respect to the old.年轻人应该尊重老年人。*注*the young为形容词名词化)

代词做主语

That isn’t what I meant at all.那根本不是我的意思。

Yours is the best answer.你的答案最佳。

He broke the window immediately.他立即打破窗。

It will just take a few minutes.只需要几分钟。

3)数词做主语

Three is the ideal number for our small team.我们的小组三个人最为理想。

Two of them survived the accident.他们中的两个逃过了这场意外事故。

4)动名词做主语

Smoking can cause cancer.吸烟可致癌。

Talking to local people is a good way to learn English.与本土人讲话是学习英语的一个好方法。

5.)不定式做主语

To say something is one thing,to do it is another.说是一回事，做是另一回事。

To compromise should be advisable.妥协应该是明智的。

6）从句(即主语从句)

What you think is not right.你所想的是不对的。

Where we should go tomorrow is still not decided.我们还没决定明天去哪？

以上的词和结构覆盖了主语的绝大部分情况，但实际应用中，由于表达的需要，主语还可以是其它形式，比如副词，介词短语等。Before seven will be too early.七点钟之前太早了。

Slowly is exactly how he speaks.他说话就是慢吞吞的。"Power to the people"is their slogan.“一切权力归人民”是他们的口号。

当句子的主语是不定式、动名词或主语从句时，常常可以用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语移到句子后部。

*注*疑问代词也可以作主语，

e.g:What produce the energy?什么产生能量？

Which of the two methods is superior?这两种方法哪一种好？

用it作形式主语的好处是避免句子由于主语太长而显得头重脚轻。it作形式主语的各种英语句型。

1)*it作不定式的形式主语*

a)it+be+形容词+不定式

It is difficult to get there before dark.天黑以前赶到那里很困难。

It is better to get up early.早起会更好。

b)it+be+名词+不定式

It was his duty to attend to this matter.处理这个问题是他的责任。It is the file system's job to manage writing data between the disks and memory.在内存和磁盘上管理数据是文件系统要处理的东西。c)it+动词+宾语+不定式

It takes a lot of effort to recover the system.恢复系统不是一件容易的事情。

It makes me sad to hear that you have to go away.听说你一定要走，我很难过。

d)it+be+介词短语+不定式

It is against the law to steal.偷窃是犯法的。

2)it作动名词的形式主语

a)it+be+名词+动名词(常用的名词有no good,no use,nuisance, a waste,a wonder等)

It’s a wonder meeting you here!在这里遇见你真是个奇迹！

It’s no use doing a lot of work without thoughtful planning.没有考虑周到的计划而做一大堆工作是没用的。

b)it+be+形容词+动名词

It was very difficult getting everything ready in time.要及时做好一切准备很难。

Is it worthwhile hating each other over such a trifle?为了这么点事儿，你俩至于结冤吗？

c)其他情况

It doesn’t matter putting these two files together.把这两份文件放在一起没关系。

It doesn’t make any difference my being here.我是否在这儿并不能改变什么。（注:这里my为动名词的逻辑主语）

3)it作主语从句的形式主语

a)it+be+形容词+从句

It is clear that the chosen pattern is not the correct one.显然，所选择的图式是错误的。

It is doubtful whether this method is more scientific.这个方法是否更科学值得怀疑。

b)it+be+名词+从句

It is a pity that we shall have to leave tomorrow.我们明天必须离开，真是遗憾。