并列句

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用来说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。例如:
1) Light travels faster than sound.
光比声传播速度快。(说明事实)
2) The film is rather boring.
这部电影很乏味。(说明看法)
第二, 句中含有never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, rarely, barely, nothing, nobody, nowhere等词时, 应
well, ___ his favorite sport is badminton.
A. so
B. or
C. yet
D. fБайду номын сангаасr
3. 我们常用并列连词or, either…or…, otherwise 等连接选择并列句。 如: Either you leave this house or I’ll call the police. 4. 并列连词so, for等连接因果并列句。 如: It was late, so we went home.
5. 定语 ( Attributive )
常指修饰名词的词或短语。
常由形容词、形容词性物主代词、名词、数词、副词、
介词短语、动词不定式或分词短语等充当。 例如: 1. The black sweater is mine. 2. We have eight classes every day. 3. The coffee cup on the table is mine.
V. 句子的分类(按用途)
句子按用途可分为:
1. 陈述句 (Declarative Sentences) 2. 疑问句 (Interrogative Sentences) 3. 祈使句 (Imperative Sentences) 4. 感叹句 (Exclamatory Sentences)
1. 陈述句(Declarative Sentences)
2) What a silly question he asked! 3) How cool it is today! 4) How hard the students are working!
4. 疑问句(Interrogative Sentences)
用来提出问题, 有以下四种: a. 一般疑问句(General Questions):常指用 yes或no回答的句子,常把助动词be、have、do或 情态动词等提到主语之前,例如:
2. 谓语 ( Predicate )
说明主语“做什么” “是什么” 或 “怎么样”。 通常由动词或动词短语结合时态、语态、语气等充当。 要弄清两个概念: 及物动词:后面直接接宾语的动词; 不及物动词:后面不能直接接宾语的动词。 例如: 1. Children like playing games. 2. They were talking about a new film.
hasn’t he?
2) I don’t think he will go to America, will he?
2. 陈述部分为祈使句时,不论祈使句是肯定形式还是 否定形式,反意疑问句部分通常用will you; 但let’s 引起的祈使句的反意疑问句部分通常用shall we。 例如:
1) Come here this evening, will you?
6. 状语 ( Adverbial )
常指修饰动词、形容词或副词的成分,修饰动词时
表示动作发生的时间、地点、目的或方式等;修饰
形容词或副词时表示它们的程度等。状语常由副词、
介词短语、动词不定式或分词短语等充当。
例如: 1. The miners work very hard. 2. She often helps Mike at school. 3. Hearing the news, he couldn’t help jumping.
视为否定句。例如:
1) I could hardly hear anything.
2) He rarely comes to see me.
3) None of us has been to Beijing. 4) I saw nothing in the darkness. 5) We could find her nowhere.
7. 宾语补足语 ( Object Complement )
常指补充说明宾语的成分,逻辑上与宾语是“主谓”
关系。常由形容词、名词、介词短语、动词不定式
或分词短语等充当。
例如: 1. She keeps the house clean every day. 2. Nobody calls me a liar.
3. 宾语 ( Object )
常指及物动词或介词后面使之意思完整的词或短语。
常由名词、代词、动词不定式或动名词短语等充当。 例如: 1. She has finished doing the experiment. 2. We like English and are good at it.
4. 表语 ( Predicative )
与系动词连用,一起构成谓语,说明主语的性质特征等。 常由名词、代词、形容词、数词、短语或从句等充当。 英语中常见的连系动词有: look; sound; feel; seem等。
例如:
1. Her grandfather is an engineer. 2. The two countries were at war then. 3. The fact seems that he didn’t notice the car.
3. We last saw him playing on the playground.
III. 简单句的五种基本句型
1)主 + 动 例如: I work. 我工作。 2)主 + 动 + 表 例如: John is busy. 约翰忙。 3)主 + 动 + 宾 例如: She studies English. 她学英语。
例如:Do come earlier, please! 有些祈使句还可以没有动词。例如:Silence! No parking!
3. 感叹句(Exclamatory Sentences)
表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪,常用what 或how来引导。常见的句型结构是:
1.How +形容词+ a +名词+ 陈述语序 2,How+形容词或副词+ 陈述语序 3,What +名词+ 陈述语序 4,What+a+形容词+名词+ 陈述语序 5,What+ 形容词+复数名词+ 陈述语序 6,What+ 形容词+不可数名词+ 陈述语序 1) What good news it is!
II. 句子成分详解
1. 主语 ( Subject )
表示句子说的是“什么人” 或 “什么事”。 通常由名词、代词、主语从句或动名词短语等充当。
例如: 1. My teacher hates telling lies. (指老师这个人) 2. Great changes have taken place in China in the past thirty years. (所发生的事情— 变化)
2. Harry likes eggs, but he doesn’t like
chicken.
3. 复合句
说明:由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成 的句子,从句是主句的一个成分。 例句:1. I believe you are right. 2. If he studies harder, he will pass the exam.
注意:
1. 在“祈使句 + and/or + 陈述句”结构中,当前后
两部分为承接关系时,用and;前后意思为相反
关系时,用or。如果将前面的祈使句转换成由
if引导的条件状语从句, 要将and 或or 去掉。
例如: Hurry up, and we’ll be there in time.
= If we hurry up, we’ll be there in time. 2. 并列连词so 不能与because连用; 并列连词 but不能和although或 though连用。
连接联合并列句,用not only…but also… 时, 前面一句要用部分倒装 。例如: 1)Use your head, and you’ll find a way. 2)Not only does he want to come, but the
students also need him. 2. 我们常用并列连词but, while, yet等连接转折并列句。 例如:John plays basketball
例如:
1) Work is a big part of your life, isn’t it?
2) They all had a good time, didn’t they?
3) She dislikes pets, doesn’t she?
4) He doesn’t know her, does he?
2. 祈使句(Imperative Sentences)
用来提出请求,建议或发出命令,肯定的祈使句
用动词原形开头,否定的祈使句用Don’t 或 Never +
动词原形开头。例如: 1. Sit down, please! 2. Don’t be nervous! 有时为了加强语气还可以在动词前面用上助动词do。
2) Don’t make a noise, will you?
2. Tom and I found her there.
3. We all breathe, eat and work.
2. 并列句
说明:由并列连词(如:and, so, but, or等)把
两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的
句子。
例句:1. I often help her and she helps me, too.
Can you finish the work in time?
你能按时完成工作吗? b. 特殊疑问句(Special Questions):指用 疑问词开头的疑问句,不能用yes或no回答,例如: Where do you live? 你住哪儿?
c. 选择疑问句(Alternative Questions):
4)主 + 动 + 宾 + 补 例如: Time would prove me right. 时间会证明我是对的。 5)主 + 动 + 间宾 + 直宾 例如: My mother made me a new dress.
我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳。
IV. 并列句的常用连词
1. 我们常用并列连词and, not only…but also…等
5) Nobody came here just now, did they? 6) Tom can hardly cook, can he?
注意:
1. 陈述部分为含有宾语从句的主从复合句时,通 常要对主句主语进行反问;但如果陈述部分是“I (don’t ) think / suppose / believe 等+ 宾语从句” 时,则要对宾语从句的主语进行反问。 例如: 1) He has told you that he will go to America,
这种疑问句通常提出两种或两种以上的情况,要求对方
选择,供选择的部分常用or 连接。例如:
1. Would you like some tea or coffee?
2. Which jacket did he buy, the green one or the
red one?
d. 反意疑问句(Tag Questions)
简单句和并列句
I. 句子的分类(按结构)
按结构可分为: 1. 简单句 (Simple Sentences)
2. 并列句 (Compound Sentences)
3. 复合句 (Complex Sentences)
1. 简单句
说明:由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语 (或并列谓语)构成的句子。
例句:1. She goes to work every day.
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