高中英语 定语从句复习导学案

定语从句复习导学案

一．定义：

用来修饰或限制主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可以是整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。

二. 类别：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

二者的基本区别：______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

四：常见考点：

（一）.指物时只用that 或which 的情况

（二）指人时that 与who的区别

（三）如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词

（四）Whose 用法及转换形式

（五）as 与which的区别

（六）介词+关系代词

（七）定语从句中的主谓一致问题

（八）定语从句与其他从句的区分

详情如下：

（一）.指物时只用that不用which的情况

1，当先行词是all, little, few, much, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时。

2，当先行词被only, any, few, little, no, all, just, very（恰好的,表示强调）等词修饰时。

3、当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。

4 主句是There be结构，修饰主语的定语从句宜用that作关系代词修饰物。例句：

There’s still a room that is free.

5、先行词中同时包括人和物时。例如：

We talked about the people and the villages that we remembered.

6、当主句中有who,或which时，而定语从句中也要用到who或which时，为了避免重复，定语从句要用that引导。例如：

Who is the man that is standing by the door?

(二) 指代人时只用who不用that的情况

1、先行词为one, ones, anyone, those指代人时。如：

The person I want to learn from is one who studies hard and works well.

2、在There be结构中，修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who指代人。例如：

There’s a gentleman who wants to see you.

3、当先行词有较长的后置定语时。例如：

I met a foreigner in the park yesterday afternoon who could speak Chinese very well.

4、一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that, 另一个宜用who以避免重复。例如：

The student that was praised at yesterday’s meeting i s the monitor who is very modest and works very hard. 注意：当关系代词前面有介词时，只能用whom。例如：

The person to whom this letter was addressed died three years ago.

（三）如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词

必须牢记一条：引导词不一定都是由先行词的定义来确定的，而是由关系词在定语从句中作什么成分来确定的。换句话说，先行词是表示时间的词，关系词不一定都是when,先行词是表示地点的词，关系词有时非where,先行词是the reason时，关系词why决非唯一，应仔细分析关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分。

比较下面的句子

①I still remember the days ____we spent in the countryside ten years ago.

②The days are gone forever ____we didn’t have enough to eat.

A. when

B. on which

C. that

D. for which

③The place, ____I visited ten years ago, has turned big city.

④This is the very place ____the anti-Japanese soldiers fought over 60 years ago.

A. that

B. which

C. where D .in which

⑤Have you asked her for the reason ____may explain for her absence?

○6Is this the reason _________ you were late?

A. why

B. that

C. which

D. for which

（四）、whose用法及转换形式

whose引导定语从句时，其先行词可以指人，也可以指物，可以用“the+名词+of which(whom)”或者“of which/(whom) the +名词”代替“whose+名词”结构。例如：

He studies in a school_______buildings(=the buildings _______________/ _________________ the buildings) are built on top of a hill.

I met a friend __________ name(= the name ___________________/ ______________ the name) I forgot then.

判断句子对错：This is the country whose the capital was struck by an earthquake.

I like the novel of which author has passed away.

（五） as 与which的区别

1 限制性定语从句中：

as引导的限制性定语从句时要求先行词受the same, so，such或as 修饰，定语从句中缺少主语、宾语、或者表语；which没有这方面的要求

He used such expressions as he could find in the texts.

They stayed for the night in the same room as they had once rented.

Don't do so many things as you are not sure about.

As many problems as existed have been settled.

Many problems which/that existed have been settled.

※比较：Here is so big a stone as no one can lift. （_______从句）

It is so big a stone that no one can lift it.（____________从句）

2 非限制性定语从句：

as指代主句的全部或部分内容，常译为“正如……”“就像……”等，定语从句可以置于主句之前、之中或之后, as后常接expect, know, report, expect, point out，say, see等动词的主、被动语态,；which指代先行词，也可以指代主句内容，所引导从句只能位于主句之后。

As we all know ,smoking is harmful to one's health

Smoking is harmful to one's health , as we all know .

Smoking, as we all know, is harmful to one' health.

He has resigned, which surprises all his colleagues.

(六) 介词+关系代词

1. 定语从句中谓语部分的搭配习惯

The documents _______ which they were searching have been recovered.

I wanted to find someone _______whom I could discuss books and music.

He referred me to some reference books ________which I am not very familiar.

注：有一些介词为固定搭配的一部分，此时它们的位置应注意。如：

The boy (whom) my sister is looking after is getting better.

不能说成：The boy after whom my sister is looking is getting better.

2. 先行词与介词的搭配习惯

这类考题往往要根据具体的语境来选择介词。如：

This is our classroom, in the front of which there is a teacher’s desk.

I’ll never forget the day _____ which she said goodbye to me.

3. 表示所属关系的of which [whom]

On the blackboard the teacher wrote a sentence, the meaning __________I don’t understand.

4. 表示整体与部分关系的of which [whom]

I have five English dictionaries _____________Longman Dictionary is the best.

The buses, most _______________were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.

I met the fruit-pickers, several _____________ were university students.

5. 表示同位关系的of which [whom]

Her sons, both ________________work abroad, rang her up this morning.

（七）、定语从句中的主谓一致

定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致:

1.I am not one who ___ afraid of difficulty．

2.Don’t choose me, who _____not fit for this job．

3 This is one of the best films that ______been shown t hese days.

4 This is the only one of the students who _____passed the exam.

（八）定语从句与其他从句或句型的比较

1，与强调句型的区别。判断强调句型的关键在于把强调结构“It is/was ……that……”去掉后，主

句的意思和结构是完整的。

It was about 600 years ago the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.

It was BC.600 ______ such an terrible earthquake happened.

It was an exciting moment for those football fans ___ __ they experienced for the first time in years .

A. that

B. which

C. before

D. when

2，that引导的限制性定语从句与同位语从句的区别。

区别在于：①定语从句对先行词起着修饰、限定作用；而同位语从句对先行词起着解释、说明的作用。

②引导词that在从句中的作用不同。在定语从句中，that既起连接作用，又须在定语从句中充当句子成分，如主语、表语，宾语(可以省略) ; 而在同位语从句中，that只起连接作用，不充当句子成分,但不可以省略。

We all have heard the news_____ our team won. （）

We don’t believe in the news _______ he told us yesterday.（）

3，定语从句与状语从句的区别。

状语从句是没有先行词的，整个从句在复合句中作时间、地点或原因等状语；定语从句是对先行

词或主句起修饰限定作用的，所以介词+关系代词（for which, from whom…）是不能出现在状

语从句中

Why do you want to leave _________ you have such a new house?