2020届 二轮复习语法专项定语从句学案 (1)

定语从句

必备知识梳理考点一关系代词引导的定语从句：

一．who、whom、whose引导的定语从句

1.who或whom均可指代人，但who在从句中可作主语也可作宾语，whom

在从句中只作宾语，两者在引导限制性定语从句时常可用that替换。作主语

时，who/that不可省略；作宾语时，whom/who/that可以省略。

I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school

(who/whom/that) I met in the English speech contest last year.

(2017全国卷阅读七选五) Campers, in my eyes, were people that/who

enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping

bags.

2.whose表所属关系，一般指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语。指物时相当于

of which，指人时相当于of whom。

(2016全国二卷阅读理解) I had an unexpected teaching assistant in

class whose creativity would infect other students.

二．that、which引导的定语从句

1.which指物，常在从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可以省略。that指人或物

均可，常在从句中作主语、宾语、表语，作宾语时可以省略。

She showed the visitors around the museum that/which had been

constructed three years before.

(2016天津卷阅读表达) Every day I practiced reading and writing,

which I used to avoid as much as possible.

2.限制性定语从句中，关系代词只用that不用which的情况：

(1).先行词为不定代词anything、nothing、something、everything、

all、some、none、little few、the one等时；

I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else’s

fault.

(2).先行词是形容词最高级或序数词，或其前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时；

The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.

(3).先行词被the only、the very、the last、any、every、each、few、

little、no、some、all等修饰时。

The only part of the meal that I really liked was the dessert.

(4).先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的词时。

They will never forget the things and persons that they’ve seen or

heard of during their long journey.

3.关系代词只用which而不用that的情况：

(1).关系词引导非限制性定语从句时。

The boy was away from home for a week, which worried his parents very much.

(2017全国三卷阅读理解) Bradford sold the buildingand land to a local

development firm, which plans to build a shopping complex on the

land wherethe theater is located.

(2).关系代词前有介词时。

We live in an age in which information is available with greater ease than ever before.

三．as引导的定语从句

1.as可以引导限制性定语从句，常用于“such/ the same+先行词+ as…”结

构中。

Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China.

2.as也可以引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明整个句子，可放在主句之前、之

中或之后。常用的类似的插入语有as the saying goes、as is said above、

as is mentioned above、as often happens、as is often the case、as is

reported in the newspaper等。

“You can’t judge a book by its cover,”as the old saying goes.

考点二关系副词引导的定语从句：

一．where引导的定语从句

where表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词+ which”

(2016天津卷阅读表达)I went to a special school where I got plenty of extra help.

二．when 引导的定语从句

when表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词+which”。

(2016天津卷9) We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, when

the weather may be better.

三．why 引导的定语从句

why表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词+which”。

Do you know the reason why he didn’t attend the meeting?

考点三“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句：

一．介词和关系代词的确定

若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时用whom，指物时用which。另外，whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词+ whose +名词”结构。一般来说，确定关

系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：

(1).先行词的意义；