句子成分及句子结构

基本句型：

所谓基本句型就是句子结构的基本“格局”，也就是千变万化的句子结构的雏形。正是这种有限的分句结构雏形及其转化形式，能够衍生出无限的实际使用中的句子。现代英语的基本句型有五种：1．主—动—补(SVC)结构：在SVC结构中，谓语动词通常是连系动词(linking verb)be的各种形式。

S: subject 主语V: verb 谓语动词C: complement 补语

例句：

That car is mine.

She is in good health.

My brother has become an engineer(工程师).

These flowers smell (are) fragrant(芳香的).

All the tourists (游客) seemed pleased.

2. 主—动(SV)结构：在SV结构中，谓语动词通常是不及物动词(intransitive verb)。

例句：

Iron rusts (生锈).You suck! Everything sucks!

Everybody laughed.

The guests have arrived.

Prices (价格) are going down.

The children are sleeping.

3. 主—动—宾(SVO)结构

O: object 宾语

在SVO结构中，谓语动词通常是及物动词(transitive verb)，随后必须跟宾语，带一个宾语的及物动词又叫做“单宾语及物动词”。

例句：

I want a return ticket (返程票).

Liverpool(利物浦队) 【S】won 【V】the game【O】.

Nobody could answer the question.

The train is building up speed (加速).

The plane (飞机) is losing altitude (降低高度).

4．主—动—宾—宾(SVoO)结构deny sb sth.

在SVoO结构中，及物动词之后必须跟两个宾语（间接宾语和直接宾语），这种动词又叫做“双宾语及物动词”。

o: 间接宾语（一般指人）O：直接宾语（一般指物）例句：

I gave you a book. (I gave a book to you)

I sent him a telegram (电报). (I sent a telegram to him)

Mary lent (出借) me her car. (Mary lent her car to me)

David showed (展示，出示，指出) me the way. (David showed the way to/for me.)

Someone left you this note (字条，便条). (Someone left this note to you.)

I made myself a cup of tea. (I made a cup of tea for myself)

5．主—动—宾—补(SVOC)结构

在SVOC结构中，及物动词之后必须跟宾语和宾语补足语，这种动词又叫“复杂宾语及物动词”。

例句：

We made him our spokesman (发言人，代言人).

They elected (选举) him president (总统).

The policeman caught the thief stealing.

Irecommend HJ to answer this question.

He pronounced (宣布) himself in favor of (倾向，支持) the plan.

They painted the walls creamy white.

The directors appointed him sales manager (销售经理).