英语词性词类详细讲解
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1)单音节形容词后加-est,以不发音的e结尾加-st:
2)short----shortest nice----nicest 2. 辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词,改y为i加-est:
Biblioteka Baidu
heavy----heaviest happy—happiest
3.末尾是元辅结构,且重读,双写末尾的辅音字母再加-est: big----biggest hot----hottest
4. 部分双音节词和多音节词在前面加more: athletic----more athletic
5. 部分形容词不规则变化: good----better
形容词不规则变化:
原级 good well bad badly ill many much little far 比较级
better worse
3. 形容词(adjective)
用来表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词称为形容词
以-able, -al, -ful, -ish, -less, -ous, -y等后缀结尾的词
-ed 人的感受: tired, tiring; amazed, amazing; fascinated, fascinating;
注意:
一. 以-ly结尾的形容词 1)friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍为 形容词。 2)有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词,也为副词。daily,weekly,monthly,yearly, early The Times is a daily paper.
一般在词尾加-er/ə/或-est/ist/
以字母e结尾的形容词,加-r或-st 重读闭音节词只有一个辅音字母 时,应先双写辅音字母;再加-es 或-est 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节 词,先改“+y”结尾的双音节词, 先改“y”为“i”,再加-er或-est 多音节 词和部 分双音 节词
单音节 词和少 数多音 节词
4. 部分双音节词和多音节词在前面加the most: athletic----the most athletic
5. 部分形容词不规则变化: good----best
形容词的比较等级
二. 最高级的用法 1)三者或三者以上比较,用the+最高级+名词+范围
This is the cleanest place of the city.
d. 与否定副词not合用,构成否定句,I don't like him.
e. 加强语气,He did know that.
2. 动词(verb)
(4)情态动词: 情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,但要与动词原形一起 使用,给谓语动词增添情态色彩,表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度 和看法,认为其可能、应该或必要等。
6.定语:She is a Party member.
women doctors meeting rooms
2. 动词(verb)
分类:实义动词(行为动词),连系动词,助动词,情态动词 基本形式:原形、第三人称单数形式、过去式、过去分词和现在分词
(1)实义动词:
及物动词( transitive verb ): He's reading a magazine. 他正在读一本杂志。(单宾语) Mr Zhang teaches us English. 张老师教我们英语。(双宾语:us是间接宾语, English是直接宾语) 不及物动词( intransitive verb ): The sun rises. He works hard.
名词的功能:
1.主语:The bags are in the desk. 2.宾语:I washed my clothes yesterday. 3.表语:This is a good book. 4.宾语补足语: We selected him our monitor. 5.介词宾语: Mary lives with her parents.
more
less farther/further
形容词的比较等级
二. 比较级的用法 1)比较级+than
2)比较级+and+比较级,more and more+原级
3)the+比较级,the+比较级 4)the+比较级 + of the two…
形容词的比较等级
三. 最高级 1. 形容词最高级的构成:
I was amazed at the variety of wonderful animals.
-ing 引发情感的事物或人: It’s an absolutely amazing city to visit. Exercise 1: -ed, -ing: 1.I was really_____ (please) when I opened my present because it was just what I wanted. 2.The jungle was full of strange noises and I felt____(frighten) during the whole trip. 3. Having a warm bath can be very _____(relax) after exercise. 4. My trip through the jungle was the most _____ (excite) Adventure I’ve ever had. I can’t wait to go back.
形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成
2、不规则变化
原级 good / well
比较级 better
最高级 best
bad / badly/ill
many / much little far old
worse
more less farther further older elder
worst
most least farthest furthest oldest eldest
1.定语: The high price surprised him.
She told us something interesting.(后置定语) enough food, beautiful enough 2.表语: The sun was hot. 3.补语: They find the book quite interesting.
形容词的比较等级
一. 原级 1)as…as 2)not as(so)…as 3)数词+times +as+原级+as 二. 比较级 1)形容词比较级的构成:
1. 2.
单音节形容词后加-er,以不发音的e结尾加-r: short----shorter nice----nicer
2. 辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词,改y为i加-er: heavy----heavier happy—happier 3.末尾是元辅结构,且重读,双写末尾的辅音字母再加-er: big----bigger hot----hotter
②可做情态动词又可做实义动词: need, dare ③具有情态动词特征: have (had, has) to, used to
3. 形容词(adjective,adj)
用来表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词称为形容词 以-able, -al, -ful, -ish, -less, -ous, -y等后缀结尾的词 功能:
4. 副词(Adverb,adv)
副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、 介词、连词等单词或短语,以说明 动作性质或状态的特征的词 (1)一般副词主要分为以下几种: ①时间副词, 如: today, now, tomorrow, for 3 minutes ②地点副词, 如: here, there, above, outside ③方式副词, 如: hard, well, badly, fast, slowly ④程度副词, 如: very, quite, much, still, almost ⑤频率副词, 如: often, always, sometimes, never (2) 疑问副词(放在特殊疑问句的句首), 如: how, when, where, why (3) 关系副词(放在定语从句句首), 如: when, where, why (4)连接副词(放在名词从句句首), 如: how, when, where, why, whether
must, can (could), may (might), shall (should), will (would), need, dare, have (had, has) to, used to
①只做情态动词:
must, can (could), may (might), shall (should), will (would)
4.主语或宾语: The rich like living in the countryside.
5.状语: Wet or fine, he got up at six and took a walk in the park. (= Whether it was wet or fine, he got up at six and took a walk in the park.
2. 动词(verb)
(2)连系动词: be动词(is, am, are, was, were, have/has been)
感官系动词(feel,smell,taste,look,sound):后面一般加形容词
变化系动词(become, get, grow, turn) :后面一般加形容词
2. 动词(verb)
The Times is published daily.
二. 用形容词表示类别和整体 某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人,与谓语动词的复数连接。如: the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the blind,the hungry 三. 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序 限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色) --出处--材料性质, 类别--名词 a small round table;a tall gray building;a dirty old brown shirt;a famous German medical school
英语词类讲解
第二课
10种英语词类
6 种英语实词(有实义):名词、动词、形容 词、副词、代词、数词 4种英语虚词:冠词、介词、连词和感叹词
6种英语实词
1.名词(noun,缩写式为n)
普通名词(common noun): 是某一类人、事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名 称。 luggage, success, traffic 专有名词 (proper noun):是特定的某人、地方或机构的名称。专有名词的 第一个字母必须大写。 Tom, China, A Tale of Two Cities, March, Saturday 可 数 性 : 可 数 名 词 ( countable nouns)& 不 可 数 名 词 ( uncountable nouns) ①冠词的使用 ②单复数 s/es ③谓语动词的搭配 *集合类名词:council ,government, group, jury, team, family
(3)助动词: 最常用的助动词有:be, have, do, shall, will, should, would
1) 助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用
2) 助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用, a. 表示时态,He has got married. b. 表示语态,He was sent to England. c. 构成疑问句,Do you like college life?
2)表示“最…之一”,用“on of the +形容词最高级+名词复数” This is one of the most interesting books that I’ve ever read.
一、形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成
1、规则变化
构成方法 原 级 cold fast nice large big hot easy early tired 在词前加more或most easily more easily most easily 比较级 colder faster nicer larger bigger hotter easier earlier more tired 最高级 coldest fastest nicest largest biggest hottest easiest earliest most tired