中考英语现在完成时精讲精练

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中考英语现在完成时精讲精练

语法精讲

(一)定义

现在完成时主要用来表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。如:

•I have already seen the film.

•She has just had a bath.

第一句说明看电影是过去发生的,用了现在完成时是要表示说话者可能不想再看了,或者对该电影的内容已经很熟悉了,等等。

第二句说明她洗澡是过去发生的,用了现在完成时是要表示她不需要再洗澡了等。

(二)基本结构

现在完成时的句子结构一般为:

肯定句主语+have/has+过去分词+其他成分

•We have already had lunch.

•He has been away for a week.

肯定句:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他否定句:主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词+其他一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词+其他)

(三)主要用法

1、表示过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。此时,常和谓语动

词一起使用的副词有already、just、never、ever、yet等。如:

•They have already come back from the museum.

•She has already finished her homework.

2、表示过去发生的动作持续到现在,并且有可能会继续持续下去。此时,常和谓语

动词一起使用的标志性词语主要有for和since,而且此时的谓语动词往往是持续性动词(如stay、keep、wait等)。如:

•I have lived here for ten years.

•He has kept the clavichord since thirty years ago.

3、表示从过去某一时间到说话时这段时间中反复发生的动作。此时,常和谓语动词

一起使用的主要是表频度的副词often、always、seldom、never等,以及表次数的单词或短语(如once、twice、three times)。如:

•You have never listened to me like this before.

•She has ever been to France.

•They have visited the Summer Palace many times.

(四)动词的过去分词

1、规则变化

其变化规则与动词的一般过去时基本相同,主要是在词尾加-ed或-d。具体的有:1)直接加-ed。如:worked、played。

2)以不发音的e结尾的动词后加-d。如:lived、danced。

3)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词后改y为i,再加-ed。如:studied、cried。

4)以重读闭音节结尾的动词后,双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ed。如:stopped、patted。

2、不规则变化

如果结合动词的过去式,动词的过去分词的不规则变化中,又有一些相对的规则现象。如:

1)AAA型。如:put put put;read read read。其中,read的过去式和过去分词虽然拼写时一样的,但其发音与原形不同,ea不再读作[iː],而是[e]。

2)ABB型。如:k eep k ept k ept;s i t s a t s a t

3)ABA型。如:r u n r a n r u n;c o me c a me c o me

4)ABC型。如:l ie l ay l ain;dr i nk dr a nk dr u nk

5)AAB型。如:b eat b eat b eaten

(五)标志性词语

1、副词already、just、never、ever、yet等。如:•She hasn't arrived in Scotland yet.

•They have just left for Shanghai.

2、for和since。for+一段时间,since+具体时间。如:

•He has learned Italian for five months.

•He has learned Italian since five months ago.

3、so far和up to/till now。表示“迄今为止”。如:

•So far, no one has heard any news about her.

•She has read fifty books up to now.

4、recently、lately等表示“最近;最新”的副词和形容词。如:

•I've met her on several occasions recently.

•He hasn't had enough sleep lately.

5、in the past/last+一段时间,表示“在过去的...时间里”。如:

•In the past few years, new buildings have sprung up all over Beijing. •He had aged rapidly in the last few months.

6、次数。如:

•I've tried many times, but there's no way.

•He has been there at least twice.

(六)have been to/have gone to/have been in

1、have been to

表示“去过已回”。句子主语就在现场。如:

•They have been to Rome many times.

•She has been to Shanghai more than once.

2、have gone to

表示“去了未回”。句子主语不在现场。如:

•Jerry has gone to Hangzhou.

•Mary has gone to Finland.

3、have been in

表示“一直待在某地”。如:

•We have been in Beijing for five weeks.

•They have been in China since 2012.

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