中考英语现在完成时精讲精练
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
中考英语现在完成时精讲精练
语法精讲
(一)定义
现在完成时主要用来表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。如:
•I have already seen the film.
•She has just had a bath.
第一句说明看电影是过去发生的,用了现在完成时是要表示说话者可能不想再看了,或者对该电影的内容已经很熟悉了,等等。
第二句说明她洗澡是过去发生的,用了现在完成时是要表示她不需要再洗澡了等。
(二)基本结构
现在完成时的句子结构一般为:
肯定句主语+have/has+过去分词+其他成分
•We have already had lunch.
•He has been away for a week.
肯定句:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他否定句:主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词+其他一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词+其他)
(三)主要用法
1、表示过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。此时,常和谓语动
词一起使用的副词有already、just、never、ever、yet等。如:
•They have already come back from the museum.
•She has already finished her homework.
2、表示过去发生的动作持续到现在,并且有可能会继续持续下去。此时,常和谓语
动词一起使用的标志性词语主要有for和since,而且此时的谓语动词往往是持续性动词(如stay、keep、wait等)。如:
•I have lived here for ten years.
•He has kept the clavichord since thirty years ago.
3、表示从过去某一时间到说话时这段时间中反复发生的动作。此时,常和谓语动词
一起使用的主要是表频度的副词often、always、seldom、never等,以及表次数的单词或短语(如once、twice、three times)。如:
•You have never listened to me like this before.
•She has ever been to France.
•They have visited the Summer Palace many times.
(四)动词的过去分词
1、规则变化
其变化规则与动词的一般过去时基本相同,主要是在词尾加-ed或-d。具体的有:1)直接加-ed。如:worked、played。
2)以不发音的e结尾的动词后加-d。如:lived、danced。
3)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词后改y为i,再加-ed。如:studied、cried。
4)以重读闭音节结尾的动词后,双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ed。如:stopped、patted。
2、不规则变化
如果结合动词的过去式,动词的过去分词的不规则变化中,又有一些相对的规则现象。如:
1)AAA型。如:put put put;read read read。其中,read的过去式和过去分词虽然拼写时一样的,但其发音与原形不同,ea不再读作[iː],而是[e]。
2)ABB型。如:k eep k ept k ept;s i t s a t s a t
3)ABA型。如:r u n r a n r u n;c o me c a me c o me
4)ABC型。如:l ie l ay l ain;dr i nk dr a nk dr u nk
5)AAB型。如:b eat b eat b eaten
(五)标志性词语
1、副词already、just、never、ever、yet等。如:•She hasn't arrived in Scotland yet.
•They have just left for Shanghai.
2、for和since。for+一段时间,since+具体时间。如:
•He has learned Italian for five months.
•He has learned Italian since five months ago.
3、so far和up to/till now。表示“迄今为止”。如:
•So far, no one has heard any news about her.
•She has read fifty books up to now.
4、recently、lately等表示“最近;最新”的副词和形容词。如:
•I've met her on several occasions recently.
•He hasn't had enough sleep lately.
5、in the past/last+一段时间,表示“在过去的...时间里”。如:
•In the past few years, new buildings have sprung up all over Beijing. •He had aged rapidly in the last few months.
6、次数。如:
•I've tried many times, but there's no way.
•He has been there at least twice.
(六)have been to/have gone to/have been in
1、have been to
表示“去过已回”。句子主语就在现场。如:
•They have been to Rome many times.
•She has been to Shanghai more than once.
2、have gone to
表示“去了未回”。句子主语不在现场。如:
•Jerry has gone to Hangzhou.
•Mary has gone to Finland.
3、have been in
表示“一直待在某地”。如:
•We have been in Beijing for five weeks.
•They have been in China since 2012.