第三届全国翻译大赛常见问题及解答
翻译技巧——英译中常见问题解决方法
翻译技巧——英译中常见问题解决方法概述翻译是将一种语言表达转化为另一种语言表达的过程，对于英译中来说，不同的语言结构和文化背景带来了一些挑战。
本文将介绍英译中常见问题，并提供解决方法，以帮助翻译人员提高翻译质量。
1. 语法和句法1.1 解释性语言对应的动态语态在英语中，使用主动语态更加常见，而在汉语中，使用被动语态较多。
因此，在进行英译中时，需要注意调整句子结构以符合汉语习惯。
1.2 复杂句和长句的处理英文文档通常使用复杂句和长句进行表达，但在中文翻译中应尽可能避免过于复杂的句子结构。
可以通过拆分成简洁明了的小句或重新排序部分信息来提高可读性。
1.3 动宾结构和修饰成分的处理英文经常采用动宾结构来表达概念清晰、精准，而汉语则注重修饰成分以丰富表达。
在英译中时，需要注意动宾结构的转换和适当添加修饰成分。
2. 词汇选择2.1 同义词和近义词的区别英语中经常存在多个同义词或近义词可以表达一个概念，但在汉语中可能只有一个最恰当的翻译。
翻译人员需要根据上下文和意思进行准确选择。
2.2 多义词的处理一些单词在不同上下文中具有不同的含义，这对于翻译人员来说是一个挑战。
应通过理解原文整体意思，并结合背景知识来确定最合适的翻译。
3. 文化差异3.1 礼貌用语和称谓的处理不同语言和文化有着各自特定的礼貌用语和称谓，在翻译时需要考虑到目标读者，并进行相应的调整，以保持尊重和礼貌。
3.2 习惯用语和俚语的处理习惯用语和俚语常常困扰翻译人员，因为直接字面翻译往往无法传达完整意思。
在英译中时，应尽量找到对应的汉语习惯用语或类似表达方式。
4. 核对和修订4.1 校对文法和拼写错误在翻译过程中，难免会出现文法错误或拼写错误。
建议在完成初稿后进行认真的校对和修订，以提高整体质量和准确性。
4.2 翻译流畅度和通顺性优秀的翻译应当具备流畅度和通顺性。
建议多次阅读、推敲句子，使其自然而清晰地传达原文意思。
总结英译中翻译是一个复杂且挑战性的过程，需要解决语法句法、词汇选择及文化差异等问题。
catti大赛例题
2022年“CATTI杯”全国翻译大赛英语样题及答案一、单项选择1. Which of the following statements about who is responsible for any error that might occur in the process of translation or interpreting is wrong?A. Translators must take all errors seriously no matter whether they occur in the source language or in the target language and correct them promptly.B. Once an interpreter finds that the speaker has made an obvious factual or logical mistake, he/she should correct it in his/her interpretation in a timely manner.C. When someone points out a mistake in the interpretation, the interpreter should immediately admit and correct it.D. If your translation needs to be revised by others, the quality of the translation remains your responsibility, including the errors that have occurred in the revised part.2. Avery had established himself as a/an __________ microbiologist, but had never imagined venturing into the new world of genes and chromosomes.A. efficientB. competentC. patientD. innocent3. It is imperative that the government _______ more investment into the autonomous driving industry.A. attractsB. shall attractC. attractD. attracted4. We have maintained consultation with the ASEAN（东盟）on the formulation of codes of conduct in the South China Sea area.A. 制定中国南海地区行为准则B. 拟定中国南海地区行动准则C. 签订中国南海地区行动准则D. 形成中国南海地区行为准则5. 中国航空航天技术比较先进，是成功把人类送上太空的国家之一。
第三届“创新杯”大学英语翻译比赛初赛真题及答案
第三届“创新杯”大学英语翻译比赛初赛一、选择题1.丝绸之路经济带（）[单选题] *A. the Silk and Economic Road and BeltB. the Silk Road Economic Belt√C. the Road of Silk and Economic2. 信息革命（）[单选题] *A. news revolutionB. information revolution√C. information reform3. 民生（）[单选题] *A. people's livelihood√B. peoples’ livingC. people’s life4. 利益共同体（）[单选题] *A. the world of common interestsB. the society of shared benefitsC. the community of shared interests√5. 中国式现代化（）[单选题] *A. Chinese modernization√B. China’s modernizationC. Chinese modern times6. 班车（）[单选题] *A. work busB. shuttle bus√C. shatter bus7. 党员（）[单选题] *A. membership of Communist Party of ChinaB. peoples of the Communist Party of ChinaC. members of the Communist Party of China√8. 全过程人民民主（）[单选题] *A .full time people's democracyB. whole-process people's democracy√C. people's democracy in all time9. 中欧班列（）[单选题] *A. China and Europe Freight TrainsB. China-Europe Freight Trains√C. China to Europe Freight Trains10. 乡村振兴（）[单选题] *A. countryside revitalizationB. rural developmentC. rural revitalization√11.非物质文化遗产（）[单选题] *A. intangible cultural heritage√B. non-material cultural inheritanceC. non-material cultural inherit12.中国航天精神（）[单选题] *A. the Spaceflight Essence of ChinaB. the Spirit of Chinese Spaceflight√C. the China’s Spirit of Spaceflight13.打造新亮点（）[单选题] *A. build new pointsB. develop new sitesC. foster new highlights√14. 人才强国战略（）[单选题] *A. strategy of talentsB. workforce development strategy√C. developing by talents15.生态保护区（）[单选题] *A. ecological placeB. ecological reserve√C. ecological protection16.农历（）[单选题] *A. Lunar Calendar√B. Nong LiC. Lunar Years17. 核电站（）[单选题] *A. nuclear stationB. nuclear factoryC. nuclear power plant√18. 庙会（）[单选题] *A. temple fair√B. temple meetingC. temple market19.校园招聘（）[单选题] *A. campus hiringB. campus recruitment√C. campus employment20.移动支付（）[单选题] *A. moving paymentB. mobile payment√C. floating payment21.景点（）[单选题] *A. tourist attraction√B. scenery spotC. viewing place22.实名注册（）[单选题] *A. real-name subscriptionB. real-name registration√C. true-name login23.中国结（）[单选题] *A. Chinese knot√B. Chinese bondC. Chinese tie24.逃课（）[单选题] *A. skip class√B. run away classC. escape class25.吟诗作画（）[单选题] *A. sing poems and draw picturesB. compose poems and paint pictures√C. speak poetry and paint pictures26.古代文明（）[单选题] *A. civilization of old timesB. old civilizationC. ancient civilization√27. 转基因食品（）[单选题] *A. genetically shifted foodB. genetically modified food√C. genetically converted food28. 中药（）[单选题] *A. Traditional Chinese Medicine√B. Chinese Traditional MedicineC. Medicine of Traditional Chinese29. 十二生肖（）[单选题] *A. twenty-four animalsB. twenty-four kinds of animalsC. Chinese Zodiac√30. 二十四节气（）[单选题] *A. twenty-four Chinese termsB. twenty-four solar terms√C. twenty-four lunar terms31. The Book of Songs（）[单选题] *A. 歌唱合集B. 音乐专辑C.《诗经》√32. soybean milk（）[单选题] *A. 豆类牛奶B. 黄豆味牛奶C. 豆浆√33. gourmet festival（）[单选题] *A. 时装秀B. 美食节√C. 小吃34. social security system（）[单选题] *A. 社会保障体系√B. 社会保护体系C. 社会保险体系35. the mountain and flowing water（）[单选题] *A. 山高水长B. 高山流水√C. 水绕山梁36. cheongsam（）[单选题] *A. 旗袍√B. 长衫C. 风衣37. information age（）[单选题] *A. 信息年龄B. 信息时代√C. 信息时刻38. cutting-edge technology（）[单选题] *A. 切断科技B. 尖端科技√C. 切角科技39. hot spring（）[单选题] *A. 炎夏B. 温泉√C. 酷暑40. high-speed rail（）[单选题] *A. 高速轨道B. 高速公路C. 高速铁路√41. migrant laborers（）[单选题] *A. 民工√B. 移动人民C. 移动工人42. production capacity（）[单选题] *A. 产品能力B. 产能√C. 生产空间43. summer resort（）[单选题] *A. 夏天美景B. 夏季热点C. 避暑胜地√44. Chinese working class（）[单选题] *A. 中国工人阶级√B. 中国劳动者C. 中国上班族45. snack bar（）[单选题] *A. 小吃酒吧B. 小吃摊√C. 零食酒吧46. institution of higher education（）[单选题] *A. 高等学府√B. 高级教育机构C. 高等教育组织47. exam-oriented education（）[单选题] *A. 素质教育B. 应试教育√C. 导向教育48. martial arts（）[单选题] *A.太极剑B.武林秘笈C.武术√49. new development philosophy（）[单选题] *A. 新发展理念√B. 新发展哲学C. 发展新理念50. promote high moral standards（）[单选题] *A. 弘扬真善美√B. 提高高度道德标准C. 提升高标准51. Peaceful China Initiative（）[单选题] *A. 和平的中国提议B. 中国的和平倡议C. 平安中国倡议√52. keep pace with the times（）[单选题] *A. 与时间同步B. 与时俱进√C. 齐头并进53. common prosperity for all（）[单选题] *A. 共同富裕√B. 全体繁荣C. 一荣俱荣54. bid farewell to the old and usher in the new（）[单选题] *A. 扶老携幼B. 辞旧迎新√C. 万象更新55. multi-polar world（）[单选题] *A. 多点世界B. 多重世界C. 多极世界√56. social security（）[单选题] *A. 社会安全B. 社会保障√C. 社会稳定57. winding road（）[单选题] *A. 有风的道路B. 蜿蜒小路√C. 绕开的道路58. environmental degradation（）[单选题] *A. 环境转变B. 环境恶化√C. 环境污染59. historical cycle（）[单选题] *A. 历史的循环B. 过往的周期C. 历史周期率√60. overall agricultural production capacity（）[单选题] *A. 全面的农业生产能力B. 农业综合生产空间C. 农业综合生产能力√61. 民以食为天。
三级翻译解题技巧
三级考试翻译解题技巧一、翻译题型特点三级考试中翻译试题由两部分组成。
第一部分为英译汉，所有句子取自前面阅读理解部分（划线的句子）。
这样就大大降低了翻译的难度，因为有上下文可以参考。
第二部分为汉译英，考题相对简单，基本上是简单句，很少有复杂句，涉及时态以现在时和过去时为主，翻译时重点注意句型的选择。
评分标准要求译文达意，无重大语法错误。
考察的重点是词汇、语法、句型等方面综合运用语言的能力。
二、汉英两种语言的不同特点1. 英语重结构，汉语重语意2. 英语多从句，汉语多分句3. 英语多代词，汉语多名词4. 英语多长句，汉语多短句5. 英语多被动，汉语多主动It is said that…据说…It has been found that…已经被发现…It cannot be denied that…毋庸置疑…6. 英语多变化，汉语多重复汉语："我认为…我认为…我认为…"英语：I think…I believe…I assume…7. 英语多抽象，汉语多具体disintegration 土崩瓦解ardent loyalty 赤胆忠心（非常忠诚）perfect harmony 水乳交融（非常和谐）on the verge of destruction 危在旦夕feed on fancies 画饼充饥（靠梦想吃饭）make a little contribution 添砖加瓦（做小小的贡献）8. 英语多省略，汉语多补充9. 英语多前重，汉语多后重10. 英语多引申，汉语多推理重点：汉语多用短句，英语多用长句（拆分）汉语少用被动，英语常用被动（语态）汉语简约，英语详尽（加减词）汉语重意合，英语重形合。
逻辑关系的隐晦与明显导致互译时连接词的加减使用。
（连接词）三、总体注意事项汉译英时，注意书写规则。
句首字母要大写，专有名词的第一个字母要大写，专有名词一般都有规范的译文。
注意时态的选择。
英译汉时，被动句最好翻译成主动句。
英语面试问题及回答带翻译
英语面试问题及回答带翻译在准备英语面试时，了解常见的面试问题并准备好回答是非常重要的。
下面是一些常见的英语面试问题及其回答，带有中文翻译，希望对你有所帮助。
1. Can you tell me about yourself?（请介绍一下你自己。
）回答：Sure. My name is [Your Name]. I have a bachelor's degree in [Your Field] and I have been working as a [Your Current Position] for [Number of Years]. I am a hardworking and motivated individual, and I am passionate about [Your Field]. In my free time, I enjoy [Your Hobbies or Interests].回答：当然。
我叫[你的名字]。
我拥有[你的领域]的学士学位，并且在[你的现任职位]工作了[年数]年。
我是一个勤奋且有动力的人，对[你的领域]充满热情。
在业余时间，我喜欢[你的爱好或兴趣]。
2. Why are you interested in this position?（你为什么对这个职位感兴趣？）回答：I am interested in this position because it aligns perfectly with my skills and experience. I have a strong background in [Relevant Skills] and I believe that I can contribute to the success of the company in this role. Additionally, I am excited about the opportunity to [Specific Opportunity or Challenge].回答：我对这个职位感兴趣是因为它与我的技能和经验完美契合。
英语面试问题及回答带翻译
英语面试问题及回答带翻译在准备英语面试时，了解常见的面试问题以及如何回答这些问题是非常重要的。
下面是一些常见的英语面试问题以及回答，带有中文翻译，希望对您有所帮助。
1. Can you tell me about yourself? (请介绍一下自己。
)This question is usually asked at the beginning of an interview. It provides an opportunity for you to give a brief overview of your background, education, work experience, and skills. Keep your answer concise and relevant to the job you are applying for.Example Answer:Sure. My name is [Your Name], and I have a bachelor's degree in [Your Field]. I have been working in the [Industry] field for the past five years, with experience in [Specific Skills]. I am a highly motivated and detail-oriented individual, and I believe my skills and experience make me a strong fit for this position.中文翻译：当面试开始时，通常会问到这个问题。
这是一个机会，让你简要介绍一下自己的背景、教育、工作经验和技能。
回答要简洁，并与你申请的职位相关。
示例回答：当然可以。
我叫[你的名字]，拥有[你的专业]学士学位。
英语翻译三级笔译实务模拟试题及答案解析(4)
英语翻译三级笔译实务模拟试题及答案解析（4）(1~5/共5题)Section ⅠEnglish Chinese TranslationTranslate the following two passages into Chinese .1 The increase in international business and in foreign investment has created a need for executives with knowledge of foreign languages and skills in cross-cultural communication. Americans, however, have not been well trained in either area and, consequently, have not enjoyed the same level of success in negotiation in all international arena as have their foreign counterparts.Negotiating is the process of communicating back and forth for the purpose of reaching an agreement. 2 It involves persuasion and compromise, but in order to participate in either one, the negotiators must understand the ways in which people are persuaded and how compromise is reached within the culture of the negotiation.In many international business negotiations abroad, Americans are perceived as wealthy and impersonal. 3 It often appears to the foreign negotiator that the American represents a large multimillion-dollar corporation that can afford to pay the price without bargaining further. The American negotiator's role becomes that of an impersonal surveyor of information and cash.In studies of American negotiators abroad, several traits have been identified that may serve to confirm this stereotypical perception, while undermining the negotiator's position. 4 Two traits in particular that cause cross-cultural misunderstanding are directness and impatience on the part of the American negotiator. Furthermore, American negotiators often insist on realizing short-term benefits. Foreign negotiators, on the other hand, may value the relationship established between negotiators and may be willing to invest time in it for long-term benefits.5 In order to solidify the relationship, they may opt for indirect interactions without regard for the time involved in getting to know the other negotiator.Clearly, perceptions and differences in values affect the outcomes of negotiations and the success for negotiators. For Americans to play a more effective role in international business negotiations, they must put forth more effort to improve cross-cultural understanding.第1题第2题第3题第4题第5题下一题(1/1)Section ⅡChinese-English TranslationTranslate the following passage into English .第6题1．“技术转让”的基本设想是：发达国家利用新发现开发技术会给发展中国家带来适用的成果。
catti三级笔译综合能力考试试题及答案解析(四)
catti三级笔译综合能力考试试题及答案解析(四)一、词汇翻译（每题2分，共20分）1. 社会主义核心价值观（core socialist values）2. 人工智能（artificial intelligence）3. 共享经济（sharing economy）4. 精准扶贫（targeted poverty alleviation）5. 绿色发展（green development）6. 一带一路（Belt and Road Initiative）7. 网络空间治理（cybersecurity governance）8. 创新驱动发展（innovation-driven development）9. 自由贸易区（free trade area）10. 智能制造（intelligent manufacturing）二、短语翻译（每题3分，共30分）11. 全面建设社会主义现代化国家（comprehensively build a socialist modern country）12. 脱贫攻坚战（the fight against poverty）13. 互联网+（Internet+）14. 新型大国关系（a new type of major-country relationship）15. 人民币国际化（renminbi internationalization）16. 智慧城市（smart city）17. 社会主义核心价值观教育（education on core socialist values）18. 生态补偿（ecological compensation）19. 中华民族优秀传统文化（the excellent traditional Chinese culture）20. 公平竞争（fair competition）三、篇章翻译（40分）请将以下中文文章翻译成英文：随着我国经济社会发展，人们的生活方式发生了翻天覆地的变化。
专业翻译中的常见问题和解决方案
VS
详细描述
在专业翻译中，词汇理解问题通常表现为 词汇歧义、一词多义、专业术语不熟悉等 情况。为了解决这些问题，译者需要具备 扎实的语言基础、广泛的知识储备以及对 特定领域的深入了解。
语法理解
总结词
语法理解是确保译文逻辑严密、表达准确的关键。
详细描述
在翻译过程中，语法理解问题可能表现为句子结构分析错误、时态和语态处理不当等。为了解决这些问题，译者 需要熟练掌握源语言和目标语言的语法规则，并在翻译过程中保持高度的注意力，仔细分析句子结构，确保译文 的逻辑性和准确性。
学习行业翻译规范
总结词
不同的行业有不同的翻译规范，遵循 规范可以提高翻译的专业性和准确性 。
详细描述
专业译者应了解并学习相关行业的翻 译规范，如法律、医学、科技等领域 的专业术语和表达方式。此外，还应 关注行业动态和术语更新，以确保翻 译的准确性和一致性。
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语境理解
总结词
语境理解是决定译文是否符合目标语言文化背景的关键因素。
详细描述
在专业翻译中，语境理解问题可能表现为对文化背景、历史背景、社会习俗等的不了解或误解。为了 解决这些问题，译者需要具备跨文化交际能力，了解不同文化背景下的语言表达习惯和思维方式，以 便在翻译过程中准确把握语境，使译文更加自然流畅。
引用规范
总结词
在翻译涉及引用的内容时，需要遵循正确的引用格式，确保引文的准确性和完整性。
详细描述
根据目标语言的引用规范，正确使用引号、括号、页码等符号，标明引文的出处、作者、出版日期等信息。对于 直接引用和间接引用，应采取不同的处理方式，以清晰传达原文的含义。同时，注意引文与原文的一致性，避免 出现断章取义或歪曲原意的情况。
英语笔译中常见问题及解决方法
英语笔译中常见问题及解决方法鲁宏鹤随着世界的快速发展，英语的国际地位逐渐凸显，而英语翻译的做为听说读写译这五大基本技能之一其重要程度不言而喻。
但是，目前的英语笔译之中存在着很多常见的问题，这些常见问题的很大程度上影响了英语笔译者水平的提高，不利于英语翻译的逐步提升。
本文主要针对目前英语翻译中存在的常见问题进行探讨分析并提出相应的解决对策，以便更好地提升英语翻译者的翻译水平，满足社会需求。
伴随着经济一体化脚步的逐渐加快，各国之间的贸易往来逐渐增多，英语作为国际语言为各国之间的贸易往来搭建语言的桥梁，成为经济社会快速发展不可或缺的一部分。
英语的广泛应用为世界经济发展营造了良好的语言沟通环境。
随着英语的重要性逐渐凸显，英语翻译就逐渐受到人们的重视，而英语笔译作为其中至关重要的一部分其重要性不言而喻。
但是，目前英语翻译的过程中很多笔译人员会因为自身或者某些客观的因素使笔译的效果不够理想甚至有的时候会出现巨大的偏颇，这些都会严重影响读者的阅读。
一、英语笔译中常见问题英语笔译者在翻译英语的过程之中由于自身生长的语言环境的限制，其语言思维方式、语义语素、宗教信仰等之间存在较大差异，这些就造成了英语翻译过程之中会出现一些常见的问题。
首先，最常见的问题是在英语翻译的过程之中翻译的方法比较单一，对文化背景了解较少。
每一个国家和民族都有孕育自己文化的环境，在这个大的文化背景下逐渐生根发芽，所以每个国家之间的文化都会有所不同，而语言在文化中产生发展，各局本国和本民族的特色。
翻译者生活在不同的语言环境之中一定要对所翻译的语言文化背景有深入的理解。
而对英语产生的语言环境缺少了解就会造成翻译中出现偏差甚至是错误。
与此同时，英语笔译翻译者在英语翻译的过程之中过分注意和强调一种翻译方法，缺少对多种翻译方法的使用，仅仅用简单的直译方法比不能适合所有的英文翻译内容，这就会造成翻译后的文章难以理解。
其次，语言逻辑混乱也是英语翻译中的常见问题之一。
北外大三 汉译法 经典例题解析
1. 一定要不断提高人民的生活水平。
应该说这是一个国人耳熟能详的句子，看似简单，但要译成准确、地道的法语，应注意避免下面的翻译：[误] Il faut augmenter sans cesse le niveau de vie du peuple.最主要的问题是，augmenter与其宾语名词le niveau属于比较常见的法语动宾搭配不当，因为augmenter虽然有“提高、增加”的意思，但其宾语一般都是内含数字或数量概念的名词，如augmenter le salaire，augmenter la température，augmenter le prix等，而本句中的“水平”显然指的是生活质量，属抽象或概念化名词。
另外，“人民”这个词法译时，要尽可能少用le peuple，因为le peuple在法语里具有很强的政治和国家色彩，是个非常郑重的字眼。
即便希拉克讲话，也常用诸如Fran?aises et Fran?ais, mes chers compatriotes, la population等词语替代。
其实，汉语里所说的人民，多数情况下就是“民众、大众、老百姓”的意思。
所以，建议将上面那句汉语改译成：[正] Il faut que le niveau de vie de la population s'élève sans cesse / s'améliore de plus en plus. // Il faut rendre la vie de la population de meilleure en meilleure.2. 这场报告抓住了很多听众的心。
[误] Ce rapport a saisi le coeur de beaucoup d'auditeurs.首先，法语的rapport纵然有“报告”之意，也多为书面的总结报告，而且写了是用来“看”和“审读”的，不是用作“听”的。
第三届翻译大赛试题及答案
And when the evening mist clothes the riverside with poetry, as with a veil, and the poor buildings lose themselves in the dim sky, and the tall chimneys become campanili, and the warehouses are palaces in the night, and the whole city hangs in the heavens, and fairy-land is before us—then the wayfarer hastens home; the working man and the cultured one, the wise man and the one of pleasure, cease to understand, as they have ceased to see, and Nature, who, for once, has sung in tune, sings her exquisite song to the artist alone, her son and her master—her son in that loves her, her master in that he knows her.To him her secrets are unfolded, to him her lessons have become gradually clear. He looks at her flower, not with the enlarging lens, that may gather facts for the botanist, but with the light of the one who sees in her choice selection of brilliant tones and delicate tints, suggestions of future harmonies.He does not confine himself to purposeless copying, without thought, each blade of grass, as commended by the inconsequent, but, in the long curve of the narrow leaf, corrected by the straight tall stem, he learns how grace is wedded to dignity. How strength enhances sweetness, that elegance shall be the result.In the citron wing of the pale butterfly, with its dainty spots of orange, he sees before him the stately halls of fair gold, with their slender saffron pillars, and is taught how the delicate drawing high upon the walls shall be traced in tender tones of orpiment, and repeated by the base in notes of graver hue.In all that is dainty and lovable he finds hints for his own combinations, and thus is Nature ever his resource and always at his service, and to him is naught refused.当傍晚富有诗意的迷雾象柔纱般地笼罩着河边，破旧的建筑消失在朦胧的天空，高高的烟囱变成一座座钟楼，大大小小的仓库恍如夜间的宫殿，整个城市悬在了空中，宛若仙境展现在我们眼前，那时候，路上的人们匆匆走路回家；劳动者和文化人，智者和浪子，因为他们熟视无睹，他们也就不能理解，而只在此时才开始歌唱的大自然便把自己微妙的歌唱给艺术家——她的儿子和她的主人；说他是儿子是因为他爱她，说他是主人是因为他理解她。
浅谈英汉互译中的常见问题
一 、英 语 语 法 基 础 不 扎 实 倘若我们注重平时积累,对英语单词 的 含 义 和 用 法 能 表
达得恰到好 处,对 文 章 结 构 以 及 各 语 法 成 分 能 够 很 好 地 理 解,翻译效果定能 更 好. 在 平 时 的 练 习 与 翻 译 训 练 中,通 常 会遇到由于对单词或者短语的用法了解 不 够 透 彻,只 知 其 一 不知其所以 然,所 以 会 在 翻 译 中 遇 到 不 符 合 语 境 的 遣 词 造 句 ,例 如 :Finally,inthelightofmanyreasons,theyadoptedit andbrokeup．因本篇 故 事 讲 述 的 是 著 名 影 星 的 恋 爱 风 波 引 起了双方父母的强烈反对,所以文章 风 格 偏 情 节 化、故 事 化, 文章总体语言简单 易 懂,用 词 简 单 明 了,而 我 们 也 将 这 句 翻 译为“最后鉴于多种原因,他们接受 了 命 运 的 安 排,分 手 了.” 以较生活化的口吻进行翻译,而Inthelightof较 正 式,显 然 不够适合此篇短故事的生活化的语境,在 翻 译 中 未 能 充 分 理 解此英语短语的用 法,造 成 了 一 种 形 式 不 对 称 的 译 法,略 显 “小题大做”,而如 果 将 此 短 语 换 成 Considering,将 更 符 合 文 章的风格,一致性较高.所以好的翻译 应 注 意 翻 译 语 境 以 及 对英语语法及句法的把握. 二 、翻 译 内 容 不 贴 合 实 际 情 况
英语词汇量不足、汉语基本功较差都 使 我 们 在 翻 译 过 程 和翻译内容中受到限制.英语词汇量 不 足,势 必 会 在 翻 译 中 造成最直接的障碍.而英语单词通常不只局限于一个意思, 例如:cotton可以翻译为名词“棉 花、棉 织 物”,也 可 作 为 动 词 译为“喜欢、赞成、一致”,对单词的把握 程 度 也 在 很 大 程 度 上 影响着我们造句的多样性和翻译的准确性.而过硬的汉语 基本功是发挥翻译优势和提高译文质量的保证.作为英语 专业的我们,并不学习大学语文课程,时 间 越 长,反 而 感 觉 对 母语缺乏亲和力,逐渐汉语言词汇匮 乏,表 达 单 调,这 倒 不 会 导致误译,但是可以 看 出 汉 语 文 化 功 底 不 够 深 厚,所 以 翻 译 出来的译文平淡无奇,索然无味.例 如:Andtheambassador isadmirableandwellknownbothinChinaandAmerica．我 们 翻译为:这位大使 在 中 国 和 美 国 都 很 令 人 钦 佩,很 有 名. 但 是 此 句 翻 译 刻 板,逐 字 对 应,只 是 对 单 词 进 行 了 简 单 翻 译. 而如果将这句话译为:这位大使在中国和 美 国 都 令 人 心 悦 诚 服、享负盛誉.后者 充 分 利 用 到 汉 语 的 四 字 成 语 的 特 性,既 符合源语言的意思,汉 语 的 高 度 可 见 一 斑,译 文 更 为 生 动 形 象 ,看 上 去 更 精 干 有 力 .
全国大学生英语翻译大赛试题及答案
1. 足球是世界上最受欢迎的运动。
最重要的足球比赛是世界杯。
世界杯每四年举办一届。
2002是第一次在亚洲举办的一届世界杯。
同时也是第一次由两个国家举办。
这两个国家是韩国和日本。
1924年足球成为奥运会比赛项目，但是因为足球是如此受欢迎，必须举办一项新的赛事。
1930年就在乌拉圭举办了第一届世界杯，当时只有13只队伍共16场比赛，平均每场比赛有24000名球迷观看。
从那以后世界杯就不断发展壮大，1998年法国世界杯平均每场有43000名球迷观战。
1994年美国举办的世界杯比赛，全世界有15亿人通过电视收看了决赛。
赢得世界杯是足球最高的成就，但在世界杯的历史上，只有少数几只队伍多次获得这个殊荣。
第一届世界杯冠军被乌拉圭夺得，然后1950年又夺得一次。
阿根廷也夺得过两次，1978和1986年。
西德夺得了1954、1974、1990三届冠军。
意大利获得了1934、1938、1982和2006年四届冠军，而最伟大的世界杯队伍是巴西队，巴西已经获得了五届世界杯冠军，分别是1958, 1962 ,1970,1994 and 2002年。
2. Ｓtaying healthy 保持健康Eat right.吃的正确For good health,it's important to eat a balanced diet, which includes a lot of fuits and sugars.为了健康，平衡膳食很重要，它包括许多水果和糖This can help you keep at a healthy weight.这样能保持一个健康的体重Be active.多活动Children should try to get at least 60 minute of exercise a day.孩子们应该每天至少锻炼60分钟Activities such as riding abike,jumping rope and using the stairs can help you stay fit.例如骑车，跳绳，爬楼梯可以帮你保持健康。
catti翻译大赛初赛真题
catti翻译大赛初赛真题一、单项选择1. Which of the following statements about who is responsible for any error that might occur in the process of translation or interpreting is wrong?A. Translators must take all errors seriously no matter whether they occur in the source language or in the target language and correct them promptly.B. Once an interpreter finds that the speaker has made an obvious factual or logical mistake, he/she should correct it in his/her interpretation in a timely manner.C. When someone points out a mistake in the interpretation, the interpreter should immediately admit and correct it.D. If your translation needs to be revised by others, the quality of the translation remains your responsibility, including the errors that have occurred in the revised part.解析：本道题考查了翻译职业道德。
本道题设问较复杂，但并不难理解，抓住关键词“error that may occur in the process of translation”可知，本道题考查选手如何应对翻译过程中出现的错误。
三级笔译汉译英答案
第一篇How I Serve the PassengersOnce I heard a man politely ask a woman in front of him at the door of the crowded bus, "Are you getting off the bus, ma'am?" The woman made no response. "Are you getting off." he asked again. The woman still did not reply. "Getting off, or not?" he shouted impatiently but there was still no response. "Are you deaf, or mute?" As he was annoyed, the man gave her a slight push. The woman glared at him angrily and hit back.At this point, it suddenly occurred to me that on the route of Bus No. 60 was a factory for the physically disabled, and that woman might be a deaf-mute from that factory. I told the man what I was thinking and wrote on a slip of paper: "Excuse me, but he wants to get off. He's asked you several times but you didn't hear him, did you?" When I showed it to the woman, she nodded and made way for him.After that, I began to pay more attention to those who look like deaf-mutes. I even learned some frequently used sign language from them. In this way, not only can I offer them better service and communicate with them, but also prevent misunderstanding or disputes between them and the other passengers.第二篇Knowledge CreationChina is a developing country. Although great progress has been made in the acquisition and application of science, technology and other modern knowledge, there is still an obvious gap between China and the developed countries. For this reason the Chinese government has formulated a strategy of "modernizing China through science and education" and is accelerating the pace of scientific and technological advancement and the updating of knowledge so as to catch up with the developed world as quickly as possible. The essence of knowledge lies in innovation. Only by constantly creating new knowledge and technology can a new industrial revolution be sparked and the rapid development of the economy be made possible. In the new century, factors such as human resources, culture, education, economic and social management are playing an increasingly important role in economic and social development. Only by continually carrying out reform and innovation in theories and technologies and achieving new breakthroughs can we inject new energy and vitality into economic and social development, more efficiently explore and make use of human and natural resources, and create more material and spiritual wealth for the benefit of human society.第三篇The Word Failure Doesn't Exist in My DictionaryMilu is always an optimist. No matter how badly he loses a game, he always remains optimistic.When asked how he responds to failure, Milu's reply was "What does failure mean?" Then he declared, "This word doesn't exist in my dictionary.""I never think about these bad things. Even in my dreams I always dream of good things. One must have confidence in oneself, and be optimistic. Only then will there be hope. I am very optimistic about the prospect of the Chinese team and about my own prospects.""In my view, it is perfectly normal to either lead or lag behind during a match. At halftime, I didn't give any thought to the possibility that we might lose. All I thought was how to change tactics, replace players, score more goals and finally win the game."No one can understand what Milu is doing, because the way we are educated in China makes it impossible for us to understand him!第四篇WaterThe earth's water resources are composed of sea water, underground water, ice and snow, and waters in rivers and lakes, totaling about 1.4 billion cubic kilometers in all. Although sea water makes up 97.2 percent of this, it cannot be used directly for human consumption or for production; water in solid forms, such as ice, snow, etc, is distributed mainly in the uninhabited Arctic and Antarctic areas; and the total amount of water in rivers, lakes and underground comprises only 0.6 percent of the earth's water, of which a considerable amount is undrinkable. Indeed, the fresh water that is usable is merely 0.34 percent of the fresh water reserves of the earth.China's annual water resources are averaged at 2,812.4 billion cubic meters, the third in the world and next only to Brazil and the former Soviet Union. But the size of the population has reduced the per capita water resources to merely 2,580 cubic metres, the 84th place in the world. Furthermore, the water resources are unevenly distributed geographically, with 90 percent of the surface water and over 70 percent of the underground water found in southern provinces. This leaves the 17 provinces in the North extremely short of water. With the increasing population, development of production and expansion of cities, the contradiction between demand for and supply of water will become more and more serious.第五篇A Shortcut to Becoming a BeijingerI came to Beijing and found a job as a hired laborer. My workplace is not far from where I stay, but I have to change buses twice to get there. To save the bus fare, I bought an imitation mountain bike and joined Beijing's large contingent of cyclists. But soon trouble found its way to me.Just five days after I bought the bike I left the building of my company after work to get my bike as usual, only to find my bike had disappeared. I walked around the bike parking lot five times but found no trace of it. I concluded it must have been stolen. Hearing my incident, my landlord consoled me, "Take it easy, sonny. You can't be a Beijinger if you haven't lost at least three bikes."As a bike was indispensable to me, I went to the same shop and bought a second bike of the same design. This time I also bought a strong lock for my bike.It so happened that the third day after I bought my second bike was over a weekend. I rode my bike to Tiancheng Supermarket to do shopping. When I came out an hour later carrying big and small bags, I failed to find my bike again. At first I thought perhaps I was dazed by so many bikes there. It dawned on me only after half an hour's careful searching in vain that my new bike was stolen. On my bus ride back I consoled myself, "At this speed I'll out-Beijinger Beijingers in a few days!"第六篇Enhance the Awareness of the EnvironmentEnvironmental protection is a big issue involving many aspects. The United Nations has also met many obstacles in solving problems concerning this issue. For example, the Bush Administration had tried to defeat the Kyoto Protocol not long ago because it might impede the development of the United States. Of course every citizen should be concerned with such issues,but as ordinary citizens we are not in a position to have much say. However, we can start with small matters in our daily life, such as refusing to use disposable chopsticks or paper napkins.My son seems to be more conscious about environmental protection than I am. He thinks it is more important to take into consideration environmental friendliness rather than economic benefit when making any decision. This gratifies me, but I wonder if he would compromise when he has to face life by himself in the future.It is now more appropriate to judge how advanced a society is by examining if environmental protection has found its way deep into the hearts of its people and their daily behavior than by examining its productivity or living standard.第七篇Capital of BeggarsAddis Ababa, capital of Ethiopia, is known as the "capital of beggars". Tens of thousands out of the city's population of three million are beggars. The first impression any foreigner gets when he comes to the city is the unbelievable number of beggars. No matter where you are you will inevitably see them when you look round; and you'll be besieged by a big crowd of beggars dressed in rags as soon as you stop at any intersection.Most of the beggars in Addis Ababa are children. The average life expectancy in Ethiopia is only 49 because of the extreme poverty there. Fifteen million out of Ethiopia's population of 67 million are children under fifteen. Old people are rarely seen in the streets and almost everyone you see is of young age. These children are usually very dirty and are constantly in worries about their next meal. But they are quite optimistic and seem always happy unless extremely hungry. Some children shine shoes for others to earn some bread. They will also readily join the contingent of beggars when they find no business.Another type of beggars are displaced people from the countryside. As Ethiopia was hit by another severe drought last year, there is an obvious increase of beggars in the capital city.第八篇One Plus One Is Less Than TwoNowadays in cities it has become fashionable to remain single, and those who do so seem to be so free and unconstrained. But environmentally this is something undesirable as a recent research report suggests that getting married is an "environment-friendly" action.This sounds somewhat sensational, but it is a simple plain truth: a person living alone consumes much more natural resources than the average a person does when living together with another one. For example, if a person lives by himself in a house which can house two people, the resources used to build the house are partly wasted, and so are water and electricity. So we can see one plus one is less than two. Smaller families mean more families have to be established for the same number of people. As a result, cities get larger and larger, doing serious damage to the surrounding habitats of many species.Sure it is impossible to force single people to get married for the protection of the environment. However, to conserve natural resources, we can at least do our best to choose a way of life that is environment-friendly.第九篇Changing SeatsA woman's seat was next to that of a black man on the plane. She asked a stewardess to change her seat because she "would not sit beside someone whose skin is of an ugly color". Thestewardess replied that all the seats were occupied but she would go and have a look at the first class compartment. The other passengers found the woman's words disgusting but she looked pleased with herself as she wouldn't have to sit beside such a "sickening" person.A few minutes later the stewardess came back and said to the woman, "I'm sorry, but there is a vacant seat in the first class compartment. I've consulted the captain, who has agreed to make some rearrangement about the seat." The woman was very much elated and was ready to leave her seat when the stewardess said to the black man sitting beside the woman, "Would you please follow me to your new seat, sir?" The other passengers were stupefied for a moment but soon gave a round of warm applause to the stewardess.第十篇Harvesting Our Own Sowing?Narrow living spaces and poor hygienic conditions contributed to the wide spread of smallpox in history. Such problems have not been tackled at the root though people's living conditions have been greatly improved. The high population density in central urban districts and the closely built high-risings with narrow space in between are favorable for the spread of viruses. The height inside the rooms is also a problem: It becomes difficult to dispel the polluted air inside the room timely when the height of a room is less than 2.5 meters. But both designers and builders often neglect this in order to save building materials.The greedy demands of human beings have damaged the harmonious natural bio-system. They are paying the price for what they have done. As the resources people rely on are getting exhausted, human beings are exposing themselves to strange viruses and bacteria.。
catti3级笔译 -回复
catti3级笔译-回复青少年如何有效应对考试压力[引言]在当前竞争激烈的社会中，考试被视为衡量学生能力和未来发展的重要指标。
然而，对许多青少年来说，考试压力可能会带来负面影响，如焦虑、厌学和心理健康问题。
因此，了解如何有效应对考试压力对青少年的成长和发展至关重要。
[认识考试压力]考试压力是指在参加考试时产生的情绪和心理压力。
这种压力通常来自于对于取得好成绩和达到期望的焦虑感，以及对未来可能的负面后果的担忧。
青少年常常面临着高中毕业考试、大学入学考试等重要考试的压力。
[了解考试压力对青少年的影响]考试压力对青少年的影响是多方面的。
首先，长期面临考试压力可能导致焦虑和抑郁等心理健康问题。
其次，过度的考试压力可能导致学习兴趣的减退，甚至对学习产生厌倦情绪。
最后，考试压力还可能对青少年的生活、社交和家庭关系造成负面影响。
[如何有效应对考试压力]1. 制定合理的学习计划：学习计划可以帮助青少年合理分配时间，避免过度学习或拖延学习。
通过有规律的复习和休息，可以减轻考试压力。
2. 寻找适合自己的学习方法：每个人的学习方法不同，青少年应该通过试错找到适合自己的学习方式。
有些人通过听讲座、有些人通过阅读教材来更好地理解知识。
3. 建立积极的学习态度：积极的学习态度可以给青少年带来更多的动力和信心。
了解自己的长处和能力，相信自己能够应对考试，这将有助于减轻考试压力。
4. 找到适当的放松方式：在紧张的学习中，青少年需要适当的放松来缓解压力。
他们可以选择运动、听音乐、与朋友聊天等放松方式，以恢复能量和精神。
5. 寻求支持和帮助：在面对考试压力时，青少年可以寻求家人、老师和朋友的支持和帮助。
他们可以与他人分享自己的感受，并获得鼓励和建议。
[结论]考试压力是青少年面临的一项重大挑战，但是通过有效的应对措施，他们可以学会应对和管理考试压力。
合理的学习计划、积极的学习态度和适当的放松方式都可以帮助青少年顺利度过考试期间。
最重要的是，青少年需要认识到考试不是衡量能力的唯一标准，而是人生中的一次经历和学习机会。
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