初三英语中考语法详解(十九)现在分词与过去分词初中知识点整理(含练习)

初三英语中考语法考点重难点详解（十九）

现在分词与过去分词初中知识点整理（含练习）

分词就两种：现在分词和过去分词，分别都可以作定语也可以作状语，分词用法是高中英语学习的重点。

一、两种分词的主要区别

现在分词-ing 有主动含义，或表示动作正在进行；过去分词-ed 有被动含义，或表示动作已经完成。分词因都是由动词变来的，仍保留这动词的特性，可以带自己的宾语，也可以被状语修饰。

二、分词作定语、状语和复合宾语

[1] 作定语：一个独立的分词作定语，放在修饰的名词之前；而分词短语作定语，放在所修饰的名词之后。如：

The baby has a running nose. 这个宝宝流鼻涕。

The woman standing behind the counter served me. 站在柜台后面的那个女人接待的我。

I have a friend called Black. 我有个叫布莱克的朋友。

He gave me a broken glass. 他给了我一个破玻璃杯。

[2] 现在分词做下列动词的宾补。

如：He kept me waiiting. 他让我一直在等。

I saw him eating a big apple.我看见他正在吃一个大苹果。

Jenny saw something moving in the garden. 杰瑞看到有东西在花园里动。

[3] 现在分词作状语，描述动作发生的样子，分词本身和句子的主语之间，有主谓关系。如：

She came running towards me.

她向我跑来。running 用于描摹came 的方式，是“跑着过来”的。running 和主语she 之间是主谓关系，也就是说，running 这个“跑”是有she “她”发出来的！

过去分词作状语，也是描述动作发生的样子，只不过去分词和主语之间是被动关系:

Accompanied by his Dad, he visited his new teacher. 在父亲的陪伴下，他看望了自己的新老师。其中的accompanied 和主语he 之间是被动关系，也就是说，he 是“被陪伴”的！

[4] 过去分词作表语，放在系动词后面，要注意与被动语态的区别：“主系表”主要表示样子；被动语态表示动作。

常用过去分词作表语的结构有：

be worried (焦虑)

be surprised（吃惊）

be pleased (高兴)

be embarrassed （尴尬）

be tired (疲劳)

get dressed (打扮好)

beome frustrated (沮丧)

get lost (迷路)

get caught (遭遇)

become intereted in (对…感兴趣)等等。

[5] 过去分词可以作宾语补足语。如：

They have asked me to have the tree cut down. 他们已经要求我砍掉那棵树。其中cut 是以一个过去分词，tree 和cut 之间是被动关系，实际上是“使这个树被砍”

还有：

have the car washed（找人洗车，使车被洗）

have your hair cut（去理发，使你的头发被剪）

have the house rebuilt（重修房子，使这座房子被重修）

have a new dress made（去做件新裙子，使一件新裙子被做）

巩固练习

1. I never heard him ________ such a thing before.

A. saying

B. to say

C. having said

D. say

2. The students ________in the exercise books may go now.

A. handed

B. having handed

C. to be handing

D. who have handed

3. He looked at me with a ________expression, may be the problem was quite________.

A. puzzled; puzzling

B. puzzling; puzzled

C. puzzled; puzzled

D. puzzling; puzzling

4. I need my bike ________.

A. repaired

B. repairing

C. to have repaired

D. being repaired

5. Could you smell something ________?

A. burn

B. burnt

C. burning d. being burn

6. He entered the house and left me ________outside.

A. stand

B. to stand

C. standing

D. to be standing

7. The meeting ________ tomorrow is very important.

A. held

B. holding

C. being held

D. to be held

8. What ________weather! The lake was ________over.

A. freezing; frozen

B. frozen; freezing

C. freezing; freezing

D. frozen; frozen

9. ________louder and make yourself ________.

A. Speaking; hearing

B. Speaking; heard

C. Speak; heard

D. Speak; hearing

10. Is this the place ________by you the other day?